MCA MONTESSORI SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THE FACTORS AFFECTING TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF GRADE 11

HOME ECONOMICS STUDENTS

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School of
MCA Montessori School

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 1

by

11-MUSTARD

May 2024

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Home Economics strand is one of the specialized subjects under the

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track. It offers various specializations in

agriculture, electronics, and food business and helps to guide and prepare you

for job-ready and practical skills that you need. Thus this strand requires an

effective time management skills to achieve a balance in maintaining your

academics, enhancing your practicality skills, and still have time for your

personal and social life.

The term “time management” became familiar in the 1950’s and

1960’s as referring to a tool to help managers make better use of available

time (S N A M Razali1 , M S Rusiman1 , W S Gan1 ,N Abrin).Using your time

wisely is an important and critical skill one must learn. It is an ability that takes

practice and discipline making sure that you do not waste your time and do

things productively. The concept of time management comes from Frederick

Winslow Taylor for early analysis of motion and time studies of workers with

purpose to reduce unproductive work tasks and time-wasting (S N A M

Razali1, M S Rusiman1, W S Gan1, N Abrin).Unproductive work task and time

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wasting has been common among high school and college students because

instead of doing their homework or assignments they engage in activities such

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as scrolling through social media, playing mobile games, watching movies and

series that causes them to lose track of time. Studies and articles have said

that these lead to poor time management skills and procrastination. However,

procrastination may not be the only cause of this phenomena to further

investigate this we conducted this paper to distinguish what are the factors

that affect students time management specifically among Grade 11 students in

the Home Economic strand.

The home economic strand requires an effective time management

skills as they not only need to focus on their academics but they also need to

improve their practicality skills. It does not only revolve around studying as

students also have to learn about food business, practicality and other

curricular activities that is related to home economics. The skills that they

learn is as important as their academics as they can use the skills they learned

and apply it in work.

For these particular reasons finding out the factors that is affecting the

student’s ability to manage its time is crucial or important. Making good use of

time puts our lives in balance or helps us identify the source of the imbalance

(DEMIRDAĞ1, 2021). Maintaining, balance, having control, and effectively use

of time can help the students work easier and reduce pending tasks.

This study aims to know and clarify what really are the factors that
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affect the students time management specifically grade 11 home economics

strand and what is the reason why this factor affected them to waste their
 MCA MONTESSORI SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

time. To further investigate this, we will conduct a survey and interview with

our respondents specifically chosen and only limited to grade 11 students in

the home economics strand and analyze each of their answers objectively.

The findings we expect are the factors that affect the students time

management skills and the reason why it affects them and these results can

inform and clarify the students as to what really is the cause of their poor and

ineffective time management skills.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A visual metaphor for deciding what is and is not useful is the pickle jar theory.

It aids in helping you prioritize your daily activities and schedule your time so

that you have extra time rather than not enough hours in the day. reduce the

unimportant so as not to waste time on important tasks (Jeremy Wright). Self-

Determination Theory states that both internal and external factors can

motivate people. This article directly focused on the effects of time

management on work-life and study-life balance Students who have an innate

desire to excel academically may be better at managing their time so they can

prioritize their work and study more productively. On the other hand, people

who lack motivation could have trouble delaying and managing their time

poorly (Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, 2015). According to the Technology

Acceptance Model, people's perceptions of the utility and usability of

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technology have an impact on their adoption and use of it. Technology can
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help students manage their time more effectively or cause problems. While

excessive use of social media and entertainment can undermine time

management skills, effective use of productivity tools and educational

resources can improve them (Neil Charness, Walter R. Boot). This research

mainly aims to verify the key factors that can affect learning management

systems. According to GEORGE ACQUAH Out (2018) the main reason that

the some of student is sometimes difficult to manage their time is because

they are involved in dating and engaging in parties. sudents’ struggles with

time management can also be attributed to other factors like mental issue

such a Anxiety disorder because of that they struggle with their schoolwork so

they struggle to balance their time (MAA Strydom, PJ Pretorius, G Joubert,

2012), psychometric is one of the main reasons (Rafael, Francisco, and

Eugenia). difficulties are those that give problems to students so they get stuck

at work, students also experience problems outside of school and others are

too busy and they maximize the time they have to work while studying or

called Working students (Nico Accion, 2019) Being a working student is

difficult because you need to give 100% to your work and at the same time to

your studies, mental and physical fatigue becomes an obstacle, so the

situation is difficult for Grade 11 students (Coral 2020). We spend our time on

important, less important, and unimportant things every day.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this study we will focus on determining the factors that affect the students

time management skills in Grade 11 Home Economics Strand. By doing so we

will be able to identify the factors that affect these phenomena.

