CURRICULUM

For
THREE YEAR’S DIPLOMA
OF
ASSOCIATE ENGINEER
IN
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

REVISED BY, TEVTA PUNJAB

ADOPTED BY, SBTE KARACHI
OCTOBER 2020
 DAE CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
WITH SPECIALIZATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL

SCHEME OF STUDIES
st
1 Year

Sr. # Course No. Subject T P C

1. Gen 111 Islamiat / Pak Studies 1 0 1
2. Eng. 112 Technical English 2 0 2
3. Math 113 Applied Math - I 3 0 3
4. Phy 113 Applied Physics 2 3 3
5. Comp 122 Computer Applications 1 3 2
6. CHT 153(Rev.)Basic Chemical Engineering 2 3 3
7. CHT 164 General Chemistry 2 6 4
8. MT 143(Rev.) Basic Engineering Drawing & CAD-I 1 6 3
9. Pht 113 Pharmaceutical Technology - I 2 3 3

nd
Total 16 24 24
2 Year

1. Gen 211 Islamiat / Pakistan Studies 1 0 1

2. Math 223 Applied Maths-II 3 0 3
3. Mgm 211 Business Communication 1 0 1
4. Mgm 221 Business Management & Industrial Economics 1 0 1
5. CHT 244(Rev.)Organic Chemistry 2 6 4
6. CHT 254(Rev.)Industrial Chemical Process - I 3 3 4
7. CHT 263 Quantitative Analysis 1 6 3
8. CHT 271 Safety Practice & Procedure 1 0 1
9. CHT 283 Physical Chemistry 2 3 3
10. CHT 293 Chemical Engineering – I 2 3 3
_______
rd
Total 17 21 24
3 Year
T P C
1. Gen 311 Islamiat / Pakistan Studies 1 0 1
2. Mgm 311 Industrial Management & Human Relations 1 0 1
3. CHT 314(Rev.)Instrumental Methods of Analysis 2 6 4
4. CHT 343 Process Instrumentation & Control 2 3 3
5. Pht 313 Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry 2 3 3
6. Pht 323 Good Manufacturing Practices 3 0 3
7. Pht 334 Pharmaceutical Technology- II 3 3 4
8. CHT 372 Industrial Stoichiometry 2 0 2
9. Pht 341 Entrepreneurship 1 0 1

Total 17 15 22

1
DAE Technology

2
DAE Technology

3
DAE Technology

4
DAE Technology

-4

5
DAE Technology

6
DAE Technology

7
DAE Technology

8
DAE Technology

9
DAE Technology

10
Eng-112 ENGLISH

Total contact hours

Theory 64 T P C
Practical 0 2 0 2

AIMS At the end of the course, the students will be equipped with cognitive skill to enable them
to present facts in a systematic and logical manner to meet the language demands of
dynamic field of commerce and industry for functional day-to-day use and will inculcate
skills of reading, writing and comprehension.

COURSE CONTENTS

ENGLISH PAPER "A"

1 PROSE/TEXT 16 hours
1.1 First eight essays of Intermediate English Book-II

2 CLOZE TEST 4 hours

2.1 A passage comprising 50-100 words will be selected from the text. Every 11th
word or any word for that matter will be omitted. The number of missing word
will range between 5-10. The chosen word may or may not be the one used in the
text, but it should be an appropriate word.

ENGLISH PAPER "B"

3 GRAMMAR 26 hours
3.1 Sentence Structure.
3.2 Tenses.
3.3 Parts of speech.
3.4 Punctuation.
3.5 Change of Narration.
3.6 One word for several
3.7 Words often confused

4. COMPOSITION 8 hours
4.1 Letters/Messages
4.2 Job application letter
4.3 For character certificate/for grant of scholarship
4.4 Telegrams, Cablegrams and Radiograms, Telexes, Facsimiles
4.5 Essay writing
4.6 Technical Education, Science and Our life, Computers,
Environmental Pollution, Duties of a Student.
4 hours
5. TRANSLATION 6 hours
5.1 Translation from Urdu into English.
For Foreign Students: A paragraph or a dialogue.
11
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Technical English developed by Mr. Zia Sarwar, Mr. Habib-ur –Rehman, Evaluated
by Mr.Zafar Iqbal Khokhar, Mr. Zahid Zahoor, Vol - I, National Book Foundation

12
Eng-112 ENGLISH

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

PAPER-A
1. DEMONSTRATE BETTER READING, COMPREHENSION
AND VOCABULARY
1.1Manipulate, skimming and scanning of the text.
1.2Identify new ideas.
1.3Reproduce facts, characters in own words
1.4Write summary of stories

2. UNDERSTAND FACTS OF THE TEXT

2.1Rewrite words to fill in the blanks recalling the text.
2.2Use own words to fill in the blanks.

PAPER-B
3. APPLY THE RULES OF GRAMMAR IN WRITING AND SPEAKING
3.1Use rules of grammar to construct meaningful sentences containing a subject and a
predicate.
3.2State classification of time, i.e present, past and future and use verb tense
correctly in different forms to denote relevant time.
3.3Identify function words and content words.
3.4Use marks of punctuation to make sense clear.
3.5Relate what a person says in direct and indirect forms.
3.6Compose his writings.
3.7Distinguish between confusing words.

4. APPLY THE CONCEPTS OF COMPOSITION WRITING TO

PRACTICAL SITUATIONS
4.1Use concept to construct applications for employment, for character certificate, for
grant of scholarship.
4.2Define and write telegrams, cablegrams and radiograms, telexes, facsimiles
4.3Describe steps of a good composition writing.
4.4Describe features of a good composition.
4.5Describe methods of composition writing
4.6Use these concepts to organize facts and describe them systematically in practical
situation.

5. APPLIES RULES OF TRANSLATION

5.1Describe confusion.
5.2Describe rules of translation.
5.3Use rules of translation from Urdu to English in simple paragraph and sentences.

13
Math-113APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Total contact hours 96 T P C
Theory 3 0 3

Pre-requisite: Must have completed a course of Elective Mathematics at Matric level.

AIMS After completing the course the students will be able to
1. Solve problems of Algebra, Trigonometry, vectors. Menstruation, Matrices and
Determinants.
2. Develop skill, mathematical attitudes and logical perception in the use of mathematical
instruments as required in the technological fields.
3. Acquire mathematical clarity and insight in the solution of technical problems.

