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Summary of module 3: Creative, Inventive
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I- Inventions related words:
To create (v) ﺧﻠﻖcreation (n) creative (adj) creator (P) اﻟﺧﺎﻟﻖ
Creature (P) اﻟﻣﺧﻠوق
To invent (v) اﺧﺗرعinvention (n) inventive (adj) inventor (P) ﻣﺧﺗرع
To discover (v) اﻛﺗﺷفdiscovery (n)
To conceive(v)= to devise (v)=to find a new idea اﺑﺗﻛر
To co-exist (v) co-existence (n) اﻟﺗواﺟد ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻣﻛﺎن أو اﻟﺣﻘﺑﺔ اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ
Apparatus=machine (n) آﻟﺔ
Genius ﻋﺑﻘري
Inspiration اﻟﮭﺎم
Perspiration اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﺎد
To fancy=to imagine (n) ﺗﺧﯾل
To scheme=to plan (v) ﺧطط
A scheme=a plan (n) ﻣﺧطط
To take something for granted اﻋﺗﺑر ﺷﯾﺋﺎ ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎ
Attachment (send a file by attachment)
Browse (v) ﻗرأ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺎتbrowser(n)
Download (v) ﺣﻣل
FAQ’s (Frequently Asked Questions) اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ اﻷﻛﺛر ﺷﯾوﻋﺎ
Hypertext
ICT (Information Communication Technologies)
Emoticon (smiley)
Netiquette (the etiquette on the net) أﺧﻼﻗﯾﺎت اﻟﻧﺎت
Portal (e.g : yahoo) ﺑواﺑﺔ اﻟﻛﺗروﻧﯾﺔ
Search engine : (e.g : Google) ﻣﺣرك ﺑﺣث
II- Interviewing the father of the play station:
Eagerness=enthusiasm (n) اﻟﺣﻣﺎس
Eager=enthusiastic (adj) ﻣﺗﺣﻣس
Accustomed to=used to ﻣﻌﺗﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ
Interviewer اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺄل# Interviewee (اﻟذي ﯾﺟﯾبP)
Via=through=by means of ﻋﺑر
To release=to launch (v) أطﻠﻖ
To envision (v)=to imagine a future situation.ﺗﺻور
Interact=communicate (v) ﺗﺧﺎطب
Interaction=communication (n)
Interactive=communicative (adj)
Dedicated to=devoted to ﻣﻛرس ﻟﺷﺊ ﻣﺎ
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Summary of module 3: Creative, Inventive
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May be=perhaps=probably رﺑﻣﺎ
To delay=to put off=to postpone (v) أﺟل
Giant(adj)=huge, very big ﺿﺧم
To be/to become/to get + accustomed to+Verb+ing
Used to
Devoted to
Dedicated to
III- Prize Winners:
Reward=praise ﻛﺎﻓﺊ \ ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺄة
Award=prize ﺟﺎﺋزة
To honour (v) ﻛرمan honour (n) ﺗﻛرﯾم
To better=to improve=to ameliorate (v) ﺣﺳن
Betterment=improvement=amelioration (n) ﺗﺣﺳﯾن
Regardless of ﺑﻐض اﻟﻧظرtheir different backgrounds ﺧﻠﻔﯾﺎت ﺛﻘﺎﻓﯾﺔ و دﯾﻧﯾﺔ
To deserve a prize=to merit a prize اﺳﺗﺣﻖ ﺟﺎﺋزة
To win (v) رﺑﺢwon (s.p) won (p.p)
Prestige (n) prestigious (adj)
In recognition of اﻋﺗراﻓﺎ بtheir talents ﻣواھﺑﮭمand contributions ﻣﺳﺎھﻣﺎﺗﮭم
This medal is a tribute to ﻋرﺑونthis woman
Outstanding ﻣﻣﺗﺎزachievement = اﻧﺟﺎزexcellent achievement
Gift=talent (n) ﻣوھﺑﺔ
Gifted=talented(adj) ﻣوھوب
To name someone after someone else ﺳﻣﻰ ﺷﺧﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳم ﺟده ﻣﺛﻼ
Alfred Nobel (a scientist ﻋﺎﻟم/an inventor ﻣﺧﺗرع/an entrepreneur رﺟل أﻋﻣﺎل/ an author ﻛﺎﺗب/
a pacifist ) ﻣﺳﺎﻟم و ﻣﺳﺎھم ﻓﻲ ﺣل اﻟﻧزاﻋﺎت
To write ﻛﺗبa will وﺻﯾﺔ
To found (v) أﺳس \أﻧﺷﺄfounded (s.p) founded (p.p)
To find (v) وﺟدfound (s.p) found (p.p)
Ingredients ﻣﻛوﻧﺎتof success اﻟﻧﺟﺎح: courage (n) اﻟﺷﺟﺎﻋﺔcourageous (adj)
Passion (n) اﻟﺣبpassionate (adj)