The researchers will then conduct a survey and interview on the selected

respondents specifically chosen from the grade 11 home economics strand.

The responses of the subjects/respondents will then be carefully analyzed and

sorted to complete the data/information/statement.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Individual Factors Analysis of data Reduce time
Phone Addiction through: wasting
Procrastination Questionnaires & Knowing the
Working students surveys factors affecting
Social media Interviews time management
addiction Knowing the
Task Prioritization cause of poor time
Extracurricular management
Activities

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To address this problem, this study aims to explain the Factors

Affecting Time Management Skills of Grade 11 Home Economics students to

assess awareness and use time management strategies to plan and manage

daily life tasks. Specifically, the study aims to identify the same factors that

influence students' ability to effectively manage their time, such as personal

habits, academic workload, extracurricular activities, family responsibilities,

and technological distractions.

1. What are the factors that affect student’s time management?

2. As a home economic student, how crucial is time management?

3.Why is it important to have an effective use of time for students to achieve

their goals?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The aim of the current research is to determine the factors that affect

time management skills of the Grade 11 home economics students at MCA

Montessori School. The study will focus on how Grade 11 students can

manage their time as a home economic student. The fear of not being able to

finish assigned tasks within the stipulated timeframes is a

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common concern among learners. Our study aims to find out what these

factors are whether it may be positive nor negative. Time management is a vital

component for MCA students and serves as a fundamental for achieving

superior academic success.

This study focuses on the factors that influence time management

skills among Grade 11 Students at MCA Montessori School during the

academic year 2023-2024. The researchers aimed to give recommendations

lessen the factors affecting time management of students such as allocating

dedicated study time setting achievable goals and minimizing time wasted on

productive activities. The study will only focus on the factors that may possibly

affect the students time management in a good or bad way. Managing time

has been shown to have a major influence on academic performances.

Students can improve their time management skills by knowing what is the

cause of it which is the one that is discussed in this paper.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will benefit the following people:

Students: This study will benefit the students by helping them develop
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time management skills, along with other vital abilities such as leadership,

manners, respect for diversity, integrity, and soft skills.

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Teachers: Teachers can use the findings of the study to understand

and the challenges faced by students in managing their time and develop

strategies to help them improve their time management skills.

Parents: Through this study the parents will know if their

son/daughter is be able to manage their time effectively. Parents can help by

teaching their children time management techniques, such as creating to-do

lists, setting priorities, and using time-saving strategies.

Administrators: School Administrator can use this study findings to

develop time management strategies such as delegation of authorities, setting

clear priorities, and managing distractors.

Future Researchers: Through this study, future researchers will help

them determine that effective time management is crucial for academic

success and personal well-being, particularly among Grade 11 Home

Economics students who juggle various academic and non-academic

responsibilities.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Critical Skill – an ability to manage time critically and an important behavior to

develop to master time management.

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Factors – an experience or situation that may affect the student’s productivity.

Home economics - study that provides a variety of specialization that teach for

livelihood.

Job-Ready Skills – ability that is developed through experiences.

Phenomena - an event or happening.

Practical Skills – an ability that is learned through your family and peers

influence.

Procrastination – according to Merriam Webster dictionary” to put off

intentionally the doing of something that should be done.

Specialized Subject – subject focused on a certain major (ex. Home

Economics – Cookery).

Stipulated Timeframe - refer to a predetermined time that was planned to do a

task.

Time Management - a method of arranging time for set learning and task.

in that certain period.

Time Wasting- not using time efficiently or doing unnecessary works instead of

the important ones.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

SYNTHESIS

Time management has a ton of definitions according to literatures and articles.

Time is a priceless resource and continues to pass by without coming back

(Razali et al., 2018). In this chapter we will be discussing related studies

through articles and journals that is related to our research.

Time cannot be purchased, change, or stored. Individuals can easily succeed

in life if they manage their time effectively and recognize the importance of

efficient planning (Yoseph,2022). This thesis also showed significant

similarities in our study as it also discussed about the factors affecting time

management of undergraduate students. The result showed that 2 of the main

problems that is the cause of poor time management are transportation due to

traffic and students will be late causing this to stress them out and lose track of

their time. Another factor is the social media addiction students spend most of

their time scrolling through websites and chatting with their friends which

caused them to procrastinate.

