ANSWER KEY

Answer key

MODULE 1 1. a. Multigrain b. No added sugar c. Low fat

Vocabulary – Consumerism Do you get it?
1. Across: 1. consumer 2. salesperson 3. budget 1. a. grab b. packed c. artificial
4. sale 5. spend 2. a. NS b. F c. T d. NS
Down: 6. goods 7. purchase 8. bargain 9. marketing 3. Possible answers: 3.1 No, we don’t. They are too
10. afford complicated and most of the time we don’t really
2. a. marketing b. goods c. sale; spend d. afford understand them. 3.2 That can be important because
e. salesperson f. consumer; purchase g. bargain; they give us information about the products and
budget sometimes that information is not in agreement with
3. Personal answer what the slogan says.
LOL Possible answers: 1. He probably found out the
Vocabulary – Problems related to consumerism product had such unhealthy ingredients that eating
1. a. exploitation/slavery b. waste disposal c. negative the package sounded healthier. 2. We think it might.
body image d. overconsumption We don’t usually read food labels, or, when we read
2. Personal answer them, we don’t really understand them. Maybe it’s
important to read food labels more carefully.
Vocabulary – Quiz: Are you a wise consumer?
Personal answers Watching – Fair trade: institutional video
1. Possible answer: Yes, we have. Fair trade is trade
Reading – Confessions of a Shopaholic that respects workers and allows for a fair payment of
1. Personal answer their labour.
Do you get it? 2. a. improve the working and living conditions of
1. a. roughly b. tot up c. dotty d. humongous families in developing countries b. the minimum price
2. a. mix up at the bank b. my humongous bill c. a fair trade premium d. having a stable income
3. Possible answers: 3.1 Yes, I don’t pay much e. coffee, bananas, ice cream, rice, cocoa, sugar,
attention to money./No, money is very hard to earn. herbs, honey, dried fruit and nuts, fruit juices, tea,
3.2 I would check with the credit card company. wine, flowers, cotton and sports balls f. The power is
in your hands
Reading – Minimalism and shopping
1. Possible answer: Shopping with intention is buying Watching – Baroness Von Sketch Show
only what you really want. 1. Possible answers: 1.1 Yes. I once ordered a
Do you get it? beautiful sweater online and, when I got it, the
1. Possible answers: a. The act of buying special material was really bad and the colour was quite
things for yourself in order to feel better when you different from what I wanted. 1.2 Not really. People
are unhappy. b. Sometimes, but not regularly. know they can complain, but I don’t think they know
c. Become so excited about something that you do the legal procedures and the consumer support they
not control what you say or do. d. To carefully can have. 1.3 I think that, depending on the problem,
consider the possible results of doing something. we can complain, ask for a replacement, a repair, a
2. Possible answers: a. Stick to a list b. Not buy refund or compensation. We can also take legal
unnecessary/unwanted products c. Set a budget action if the company doesn’t offer us a solution.
d. Not to overspend e. Take a friend f. Help control 2. Possible answers: a. The woman seems to be
what you buy rehearsing something. She’s carrying a bag and seems
3. Possible answer: To emphasize the message she to be talking about it. b. She seems angry about
wants to convey. something. She keeps moving her arms and points
4. Reason #1: they loved it; her finger as if she were accusing or threatening
Reason #2: they wanted it; someone.
Reason #3: they had to have it. 3.1 a. T b. T c. F d. T e. F 3.2 b

Reading & Watching – Consumer rights: Q&A Watching – Food labelling: sketch video
1. a. Barry b. James c. Barry d. James e. Edilson 1.1 b
2. The right to the information the consumer got was 2. Possible answers: 2.1 If customers feel confused,
not accurate, so the good he received was not what they may buy more easily. 2.2 He means they are not
he had expected. really saying anything false, but they play with facts
or may present a variation of the truth.
Reading – What you see is what you get... or 3. Possible answers: 3.1 No, we don’t. We think
maybe not consumers want advertisers to be honest. No one

