Production Planning & Control
PPC
Production(P): that transformation of
raw material to finished goods.
Planning(P): looks ahead, anticipate
possible difficulties and decides in
advance as to how the production, best
be carried out.
Control(C): phase makes sure that the
programmed production is constantly
maintained
PPC
PPC
•Production planning and control may be defined as the direction
and coordination of the firm’s material and physical facilities
towards the attainment of pre-specified production goals, most
efficiently and economically.
•According to Samuel Elion: “The highest efficiency in
production is obtained by manufacturing the required
quantity of the product, of the required quality, at the
required time, by the best and cheapest method.”
•To attain this target, management employs production planning
and control, the tool that co-ordinates all manufacturing
activities.
•The four factors mentioned above—namely: quantity, quality,
time and price encompass the production system, of which
production planning and control is the brain.
•Production control will be in action when production activity
begins.
Introduction
● Planned production is an important feature of any
industry.
● Planning and control involve generally the
organization and planning of manufacturing process.
● The ultimate objective is the organization of the
supply and movement of materials and labour,
machines utilization and related activities, in order to
bring about the desired manufacturing results in
terms of quality, quantity, time and place.
Objective of PPC
❖ Optimum Utilization of Capacity
❖ Inventory control
❖ Economy in production time
❖ Ensure quality
❖ To sum up we may say that PPC is of immense value
to the entrepreneur in capacity utilization and
inventory control.
❖ More importantly it improves his response time and
quality. As such effective PPC contributes to time,
quality and cost parameters of entrepreneurial
success.
Process of PPC
Planning
● Production planning may be defined as the
technique of foreseeing every step in a long
series of separate operations, each step to be
taken at the right time and in the right place and
each operation to be performed in maximum
efficiency.
● It helps entrepreneur to work out the quantity of
material manpower, machine and money requires for
producing predetermined level of output in given
period of time.
Routing
● Under this, the operations, their path and sequence
are established.
● To perform these operations the proper class of
machines and personnel required are also worked out.
The main aim of routing is to determine the best and
cheapest sequence of operations and to ensure that
this sequence is strictly followed.
● Routing procedure involves following different activities.
● An analysis of the article to determine what to make and
what to buy.
● To determine the quality and type of material
● Determining the operations and
manufacturing sequence. their
● A determination of lot sizes
● Determination of scrap factors
Scheduling
● It means working out of time that should be required to
perform each operation and also the time necessary to
perform the entire series as routed, making allowances for
all factors concerned.
● It mainly concerns with time element and priorities of a job.
● The pattern of scheduling differs from one job to another
● Production schedule: The main aim is to schedule that
amount of work which can easily be handled by plant and
equipment without interference.
● Its not independent decision as it takes into account
following factors.
● (1) Physical plant facilities of the type required to process
the material being scheduled.
● (2) Personnel who possess the desired skills and
experience to operate the equipment and perform the type
Loading
● The next step is the execution of the schedule plan
as per the route chalked out it includes the
assignment of the work to the operators at their
machines or work places.
● So loading determines who will do the work as routing
determines where and scheduling determines when it
shall be done.
Production control
Production control is the process of planning
production in advance of operations, establishing the
exact route of each individual item part or assembly,
setting, starting and finishing for each important item,
assembly or the finishing production and releasing
the necessary orders as well as initiating the
necessary follow-up to have the smooth function of
the enterprise.
Dispatching
● Dispatching involves issue of production orders
for starting the operations. Necessary authority
and conformation is given for:
● Movement of materials to different workstations.
● Movement of tools and fixtures necessary for each
operation.
● Beginning of work on each operation.
● Recording of time and cost involved in each
operation.
● Movement of work from one operation to another in
accordance with the route sheet.
● Inspecting or supervision of work
Follow up
● Every production programmed involves determination
of the progress of work, removing bottlenecks in the
flow of work and ensuring that the productive
operations are taking place in accordance with the
plans.
● It spots delays or deviations from the production plans.
It helps to reveal detects in routing and scheduling,
misunderstanding of orders and instruction, under
loading or overloading of work etc.
● All problems or deviations are investigated and
remedial measurer are undertaken to ensure the
completion of work by the planned date.
Inspection
This is mainly to ensure the quality of goods. It
can be required as effective agency of production
control.
Corrective measures
● Corrective action may involve any of those activities
of
I. adjusting the route,
II. rescheduling of work
III. changing the workloads,
IV. repairs and
V. maintenance of machinery or equipment,
VI. control over inventories of the cause of deviation is
the poor performance of the employees.
VII. Certain personnel decisions like training, transfer,
demotion etc. may have to be taken. Alternate
methods may be suggested to handle peak loads.
Thank you !