COURSE CONTENTS
1 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 6 Hrs
1.1 Standard Form
1.2 Solution
1.3 Nature of roots
1.4 Sum & Product of roots
1 .5 Formation
1.6 Problems

2 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES 3Hrs

2.1 Sequence
2.2 Series
2.3 nth term
2.4 Sum of the first n terms
2.5 Means
2.6 Problems

3 GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES 3Hrs

3.1 nth term
3:2sum of the first n terms
3.3 Means
3.4 Infinite Geometric progression
3.5 Problems

4 BINOMIAL THEOREM 6 Hrs

4.1 Factorials
4.2 Binomial Expression
4.3 Binomial Co-efficient
4.4 Statement
4.5 The General Term
4.6 The Binomial Series.
4.7 Problems
5 PARTIAL FRACTIONS 6 Hrs
14
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Linear Distinct Factors Case I
5.3 Linear Repeated Factors Case II
5.4 Quadratic Distinct Factors Case III
5.5 Quadratic Repeated Factors Case IV
5.6 Problems

6 FUNDAMENTALS OF TRIGONOMETRY 6 Hrs

6.1 Angles
6.2 Quadrants
6.3 Measurements of Angles
6.4 Relation between Sexagesimal & circular system
6.5 Relation between Length of a Circular Arc & the Radian Measure of its central Angle
6.6 Problems

7 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND RATIOS 6 Hrs

7.1 trigonometric functions of any angle
7.2 Signs of trigonometric Functions
7.3 Trigonometric Ratios of particular Angles
7.4 Fundamental Identities
7.5 Problems

8 GENERAL INDENTITIES 6 Hrs

8.1 The Fundamental Law
8.2 Deductions
8.3 Sum & Difference Formulae
8.4 Double Angle Identities
8.5 Half Angle Identities
8.6 Conversion of sum or difference to products
8.7 Problems

9 SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES 6 Hrs

9.1 The law of Sines
9.2 The law of Cosines
9.3 Measurement of Heights & Distances
9.4 Problems

10 MENSURATION OF SOLIDS 30 Hrs

10.1 Review of regular plane figures and Simpson's Rule
10.2 Prisms
10.3 Cylinders
10.4 Pyramids
10.5 Cones
10.6 Frusta
10.7 Spheres

11 VECTORS 9 Hrs
15
11.1 Sealers & Vectors
11.2 Addition & Subtraction
11.3 The unit Vectors I, j, k
11.4 Direction Cosines
11.5 Sealer or Dot Product
11.6 Deductions
11.7 Dot product in terms of orthogonal components
11.8 Deductions
11.9 Analytic Expression for a x b.
11.10 Problems.

12 MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 9 Hrs

12.1 Definition of Matrix
12.2 Rows & Columns
12.3 Order of a Matrix
12.4 Algebra of Matrices
12.5 Determinants
12.6 Properties of Determinants
12.7 Solution of Linear Equations
12.8 Problems

REFERENCE BOOKS
Applied Mathematics Math-113, by Nasir -ud-Din Mahmood, Sana-ullah Khan, Tahir
Hameed, Syed Tanvir Haider, Javed Iqbal, Vol - I, National Book Foundation

16
Math-113 APPLIED MATHEMATICS-I

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1 USE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE SOLUTION OF

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1.1Define a standard quadratic equation.
1.2 Use methods of factorization and method of completing the square for solving the
equations.
1.3Derive quadratic formula.
1.4Write expression for the discriminant
1.5Explain nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
1.6Calculate sum and product of the roots.
1.7 Form a quadratic equation from the given roots.
1.8 Solve problems involving quadratic equations.

2 UNDERSTAND APPLY CONCEPT OF ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

AND SERIES
2.1Define an Arithmetic sequence and a series
2.2Derive formula for the nth term of an A.P.
2.3Explain Arithmetic Mean between two given numbers
2.4Insert n Arithmetic means between two numbers
2.5Derive formulas for summation of an Arithmetic series
2.6Solve problems on Arithmetic Progression and Series

3 UNDERSTAND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION AND SERIES

3.1 Define a geometric sequence and a series.
3.2 Derive formula for nth term of a G.P.
3.3 Explain geometric mean between two numbers.
3.4 Insert n geometric means between two numbers.
3.5 Derive a formula for the summation of geometric Series.
3.6 Deduce a formula for the summation of an infinite G.P.
3.7 Solve problems using these formulas.

4 EXPAND AND EXTRACT ROOTS OF A BINOMIAL

4.1State binomial theorem for positive integral index.
4.2Explain binomial coefficients: (n,0), (n,1)………..(n,r),……….(n,n)
4.3Derive expression for the general term.
4.4Calculate the specified terms.
4.5Expand a binomial of a given index. -
4.6Extract the specified roots
4.7Compute the approximate value to a given decimal place.
4.8Solve problems involving binomials.
5 RESOLVE A SINGLE FRACTIONINTO PARTIALFRACTIONS
USINGDIFFERENT METHODS.
5.1Define a partial fraction, a proper and an improper fraction.
5.2Explain all the four types of partial fractions.
17
5.3 Set up equivalent partial fractions for each type.
5.4 Explain the methods for finding constants involved.
5.5 Resolve a single fraction into partial fractions.
5.6 Solve problems involving all the four types.

6 UNDERSTAND SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES.

6.1Define angles and the related terms.
6.2Illustrate the generation of angle.
6.3Explain sexagesimal and circular systems for the measurement of angles
6.4Derive the relationship between radian and degree.
6.5Convert radians to degrees and vice versa.
6.6Derive a formula for the circular measure of a central angle.
6.7Use this formula for solving problems.

7 APPLY BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

OF TRIGONOMETRICFUNCTIONS
7.1 Define the basic trigonometric functions/ratios of an angle as ratios of the sidesof a right
triangle.
7.2Derive fundamental identities.
7.3Find trigonometric ratios of particular angles.
7.4Draw the graph of trigonometric functions.
7.5Solve problems involving trigonometric functions.

8 USE TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES IN SOLVING

TECHNOLOGICALPROBLEMS
8.1List fundamental identities
8.2Prove the fundamental law
8.3Deduce important results
8.4Derive-sum and difference formulas
8.5Establish half angle, double angle & triple angle formulas
8.6Convert sum or difference into product& vice versa
8.7Solve problems

9 USE CONCEPTS, PROPERTIES AND LAWS OF

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR SOLVING TRIANGLES
9.1Define angle of elevation and angle of depression.
9.2Prove the law of sins and the law of cosines.
9.3Explain elements of a triangle.
9.4Solve triangles and the problems involving heights and distances.
10 USE PRINCIPLES OF MENSTRUATION IN FINDING
SURFACES, VOLUMEAND WEIGHTS OF SOLIDS.
10.1 Define menstruation of plane and solid figures
10.2 List formulas for perimeters & areas of plane figure.
10.3 Define pyramid and cone.
10.4 Define frusta of pyramid and cone.
10.5 Define a sphere and a shell.
10.6 Calculate the total surface and volume of each type of solid.
18
10.7 Compute weight of solids.
10.8 Solve problems of these solids.

11. USE THE CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF VECTORS IN

SOLVINGTECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
11.1 Define vector quantity.
11.2 Explain addition and subtraction of vector
11.3 Illustrate unit vectors I, j, k.
11.4 Express a vector in the component form.
11.5 Explain magnitude, unit vector, directionconsines of a vector.
11.6 Derive analytic expression for dot product and cross product of two vector.
11.7 Deduce conditions of perpendicularly and parallelism of two vectors.
11.8 Solve problems

12. USE THE CONCEPT OFMATRICES & DETERMINANTS IN

SOLVING TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
12.1 Define a matrix and a determinant.
12.2 List types of matrices.
12.3 Define transpose, ad joint and inverse of a matrix.
12.4 State properties of determinants.
12.5 Explain basic concepts.
12.6 Explain algebra of matrices.
12.7 Solve linear equation by matrices.
12.8 Explain the solution of a determinant.
12.9 Use Crammers Rule for solving linear equations

19
PHY-113 APPLIED PHYSICS

Total Contact Hours:

Theory 64
T P C
Practical 96
2 3 3

AIMS: The students will be able to understand the fundamental principles and concept of physics
use these to solve problems in practical situations/technological courses and
understand concepts to learn advance physics/technical courses.

