___________ is the natural phenomenon, occurs through the constant process of weathering and

disintegration of rocks in which the rate of erosion remains lower than the soil formation rate.
A. Geological erosion
B. Water erosion
C. Accelerated erosion
D. None
ANSWER: A

The water loss through transpiration from vegetative and evaporation from soil surface is known
as
A. Evaporation
B. Evapotranspiration
C. Transpiration
D. Guttation
ANSWER: B

_________ is key agent that degrades soils through various kinds of erosion processes.
A. Water
B. Wind
C. Water and wind
D. None
ANSWER: C

Plough is the main tool for

E. Tillage operations
F. Irrigation operations
G. Deep ploughing
H. None of them
ANSWER: A

_____________ is the most severe type of soil erosion.

A. Water erosion
B. Wind erosion
C. Water erosion and wind erosion
D. None
ANSWER: A

The soil area around the root zone is

A. Biosphere
B. Aerosphere
C. Hydrosphere
D. Rhizosphere
ANSWER: D

Which one is not a practice of water conservation?

A. Mulching
 B. Fallowing
C. Contouring
D. Terracing
ANSWER: B

The basic phase/phases of water erosion is/are

A. Detachment
B. Transportation
C. Deposition
D. All of above
ANSWER: D

________ is one of the major factors which causes the movement and detachment of soil
particles.
A. Hailstorm
B. Rainfall
C. Fog
D. Smog
ANSWER: B

Soil fauna is present in

A. Soil surface
B. Rhizosphere
C. Subsoil area
D. Roots
ANSWER: B

The _______ falling on soil surface act like a small bomb which disintegrates soil particles.
A. Leaves
B. Balls
C. Raindrops
D. All of above
ANSWER: C

Which one is not a type of water erosion?

A. Sheet erosion
B. Gully erosion
C. Rill erosion
D. Run off
ANSWER: D

The fertile topsoil surface is removed uniformly as a thin layer from the entire sloping surface
area of the field by runoff water is known as
A. Sheet erosion
B. Gully erosion
C. Rill erosion
 D. Splash erosion
ANSWER: A

Contour bunding is best in ___________ areas.

A. Sloppy land
B. Hilly areas
C. Plain areas
D. Both a and b
ANSWER: D

The most common shape of gully erosion which occurs in the areas where the subsurface of soil
is more resistant than the topsoil surface is called as
A. U-shaped gullies
B. V-shaped gullies
C. D-shaped gullies
D. None of above
ANSWER: B

_________ is also grown on the edges of the terraces.

A. Shrubs
B. Herbs
C. Trees
D. Both a and b
ANSWER: D

Biological tillage is not compatible with

A. Soil tillage
B. Soil Erosion
C. Sand tillage
D. Clay tillage
ANSWER: A

Which layer protects soil from physical impact?

A. Ozone layer
B. Earth layer
C. Mulch layer
D. Both a and c
ANSWER: C

Name the zone which becomes a habitat of organisms.

A. Earth zone
B. Planet zone
C. Tropical zone
D. Mulch zone
ANSWER: D

The atmospheric layer lies closest to the earth surface is known as

A. Troposphere
B. Mesosphere
C. Thermosphere
D. Stratosphere
ANSWER: A

Conservation agriculture enhances agricultural production at ____________level.

A. Micro
B. Macro
C. Both a and b
D. None of them
ANSWER: C

The growing of alternate strips of erosion permitting and erosion resisting crops across the slopes
on the contour is known as
A. Field strip cropping
B. Wind strip cropping
C. Contour strip cropping
D. Buffer strip cropping
ANSWER: C

Part of soil which is in contact with root surface is called

A. Atmosphere
B. Rhizosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B

A permanent soil cover is important to protect soil from

A. Soil Erosion
B. Soil protection
C. Rill erosion
D. Global warming
ANSWER: A

Planting of tall-growing row crops and short growing crops in alternately arranged straight and
long, but relatively narrow, parallel strips laid out right across the direction of the prevailing
wind, regardless of the contour is known as
A. Field strip cropping
B. Wind strip cropping
C. Contour strip cropping
D. Buffer strip cropping
ANSWER: B

Contour bunding is helpful in.

