CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (REPORTED SPEECH)

A. Lý thuyết
I. Giới thiệu
-Chúng ta có thể thuật lại lời nói của người khác hoặc của chính mình bằng hai cách: trực tiếp và gián
tiếp.
Vd: Bill said: “I don’t like this party” hoặc “I don’t like this party,” said Bill (trực tiếp)
Bill said (that) he didn’t like that party (gián tiếp)
Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh là thuật lại bằng cách gián tiếp
II. Một số thay đổi cơ bản khi tường thuật
1. Các đại từ (chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, sở hữu) và tính từ sở hữu
2. Từ chỉ định (tùy trường hợp)
This->that
These->those
3. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

today that day

tonight that night

tomorrow the next day/ the following

day

tomorrow the next morning

morning

yesterday the day before/ the previous

day

ago before

now then

next (Tuesday) the next/ following Tuesday

last (Tuesday) the previous Tuesday/ the Tuesday

before

the day after tomorrow two days later

the day before two days before

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 yesterday

here there

4. Thì của động từ

Tên thì Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn - V(bare)/V(s,es) - Ved/ V (cột 2)

He said: "I live in a big He said (that) he
city." lived in a big
- am/is/are city.
She said: "I am at home." - Was/were
She said (that)
she was at home.

Quá khứ đơn - Ved/V (cột 2) - Had +

Peter said: "I did it by VPII
myself." Peter said (that)
he had done it
by himself.
- Was/were - Had
Mary said: "I was in the been
park last Sunday." Mary said (that)
she had been in
the park the
Sunday before.

Hiện tại tiếp diễn Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were + V-

She said: "we are learning ing
now." She said (that)
she was learning
then.

Quá khứ tiếp diễn Was/were + V-ing Had + been +

He said: "I was sleeping V-ing
then." He said (that) he
had been
sleeping then

Hiệ t hoà Have/has + Vp2 Had + Vp2

n ạ n He said: "Someone has He said fthati
thà i stolen my bag." someone had
nh stolen his bag

Hiện tại hoàn thành Have/has + been + Ving Had + been +

tiếp diễn She said: "I have been Ving
waiting for you for 3 She said (that)

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 hours." she had been
waiting for me
for 3 hours.

Tương lai đơn Will/shall + V(bare) Would +

Lan said: "I will call you V(bare)
tonight." Lan said fthatf)
she would call
me that night.

Tương lai gần Am/is/are + going to + V Was/were +

Huong said: "we are going to + V
going to have a party next Huong said
weekend." (that) they were
going to have a
party the next
weekend."

Độ từ khuyết Can Could

ng He said: "I can’t come on He said (that) he
thiế time." couldn't come on
u time.

- Must/have to (sự bắt buộc) - Had to

She said: "I must take care of my She said (that) she had to
brother." take care of her brother.
- Must (sự suy diễn) - Must
He said: "You must be tired now." He said (that) I must be
/ tired then.
-Must (đưa ra lời khuyên) - Must
My father said: "This exam is very My father said (that) that
important. You must prepare for it exam was very important
well." and I must prepare for it
well.
- Mustn't
- Mustn't (sự cấm đoán)
She said (that) I mustn't
She said: "You mustn't make noise
make noise there.
here."

May Might
My teacher said: "You may use My teacher said (that)

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 dictionaries for this test." we might use
dictionaries for that test.

Need Needed/had to
He said: "I need do it now." He said (that) he
needed/had to do it then.

- Needn't (dùng ờ hiện tại) - Needn't/didn't have to

She said: "We needn't set off She said they
early." needn't/didn't have to set
off early.
- Wouldn't have to
- Needn't (dùng ở tương lai)
He said (that) I wouldn't
He said: "You needn'tcome here
have to come here the
tomorrow."
next day.

III. Những trường hợp không thay đổi thì động từ

1. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ:
He says: "I have just finished my work."
He says (that) he has just finished his work.
2. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, cũng không có thay đổi thì động từ trong
những trường hợp sau
a. Tường thuật một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí
Ví dụ:
The little boy said: "Mother's mother is grandmother."
The little boy said mother's mother is grandmother.
b. Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp có các thì: quá khứ tiếp diễn kết hợp với quá khứ đơn,
quá khứ đơn với quá khứ hoàn thành, quá khứ đơn (đi kèm thời gian cụ thể)
Ví dụ:
He said: "I was doing my homework when my mother came in."

