Tenses
1.Simple Present tense (現在式)
-用於習慣(habits),事實(facts)
-(be)➔is/am/ are
-➔I/You/We/They 動詞不變
➔He/She/It動詞s/es/ies
-I/You/We/They do not+動詞不變
-He/ She / It does not+動詞不變
-(not be) is not / am not / are not
-Keyword:every day, every month, always, never....
2.Present Continuous Tense (現在進行式)
-用於正在發生中的動作(actions happening now)
-is/am/are+動詞ing
-Keyword : now, at present, at the moment, Look! ...
3.Simple Past tense (過去式)
-用於已經發生了的動作(actions happening in the past)
-(be)➔ was / were
-動詞大多+ed
-I/You/We/They/He/ She / It did not+ 動詞不變
-(not be) was not / were not
-Keyword: yesterday, last week, in the past...
4.Simple Future Tense (將來式)
-用於將會發生的動作(actions happening in the future)
-will+動詞不變
-Keyword: tomorrow, next month, soon…
5.Present Perfect Tense (現在完成式)
-The present perfect tense is used for:
*Actions that happened in the past, but we don't say when
E.g.I have caught a fish before.
*Actions which started in the past and continue to the present
E.g.She has lived in this house for two years.
*For an action which finished a short time ago
E.g.George has just fainted!
-(be)➔ has/have been
-I/You/We/They have+past participle
-He/She/It has+past participle
-I/You/We/They have not+past participle
-He/She/It has not+past participle
-Keyword:already,just,yet,for (一段時間),since (一個時間)
6.Past Continuous Tense(過去進行式)
-The past continuous tense is used for
*a past action going on when a shorter action took place.(when)
E.g.I was eating my dinner when the doorbell rang.
*two long actions happening at the same time in the past(while)
E.g.The children were listening carefully while their parents were talking about them.
過去簡單式(past simple tense)
【S + V-ed】
●表示過去發生的動作或狀態
Ex:I played tennis yesterday. (我昨天打網球)
I ate lunch. (我吃過中餐了)
It rained this morning. (今天早上有下雨)
I loved you (我過去是愛你的) => 但現在不愛了
He was a good man. (他過去是個好人)=>現在可能變壞了
●表示過去的習慣動作
Ex:I went to school by bike when I was a child. (我小時候都是騎車去上學的)
He took a walk every morning when he lived in the country.(當他住在鄉下時有每天散步的習
慣)
過去進行式(past continuous tense)
【S + was/were + V-ing】
●敘述在過去時間正在進行的動作。常與其它句子合用
Ex:I was playing tennis when you called. (你打給我的時候我正在打網球)
Jerry was taking a shower when his girlfriend came. (Jerry的女友去找他的時候,他正在洗澡)
When I saw her in the pub, It was playing this song. (我在pub看到她時正播著這首歌)
過去完成式(past perfect tense)
【S + had + p.p】
●過去完成式是不能單獨用的。我們用的時候,必須有另一個事件。也就是說,假如我們有兩件事 A
和 B,兩件事都發生在過去,但A發生在 B以前,A應該用過去完成式,B則用過去式。
Ex: He had studied Chinese before he came to Hong Kong. (他來香港以前,曾學過中文)
It had already snowed before Monday. (週一以前,已經下過 雪了)
He had worked before he decided to go to college. (他唸大學以前,曾經工作過)
●表示過去未實現的願望或計畫。
Ex:I had hoped to learn French. (我曾希望學習法文)
過去完成進行式(past perfect continuous tense)
【S + had been + V-ing】
●在兩個過去時間中強調較早發生事件的連續性。
Ex:He had been studying before he went to class. (在他來到班上前,已經很認真讀書了)=>強
調在他來到班上之前的這段時間
I had been seeing your mother before I was 14 years old. (我十四歲以前,就曾見過你的母親)
I had been sleeping before you called me. (我在你打電話給 我之前已經睡覺了)
現在簡單式(present simple tense)
【S + V】
●表現在發生的動作或狀態
Ex:Ihear the music. (我聽到音樂)
I am thirsty. (我很渴)
●表習慣性的動作或狀態
Ex:I play tennis. (我打網球) => 表示我有打網球的習慣
It rains often here. (這裡常下雨)
•表真理、事實或自然界的現象
Ex:Three points define a plane. (三點決定一個平面)
John loves July. (約翰愛茱莉)
The sun sets in the west. (太陽從西邊落下)
現在進行式(present continuous tense)
【S + V-ing】
●表示現在正在進行的動作
Ex:I am eating lunch. (我正在吃中餐)
I am playing tennis. (我正在打網球)
It is raining. (現在正在下雨)
John is loving July. (X)=> love 是一種狀態,不是一種動作,所以要用現在式
●表示在近期內即將發生的事情或計畫未來要做的事。
Ex:I am leaving here tomorrow. (我將在明天離開)
He is going to Hong Kong next week. (他將在下個禮拜去香港)
現在完成式(present perfect tense)
【S + have + p.p】
常和since、for、already、never、ever等字連用。
●表示發生在過去,而一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,這種句子後面常有since或for。
Ex: I have studied English since elementary school.
(我從小學開始學英文)=>現在還在學
I have played tennis since the second year university .
(我從大學二年級開始打網球)
●強調已經完成的事
Ex: have finished my work. (我已經做完我的工作了)
I have arranged my room. (我已經整理完房間了)
●表示一種經驗
Ex:I have been to America. (我曾到過美國)
I have seen President Lee. (我曾見過李總統)
I have worked in the nursing home. (我曾在養老院工作過)
Jessica has never watched a baseball game. (Jassica從未看過棒球比賽)
•表示一件過去常發生的事
Ex: We have already had three typhoons so far this year. ( 我國已經有三個颱風了)
He has already published two papers this year. (他今年已經發表了兩篇論文了)
It has already rained half a month. (已經下了半個月的雨了)
現在完成進行式(present perfect continuous tense)
【S + have been + V-ing】
●從調從過去到現在一直在進行某件事而沒有間斷
Ex:I have been living here since I was a child. (我從小就一直住在這裡)I have been working
here since I graduated from college.(我從大學畢業後就一直在這工作了)
He has been acting like a fool lately. (他最近一直在做傻事)
未來簡單式(future simple tense)
【S + will/shall + V】 【S + be going to + V】
●表事發生於未來的動作或狀態
Ex: I will go home tomorrow.
I am going to go home tomorrow. (我明天將要回家)
She will marry next year.
She is going to marry next year. (他明年要結婚了)
I shall be twenty years old next month. (我下個月就要20歲了)
●表示本人的意志時,助動詞皆用will
Ex:No matter what you say, I will go with you. (不管你說甚麼我 都將跟隨你)
He will join our team. (他將加入我們的隊伍)
未來進行式(future continuous tense)
【S + will/shall + be + V-ing】
●表示未來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。
Ex:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? (你明天的這個時候會做甚麼?)
We shall be building a new library next month. (我們下個月將正在蓋一棟新的圖書館)
●未來進行式的口氣會比未來簡單式婉轉客氣
Ex:When will you be seeing John? (你甚麼時候會見到John)
●可表原因,結果和可能
Ex: If you don't work hard, you will not be passing the exam. (若你不努力,你將沒辦法通過考
試)
未來完成式(future perfect tense)
【S + will/shall + have + p.p】
●表示在未來某時刻前已完成的動作或經驗,常與by引導表示未來時間的時間副詞片語連用
Ex:I shall have graduated by 2000.( 我將在2000年畢業)
I will have left army on April 24th (我將在四月24號退伍)
●敘述事情持續到未來某時,已經有若干時間
Ex: He will have worked here for three years by next month. (到下個月他就在這裡工作三年
了)
●表示推測現在
Ex:Mary will have received my letter now. (Mary現在應該收到我的信了)
未來完成進行式(future perfect continuous tense)
【S + will/shall + have+been + V-ing】
●表示在未來某時刻開始到未來的一段時間中一直進行,並可能持續進行
Ex:I will have been waiting 3 hours when the train arrives. (當火車到達時我將已等了3個小
時了)