Procrastination has been proven to be common among all levels of education

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from adults to students and even at work. The idea of procrastination is that

believing that they can finish a certain task in a short amount of time or hours
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before the deadline. With students having control of their time, although is

guided by a checklist, they tend to somehow fail in following their

constructed “to-do-list” due to factors including weakening of focus and

distraction from external environment (Paguio,2018).

The factors that strongly affect the study habits of Grade 11 students are home

environment, peer pressure and social media addiction, work and financial

instability and family stress (Salcedo,2019).These are the external factors that

influenced and affect students time management. These results showed that

the external factors greatly contributed to the poor time management skills of

the students. They tend to think a lot about what other people think and how

other people will see them as a person thus causing this for student to be

greatly affected by the external factors.

Students need to make use of the time well to follow the study programs, get

ready for exams in a systematic way, participate various extracurricular

courses, and for other social activities (Gayef, Tapan, Sur,2017).In

conclusion to their study they stated that students should manage their time

wisely and increase their awareness of time by planning and thinking

thoroughly prioritizing the task that needs to be done. By planning and using

time wisely students academics will also be affected in either good or bad way.

Time management is very important for student's performances and

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achievements. It is a skill that enables students to use their time productively

and efficiently (Briones et al.,2019).The study found out that students who have
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poor time management always have difficulty of finishing their task by

continually postponing it greatly affecting their academic performance. On the

other hand it also showed that individual factors such as students attending

academic-related activities ,always present and active in classes often get

good marks.

The students’ performance is purely based on their efforts and on their own

self-management. However, it cannot be agreed that the wastage of time on

various things will not hinder their studies. Thus, it becomes the

responsibility of the students to manage their time, for which they should make

their own plans (Alani et al.,2020).This result showed that poor time

management could affect the students academic.

A study from Bato National High School in Cebu City in the paper they stated

that working students while doing their academic activities specifically math

they can moderately practice time management while solving problems as

given the nature of subjects like math they need to solve the problem by the

given time of the teacher.

A similar foreign article also stated about the impact of time management to

students academic achievement. According to the results and conclusion time

management behaviors were significantly related to academic achievements of

the student (S N A M Razali et al.,2018). These study can be also related to the
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study of (Alyami et al.,2021) titled Impact of Time-Management on the

Student’s Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study they concluded

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that students who plan and manage their time get high grades and a

satisfactory academic performance while those who do not manage and waste

their time getting distracted by external factors tend to have average or failing

grade.

Furthermore a local study from Bestlink College of the Philippines also

conducted a research about the connection of time management to academic

achievement and what factors and solution do we need for students to manage

their time .The result stated that subsequent discussions forwarded by the two

groups of respondents are as follows: attendance classes, do the most

important task first, and do the task as early as possible (Cabales et

al.,2020).These are the individual factors which students must follow in order to

establish a good time management and avoid time wasting.

This paper has reviewed literatures related to factors affecting time

management, identifying what those factors are, and time management and its

relation to the students academic performance. What emerged from the

evaluation of the literatures are the factors that affect the students time

management either these are internal or external factors studies also showed

the connection between time management and academic performance of

students. While the studies showed various similarities among the results

which showed the positive connection of academic performance to academic

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achievement of student and the external factors that affect the students further

research could be conducted to investigate possible external factors among

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high school students in specific strand and further explanation to help students

understand and let them be aware of what factors affect their time

management and what can be the best possible solution to those problems.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The approach we used is qualitative research specifically a phenomenology

study. We used qualitative approach in our study to determine the factors that

affects the students time management. This method can help us delve deeper

and understand these factors as we further do the research. It can also help us

explain our findings in a precise and detailed manner. The use of

phenomenology research will help us to determine the common factors that

affect the students time management.

DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS

The respondents for our study are Grade 11 Home Economics students from

MCA Montessori School. We used a non-probability sampling method called

convenience sampling wherein we select students that are available and

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accessible for us. This method helps us save time and also for the respondents

as we only select students that are free and available for our respondents, it is
 MCA MONTESSORI SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

also the most appropriate method as HE students have conflicting schedule

with classes.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers will conduct an interview and a written questionnaire survey.

By using interview we can ask a follow up questions and details that might

helps create a precise description and evaluation of our study. Along with

interview we are also using a written survey filed with open-ended questions to

gather more data. With these two data gathering procedure we can evaluate a

detailed and precise findings that might answer our question.

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION