PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
S + (aux) + be + V3 + (by + n)
Câu bị động được dùng trong trường hợp người nói muốn nhấn mạnh vật thể
bị tác động.
Cấu trúc câu bị động ở dạng thì nào thì chia tobe theo thì đó.
Nếu câu có động từ và hai tân ngữ thì muốn nhấn mạnh tân ngữ nào thì
thường sẽ dùng tân ngữ đó chuyển thành chủ ngữ bị động. Trong trường hợp
chung, tân ngữ được chọn là tân ngữ gián tiếp.
Ví dụ: I gave him a book = I gave a book to him = He was given a book (by me).
Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý 2 điểm sau:
1. Nếu S - chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: they, people, everyone, someone,
anyone, etc => thì không cần đưa vào câu bị động
Ví dụ: They stole my motorbike last night. (Bọn chúng lấy trộm xe máy của tôi
đêm qua)
➤ My motorbike was stolen last night. (Xe máy của tôi đã bị lấy trộm đêm qua.)
2. Nếu là người hoặc vật
➤ Trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng chuyển sang bị động sẽ dùng 'by'
E.g: She is making a cake => A cake is being made by her.
➤ Gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng 'with'
E.g: A door is opened with a key
Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động
The waiter brings me this dish.
Our friends send these postcards to us.
Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
Jim baked this cake yesterday.
They are going to buy a new apartment next year.
The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.
They keep this room tidy all the time.
We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
They moved the fridge into the living room.
Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.
1. The war ……………………………….. next week. (DECLARE)
2. Your homework ……………………………….. by tomorrow afternoon. (MUST
FINISH)
3. That house ………………………………... since I was a child. (NOT PAINT)
4. Smoking ……………………………….. in this hotel (NOT ALLOW)
5. After all the flights …………………………., the tourists checked in at the
airport hotel. (CANCEL)
6. The car ……………………..…. for over a week. (NOT WASH)
7. He ………………………. a new contract last year. (GIVE)
8. This song ………………………………..by the Beatles in 1967. (WRITE)
9. The earth …………………………… if we try hard enough to do something
(CAN SAVE)
10. The new bridge ……………………………….. at the moment. (BUILD)
Ex 3: Chọn đáp án đúng:
1. I ……………… the news if you ……………… me yesterday.
A. had given; phoned
B. had given; had phoned
C. would have given; phoned
D. would have given; had phoned
2. If Tom ……………… more carefully, he ……………… .
A. drove; wouldn’t have crashed
B. drove; didn’t crash
C. had driven; wouldn’t have crashed
D. had driven; didn’t crash
3. If we ……………… birds, we ……………… fly.
A. are; are able to
B. are; would be able to
C. were; are able to
D. were; would be able to
Exercise 4. Cho dạng đúng của các động từ sau đây (có thể là chủ động hoặc
bị động) để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing Task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
The first diagram (1-illustrate) …………………… the process of cement
manufacture, and the second diagram (2-show) …………………… the materials
that go into the production of concrete.
It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the
input of raw materials and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce
concrete, four different materials (3-mix) …………………… together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay (4-crush)
…………………… to form a powder. This powder (5- then/ mix)
…………………… before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the
resulting mixture (6-grind) ……………………, and cement (7-produce)
……………………. Finally, the cement (8-package) …………………… in large
bags.
Cement is one of the four raw materials that (9-use) …………………… in the
production of concrete, along with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete
(10-consist) …………………… of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10%
water. All four materials are blended together in a rotating machine called a
concrete mixer.