He said (that) he was doing his homework when his mother came in. He said: "I was born in 2000."

He said (that) he was born in 2000.

c. Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp có: used to, should, would, could, might, ought to, had
better, would rather
Ví dụ:
Peter said: "We used to go fishing in the afternoon."

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 Peter said (that) they used to go fishing in the afternoon.
d. Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn với “wish” và “if only” Ví dụ:
He said: "I wish I were taller."
He said (that) he wished he were taller.
e. Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3
Ví dụ:
He said: "If I were you, I would apologize to Linda."
He said (that) if he were me, he would apologize to Linda.
f. Cấu trúc: "It's (high/about) time..."
Ví dụ:
My mother said: "It is high time you washed the dishes."
My mother said (that) it was high time I washed the dishes.

IV. Các loại câu tường thuật

1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
S+ say/said (that) +S+V
say/said to somebody
tell somebody (that)
Lu ý: say(s) /said to sb tell(s)/told sb
Ví dụ:
He said to me: "You are my best friend."
He told me (that) I was his best friend.
2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
a. Câu hỏi YES-NO
S + asked somebody + if/whether + S + V
wanted to know
wondered
Ví dụ:
"Did you go with your mother yesterday?" asked he.
He asked me if I had gone with my mother the day before.

Hoặc He asked me whether I had gone with my mother the day before.
b. Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi
S + asked somebody + Wh_+ S + V
wanted to know
wondered
Ví dụ:
The teacher asked: "Why didn't you go to class last Friday?"
The teacher asked me why I hadn't gone to class the Friday before.
*LƯU Ý: KHI TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU HỎI TA DÙNG TRẬT TỰ GIỐNG CÂU KỂ VÀ BỎ
DẤU CHẤM HỎI

3. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng động từ nguyên thể
- tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì

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- advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
- promise + to V: hứa làm gì
- threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì
- warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm gì
- invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì
- offer + to V: đề nghị làm gì
- agree + to V: đồng ý làm gì

4. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng danh động từ
- accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội ai vì làm gì
- admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì
- deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm gì
- apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai vì làm gì
- blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho ai vì làm gì
- complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn về điều gì
- confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì
- congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì làm gì
- criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì
- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì
- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì
- suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/đề nghị làm gì
- thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì làm gì
- warn sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì

B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Exercise 1: Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyên từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1. Nam said: "I am told to be at school before 7 o'clock".

.............................................................................................................................................................

2. Thu said: "All the students will have a meeting next week".

.............................................................................................................................................................

3. Phong said: “My parents are very proud of my good marks".

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4. The teacher said: "All the homework must be done carefully".

.............................................................................................................................................................

5. Her father said to her: "You can go to the movie with your friend".

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6. "Do you enjoy reading?", Phong asked Peter.

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 .............................................................................................................................................................

7. "Do your sister and brother go to the same school?", she asked Nam.

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8. "Are there any oranges in the fridge?", she asked her mom.

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9. "Were you reading this book at 8 o'clock last Sunday?", she asked Ba.

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10. "Will it rain tomorrow morning?", he asked his friend.

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11. "Where does your father work?" the teacher asked me.

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12. "How many people are there in your family?" she asked Lan.

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13. Tam's friend asked him: "How long will you stay in England?"

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14. The teacher said to Lien: "What's your hobby?"

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15. "How do you go to the airport?" his friend asked him.

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16. "I wish I hadn't gone to the party last night" she said.

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17. " The Earth moves around the Sun", my teacher said.

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18. Peter said: "I want to tell you the news. You must be surprised"

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19. The woman said: “When I was walking on the pavement, a strange man stopped and
asked me the way to the nearest bank."

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20. "How many lessons are you going to learn next month?", he asked me.