A. Soil erosion control
B. Promote water retention
C. Increase production
D. Above all
ANSWER: D

A farming system that promotes minimum soil disturbance, maintenance of a permanent soil
cover, and diversification of plant species is called
A. Soil Erosion
B. Conservation agriculture
C. Soil productivity
D. Soil fertility
ANSWER: B

Which one is not the cause of water logging?

A. Rainfall
B. Flooding by rivers
C. Defecting system of canals
D. Sowing time
ANSWER: D

The strips laid along the contour at right angles to the natural direction of the slope is called
A. Wind strip cropping
B. Buffer strip cropping
C. Field strip cropping
D. Contour strip cropping
ANSWER: D

Which one is not the method for eradication of water logging?

A. Lining of canals
B. Planting trees
C. Drainage
D. Use of press mud
ANSWER: D

Low infiltration in fine textured soils results in _________.

A. Water erosion
B. Wind erosion
C. Both a and b
D. Glacier erosion
ANSWER: A

Clean tilled crops _________ soil erosion.

 A. Protect
B. Encourage
C. Retard
D. Do not affect
ANSWER: B

______ of the total degraded land area is affected by water erosion.

A. 56%
B. 66%
C. 76%
D. None
ANSWER: A

Organic contents of soil can be increased by growing _______.

A. Clean tilled crops
B. Close growing crops
C. Leguminous crop
D. No crop
ANSWER: C

Application of agronomic principles to the solution of soil and water erosion is called _______.
A. Soil conservation
B. Conservation agronomy
C. Water conservation
D. None
ANSWER: B

Growing of permanent strips of grasses or legume or a mixture of grass and legume in highly
eroded areas is called as
A. Field strip cropping
B. Wind strip cropping
C. Contour strip cropping
D. Permanent buffer strip cropping
ANSWER: D

Which one is not a practice of controlling water erosion?

A. Terracing
B. Contouring
C. Leveling
D. Wind breaks
ANSWER: D

Globally, around ________ is affected by water erosion

A. 1100 mha
B. 1500 mha
C. 2000 mha
 D. 2100 mha
ANSWER: A

________ is mechanical manipulation of soil to provide soil condition suitable for crop growth.
A. Tilth
B. Tillage
C. Mulching
D. Both a and b
ANSWER: B

In highly eroded and sloppy landscape ________ measures should be supplemented by

mechanical structures.
A. Mechanical
B. Chemical
C. Biological
D. All of above
ANSWER: C

Contour bunding is used to conserve soil moisture and reduce erosion in the areas having
________ slope.
A. 6-10%
B. 2-6%
C. 15-20%
D. 25-30%
ANSWER: B

Which one is example of natural mulch?

A. Cultivation
B. Crop residues
C. Organic manure
D. Both a and b
ANSWER: B

The soils containing more clay particles are _________ to water erosion.
A. More susceptible
B. Less susceptible
C. None of them
D. Both a and b
ANSWER: B

Graded bunding is used to conserve soil moisture and reduce erosion in the areas having
________ slope
A. 6-10%
B. 2-6%
C. 15-20%
D. 25-30%
ANSWER: A

Soil texture refers to:

A. Arrangement of soil particles
B. Relative proportion of soil particles
C. Organic contents of soil
D. None of them
ANSWER: B

Cover crops not only improve soil properties but also their capacity to promote an increased
___________ in the agro-ecosystem.
A. Weeds
B. Biodiversity
C. Pests
D. Nutrients
ANSWER: B

The protection, management, and use of water resources for maximum sustained benefits for
people and agriculture is called
A. Soil conservation
B. Soil erosion
C. Water erosion
D. Water conservation
ANSWER: D

__________ are constructed around the gully head to check the entry of runoff into the gully.

A. Contour bunding
B. Graded bunding
C. Peripheral bunding
D. None of above

ANSWER: C

___________ is an environment friendly agricultural crop production system.

A. Organic farming
B. Conservation agronomy
C. Sustainable agriculture
D. Green manuring
ANSWER: A

Conservation agriculture is based on the _________________ principles.

A. 4
B. 3
C. 5
D. Both b and c
ANSWER: B

Graded bunding is used to conserve soil moisture and reduce erosion in the areas receiving
rainfall of more than ________.
A. 600mm
B. 750mm
C. 250mm
D. 100mm
ANSWER: B

Excessive soil tillage will _____ the soil.

