LITERATURE PROSE

- Imaginative shaping of life and - Latin “prosa oratio,” meaning

thinking into language (a medium) “straightforward.”
- Written or spoken material/form - language that follows the natural
- Reflection of the society patterns found in everyday speech
- Revelation of human condition - unmetered, follows grammar rules,
- Works of art and is organized into sentences
- Method of preserving, recording, and paragraphs.
and transmitting knowledge a. FICTION
- Product of the writer's wild
LITERARY TEXT imagination and creative
- used a language and a special thinking
style that gives it a certain poetic - Can significantly impact
touch their audience
- the author has complete freedom b. NON-FICTION
to write as best he pleases - inspired by real events
- Subjectivity where the writers aim to
present experiences based
NON -LITERARY TEXT on facts
- Transmit information c. CREATIVE NONFICTION
- Not created to entertain but to - combination of fiction and
inform or instruct nonfiction
- Use of specific vocabulary - retelling of the author’s life
experiences
FORMS OF LITERATURE
ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
POETRY
- Written in lines 1. FORMS
- element of rhythm, sound, imagery, - General structure of the
and form literary piece
- expressive words - First aspect of literature
that attempts to connect
a. NARRATIVE POETRY with the readers
- tells a story - Refers to the writing's
- long/short, with rhyme/no structure or organization
rhyme
b. DRAMATIC POETRY 2. CHARACTERIZATION
- expresses emotions and - choices an author makes to
feelings of the poet/portray reveal a character’s
a situation personality
- meant to be spoken or
acted out 3. CHARACTER
c. LYRIC POETRY - Representation of a person,
- focuses on expressing place, or thing performing
feelings rather than telling a traditionally human
story. activities or functions in a
- first person work of fiction
 - Protagonist, Antagonist, - Place/location of the action
Minor Static Dynamic
_________________________________
4. THEME
- subject of which literature FANFICTION
revolves around - Fanfic
- It contains the message - Popular on social media for fans of
shows, movies, etc
5. CONFLICT - FROM THE FANS
- Essence of fiction and creates plot - Mortal Instruments, Fifty Shades of
- Person vs. Person Grey
- Human vs. Nature
- Human vs. Society FLASH FICTION
- Human vs. Self - stories or narratives that have
- Human vs. Supreme Being approximately 1,000 words or
fewer
6. LANGUAGE - A very short story has minimal or
- Human communication, complete lack of exposition
either spoken or written - Brevity - compresses an entire
story into the space of a few
7. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE paragraphs.
- Use of words to express - complete plot - with a beginning,
meaning beyond the literal middle, and end
meaning - Surprise - usually in the form of a
a. SIMILE (like/as) twist ending or an unexpected last
- contrasting to seemingly line.
unalike things to enhance
the meaning of a situation METAFICTION
- Fiction About A Fiction
- directly speaks to the reader
b. METAPHOR - The reader also plays a part in the
- contrasting two seemingly story.
unlike things without like/as
c. HYPERBOLE GRAPHIC LITERATURE
- exaggeration - Sequential storytelling
d. PERSONIFICATION - In form of COMICS
- giving non-human objects
human characteristics Barangay for the word balangay'

DICTION POLITICS
- choice of words writers use to - Maginoo - noble
communicate their ideas - Maharlika - Warriors
- CONNOTATION - emotional and - Timawa - freemen
imaginative - Alipin - aliping namamahay(serfs)
- DENOTATION - strict dictionary or aliping saguiguilid (slaves)
meaning - Datu Bugna(Amaya) - ruling class

8. SETTING
WRITING FOLK SONGS
- wrote on palmleaves or bamboo - mirror the culture which expresses
using knives as pens and sap from hopes,aspirations, lifestyles, and
plants and trees as ink emotions of early Filipinos.
- Baybayin (Tagalog)
- Mangyan(Mindoro) SALAWIKAIN
- seventeen basic syllables - give advice to the young
composed of three vowels and - offering words of wisdom
fourteen consonants
BUGTONG
Animism - form of entertainment
- belief that souls or spirits exist - indirect form to tell the youth
inplants,animals, or objects _________________________________
Philippine Literature (Spanish Period)
PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE
- oral tradition intra - within / inside
- resistance and geographical muros - walls
isolation
- daily life/experiences 3GS
- Destroyed By Friars - SOCIAL STATUS
- WRITING
MYTHS - PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS
- supernatural powers where the
main purpose is to provide Indio-“natives”
explanation about the of existence
something SOCIAL STATUS
- F. Landa Jocano 1. PENINSULARES - Spaniards who
grew up in Spain
LEGENDS 2. Insulares - Spaniards who grew up
- Believed to be historical but cannot in the Philippines
be verified as true. 3. SPANISH MESTIZOS - half
spaniard
FOLKTALES 4. PRINCIPALIA - Filipino tribe
- Stories which can be characterized leaders
as anonymous, timeless, and 5. CHINESE MESTIZOS - half
placeless tales circulated orally chinese
- Dr. Amorita C. Rabuco - form of 6. CHINESE - chinese living in the
expression employed by the philippines
people as a respond to their daily 7. INDIOS - natives
rigors of existence
Parochial Schools
EPICS - Ateneo De Manila
- describes the adventures of a - UST
hero, warrior, god, or king.
- and attitudes of the people who Early Spanish Period
created it. - Oral narratives before =
transferred into written ones
 - Religion based = center of 2. Leona Florentino
everything is religion - Mother of Philippine
- Literature for teaching morality and Women’s literature
conduct of good behavior - Cultural Center of the
Philippines
Late Spanish Period - Blasted Hopes = suffering
- Educated Filipino “Ilustrados” - and pain from given up
access to education; paved the hope that once been so
way to production of our own strong and determinate
natives
- All about “revolucion” DEVELOPMENT OF PROSE
- Others used pen names or
pseudonyms From: supernatural, origin of things
- Influencing filipino about sacrifices To Spanish Period: missionaries, studies
on the Philippine languages
Development of Poetry
- Depicted the spiritual beliefs and SPANISH FRIARS
everyday lives of natives - Attempted to eliminate the past
- Focused on religion and values and replace it with religious ones
- The arts and rules of Tagalog - first
Ladino book exp. The principles of the
- Bilingual poem with religious Tagalog Language
themes - Christian Doctrine in the Spanish
- Alternating lines with tagalog and and Tagalog Languages
spanish
- Ladion - filipinos who were fluent NOVEL
with spanish and tagalog - Fictitious proses that are usually
- Francisco Bagongbanta = lengthy and complex in nature.
“Salamat nang walang hangga” - NINAY - first novel of a filipino
author (1885)
Pasyon
- Epic narrative of Jesus life,death, Jose Rizal
and resurrection - His novels portray the corruption
- Replaced the precolonial oral and abuse of the spaniards
tradition - NOLI ME TANGERE - touch me
not
Awit - El Filibusterismo - reign of greed
- Characterized by its use of melody
and rhyme Essays
- Used to convey different emotions - Personal pieces of writing that use
pov of the writer
NOTABLE WRITERS - KALAYAAN - andres bonifacio

1. Francisco Baltazar THE INDOLENCE OF FILIPINO

+ Master of Traditional - Essay that talks about the idleness
Filipino Poetry of the Filipinos/ a response by
+ Florante at Laura (tyranny Rizal.
of the Spanish Colonizers) - Galleon Trade
 - Crooked system of education

DEVELOPMENT OF DRAMA

From: RITUALS
TO: DRAMAS. TO SPREAD
CHRISTIANITY

Cenaculo
- A play depicting the sufferings of
Jesus

Carill
- Shadow play using puppets made
from cardboard

Zarzuela
- Spanish form of musical comedy

Moro-Moro
- Muslims vs Christians

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE CLASS

INFOGRAPHICS

1556: JUPITER is the biggest planet

(GALLEON TRADE); mercury is the
smallest (WW II) (BRITISH
OCCUPATION)

1762: neptune is far away from us;mars is

a cold place even if it is red

1896: Pluto a dwarf; Earth is the third

planet (INDEPENDENCE)