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enjoys being deceived and spending money on

useless things. 3.2 Yes. Sometimes it’s really difficult
to choose a product because there is too much Speaking – Analysing a graph
choice. Besides, labels can be suspicious and we don’t 2. Possible answers: 2.1 We can conclude that,
really know if we can really trust them. overall, the western world spends much more money
on luxury and pet products than on trying to address
Watching – Jessi Arrington’s TED talk world problems. 2.2 We think so. As consumers we
1.1 Possible answer: She must spend quite a lot of can always check the origin of our products and make
money on clothes. informed choices. We can also try to consume in a
2. Possible answer: No, I wasn’t. She says that she more balanced way, and we can always contribute to
buys second-hand clothes and that they are cheap. social causes.
2.1 Because she has to look for the specific types of
clothes she likes. Speaking – Debate on fair trade
3. a. F b. F c. NS d. T e. T f. NS Possible arguments:
4.1 Possible answer: Minimalism, because she Farmer:
doesn’t keep what she buys. • It is not fair that companies get all the profit from
LOL 1. She doesn’t buy new clothes, but she also your hard work.
doesn’t wear her clothes until they wear out. 2. The • You have to bear the expenses of growing and
penguin must buy a lot of new clothes. harvesting the beans.
• You have to sustain losses from bad weather
Watching – Broken: trailer conditions and natural plagues.
1.1 b, c, e 1.2 a. a fast buck b. pass the buck to c. • You have no governmental support.
gone through the roof • You need to cater for your family and make sure
2. Possible answers: a. We think it is true that people your children go to school.
want the latest trends for the lowest possible price • Supermarket owners should do their share by
and they don’t even think about why the price is so promoting fair trade products.
low. b. The fact that harmful substances have been • Consumers should realize that paying what is fair is
found in counterfeit products is evidence that we a matter of respect for those who work hard.
should be more aware of where the products we buy Manager:
come from and how they are produced. • Processing the product is much more expensive
3. Possible answers: 3.1 The question implies that the than growing it.
price is not really only what we pay for the product. It • The company needs to provide for their workers
is also connected to the consequences of our and their families too.
purchase. These consequences are not only • Chocolate produced in modern factories is of higher
environmental, but also social and health quality than fair trade chocolate.
consequences. 3.2 It is a lack of responsibility to just • Fair trade cooperatives do not succeed in helping
say we “are against” while you are promoting your workers who work for bigger farmers.
product on social media or movies. If the company • Cooperatives do not manage the money fairly.
was truly against the use of the product by minors, Supermarket owner:
they should try to enforce that. 3.3 I agree with the • People don’t care about fair trade; they just want
statement even though I think reversing the trend of cheaper products.
overconsumption is not easy. However, humankind is • Companies make huge profits while you have a very
ingenious, and, if we set our minds on changing small margin for profit.
things, I’m sure we will. We just have to be aware the • You need cheaper chocolate in order to sell more.
clock is ticking. • Companies need to support smaller, family
businesses.
Watching & Writing – Broken: summary Consumer:
1. a. easy money b. fast furniture c. counterfeits • There is no information available on fair trade; it
d. plastic e. responsible/accountable f. a price tag may even be a scheme.
2. Possible answer: The trailer is from the series • The products you find are really too expensive.
Broken, which is about the consumer society and the • The quality doesn’t seem any different.
importance people give to making easy money
without thinking about consequences. Either by
producing fast furniture, counterfeits or plastic, the MODULE 2
trailer shows there is no concern for consumers or for Vocabulary – Environment: collocations, idioms
the environment. The trailer also shows the industry and proverbs
wants consumers to be the only ones responsible for 1.1 Possible answer: It is everyone’s duty to protect
solving the problems. According to the trailer, a low the aquatic environment. The natural environment is
price always comes with a heavy price tag.