A. Erode
B. Degrade
C. Build up
D. Deteriorate
ANSWER: A

The crops which return nutrients and organic matter to soil are called _____.
A. Exhaustive crops
B. Restorative crops
C. Annual crops
D. Biennial crops
ANSWER: B

Terracing is recommended for the lands having a slope of up to ________ %.

A. 33
B. 43
C. 55
D. 15

ANSWER: C

______________ is the removal of excess water from the surface of the land.
A. Surface irrigation
B. Subsurface irrigation
C. Surface drainage
D. Subsurface drainage
ANSWER: C

Which of the following categories of terraces is also known as irrigated bench terraces?
A. Bench terraces sloping outward
B. Bench terraces sloping inward
C. Bench terraces with level top
D. Contour wattling
ANSWER: C

Humus rich soil is good for.

A. Soil salinity
B. Soil erosion
C. Soil surface
D. Nutrient availability
ANSWER: D

Which type of terraces is used in low rainfall areas having permeable soils?
A. Bench terraces sloping outward
B. Bench terraces sloping inward
C. Bench terraces with level top
D. Contour wattling
ANSWER: A

The practice of growing different types of crops in succession on the same field to get maximum
profit from the least investment without impairing the soil fertility is
A. Crop retention
B. Crop selection
C. Crop rotation
D. Cropping system
ANSWER: C

To increase the crop canopy density, the ______ should be always on the higher side.
A. Seed shape
B. Salinity
C. Seed rate
D. Irrigation
ANSWER: C

Which of the following categories of terraces is also known as hill-type terraces?

A. Bench terraces sloping outward
B. Bench terraces sloping inward
C. Bench terraces with level top
D. Contour wattling
ANSWER: B

Agronomic measures are applicable in the landscape of less than _______ % slope.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANSWER: B

_________are planted to cover ground and reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses by leaching.
 A. Catch Crops
B. Green Manure Crops
C. Silage Crops
D. Cover Crops
ANSWER: D

Conservation agronomy based on enhancing

A. Chemical process
B. Mechanical process
C. Biological process
D. None of them
ANSWER: C

The flow of runoff water loaded with soil particles and organic matter in finger-like small
channels, known as __________.
A. Water erosion
B. Sheet erosion
C. Splash erosion
D. Rill erosion
ANSWER: D

The crop that is planted as a second crop after the first crop has reached its reproductive stage of
growth but before it is ready to harvest
A. Fiber Crop
B. Catch Crop
C. Oilseed Crop
D. Relay Crop
ANSWER: D

Contour wattling is not effective on slopes steeper than _______ % and on very loose or
powdery rocks.
A. 55
B. 66
C. 86
D. 76
ANSWER: B

In which cropping type two or more crops are grown simultaneously in the same field in a
definite pattern______.
A. Mixed Cropping
B. Inter Cropping
C. Crop Rotation
D. Both A and C
ANSWER: B
____________ are used to stabilize the steep slopes of >40% by constructing log wood structures
filled with stone/brushwood.
 A. Contour wattling
B. Diversion drains
C. Terracing
D. Crib structures
ANSWER: D

What is the main objective of conservation agronomy?

A. Soil conservation
B. Water conservation
C. Both A and B
D. Soil erosion
ANSWER: C

Burying green crop into soil before flowering to increase fertility is called_______.
A. Green Manuring
B. Farm Yard Manure
C. Poultry Manure
D. None of above
ANSWER: A

Conservation of farming is mostly attractive for farmers because it allows

A. Reduction in cost
B. Addition in cost
C. Multiplication in cost
D. Above all
ANSWER: A

When soil surface is protected with residue of a crop, the practice is called:
A. Nitrogen fixation
B. Sheet erosion
C. Tillage
D. Mulching
ANSWER: D

Choice of cropping pattern depends upon

A. Timing of Rainfall
B. Cost of Production
C. Commodity Prices
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D

The objective of soil conservation is to________.

A. Enhance productivity
B. Generate employment
C. Increase income of farmer
D. All of them
ANSWER: D

Residues on soil reduce splash effect of

A. Air
B. Wind
C. Raindrops
D. Pollution
ANSWER: C

Nature takes _________ years to build 2.5cm of top soil.

