Transport of food and minerals in plants and Nervous system

[Biology Test]
> Check your answers after completing the paper, check the spellings
> Draw the diagram neatly and label them
Q.1 Fill in the blanks
1. In single-celled organisms like Amoeba, Paramecium and some algae, materials move by
_______________________.
2. The transport system of plants is also called a ____________________________________________
3. _________________ conducts water and minerals absorbed by roots to other parts of the plants.
4. _________________________________ are thick-walled, nonliving, long, tubular cells.
5. __________________________________ are also nonliving, elongated cells with pointed ends. Along
with xylem vessels, tracheids also conduct water and minerals.
6. ____________________________________ are the only living cells. They perform storage functions.
7. ______________________ are thick-walled cells and provide mechanical support.
8. Phloem is composed of four types of cells-_________________________________________ and
_________________________________________.
9. _______________transports organic food manufactured by leaves to all the other parts of the plant.
10. ___________________________ is a selectively permeable membrane which allows only certain
molecules of a solution to pass through its pores.
11. ___________________________ absorb water by diffusion and minerals by active transport.
12.________________________ is the movement of molecules from higher concentration (amount) to the
region of lower to lower concentration) concentration without using any energy.
13. Water absorbed by root hairs moves through the cells of cortex of root
by_________________________________
14. Plant roots build up pressure that forces water upward in the xylem vessels. It is called
_______________________________.
15. Vascular system is formed of _________________ and ____________________
16.Semipermeable membrane permits the entry of water and ___________________ into the cell sap.
17. Transport of substances against the concentration gradient by using energy is called
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18. Root hairs absorb water by ________________ or ________________________________________
19. Transport of water and minerals from roots upward to the leaves is called ____________________
20. During osmosis, movement of water occurs from a ______________ solution to a ________________
solution.
21. Temperature in air __________________ the rate of transpiration
22. ______________________________ have thick walls and narrow lumen.
23. Transport of minerals occurs by the process of ______________________
24. Water evaporates from the _________________ of plants.
25. Hydrogen and carbon are required in ______________________ amounts in plants.
26. Nitrogen takes part in the formation of __________________________ and ____________________
27___________________ element has important role in flowering and fruiting.
28. _______________________ are the elements required in small amount by plants.
29. Upward movement of water in the stem takes place through _____________ and ________________
30. Absorption of minerals by root hair takes place by _____________________.
31. Plants lose excess water by the process of _______________________
32. Delayed flowering in plants is due to deficiency of ______________ and _________________
33. A neuron has three parts: _________________ __________________ and _______________
34. Coordination in body activities is achieved through _________________________________systems.
35. The ________________ is the seat of memory, intelligence and reasoning in humans.
36. The basic unit of the nervous system is the ______________cell.
37. Receptors of pain and pressure are present in _______________.
38. ________________ are the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
39. Cranial nerves are ___________ pairs.
40. Functioning of visceral organs is controlled by______________________
41. _________________neurons conduct impulses from brain or spinal cord to _______________organs.
42. We ________________ on seeing tasty food.

Q.No. 2 True or False

1. Phloem vessels are called sieve tubes.
2. Diffusion is also called passive transport.
3. Both in diffusion and osmosis, a substance moves from its higher concentration to its lower
concentration but, in osmosis, the movement of substance occurs through a semipermeable membrane.
4. In woody stems, transpiration occurs through lenticels.
5. Transpiration produces cooling effect which protects plants from heat of the sunlight.
6. Neurons are the unit of nervous system.
7. Axons are afferent fibres.
8. Nerve impulse at synapse passes as a chemical message.
9. Cerebrum is called the little brain.
10. Motor neurons pass impulses to the effector organ.
11. There are 12 pairs of spinal nerves.
12. Cranial nerves are 10 pairs of nerves in human beings.
13. All voluntary actions are controlled independent of the brain.
14. Cerebrum is the seat of intelligence.
15. The spinal cord is part of the peripheral nervous system.
16. Gray matter is formed of nerve cells.
17. Response to a stimulus is reflected by a receptor.
18.Pavlov's experiment is based on acquired reflexes.
19.Reflex actions are controlled by cerebrum.
20. Pupil reflex is controlled by the spinal cord.
21. Medulla controls all the voluntary activities of the body.
22. Gray matter is formed of cell bodies of neurons.