COURSE CONTENTS
1 MEASUREMENTS. 2 Hours.
1.1 Fundamental units and derived units
1.2 Systems of measurement and S.I. units
1.3 Concept of dimensions, dimensional formula
1.4 Conversion from one system to another
1.5 Significant figures

2 SCALARS AND VECTORS. 4 Hours.

2.1 Revision of head to tail rule
2.2 Laws of parallelogram, triangle and polygon of forces
2.3 Resolution of a vector
2.4 Addition of vectors by rectangular components
2.5 Multiplication of two vectors, dot product and cross product

3 MOTION 4 Hours.
3.1 Review of laws and equations of motion
3.2 Law of conservation of momentum
3.3 Angular motion
3.4 Relation between linear and angular motion
3.5 Centripetal acceleration and force
3.6 Equations of angular motion

4 TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM AND ROTATIONAL INERTIA. 4 Hours.

4.1 Torque
4.2 Centre of gravity and center of mass
4.3 Equilibrium and its conditions
4.4 Torque and angular acceleration
4.5 Rotational inertia

5 WAVE MOTION. 5 Hours

5.1 Review Hook’s law of elasticity
20
 5.2 Motion under an elastic restoring force
5.3 Characteristics of simple harmonic motion
5.4 S.H.M. and circular motion
5.5 Simple pendulum
5.6 Wave form of S.H.M.
5.7 Resonance
5.8 Transverse vibration of a stretched string

6 SOUND. 5 Hours
6.1 Longitudinal waves
6.2 Intensity, loudness, pitch and quality of sound
6.3 Units of Intensity, of level and frequency response of ear
6.4 Interference of sound waves, silence zones, beats
6.5 Acoustics
6.6 Doppler effect.

7 LIGHT. 5 Hours
7.1 Review laws of reflection and refraction.
7.2 Image formation by mirrors and lenses
7.3 Optical instruments
7.4 Wave theory of light
7.5 Interference, diffraction, polarization of light waves
7.6 Applications of polarization of light waves

8 OPTICAL FIBER. 2 Hours

8.1 Optical communication and problems
8.2 Review total internal reflection and critical angle
8.3 Structure of optical fiber
8.4 Fiber material and manufacture
8.5 Optical fiber - uses.

9 LASERS. 3 Hours
9.1 Corpuscular theory of light
9.2 Emission and absorption of light
9.3 Stimulated absorption and emission of light
9.4 Laser principle
9.5 Structure and working of lasers
9.6 Types of lasers with brief description.
9.7 Applications (basic concepts)
9.8 Material processing
9.9 Laser welding
9.10 Laser assisted machining
9.11 Micro machining
9.12 Drilling, scribing and marking
9.13 Printing

21
 9.14 Laser in medicine

10 HEAT. 4 Hours
10.1 Review of calorimetric and gas laws and mode of transfer of heat
10.2 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
10.3 Heat of fusion, vaporization
10.4 Humidity, absolute and relative
10.5 Law of cooling
10.6 Thermoelectricity
10.7 Thermocouple.

11 THERMODYNAMICS. 4 Hours
11.1 Heat energy and internal energy
11.2 First law of thermodynamics & applications
11.3 Isometric and adiabatic processes
11.4 Efficiency of heat engine
11.5 Second law of thermodynamics (both statements)
11.6 Heat engine and refrigerator.

12 TRANSFER OF HEAT.
5 Hours
12.1 Review: Modes of transfer of heat
12.2 Emission and absorption of heat
12.3 Black body radiation
12.4 Laws of energy distribution
12.5 Planck’s quantum theory
12.6 The photoelectric effects
12.7 X-ray, production, properties and uses

13 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
3 Hours
13.1 Magnetic held around a current carrying conduction
13.2 Electric field induced around a changing magnetic flux
13.3 Moving fields
13.4 Types of electromagnetic waves
13.5 Generation of radio waves
13.6 Spectrum of electromagnetic waves

14 ATOMIC NUCLEUS.
5 Hours
14.1 Structure of the nucleus
14.2 Radioactivity
14.3 Radioactive series
14.4 Transmutation of elements
22
 14.5 The fission reaction
14.6 The fusion reaction
14.7 The nuclear reactor

15 NUCLEAR RADIATIONS.
5 Hours
15.1 Properties and integration with matter
15.2 Radiations detector
15.3 Radiation damage and its effects
15.4 Radiation therapy
15.5 Radioactive tracers
15.6 Application of radiation techniques in archeology, agriculture, chemical
industry, polymerization, sterilization, food preservation, gauging and control,
radiography

16 ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES.
2 Hours
16.1 Review law of gravitation
16.2 Escape velocity
16.3 Orbital velocity
16.4 Geosynchronous and geostationary satellites
16.5 Use of satellites in data communication.

17 MAGNETIC MATERIALS. 2 Hours

17.1 Magnetism
17.2 Domains theory
17.3 Para and ferromagnetism and magnetic materials
17.4 B.H. curve and hysteresis loop.

18 SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIALS.

2 Hours
18.1 Crystalline structure of solids
18.2 Conductors, semiconductors, insulators
18.3 P-type and N-type materials
18.4 P-N junction
18.5 P-N junction as a diode
18.6 Photovoltaic cell (solar cell)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Tahir Hussain, Fundamentals of physics Vol-I, II

2. Farid Khawaja, Fundamentals of Physics Vol-I and II
3. Wells and Slusher, Schaum's Series Physics.
4. Nelkon and Oyborn, Advanced Level Practical Physics
5. Mehboob Ilahi Malik and Inam-ul-Haq, Practical Physics
23
6. Wilson, Lasers - Principles and Applications
7. M. Aslam Khan and M. Akram Sandhu, Experimental Physics Note Book

24
PHY-113 APPLIED PHYSICS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. USE CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT TO PRACTICAL SITUATIONS AND

TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
1.1Write dimensional formulae for physical quantities
1.2Derive units using dimensional equations
1.3Convert a measurement from one system to another
1.4Use concepts of measurement and significant figures in problem solving.

2. USE CONCEPTS OF SCALARS AND VECTORS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS

INVOLVING THESE CONCEPTS.
2.1Explain laws of parallelogram, triangle and polygon of forces
2.2Describe method of resolution of a vector into components
2.3Describe method of addition of vectors by head & tail rule
2.4Differentiate between dot product and cross product of vectors
2.5Use the concepts in solving problems involving addition resolution and multiplication
of vectors.

3. USE THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND CONCEPTS OF

ANGULAR MOTION TO PRACTICAL SITUATIONS.
3.1Use law of conservation of momentum to practical/technological problems.
3.2Explain relation between linear and angular motion
3.3Use concepts and equations of angular motion to solve relevant technological
problems.

4. USE CONCEPTS OF TORQUE, EQUILIBRIUM AND ROTATIONAL INERTIA

TO PRACTICAL SITUATION/PROBLEMS.
4.1Explain Torque
4.2Distinguish between Centre of gravity and center of mass
4.3Explain rotational Equilibrium and its conditions
4.4Explain Rotational Inertia giving examples
4.5Use the above concepts in solving technological problems.

5. USE CONCEPTS OF WAVE MOTION IN SOLVING RELEVANT PROBLEMS.

5.1Explain Hooke’s Law of Elasticity
5.2Derive formula for Motion under an elastic restoring force
5.3Derive formulae for simple harmonic motion and simple pendulum
5.4Explain wave form with reference to S.H.M. and circular motion
5.5Explain Resonance
5.6Explain transverse & longitudinal waves.
5.7Use the above concepts and formulae of S.H.M. to solve relevant problems.