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Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. Jack asked his sister where she (go) the following day.
2. The mother told her son (behave) so impolitely
3. She asked why Mathew (look) so embarrassed when he saw Carole.
4. The boy admitted (not do) the homework.
5. Our grandparents used to suggest (wear) sunglasses when we were out on
bright sunny days.
6. Robert offered (help) Carlo do the dishes.
7. The captain ordered his men (abandon) the ship immediately.
8. Tom promised (give) Janet the answer by the end of the week.
9. Jane criticized Frank for (disclose) their confidential report to the press.
10. The team leader reminded us (tidy up) the final draft before submission.
11. The kidnappers threatened (kill) our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
12. Bill said that he never (be) to Russia and he thought he (go) there the
next year.
13. John apologized to his Mum for (break) his promise.
14. Steve warned Mike (touch) the wires as it might be deadly.
15. The police asked Mr John what he (do) the night before.
16. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine (take) a few days' rest.
17. Mary said if she (be) rich, she (travel) around the world.
18. He said that English (be)____very useful for my future job and I (must) master it
19. He said they (play) games in the bedroom then.
20. She said that I had better (go) home early.

Exercise 3: Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1. She said to him: "Give me another glass of wine".
She told........................................................................................................................................
2. She said to me: "Bring me a book".
She asked......................................................................................................................................
3. The mother said to him: "Open the window please!".

The mother told.............................................................................................................................

4. The captain said to them: "Wait here until I come back".

The captain asked........................................................................................................................
5. "Do come and enjoy tea with my family" she said.
She invited us...............................................................................................................................
6. "Why don't we come to visit our teacher today?" he said.

He suggested..................................................................................................................................

7. "My advice to you is to do morning exercises" she said.

She advised me.............................................................................................................................

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8. "I'm sorry I broke the glass", said Peter.

Peter apologized............................................................................................................................

9. "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?" he asked,
He suggested...................................................................................................................................
10. "It's true that I broke your old vase", she said in tears.
She admitted.................................................................................................................................
11. "Don't move or I'll shoot", said the bank robber to the clerk.

The bank robber threatened..........................................................................................................

12. "Don't forget to phone the police", she told him.

She reminded ................................................................................................................................

13. "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach.

The coach warned..........................................................................................................................

14. Linh said, "If my father repairs the bike now, I will ride the bike to school."

Linh said .......................................................................................................................................

15. "I would have passed the exam if I had tried my best” Binh said.

Binh said........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 4: Chọn phương án đúng

1. The interviewer asked me what experience for the job.
A. do you get B. did I get C. I got D. you got
2. They asked me whether I was working
A. next day afternoon B. the afternoon followed
C. the following afternoon D. tomorrow afternoon
3. "Where have you been hiding?", she asked. She asked me where hiding.
A. I have been B. have I been C. had I be D. I had been
4. He asked me home the day before.
A. what time I leave B. what time I will leave
C. what time I had left D. what time I left
5. John asked me in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
6. She said I an angel.
A. am B. was C. were D. have been
7. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
8. John asked me interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was
9. John asked me that film the night before.
A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had D. if had I seen

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10. She asked me the seat or not.
A. if / had occupied B. whether / was occupied
C. if / has been occupied D. whether / occupied
11. The policeman asked us
A. had any of us seen the accident happen
B. if had any of us seen the accident happen
C. whether any of us had seen the accident happen
D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen
12. I asked him but he said nothing.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. the matter was what D. what's the matter was
13. James him up when the bus reached the square.
A. told me wake B. asked me to wake
C. said me to wake D. requested me waking
14. I wonder we'll catch the bus we'll take a taxiể
A. if / and whether B. whether / or that C. if / or that D. whether / or whether
15. Excuse me. Could you tell me ?
A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. it is what time
16. We wonder from his office after that scandal.
A. why did he not resign B. why he did not resign
C. why he not resign D. why didn't he resign
17. Jeff wanted to know .
A. that why were his friends laughing B. why were his friends laughing
C. why his friends were laughing D. the reason why his friends laughing
18. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the day.
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
19. She him whether he liked the steak she cooked.
A. asks B. wondered C. wanted to know D. asked
20. His neighbours sometimes wondered he did for a living.
A. why B. when C. where D. what

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