Madina College of Pharmacy

Contact Total Lecture

Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
Hrs/Week Allocated
PHARM-412 Pharmacology and Therapeutics-IA 4(3-1) 3+4 48

Commencement of Mid Semester

Discipline Semester No Semester Termination Date
Semester Examination
PHARM-D 3rd 16-09-2024 11-11-2024 18-01-2025

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is updated according to guidelines of HEC and Pakistan Pharmacy Council,
and describes all aspects and basic principles of pharmacology, including pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetics, laboratory work, and tutorials on the interactions of drugs and biological systems as a basis
for rational disease therapy
INSTRUCTER NAME: Dr. Mazhar Raja / Dr. Amber Shafi (RPh)

Email Address: lecturer.pharmd.512@tuf.edu.pk Contact: 0323-6665607

INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES: To understand the scientific concepts and fundamental principles of
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of drug and how these properties influence routes of
administration; drug absorption; drug distribution; drug metabolism; drug efficacy and potency; mechanism of
therapeutic action of a selected drug at the molecular, cellular, organ system and whole body levels ; principles
of dose-response relationships; concepts of drug-receptor interactions; potential for drug-drug interactions;
drug toxicity and the appropriate choice of drug for pharmacotherapy in patient
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Understand the concepts of drug pharmacokinetics, Its Mechanism of action, concepts of drug-receptor
interactions and disease management.
Identify a range of drugs used in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Report toxicities of drugs, adverse drug reactions.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Title Author(s)
Lippincott Illustrated Review Pharmacology Karen Whalen, Richard finckel,Thomas A. Panavelil
Katzung & Travor’s Pharmacology Anthony J. trevor, Bertram g. Katzung, Marieke Kruidering
Hall
The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics Goodman & Gillman
COURSE CONTENTS (LECTURE-WISE)
Week Lecture
Title of Chapter Contents
Number
1 Definition of Pharmacology, history and its various branches.

2 Definition of drug and its various sources

1 3 GENERAL Route of Administration their merits &demerits
PHARMACOLOGY
4 Drug solubility, passage of drug across the membrane, factors
effecting drug absorption
2 5 Bioavailability and various factors affecting bioavailability

6 Plasma protein binding volume of distribution (Vd),biological

PHARMACOKINETICS half-life
7 Phases of drug metabolism factors effecting drug metabolism

3 8 Drug clearance through different routes total body clearance

(Cl)
Dose, efficacy and potency of drugs, hypersensitivity and
9 idiosyncratic reactions, drug tolerance and dependence, drug
interactions.
Mechanism of action/how drugs act, receptors and their
10 various types, receptors internalization and receptors co-
localization
4 Transmembrane ligand-gated ion channel, enzymes linked
11 receptors, G- protein couple receptors, Intracellular receptors
& with special reference to their molecular structures

PHARMACODYNAMICS Cell surface receptors, signal transduction by cell surface

12 / receptors, signaling mediated by intra cellular receptors,
ASSIGNMENT 1 target cell and hyper sensitization

Occupational theory, rate theory, activation-aggregation

13 theory, two state model of receptor activation

5 Graded dose-response relationships, quantal dose-response

14 relationships Agonist, Full agonist, partial agonist, inverse
agonist

Antagonist, Competitive antagonist, irreversible antagonist,

15 functional antagonist, allosteric antagonist, median lethal
dose (LD:50), median effective dose (ED:50) & therapeutic
index

Organization, subdivisions and innervations of ANS

16 DRUGS ACTING ON
AUTONOMIC Chemical signaling between cells
6 17 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Acetylcholine (cholinergic neurotransmitter, its synthesis,
18 release and fate.

19 PARASYMPATHETIC Direct acting cholinergic agonist

(CHOLINERGIC)
7 20 AGONISTS Indirect acting cholinergic agonist (reversible)
 21 Indirect acting cholinergic agonist (irreversible)

22 Classification, Mechanism of action, pharmacological actions

PARASYMPATHETIC therapeutic uses, Side effects
8 23 ANTAGONIST Nicotine
24 Quiz 1
Mid Semester Examination
25 Non-depolarizing agents, mechanism of action,
pharmacological effects, Therapeutic uses & side effects
10 26 depolarizing agents, mechanism of action, pharmacological
SYMPATHETIC effects, therapeutic uses & side effects
27 AGONISTS Epinephrine, its synthesis, release and fate.

Classification, ,mechanism of action, pharmacological actions

28 therapeutic uses, Side effects
Alpha (α) - adrenergic blocking agents,
11 29 Classification, ,mechanism of action, pharmacological actions,
therapeutic uses, Side effects
SYMPATHETIC Mode of action, pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses,
30 ANTAGONIST DRUGS Side effects of β blockers
Mode of action, pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses,
31 side effects of Alpha(α)-blockers, drugs effecting
neurotransmitter reuptake
12 32 What is emesis? Mechanisms that trigger vomiting,
drugs/agents that cause emesis
33 Classification, Mechanism of action, Therapeutic effects, Side
effects
Drugs used to control chemotherapy induced nausea and
34 vomiting, Classification, Mechanism of action, Therapeutic
effects, Side effects
Irritant & Stimulant, Bulk laxative, saline & osmotic laxatives,
13 35 Drugs ACTING ON Mechanism of action, Therapeutic effects, Side effect
GASTROINTESTINAL
TRACT (GIT) / Lubricant laxatives, stool softener & chloride channel
36 Assignment 2 activators, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, side
effect
37 Introduction, classification, antimicrobial agents & their MOA,
therapeutic effects
14 38 H2-receptor blocker
proton pump & their MOA, therapeutic effects
39 Antacids, Prostaglandins & mucosal protective agents & their
MOA, therapeutic effects
40 Gastrin receptor antagonist and cyto-protective agents
15 Introduction, types , difference between ulcerative colitis &
41 Crohn’s disease & classifications of drugs used for IBD
treatment
 42 Ulcerative colitis, symptoms, causes, Risk factors &
management
43 Quiz 2
16 44 Group 1 & 2
45 Group 3 & 4
46 PRESENTATIONS Group 5 & 6
17 47 Group 7 & 8
48 Group 9 & 10
Final Semester Examination

Recommended Practical Topics

Sr No Topics

1 Preparation of 1L Tyrode solution.

2 Preparation of 1L Kreb solution

3 Preparation of normal saline 1000ml.

4 Routes of Administration of drugs

5 To demonstrate the sympathomimetic effect of Adrenaline on Frog‘s heart.

6 To demonstrate the sympatholytic effect of Propranolol on Frog‘s heart.

7 To demonstrate the Para sympathomimetic effect of Acetylcholine drugs on Frog‘s heart.

8 To demonstrate the effects of stimulant drugs on Rabbit’s intestine (Acetyl choline, Barium chloride).

9 To demonstrate the Para sympatholytic effect of Atropine on Frog‘s heart.

10 To demonstrate the effects of an unknown drug on Frog’s heart.

11 To demonstrate the effects of vasoconstrictor drugs on Frog’s blood vessels

12 To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Rabbit’s Eyes

13 To study the effects of Local Anesthetic drug (e.g. Cocaine) on Rabbit’s Eyes

14 To identify the unknown drug & differentiate its effects on Rabbit’s Eyes

15 To study the effects of Homatropine on Rabbit’s Eyes

ASSESSMENT SCHEME

Internal Assessment - 35% Mid Semester Examination - 25% Final Semester Examination - 40%

Note:-The above course outline covers all contents of the subject as prescribed by HEC and respective accreditation
Council.