25
6. UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS OF SOUND.
6.1Describe longitudinal wave and its propagation
6.2Explain the concepts: Intensity, loudness, pitch and quality of sound
6.3Explain units of Intensity level and frequency response of ear
6.4Explain phenomena of silence zones, beats
6.5Explain Acoustics of buildings
6.6Explain Doppler Effect giving mathematical expressions and its application

7. USE THE CONCEPTS OF GEOMETRICAL OPTICS TO MIRRORS AND

LENSES.
7.1Explain laws of reflection and refraction
7.2Use mirror formula to solve problems
7.3Use the concepts of image formation by mirrors and lenses to describe working of
optical instruments, e.g. microscopes, telescopes, cameras.
7 UNDERSTAND WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT.
7.1Explain wave theory of light
7.2Explain phenomena of interference, diffraction, polarization of light waves
7.3Describe uses of polarization given in the course contents

9. UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, WORKING AND USES OF OPTICAL FIBER.

9.1Explain the structure of the Optical Fiber
9.2Explain its principle of working
9.3Describe use of optical fiber in industry and medicine.

10. UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE, WORKING AND USES OF LASERS.

10.1 Explain the stimulated emission of radiation
10.2 Explain the laser principle
10.3 Describe the structure and working of lasers
10.4 Distinguish between types of lasers
10.5 Describe the applications of lasers in the fields mentioned in the course contents.

11. UNDERSTAND CONCEPTS OF HEAT.

11.1 Explain calorimetric and modes of transfer of heat
11.2 Explain Gas laws giving mathematical expressions
11.3 Explain Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
11.4 Distinguish between absolute and relative humidity
11.5 Distinguish between heat of fusion, vaporization
11.6 Explain Law of cooling
11.7 Explain basic concepts of Thermoelectricity
11.8 Describe Thermocouple, giving its principle, structure and working.

26
12. UNDERSTAND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS.
12.1 Distinguish between heat energy and internal energy
12.2 Explain first law of thermodynamics giving its applications by defining Isothermal
and adiabatic process
12.3 Distinguish between isometric and adiabatic processes
12.4 Explain second law of thermodynamics describing alternate statements
12.4 Distinguish between work of heat engine and refrigerator.

13. UNDERSTAND LAWS OF ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND EMMISION

RADIATION.
13.1 Explain modes of transfer of heat
13.2 Explain black body radiation and laws of energy distribution
13.3 Describe Planck’s Quantum theory
13.4 Explain photoelectric effects
13.5 Explain production, properties and uses of x-rays

14. UNDERSTAND NATURE, TYPES, GENERATION AND SPECTRUM

OF ELECTROMMAGNETIC WAVES.
14.1 Explain magnetic field due to current and electric field due to changing magnetic
flux
14.2 Explain moving fields
14.3 Describe types of electromagnetic waves
14.4 Explain generation of radio waves
14.5 Explain spectrum of electromagnetic waves

15. UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS AND

RELEVANT ACTIVITIES.
15.1 Describe the structure of the nucleus
15.2 Explain Radioactivity and Radioactive series
15.3 Explain transmutation of elements
15.4 Distinguish between fission reaction and fusion reaction
15.5 Explain the structure and working of the nuclear reactor

16. UNDERSTAND NUCLEAR RADIATIONS THEIR EFFECTS AND USES.

16.1 Describe properties of nuclear radiations and their interaction with matter
16.2 Explain working of radiations detectors
16.3 Explain damaging effects of nuclear radiation
16.4 Explain radiations therapy
16.5 Describe radioactive tracers

17. UNDERSTAND TYPES AND USES OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES.

17.1 Explain escape velocity
17.2 Explain orbital velocity
17.3 Distinguish between geosynchronous and geostationary satellite
17.4 Describe uses of artificial satellite in data communications

27
18. UNDERSTAND BASIC CONCEPTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC
MATERIALS.
18.1 Explain domains theory of magnetism
18.2 Distinguish between Para, dia and ferromagnetism and magnetic materials
18.3 Distinguish between B and H
18.4 Describe B.H. Curve
18.5 Describe hysteresis loop.

19. UNDERSTAND BASIC CONCEPTS OF SEMI-CONDUCTOR MATERIALS

AND THEIR USES.
19.1 Explain crystalline structure of solids
19.2 Distinguish between conductors, semiconductors and insulators
19.3 Describe semiconductors giving example with reference to their structure
19.4 Distinguish between P-type and N-type materials
19.5 Explain working of P-N junction as a diode
19.6 Explain working of solar cell

28
PHY-113 APPLIED PHYSICS

LIST OF PRACTICAL 96 Hours

1. Draw graph representing the functions:

a) Y= mx for m=0, 0.5, 1, 2
b) Y= X2
c) Y= 1/x
2. Find the volume of a given solid cylinder using vernier calipers.
3. Find the area of cross-section of the given wire using micrometer screw gauge.
4. Prove that force is directly proportional to (a) mass, (b) acceleration, using fletchers' trolley.
5. Verify law of parallelogram of forces using Grave-sands apparatus.
6. Verify law of triangle of forces and Lami's theorem
7. Determine the weight of a given body using
a) Law of parallelogram of forces
b) Law of triangle of forces
c) Lami's theorem
8. Verify law of polygon of forces using Grave-sands apparatus
9. Locate the position and magnitude of resultant of like parallel forces
10. Determine the resultant of two unlike parallel forces
11. Find the weight of a given body using principle of moments
12. Locate the centre of gravity of regular and irregular shaped bodies
13. Find Young's Modules of Elasticity of a metallic wire.
14. Verify Hook’s Law using helical spring.
15. Study of frequency of stretched string with length
16. Study of variation of frequency of stretched spring with tension
17. Study resonance of air column in resonance tube and find velocity of sound.
18. Find the frequency of the given tuning fork using resonance tube.
19. Find velocity of sound in rod by Kundt's tube.
20. Verify rectilinear propagation of light and study shadow formation
21. Study effects of plane mirror on reflection
22. Compare the reflective indices of given glass slabs
23. Find focal length of concave mirror by locating centre of curvature
24. Find focal length of concave mirror by object and image method
25. Find focal length of concave mirror with converging lens
26. Find reflective index of glass by apparent depth
27. Find reflective index of glass by spectrometer
28. Find focal length of converging lens by plane mirror
29. Find focal length of converging lens by displacement methods
30. Find focal length of diverging lens using converging lens
31. Find focal length of diverging lens using concave mirror
32. Find angular magnification of an astronomical telescope.
33. Find angular magnification of a simple microscope (magnifying glass)
34. Find angular magnification of a compound microscope
35. Study working and structure of camera
29
36. Study working and structure of sextant
37. Compare the different scales of temperature and verify the conversion formula
38. Determine the specific heat of lead shots.
39. Find the coefficient of linear expansion of a metallic rod.
40. Find the heat of fusion of ice
41. Find the heat of vaporization.
42. Determine relative humidity using hygrometer

30
Comp-122 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Total contact hours

Theory 32 Hours T P C
Practical 96 Hours 1 3 2

Pre-requisite None

AIMS This subject will enable the student to be familiar with the operation of a Micro-computer.
He will also learn DOS, BASIC language and word processing to elementary level.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP) 6 Hours

1.1 Basics of computers
1.2 Classification of computers
1.3 Block diagram of a computer system
1.4 Binary number system
1.5 BIT, BYTE, RAM, ROM, EROM, EPROM
1.6 Input and output devices
1.7 Secondary storage media details
1.8 Processors and types
1.9 Using computer for system software
1.10 Using computers for application software.
1.11 Common types of software and their application.

2. DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS) 6 Hours

2.1 Internal commands
2.2 External commands
2.3 Batch files
2.4 Advance features.

3. BASIC LANGUAGE 10 Hours

3.1 Introduction to high level languages
3.2 Introduction to BASIC
3.3 REM Statement
3.4 Assignment statement
3.5 Input statement
3.6 Read-Data statement
3.7 IF-THEN statement
3.8 IF-THEN Else statement
3.9 FOR-NEXT statement
3.10 DIM statement
3.11 L PRINT statement
3.12 STOP statement
3.13 END statement
31
 3.14 Logic of a BASIC Programme
3.15 Running a BASIC Programme
3.16 Saving and Retrieving a Programme
3.17 Advance features

4. WORD PROCESSING 7 Hours

4.1 Starting word processor session
4.2 Opening a document
4.3 Saving a document
4.4 Ending word processor session (Temporarily)
4.5 Retrieving a document
4.6 Spell check
4.7 Margins and tab setting
4.8 Aligning Paragraph
4.9 Printing a document
4.10 Advance features

5. COMPUTER GRAPHIC IN BASIC 3 hours

5.1 Graphic fundamentals
5.2 Points and lines
5.3 Dots in space
5.4 A lightening blot
5.5 Shapes
5.6 Expanding circles and rectangles

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Ron S. Gottfrid, Programming with BASIC,
2. Any Word Processor Latest Release (e.g., Word, Word-Perfect etc).
3. ABC'S of DOS (latest release).
4. Judd Robbins, Mastering DOS 6.0 and 6.2

32
Comp-122 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. UNDERSTAND ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP).

1.1Describe basics of computers.
1.2Enlist different classification of computers.
1.3Explain block diagram of a computer system.
1.4Describe binary number system.
1.5State the terms used in computers such as BIT, BYTE, RAM, ROM, EROM,
EPROM.
1.6Identify input and output devices.
1.7Describe secondary storage media.
1.8Explain processor.
1.9Name different types of processors.
1.10 Explain the use of computer for system software.
1.11 Explain the use of computer for application software.
1.12 Enlist common types of software and their application.
1.13 Explain various application of above softwares mentioned in 1.12

2. UNDERSTAND DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS).

2.1Explain the use of various internal commands of DOS.
2.2Explain the use of various external commands of DOS.
2.3Describe batch files.
2.4Identify advanced features

3. UNDERSTAND BASIC LANGUAGE.

3.1Explain high level languages.
3.2Explain Basic language.
3.3Describe Rem statement
3.4Describe assignment statement
3.5Explain Input statement
3.6Explain Read-Data statement
3.7Explain If-Then Statement
3.8Explain If-then-Else Statement
3.9Explain For-Next Statement
3.10 Explain DIM Statement
3.11 Explain LPRINT statement
3.12 Explain stop statement
3.13 Explain end Statement
3.14 Describe Logic of Basic program
3.15 Describe running a Basic Program
3.16 Describe saving & retrieving Basic Program
3.17 Describe some Advance features of Basic program

33
4. UNDERSTAND WORD PROCESSING
SESSION 4.1. Describe word-processing
4.2Name command to be entered on Dos-prompt to load word-processor
4.3Identify initial screen
4.4Describe the command to open a document
4.5Describe the procedure for naming the document
4.6 Explain importance of giving extension to a document
4.7 Describe saving and retrieving a document
4.8 Explain importance of saving the work at regular intervals
4.9 State temporarily ending word-processing session & document retrieval
4.10 State procedure to re-enter word processor
4.11 State procedure to re-open the document and editing
4.12 Describe spell-check facility
4.13 Describe Margins & Tab Setting
4.14 Describe to align paragraph
4.15 Describe Re-editing techniques
4.16 Describe procedure to set-up printer
4.17 Describe command for printouts
4.18 Explain multiple-copy printout procedure
4.19 Explain some advance features
4.20 Describe procedure of condensed printing
4.21 Describe procedure for change of fonts

5. UNDERSTAND PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPUTER

GRAPHIC IN BASIC LANGUAGE
5.1Identify graphic fundamentals in basic language
5.2Explain to draw points and lines
5.3Explain to draw dot in space
5.4Explain to draw lighting blot
5.5Explain to draw shapes
5.6Explain to draw expanding circles and rectangles

34
Comp-122 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

LIST OF PRACTICALS 96 hours

DOS
1 Identify key board, mouse, CPU, disk drives, disks, monitor & printer
2 Practice for booting up of a computer system with DOS system disk and power off
system at DOS prompt
3 Practice for CLS, VER, VOL, DATE & TIME commands
4 Practice for COPY, REN commands
5 Practice for DEL, TYPE, PATH, PROMPT, COPY CON, MD, CD, RD commands
6 Practice of the practicals at S. No. 3, 4, 5
7 Practice for FORMAT command with /s, /4, /u switches
8 Practice for DISKCOPY, DISKCOMP commands
9 Practice for SCANDISK, XCOPY, DELTREE, TREE, LABEL commands
10 Practice for PRINT, UNDELETE commands
11 Practice for the practicals at S. No. 8, 9, 10, 11
12 Practice for creating a batch file

BASIC
1 Practice for loading & unloading BASIC software and identify role of function keys in
Basic
2 Identify role of various keys in continuation with ALT key in BASIC programming
3 Practice for CLS, LOAD, SAVE, FILE, RENUM command by loading any existing
BASIC Program
4 Practice for editing any existing BASIC Program
5 Prepare BASIC Program to display sum of two numbers using INPUTS
6 Prepare BASIC Program to display sum of two numbers using READ-DATA
7 Prepare BASIC Program to multiply two numbers
8 Prepare BASIC Program to calculate Area of Rectangle, when length and width are given
9 Prepare BASIC Program to calculate area of a circle when radius/diameter is given
10 Prepare very simple BASIC Programs using IF-THEN-ELSE and FOR-NEXT statement
11 Identify DIM statement
12 Practice for LPRINT statement for various Programs hard-copy output
WORD PROCESSING
1 Practice for loading & unloading a word processor
2 Practice for creating document & saving it
3 Practice for spell-check facility of the word-processor
4 Practice for editing an existing document
5 Practice for various word-processing Menu Options
6 Practice for printing a document
7 Practice for margin and TAB setting and document alignment
8 Practice for some advance features

35
 CHT-153 (Rev.) BASIC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Total contact hours

Theory 64 Hours T P C
Practical 96 Hours 2 3 3

OBJECTIVES:

1. To introduce the students with the basic concepts of fundamental units of measurement and their
interconversion; to train the students for representation of data with the help of various types of
graphs.
2. To introduce the students with the various types of pipes, pipe fittings, valves, steam traps and
thermal insulation
3. To give a clear understanding of symbols used in chemical plants and provide sufficient
knowledge about flow diagrams

CONTENTS HOURS

1.0HISTORY AND SCOPE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 04

1.1 History of Chemical Engineering

1.2 Scope of Chemical Engineering
1.3 Classification of Chemical Industries
1.4 Chemical Plant Layout and its Sections

2.0CONCEPT OF UNIT OPERATIONS AND UNIT PROCESSES 04

2.1 Introduction of Unit Operations and Unit Processes

2.2 List of Unit Operations
2.3 List of Unit Processes

3.0FLOW DIAGRAMS, MAJOR EQUIPMENTS AND STANDARD SYMBOLS 12

3.1 Flow diagrams and types

3.2 Major process equipment
3.3 Standard symbols
3.4

4.0UNITS AND DIMENSIONS 08

4.1 Physical quantities and their classification
4.2 System of Measurements
4.3 Units and Dimensions
4.4 Unit conversion
36
 4.5 Dimensional and Dimensionless quantities
4.6 Related Problems