Determination(n) اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾمdetermined (adj)
Perseverance (n) اﻟﻣﺛﺎﺑرةperseverant (adj)
Self-confidence(n) اﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻔسself-confident (adj)
Commitment (n) اﻻﻟﺗزامcommitted (adj)
Dedication (n) اﻟﺗﻛرﯾس وﺗﺧﺻﯾص اﻟوﻗت ﻟﺷﺊ واﺣدdedicated (adj)
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Summary of module 3: Creative, Inventive
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IV- The Brain Drain: ھﺟرة أﻷدﻣﻐﺔ
Definition: The brain drain is the movement of highly-skilled ذوي اﻟﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔand qualified
ذوي اﻟﺷﮭﺎﺋد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔpeople from developing اﻟﻣﺗﺧﻠﻔﺔcountries اﻟﺑﻠدانto developed اﻟﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ
countries اﻟﺑﻠدانin order to ﻟﻛﻲearn ﯾﺣﺻلmore money. ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎل أﻛﺛر
To migrate (v) ﯾﮭﺎﺟر ﻋﺎدة داﺧل اﻟﺑﻠد اﻟواﺣدmigrant (P) ﻣﮭﺎﺟرmigration (n) ھﺟرة
To emigrate (v) ھﺎﺟر ﻣنemigrant (P) emigration (n)
To immigrate (v) ھﺎﺟر اﻟﻰimmigrant (P) immigration (n)
Brain drain is a controversial (=contentious) ﻣﺣل ﺟدلissue.
Disadvantages of brain drain ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎت Advantages of brain drain اﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺎت
*There will be no economic growth ﻻ ﻧﻣو *Because demographic
اﻗﺗﺻﺎديin the developing اﻟﻣﺗﺧﻠﻔﺔcountries اﻟدﯾﻣﻐراﻓﯾﺔtrends اﻟﺗﯾﺎراتcreate a high demand
if اذاa large number of its highly- for certain forms of labor in the developed
educated اﻟﻧﺧﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺛﻘﻔﺔpeople leave ﺗرﻛواthe world ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﻠدان اﻟﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ ھﻧﺎك ﻧﻘص ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﺑﺎب أي ﻓﻲ
country. That’s why ﻟﮭذاthere must be ﯾﺟب اﻟﯾد اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻛن ھﻧﺎك ﻣواطن ﺷﻐل ﻛﺛﯾرةand a high
وﺟودmeasures اﺟراءاتto offset ﻟﺗﻌوﯾضthe supply of that labor in developing
existing اﻟﻣﺗواﺟدةincentives اﻻﻏراءاتfor countries ھﻧﺎك اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﺷﺑﺎب ﻟﻛن ﻧﻘص ﻓﻲ ﻣواطن
highly educated people to اﻟﺷﻐل, the brain drain solves ﯾﺣل
emigrate.اﻟﻣﺷﺟﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﺟرة partially ﺟزﺋﯾﺎthe problem of the
unemployment ﻣﺷﻛل اﻟﺑطﺎﻟﺔin the developing
countries. ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﻠدان اﻟﻣﺗﺧﻠﻔﺔ
*Developing nations can enjoy the
economic network benefits \اﻟﻧﻘود اﻟﻣرﺳﻠﺔ
اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔthat their expatriates اﻟﻣواطن
ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺎرجsend home
The Reverse Brain Drain: ھﺟرة اﻷدﻣﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﻛﺳﯾﺔ
This phenomenon happens when emigrants work for years then come back home
again. (homeland=native country )اﻟﺑﻠد اﻷم
Africans usually swim against the brain drain tide. ﯾﺳﺑﺣون ﻋﻛس اﻟﺗﯾﺎر
Advantages of the reverse brain drain:
*Africans are bringing their expertise =( ﻣﮭﺎراتskills), talent ﻣواھبand hopes آﻣﺎلto
their continent. ﻻﻟﻘﺎرة اﻻﻓرﯾﻘﯾﺔ
*Returning African emigrants اﻟﻣﮭﺎﺟرون اﻟﻌﺎﺋدونare filling key positions ﻣﻧﺎﺻب ﻋﻠﯾﺎin
government ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔand business.اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد
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Summary of module 3: Creative, Inventive
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*The reverse brain drain is gathering pace =(ﯾزﯾدincreasing) and will sow ﯾزرعthe
seeds ﺑذورof a broader economic revival ( اﻻﻧﺗﻌﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔn) (=economic
recovery(n)). To revive=to recover (v) ﯾﻧﻌش\ﯾﺣﯾﻲ
V- Scientists’ achievements: إﻧﺟﺎزات اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء
Ahmed H. Zewail James Hillier
*He invented the electron microscope
*He invented a rapid laser technique that (the old one is called optical
shows ﺗظﮭرthe molecules inside the microscope)
atoms during chemical reactions ﺧﻼل *It magnifies ﯾﻛﺑرobjects 7000 times their
اﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ. actual size ﺣﺟﻣﮭم اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ.
*To pioneer (v) اﺑﺗﻛرpioneering (adj) *to magnify (v) magnification (n)
*To investigate (v) investigation (n) ﺑﺣث *to enable (v) ﯾﻣﻛن ﻣنable ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ
*A revolution (n) ﺛورةrevolutionary (adj) (adj)#unable(adj) ﻏﯾر ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ
*Femtochemistry / femtosecond ﺟزء ﺻﻐﯾر *scholarship=grant (n) ﻣﻧﺣﺔ
ﻣن اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ *to credit someone/something for
*Slow motion ﺣرﻛﺔ ﺑطﯾﺋﺔ something ﺗﺳﻧد ﻟﮫ اﻟﺣﻖ
*Replay اﻋﺎدة ﺗﺷﻐﯾل
*To reach وﺻلthe end of the road اﻟﻰ آﺧر
اﻟطرﯾﻖ
*to monitor= to control (v) ﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ\ ﯾﻘود
VI-Women اﻟﻧﺳﺎءchoose ﺗﺧﺗﺎر أنto opt out:
*to opt out(v) opting out (n) اﻟﺧروج ﻣن اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت اﻟﻛﺑرى ﻟﺑﻌث ﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
Definition: Opting out the latest catch phrase ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺗﻛررةwithin corporate circles اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت
اﻟﻛﺑرى- describes ﺗﺻفthe growing trend اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺗﺻﺎﻋدof leaving corporate positions ﻟﺗرك
اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺻب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷرﻛﺎتfor alternative career paths اﻟﺑﺣث ﻋن طرق ﻋﻣل ﺑدﯾﻠﺔ.
Why opting out?
*Women like to gain رﺑﺢmore freedom أﻛﺛر ﺣرﯾﺔand time flexibility ﻣروﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻗت,
recognition of their efforts and contributions اﻋﺗراف ﺑﻣﺟﮭوداﺗﮭم, money ﻣﺎل, opportunities for
professional growth ﻓرص ﻻﻟﺗطور اﻟﻣﮭﻧﻲand other rewards. و ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺄت أﺧرى
-restrictive glass-ceiling issues=obstracles. ﻋراﻗﯾل
-at the expense of ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳﺎب
-valued ﻣﻘدر \ ﯾﻌﺗﺑر ﻣﮭﻣﺎ
-hold someone accountable ﻣﺳؤولfor (=responsible for) something
-leader (P) ﻗﺎﺋدleadership (n)ﻗﯾﺎدة
-entrepreneur (P) =( رﺟل أﻋﻣﺎلbusinessman) /entrepreneurship (n)=business(n)
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Summary of module 3: Creative, Inventive
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Summary of module 3: Creative, Inventive
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