A. 200-800
B. 600-1000
C. 1000-1500
D. 2000-4000
ANSWER: B

The objective of water conservation is

A. Sustainability
B. Energy conservation
C. Habitat conservation
D. All of above
ANSWER: D

Bunding, contour trenching, terracing and contour wattling are the ___________ measures of
soil and water conservation.
A. Mechanical
B. Agronomic
C. Agroforestry
D. All of above
ANSWER: A

Farmers should grow more water-efficient crops and adopt less wasteful ________ techniques.
A. Erosion
B. Energy
C. Irrigation
D. Conservation
ANSWER: C

How many percentage of nitrogen is present in the air of our planet?

A. 21%
B. 78%
C. 0.03%
D. None
ANSWER: B

Important agronomic measure for soil and water conservation is/are

 A. Contour farming
B. Choice of crops
C. Crop rotation
D. All of above
ANSWER: D

The close-growing crops having high canopy density are grown for protection
of soil against________.
A. Weeds
B. Pests
C. Erosion
D. Diseases
ANSWER: C

The height of the structure is kept ________ above the ground depending upon the land slope.
A. 1.5–2 m
B. 3-4 m
C. 10-12 m
D. None
ANSWER: A

Erosion permitting and resisting crops should be intercropped with each

other in________.
A. Intercropping
B. Mixed cropping
C. Relay cropping
D. All of them
ANSWER: A

__________is practiced for controlling the run-off and erosion and thereby maintaining soil
fertility.
A. Alley farming
B. Strip cropping
C. Relay cropping
D. None of above
ANSWER: B

___________is any organic or inorganic material that is used to cover the soil surface to
protect the soil from being eroded away.
A. Green manure
B. Farm yard manure
C. Humus
D. Mulch
ANSWER: D
___________is an agricultural production system that devoid the use of synthetic fertilizers or
pesticides and includes organic sources for plant nutrient supply to ensure a sustained crop
production.
A. Organic farming
B. Conservation agronomy
C. Sustainable agriculture
D. Green manuring
ANSWER: A

Falling raindrops on the soil surface break the soil aggregates and disperse and splash soil
particles from their source, known as __________.
E. Water erosion
F. Sheet erosion
G. Splash erosion
H. Rill erosion
ANSWER: C

Crops in rotation function as __________ as they explore diverse strata of soil profile by roots of
many plant species for nutrients and water.
A. Suction pump
B. Biological pump
C. Physical pump
D. Gravity pump
ANSWER: B

______________involves growing crops without mechanical seedbed preparation and with

minimal soil disturbance since the harvest of the previous crop
A. Zero tillage
B. Direct seeding
C. Direct drilling
D. All of above
ANSWER: D

Which is effective in preventing the spread of Covid-19?

A. Physical and social distancing
B. Use of mask
C. Use of sanitizer
D. All of above
ANSWER: D

The growing of alternate strips of erosion permitting and erosion resisting

crops across the slopes on the contour is known as_____________.
A. Wind strip cropping
B. Field strip cropping
C. Contour strip cropping
D. Permanent strip cropping
ANSWER: C

___________are earthen embankments built across the dominant slope

partitioning the field in uniform and parallel segments.
A. Contouring
B. Bunding
C. Wattling
D. Terraces
ANSWER: D

________ is the removal of topsoil by the physical forces.

A. Soil conservation
B. Water conservation
C. Soil erosion
D. None
ANSWER: C

The practice in which field crops are grown in more or less parallel strips
across fairly uniform slopes, but not on exact contours is known as
A. Wind strip cropping
B. Field strip cropping
C. Contour strip cropping
D. Permanent strip cropping
ANSWER: B

_________ is a tillage system that retains a high percentage of crop residues on the surface of the
soil.
A. Stubble mulch tillage
B. Crop residues
C. Both a and b
D. None of above
ANSWER: A

A ___________ is necessary to remove excess water from the irrigated land.

A. Tillage system
B. Irrigation system
C. Drainage system
D. Cropping system
ANSWER: C

___________ is the removal of water from the root zone.

A. Surface drainage
B. Subsurface drainage
C. Surface irrigation
D. Subsurface irrigation
ANSWER: B
The __________ is the area of land that drains water into a specific receiving water body, such
as a lake or a river.
A. Watershed
B. River basin
C. Pond
D. Drainage
ANSWER: A