5.0 REPRESENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC DATA 12

5.1 Scientific data

5.2 Types of data representation
5.3 Graphs and their types
5.4 Drawing different types of graphs and charts

6.0 PIPE AND TUBES 12

6.1 Type of pipes

6.2 Cast iron pipe, wrought iron pipe, steel pipe Aluminum pipes, plastic pipe, Rubber pipes
6.3 Pipe standards
6.4 Pipe fitting
6.5 Types of valves
6.6 Construction, working and application of gate valve, globe valve ball valve, plug cock,
needle valve, butterfly valve

7.0 STEAM TRAPS 04

7.1 Introduction to steam and steam traps
7.2 Types of steam traps

8.0 THERMAL INSULATION 08

8.1 Insulating material, properties and uses.

8.2 Insulation technique for steam pipes and vessels
8.3 Insulation technique for low temperature pipes

REFERENCE BOOKS

1 “Chemical engineering-A special study” by John McLean.

2 “Chemical process industries” by R. Norris Shreve.
3 “Introduction to chemical Engineering” by Walter L. Bedger and Julims T. Bencharo
4 “Introduction to chemical Engineering” by Little John
5 “Chemical engineering- an introduction” by Morton M. Denn.
th
6 Himmelblau David M. (2003), “Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering” 7
Ed., Published by Prentice Hall PTR.
7 Coulson J. M., Richardson J. f. “Chemical Engineering” Vol-6, The English Book
Society and Pergamon Press.

37
CHT-153 (Rev.) BASIC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.0 HISTORY AND SCOPE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

1.1 Describe the history of Chemical Engineering

1.2 Describe the scope of Chemical Engineering
1.3 Classify the different Chemical Industries
1.4 Enlist the different types of chemical industries in Pakistan
1.5 Understand the Chemical Plant Layout and its Sections

2.0 CONCEPT OF UNIT OPERATIONS AND UNIT PROCESSES

2.1 Introduction of Unit Operations and Unit Processes

2.1.1 To define the Unit Operations and Unit Processes

2.1.2 Industrial application of Unit Operations
2.1.3 Industrial application of Unit Processes

2.2 List of Unit Operations

2.2.1 Distillation
2.2.2 Evaporation
2.2.3 Absorption
2.2.4 Drying
2.2.5 Filtration
2.2.6 Screening etc.

2.3 List of Unit Processes

2.3.1 Combustion
2.3.2 Nitration
2.3.3 Halogenation
2.3.4 Sulphonation
2.3.5 Alkylation
2.3.6 Amination etc.

3.0 FLOW DIAGRAMS, MAJOR EQUIPMENTS AND STANDARD SYMBOLS

3.1 Flow diagrams and types

3.1.1 Define the flow diagrams

38
 3.1.2 Understand the types of flow diagrams

3.1.2.1 Block flow diagram

3.1.2.2 Process flow diagram
3.1.2.3 Piping & instrumentation diagram

3.2 Major process equipment

3.2.1 Heat transfer equipment

3.2.2 Mass transfer equipment
3.2.3 Auxiliary equipment

3.3 Standard symbols for major processing equipment

4.0 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

4.1 Physical quantities and their classification

4.1.1 Define primary quantity and secondary quantity

4.1.2 Give examples of primary quantities and secondary quantities

4.2 System of Measurements

4.2.1 Name different systems of measurement.

4.2.2 Name basic quantities of each system
4.2.3 Develop dimensions of derived quantities .

4.3 Units and Dimensions

4.3.1 Develop units to measure the derive quantities in different systems

4.3.2 Define different units used
4.3.3 Define Units of primary and secondary quantities

4.4 Unit conversion

4.4.1 Convert the units of one system into the other system

4.5 Dimensional and Dimensionless quantities

4.5.1 Differentiate between dimensional formula and dimensionless formula
4.5.2 Check the dimension of an engineering group as Reynolds Number Potential
Energy, Kinetic Energy.

5.0 REPRESENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC DATA

5.1 Scientific data

39
 5.1.1 Understand the concept of scientific data

5.2 Types of data representation

5.2.1 Tabular data representation

5.2.2 Graphical data representation
5.2.3 Give comparison between tabular and graphic representation of data

5.3 Graphs and their types

5.3.1 Define graph

5.3.2 Explain the types of graph

5.3.2.1 Pie
5.3.2.2 Line
5.3.2.3 Bar
5.3.2.4 Column
5.3.2.5 Area

5.4 Drawing different types of graphs and charts

5.4.1 Explain the steps necessary to draw a graph
5.4.2 Draw a simple graph
5.4.3 Note the end point from a graph
5.4.4 Take reading from a graph
5.4.5 Make extrapolation and interpolation on a graph

6.0 PIPES AND TUBES

6.1 Know the types of pipes

6.1.3 Enlist the types of pipes used by chemical industries

6.1.4 Give the field of applications of different types of pipes used
6.1.5 Give characteristics of different types of pipes used by chemical engineer

6.2 Apply the pipe standards.

6.2.1 Understand the concept of schedule No. for pipe
6.2.2 Select the schedule No according to the pipe duty (Pressure).

6.3 Introduction to pipe fittings

6.3.1 Define pipe fittings

6.3.2 Enlist the different pipe fitting used
6.3.3 Explain the functions of different pipe fittings used in chemical industries

40
 6.4 Types of valves
6.4.1 Define valve
6.4.2 Enlist the types of a valves

6.5 Understand construction and working of valves

6.5.1 Explain the construction and working of gate valve (rising and non-rising stem)
6.5.2 Explain the construction and working of globe valve
6.5.3 Explain the construction and working of ball valve, needle valve, butterfly valve and
safety valves
6.5.4 Select a proper valve according to need

7.0 STEAM TRAPS

7.1 Introduction to steam and steam traps

7.1.1 Explain the function of steam trap

7.1.2 Enlist the types of steam traps

7.2 Types of steam traps

7.2.1 Explain the construction and working of bucket trap

7.2.2 Explain the construction and working of inverted Bucket trap
7.2.3 Explain the construction and working of expansion trap
7.2.4 Explain the construction and working of impulse trap

8.0 THERMAL INSULATION

8.1 Understand insulating materials, properties and uses

8.1.1 Define thermal insulation

8.1.2 Explain the need of thermal insulation
8.1.3 Enlist the insulating materials used in chemical industry
8.1.4 Enlist the properties of a good insulating material

8.2 Apply the insulation technique for steam pipes and valves

8.2.1 Explain the method of steam pipe insulation (lagging)

8.2.2 Calculate the thickness of insulation layer on steam pipe by using the formula

8.3 Understand insulation technique for low temperature pipes

8.3.1 Decide the nature of insulation material for low temperature pipes
8.3.2 Explain the method of pipe insulation

41
CHT-153 (Rev.) BASIC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Calculation of dimensions of different secondary quantities.