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being destroyed at an alarming rate. Industrial 2. Possible answers: 2.1 Yes, we do, because
activities are affecting the coastal environment. technology will make them possible. 2.2 Not really,
2.1 b. rising sea levels/floods c. waste d. air pollution because they can have many unexpected
e. biodiversity loss/animal extinction/endangered consequences for us, humans.
species/overfishing f. drought/water pollution
g. water pollution h. melting sea ice 2.2 b. A rising Watching – Biohackers: trailer
tide lifts all boats – a strong economy benefits 1. Possible answer: The series seems to be about
businesses and individuals at all levels. scientific experiments that may be dangerous and
c. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure – what that may be connected to genetic engineering.
one person may consider worthless could be highly 2. Possible answers: a. human beings to become
prized or valued by someone else. d. When it rains, it creators b. the future of mankind c. a genetic
pours – when something good or bad happens, engineering experiment with a fluorescent protein
similarly good or bad things tend to follow. e. There gene d. have the responsibility for creating the world
are plenty more fish in the sea – there are many of the future
other excellent or more suitable people, things, 3. Possible answer: If we consider the latest scientific
opportunities or possibilities in the world that one breakthroughs, we have to agree with the statement
may find. f. Save/Keep money for a rainy day – that scientists are the creators of tomorrow.
save/keep money for a time when it might be needed Nowadays, science can change the makeup of living
unexpectedly. g. You can lead a horse to water, but things, which means it can alter living beings and
you can’t make him drink – you can give someone an transform the world.
advantage or provide them with an opportunity, but 4. Possible answers: 4.1 I don’t think so. Changing
you can’t force them to do something if they don’t our bodies like this, sometimes with no supervision,
want to. h. Be/Skate/Walk on thin ice – be engaged in should not be allowed. The consequences may be
some activity or behaviour that is very risky, terrible and irreversible. 4.2 Some may be useful.
dangerous or likely to cause a lot of trouble. For example, we will not need our car keys again.
(https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com;
https://dictionary.cambridge.org; accessed in August 2021) Speaking – Anthropocene: sharing ideas
LOL 1. people’s ignorance and denial of climate 1. Possible answer: It is an unofficial unit of geologic
change 2. people’s complete disregard for the time, used to describe the most recent period in
dramatic effects climate change has on life on Earth. Earth’s history when human activity started to have a
significant impact on the planet’s climate and
Reading – Climate change and human rights ecosystems.
1. Possible answer: Humans cannot fully enjoy their (https://www.nationalgeographic.org; accessed in August
rights when they are affected by, for example, 2021)
extreme weather events, such as droughts or floods. 2. Possible answer: The quote says the elements are
Do you get it? interconnected as imbalanced elements cause chain
1. a. integral b. pervasive c. sudden-onset reactions in others. The pictures show how the
d. livelihoods e. instances human element has unevenly impacted the others,
2. Possible answers: a. a clean, healthy and triggering those chain reactions.
functional environment b. being largely and
pervasively threatened by climate change c. the Speaking – The story of climate change
ecosystems, natural resources and physical Possible answer:
infrastructure Good morning and welcome, Mr Guterres and class.
d. merely an abstract, future possibility I’m going to tell you the story of climate change –
e. hydroelectric and biofuel projects and the some of its causes and consequences.
implementation of resettlement programmes It all began in the 19th century, when human activity
3. Possible answers: 3.1 Apart from the right to life, started influencing the climate due to the emission of
for obvious reasons, the right to clean water and food greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Carbon
because, without these, no one can survive. 3.2 The dioxide, for example, continues to rise every month,
right to an adequate standard of living because all the which leads to a rapid increase of the Earth’s
others are necessary to human survival and this isn’t. temperature, and there are many consequences of
this process.
Watching – A New Era for Humankind: video The first I’d like to tell you about is melting sea ice,
1. Possible answer: The video is about important which contributes to rising sea levels and further
social changes that will happen in the future due to global warming because it fails to keep the whole
technology. Earth cool.
Do you get it? Next, we have floods, which are a result of both rising
1. a. F b. T c. NS d. NS e. T f. F g. F h. T sea levels and extreme weather events.

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Then, we have the Amazon rainforest, which is now 3. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 1

emitting a greater amount of carbon dioxide than it is 4. Personal answer
absorbing, and this is the result of large-scale
deforestation and climate change. Listening & Speaking – Minority groups
Moreover, forests are also affected by wildfires, 1.1 a. Romania b. 12 c. studying and working
which further contribute to deforestation and the conditions d. the language e. 8 f. stay in the UK and
warming of our planet. go to university g. diversity of cultural activities h.
Last, but not least, in the face of climate change, the missed her family i. Kenya j. travelling the world k.
poor don’t have money to adapt to the changes in amazing diversity l. feeling different 1.2 Lídia
lifestyle and living conditions. 2./3. Personal answers
All in all, it began almost two centuries ago, but
climate change affects life around the globe more Watching & Speaking – Perpetual Motion: video
and more every day. 1. Personal answer
Thank you for listening. 3. Possible answers: 3.1 Our fixed ideas. 3.2 They
stop us from moving on. 3.3 To keep moving,
Writing – Abstract exploring and searching.
1. a. online survey b. social distance c. potential 4. Possible answers: 4.1 I would say he thinks they
donors d. fundraising campaigns e. funding gap are not justifiable because stereotypes are fixed and
f. climate change g. opposite direction preconceived ideas we have, without knowing the
2. Section 3. people or realities they refer to. 4.2 I think he means
3. a. 3 b. 1 c. 4 d. 2 that, just like electrons, we move in a vacuum, but we
are all connected and part of a bigger thing. 4.3 They
both emphasize the importance of movement and of
MODULE 3 change.
Vocabulary – Feelings 5. Personal answer
1. a. anger b. fear c. happiness d. sadness e. surprise
2. a. 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 b. 2, 1, 5, 3, 4 c. 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 Reading & Writing – American Born Chinese:
d. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 e. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 graphic novel
3. a. fear b. anger c. happiness d. fear e. sadness 1. Possible answers: 1.1 People think just because a
f. anger g. sadness h. surprise person is Asian, they have just arrived from China.
4. Personal answer Another criticism is that people have pre-conceived
ideas about other cultures and assume they give up
Reading – Home: poem their heritage when they are migrants. 1.2 I think he
1.1 Possible answer: It may be about refugees may feel embarrassed. He probably feels he doesn’t
because the information refers to a “deportation fit in.
centre” and we know the writer’s parents are from 2. Personal answer
Somalia, a country with a long tradition of war.
Do you get it?
1.1 The voices of the migrant running from war. MODULE 4
1.2 To emphasize the fact that people don’t leave Vocabulary – Phrasal verbs and idioms
their home unless it is really necessary. Sometimes 1. a. 1 b. 4 c. 3 d. 5 e. 2
people in Europe refer to refuges as if they leave 2. a. started out b. ran into c. has recently got into
because they want to and as if the crisis they are d. am taking up e. hold on
running away from is not true. The poet wants to 3. a. put pen to paper b. got my feet under the table
highlight the fact that this is not so. 1.3 It symbolizes c. Jane is in her boss’s bad books d. knuckled under
death. to his manager e. pulls his weight