Q.No.3 Give one word for

1. A constriction between two Schwann cells. _____________________________
2. The part of brain also called little brain. _____________________________
3. Sudden and quick action without thinking. _____________________________
4. The organ which receives stimulus _____________________________
5. The two halves of cerebrum. _____________________________
6. Process for absorption of minerals by root hairs. _____________________________
7. The pull that helps in the conduction of water from root to leaves of tall trees.
_____________________________
8. Movement of molecules across semipermeable pu membrane along concentration gradient.
_____________________________
9. Loss of water from leaf surface by evaporation. _____________________________
10. Upward movement of water in plants _____________________________
11. Movement for food prepared by leaves to different parts of plants. _____________________________
12. The brain stem. _____________________________
13. The brain matter is rich in the cell bodies of neurons. _____________________________
14. The nerve fibres that transmit impulses from receptors to brain. _____________________________
15. The automatic response by the body to a stimulus. _____________________________
16. Two halves of cerebrum. _____________________________
17. Nerves arising from the brain. _____________________________
18. The part of the brain that coordinates movements during gymnastic performance.
_____________________________

Q.No.4 Match the following

A B Answer

Nitrogen Epidermal cell

Algae Cell-to-cell diffusion

Xylem vessels Semipermeable membrane

Root hair Proteins and nucleic acids

Egg membrane Tubular cells

Cell sap Movement of food

Transpiration Vacuole
Translocation Stomata

Sieve tubes Ascent of sap

Root pressure Phloem

Reflex Meninges

Stimulus Cerebellum

Control of voluntary action Association between axon,

and dendrite

Membranes around the brain Spinal cord

Synapse Receptor

Blinking of eye Axon

Brain stem Medulla oblongata

Sensory neurons Neurotransmitters

Myelin sheath Reflex action

Synapse Receptors

Q.No. 5 Answer the following

1. What are mixed nerves?
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2. How is the brain protected in the body?

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3. What is brain stem?

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4. What is a stimulus?
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5. What is a nerve impulse?

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6. Name three functions of the brain.

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7. What are nerves? What are their functions?

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8. Name the types of nerves based on impulses they conduct.

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9. Describe the composition of the reflex arc.

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10. Summarize functions of cerebrum?

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11. Describe a simple reflex action with a suitable example.

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12. How does transport of material take place in unicellular plants?
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13. Describe adaptations in root hairs for absorption of water.

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14. Define the term ascent of sap.

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15. Explain root pressure and its role in plants.

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16. Discuss various conditions that alter rate of transpiration

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17. Why do cut flowers kept in water remain fresh?

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18. Why does transpiration produce a cooling effect?

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19. Why are phloem vessels also called sieve tubes?

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20. Which other membranes can be used as a semipermeable membrane?

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21. Define Reflex action

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22. Define Stimulus

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23. Define Response

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24. Define Nerve impulse

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25. Define Receptor

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26. Define Effector

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27. Explain the function of root hair

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28. Explain the function of Xylem vessels
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29. Explain the function of Phosphorus in plants

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30. Define Ascent of sap

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31. Define Active transport

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32. Define Transpiration pull

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33. Injury to medulla oblongata leads to immediate death. Give Reason

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34. The hand moves away when someone pinches us. Give reason.
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35. We salivate on seeing tasty food. Give reason
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36. Why does a drunk person walk clumsily?

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37. Why does hanging lead to death?

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39. Difference between Diffusion and osmosis

40. Difference between Diffusion and active transport

41. Difference between Xylem and phloem

42. Difference between Micronutrients and macronutrients

43. Transpiration helps in the ascent of sap. Give reason

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44. Water column is maintained inside xylem vessels.Give reason

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45. Intensity of light increases transpiration rate. Give reason

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46. Absorption of water from soil by root hair occurs by osmosis. Give reason
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47. Why do we feel cool standing under a tree?

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48. Why do plants not grow well in a barren land?

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47. Draw a neat labeled diagram of Structure of neuron, Myelin sheath around an axon

48. Draw a labeled diagram of Path of absorbed water through root cortex to xylem vessels
49. Draw a labeled diagram of Xylem Elements