2. Determination of units of different quantities in different measuring systems.
3. Conversion of units in different systems
4. Drawing of simple graph.
5. Graph reading
6. Pipe cutting
7. Pipe Threading
8. Pipe fittings
9. Installation of valves
10. Insulation of steam traps
11. Insulation of steam pipe lines
12. Drawing of symbols on charts
13. Drawing of Block Flow Diagram of different processes

42
 CHT- 164 GENERAL CHEMISTRY

T P C
2 6 4

OBJECTIVES

1 To present the students the principles of General chemistry.

2 To develop understanding of the scientific methods as applied to the development of laws
of chemistry.
3 To prepare the students for advance Laboratory Work.
4 To present the basic knowledge of Metallurgy to the students.

COURSE OUTLINES HOURS

1 CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY 02

1.1 Language of Chemistry

1.2 Molecular formula, Empirical formula
1.3 Chemical Equation

2 CHEMICAL LAWS 02

2.1 Law of conservation of mass, Law of constant proportion and their problems.
2.2 Law of Reciprocal proportion, Law of multiple proportion and their problems.

3 ATOMIC STRUCTURE 04

3.1 Passage of electricity through electrolytes solution and gases.

3.2 Rutherford atomic model and its defects.
3.3 Plank's theory, different types of spectrum and Bohr's theory, Defects in Bohr's theory.
3.4 Calculation of Energy, Radius and ware number.
3.5 Frequency of Electron by Bohr's atomic model.

4 CHEMICAL BOND 06

4.1 Ionic Bond

4.2 Covalent bond, definition with examples in each case.
4.3 Ionization Potential, Electron Affinity.
4.4 Electronegativity and Bond Energy.
4.5 Co-ordinate covalent Bond, sigma and --- Bond definition with example in each
4.6 Hybridization, structure of CH4, H20 and NH3 etc.

5 GASES

06

43
5.1 Behavior of gases, Kinetic theory of gases.
5.2 Boyle's and Charles law, General gas equation solution of problems (concerning gas
laws)
5.3 Grahm's law of diffusion Dalton's law of partial pressure and Gay Lussac law.

6 LIQUIDS 04

6.1 Properties of liquid viscosity its measurement.

6.2 Surface tension and its measurement.

7 SOLIDS 04

7.1 Preparation and properties of solid.

7.2 Classification of solid classification of crystal Lattice Energy.

8 SOLUTIONS 04

8.1 Solution Types of solution units.

8.2 Ideal and non-ideal solution

9 OXIDATION/REDUCTION 04

9.1 Oxidation and reduction important oxidizing and reducing agents.

9.2 Balancing of equation by oxidation number method.

10 WATER 04

10.1 Impurities and causes of water hardness.

10.2 Hard and soft water, removal of permanent and temporary hardness

11 ALLOYS DEFINITION AND CHEMISTRY 02

11.1 Composition, properties and uses of stainless steel.

11.2 German silver Bronze.
11.3 Nichrome and Amalgam
11.4 Bell metal and solder

11 ACID AND BASE 04

12.1 Concept of acid and base and their properties

12.2 Strong and weak acid and base examples
12.3 Basicity and acidity

12 SALTS 04

44
 13.1 Types of salts
13.2 Salt analysis

13 METALS 04

14.1 Difference between metal and non-metal

14.2 General methods of purification of ores

14 IRON ORES, IRON PURIFICATION 04

15.1 Manufacture of pig iron from blast furnace
15.2 Manufacture of steel and its uses

15 COPPER 02

16.1 Ores Extraction

16.2 Refining and uses of copper.

16 ALUMINIUM 02

17.1 Ores, Extraction and uses

17 CHROMIUM 02

18.1 Ores, Extraction and uses.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1 Chemistry part I for class XI

2 Chemistry part II for class XII
Recommended by the text book Board Punjab.
3 Practical chemistry for Intermediate classes.
4 Chemistry by Mr. Tariq Jamil.

45
 CHT-164 GENERAL CHEMISTRY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY

1.1Understand language of chemistry

1.1.1Give symbols of various elements
1.1.2Describe valency
1.1.3Explain radicals

1.2Write molecular formula and empirical formula

1.2.1Write molecular formula of different compounds
1.2.2Write empirical formula of different compounds

1.3Understand chemical equation

1.3.1Write skeleton equation
1.3.2Balance chemical equation by hit and trial method
1.3.3Balance chemical equation by partial equation method
1.3.4Balance chemical equation by ionic method

2CHEMICAL LAWS

2.1Understand law of conservation of mass and law of constant proportion

2.1.1State law of conservation of mass
2.1.2State law of constant proportion
2.1.3Solve the problem based on law of constant proportion
2.2Understand law of reciprocal proportion and law of multiple proportions
2.2.1State law of reciprocal proportion
2.2.2State law of multiple proportions
2.2.3Solve problems based on law of multiple proportion

3ATOMIC STRUCTURE

3.1Understand passage of electricity through electrolytic solution

3.1.1Name the atomic particles
3.1.2Describe discovery of electron
3.1.3Describe discovery of proton
3.1.4Explain discovery of neutron
3.2Understand Rutherford's model and Bohr's atom
3.2.1Enlist theories of atom
3.2.2Describe Rutherford's model atom
3.2.3Describe defects in Rutherford's model
3.3Understand Plank's theory
3.3.1Illustrate Plank's theory
46
 3.3.2 Defects in Plank's theory
3.3.3 Define band spectrum
3.3.4 Define line spectrum
3.3.5 Explain Bohr's theory
3.3.6 Give arrangement of electrons in Bohr's atom
3.3.7 Postulates of Bohr's theory
3.4 Understand energy of atom
3.4.1 Define wave number
3.4.2 Calculate energy of atom
3.5 Understand frequency of electron
3.5.1 Define frequency of electron
3.5.2 Calculate frequency of electoral

4. CHEMICAL BOND

4.1 Understand ionic bond

4.1.1 Define ionic bond
4.1.2 Illustrate ionic compounds
4.1.3 Enlist ionic compounds
4.2 Understand covalent bond
4.2.1 Explain covalent bond
4.2.2 Define single bond and give examples
4.2.3 Illustrate double bond and give examples
4.2.4 Describe triple bond and give examples
4.2.5 Describe covalent compounds
4.2.6 Name covalent compounds
4.3 Know ionization potential
4.3.1 Define ionization potential
4.3.2 Illustrate electron affinity
4.3.3 Give ionization potential of different atoms
4.4 Know electronegativity
4.4.1 Explain electronegativity
4.4.2 Define bond energy
4.4.3 Give example of electronegativity
4.5 Understand co-ordinate bond
4.5.1 Describe co-ordinate bond
4.5.2 Understand hybridization
4.5.3 Describe hybridization
4.6 Give example of Sigma bond
4.6.1 Distinguish between Sigma and pie bond
4.6.2 Illustrate structure
of different hybridized atom

5 GASES
5.1 Understand behavior of gases
5.1.1 Explain kinetic theory of gases
47
 5.1.2 Describe temperature effect on gases
5.2 Understand gas laws
5.2.1 State Boyle's law
5.2.2 State Charles law
5.2.3 Describe absolute temperature
5.2.4 Derive ideal gas equation
5.2.5 Solve problem based on ideal gas equation
5.2.6 State Graham's law of diffusion
5.2.7 Explain Dalton's law of partial pressure
5.2.8 State Gay Lussac’s law
5.2.9 Solve problems based on Graham's law of diffusion
5.2.10 Solve problems based on Gay Lussac's law

8 LIQUIDS

6.1 Understand properties of liquids

6.1.1 Define viscosity
6.1.2 Give units of viscosity in different systems
6.1.3 Enlist methods of measurement of viscosity
6.1.4 Explain measurement of viscosity by Ostwald's viscometer
6.1.5 Describe temperature effect on viscosity
6.2 Understand surface tension
6.2.1 Describe surface tension
6.2.2 Name the units of surface tension
6.2.3 Enlist methods for the measurement of surface tension.
6.2.4 Explain measurement of surface tension by Torsion balance.