Reading – The world’s coolest nationalities: where Reading – School-to-work pathways

do you rank? 1.1/1.2 a. Part-time work at a clothes shop b. Heavily
1.1/1.2 Personal answers 1.3 French, German, involved in music; spent school holidays helping in
Portuguese, American, English, Australian family accounting business c. Year 10 d. Year 12 e.
1.4/1.5 Personal answers Continued working in the same kitchen; targeted
Do you get it? employment in specific restaurants to specialize in
1. a. 2 b. 5 c. 3 d. 1 e. 4 Asian cuisine f. Decorated and made cakes for fun;
2. a. He means that we need to disregard Turkish part-time work decorating and making cakes g.
bathrooms and moustaches when considering their Bachelor of Visual Arts h. Bachelor of Business
“coolness”. b. He means that, apart from Jamaicans, (Accounting and Finance); began Chartered
when people wear dreadlocks, they don’t really look Accountant programme i. Sous chef; head chef
cool. j. Full-time work in a French patisserie decorating

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cakes; promoted to assistant pastry chef k. 2.1. Possible answer: The author wants to break free
Owner/Operator of a food truck l. Certificates III and from the chains of work. 2.2 Personal answer.
IV in Patisserie m. Deferred Chartered Accountant 2.3 Possible answers: a. The author is working so
programme; Certificate III in Asian Cookery hard that there’s no time left to do anything else but
2. Possible answer: Alternative route number 2 work. b. The author doesn’t have free time to meet
because of the interest in music. people face to face.
3. Personal answers. 3. Personal answer.
4. Possible answers: Advantages: Question and
explore options; research all the possibilities. Watching & Speaking – The future world of
Disadvantages: The more options we have, the more work
difficult it is to make a decision; having to do so much 2. Possible answers: 2.1 Losing jobs to machines
research makes career planning more complex than because it is already happening. 2.2 Yes, I do, because
what it already is. 4.1 Possible answer: Advantages they complement each other. 2.3 Cyborg psychologist
because there are more advantages than because I think cyborgs will find it hard to accept their
disadvantages. bodies as one.
3. Personal answer.
Reading & Writing – Jobs of the future
1. a. Biofilm plumber b. Robot ethicist c. Offworld Watching – One small step
habitat designer 1. Possible answers: 1.1 Definitely yes. Setting foot
Do you get it? on the moon meant many years of effort had paid off.
1. a. logic b. biofilm plumbers c. ecological and It was the climax of one of the most important
architectural skills and understandings d. off-world scientific breakthroughs of humankind. 1.2 No, I
habitat designers haven’t. My dream job is becoming a marine
2. a. weaponization b. breakdown c. development biologist.
3. Personal answer. 2. Possible answers: a. We made it! b. Because many
4. The author wants to give us the idea that this is people don’t believe what they see on the TV. They
a text written in the future. have to see for themselves. In this particular case,
5. Possible answer: Biofilm plumbers because there many people believed that the USA lacked the
will be a serious waste problem in the future. technical capability to go to the moon (or at least to
6./7. Personal answers. the moon and back). c. It is very important because
we may need to relocate if the Earth ever becomes
Listening & Writing – Work: song uninhabitable.
1. a. happy b. work c. dawn d. time e. alone f. sun 3. 3.1 b 3.2 a 3.3 c 3.4 a
g. shade h. monster i. happy j. work k. work

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