6. SOLIDS

7.1 Understand properties of solids.

7.1.1 Enlist the properties of solids
7.1.2 Explain density
7.1.3 Give units of density
7.1.4 Give effect of temperature on volume.
7.1.5 Define amorphous state
7.1.6 Explain colloidal state.
7.1.7 Distinguish amorphous state, colloidal state and solid state.
7.2 Understand crystals
7.2.1 Name and types of crystals
7.2.2 Define crystal lattice.

7. SOLUTIONS

8.1 Understand types of solution

48
 8.1.1 Name of types of solution
8.1.2 Give example of different type of solution
8.1.3 Enlist the units used for the concentration of solution
8.1.4 Know ideal and no ideal solution
8.2 Know ideal and no ideal solution.
8.2.1 Give examples of ideal solution
8.2.2 Distinguish between ideal solution and non-ideal solution

8. OXIDATION/REDUCTION

9.1 Understand oxidation and reduction.

9.1.1 Describe oxidation with examples
9.1.2 Describe reduction with examples
9.1.3 Enlist oxidizing agent
9.1.4 Name reducing agent.

9.2 Understand balancing equation by oxidation number

9.2.1 Calculate oxidation number of an element in a compound.
9.2.2 Balance the equation.

9. WATER

10.1Enlist water sources

10.2Name the impurities of water
10.3Explain causes of hardness..
10.4Define hard water
10.5Describe soft water.
10.6Explain causes of hardness.
10.7Explain removal of permanent hardness by different methods.
10.8Explain removal of temporary hardness by different methods.

10. ALLOYS

11.1Composition of alloys
11.1.1Define alloys
11.1.2Give examples of alloys with their composition
11.1.3Enlist general properties of alloys
11.1.4 Give uses of alloys.
11.2 Know German silver and bronze
11.2.1 Give composition of German silver.
11.2.2 Give composition of bronze
11.2.3 Enlist uses of German silver.
11.2.4 Give uses of bronze

11.3 Know Nichrome and Amalgam

49
 11.3.1 Give the composition of Nichrome
11.3.2 Enlist uses of Nichrome
1.3.3 Define amalgam

11.4 Understand bell metal and solder.

11.4.1 Give composition of bell metal
11.4.2 Define solder
11.4.3 Give composition of solder
11.4.4 Enlist uses of bell metal
11.4.5 Give uses of solder

11. ACID AND BASE

11.1 Understand properties of acid and base
12.1.1 Define acid
12.1.2 Distinguish between acid and base
12.1.3 Describe general properties of acids
12.1.4 Explain in general properties of bases.
11.2 Understand strong and weak acid
12.2.1 Give examples of strong acid
12.2.2 Enlist examples of weak acid
12.2.3 Distinguish between strong and weak acid
11.3 Know acidity and basicity
12.3.1 Define acidity.
12.3.2 Define basicity
12.3.3 Calculate acidity and basicity

12 SALTS
12.1 Understand types of salts
12.1.1 Define salt
12.1.2 Name types of salt
12.1.3 Explain metal salt with examples
12.1.4 Explain acidic salt with examples
12.1.5 Explain basic salt with examples
12.1.6 Illustrate double salt with examples
12.1.7 Distinguish between double salt and complex salt

13 METALS

13.1 Understand metals

14.1.1 Define metals
14.1.2 Give examples of materials
14.1.3 Differentiate metals and non-metals

13.2 Understand purification of ores

14.2.1 Define ores
14.2.2 Name impurities of ores
50
 14.2.3 Enlist methods of purification of ores

14.2.4 Explain different methods of purification of ores

13.3 Understand methods of extraction of metals
14.3.1 Name methods of extraction of metals
14.3.2 Describe different methods of extraction

14 IRON

14.1 Understand iron purification

15.1.1 List ores of iron
15.1.2 Name impurities of iron ores
15.1.3 List steps involved in the purification of iron
14.2 Understand manufacture of pig iron
15.2.1 Define pig iron
15.2.2 Name the furnaces
used for manufacture of pig iron
15.2.3 List the material required for melting of pig iron
15.2.4 Explain reactions of blast furnace
14.3 Understand manufacture of steel
15.3.1 Enlist types of steel
15.3.2 Give composition of steel
15.3.3 Describe manufacture of steel

15 COPPER

15.1 Understand extraction of copper

16.1.1 Enlist ores of copper
16.1.2 Name the extraction methods of copper
16.1.3 Name equipment used for extraction of copper
16.1.4 Describe copper extraction
15.2 Understand copper refining and uses of copper
16.2.1 Explain refining of copper
16.2.2 Enlist of copper

16. ALUMINIUM

16.1 Understand extraction of aluminium

16.1.1 List ores of aluminium
16.1.2 Name methods of aluminium extraction
16.1.3 Explain electrolysis of bauxite
16.1.4 Give the uses of aluminium

17. CHOROMIUM

17.1 Understand chromium extraction

17.1.1 Enlist chromium ores

51
17.1.2 Describe chromium extraction
17.1.3 Name alloys of chromium
17.1.4 Enlist use of chromium

52
CHT-164 GENERAL CHEMISTRY

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1 Salt Analysis
2 Acidic Radicals
3 Dilute Acid Group
4 Concentrated Acid Group
5 Special Group
6 Basic Radicals
st
7 1 Group Radicals
nd
8 2 Group Radicals
nd
i. 2 A
nd
ii. 2 B
rd
9 3 Group Radicals
th
10 4 Group Radicals
th
11 5 Group Radicals
th
12 6 Group Radicals
13 Analytical Balance Weighing Techniques
14 Separation of Salts By
a. Sublimation Process
b. Filtration Process
c. Sedimentation Process
15 Practical Note Book
16 Salt Analysis Scheme

53
MT-143 (Rev.) BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING & CAD-I
T P C
1 6 3
Total contact hrs.
Theory 32
Practicals 192
Pre-requisite: None

AIMSAt the end of this course the students will be able to understand the fundamentals of engineering
drawing used in the various fields of industry specially in the Mechanical Technology. The
student will be familiarized with the use of conventional drawing instruments as well as the
modern technology used for this subject. The CAD portion of the subject will provide the student
the knowledge & use of computer in the subject of Engineering Drawing.

COURSE CONTENTS

PART-A ENGINEERING DRAWING

1. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING 1 Hours
1.1 Technical drawing and the technician.
1.2 Use of technical drawing.
1.3 Common drawing forms.
1.4 Application of drawing forms.
1.5 Practices and conventions.
2. DRAWING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES. 2 Hours
2.1 Drawing pencil
2.2 Drawing papers specifications
2.3 Drawing Instruments
2.4 Use and care of drawing instruments and material.
3. ALPHABET OF LINES USED IN DRAWING 2 Hours
3.1 Importance the alphabet of lines.
3.2 Common alphabet of lines
3.3 Uses and correct line weightage of the line.
3.4 Application of line
4. LETTERING. 2 Hours
4.1 Importance of good lettering.
4.2 Single stroke of gothic.
4.3 Letter strokes.
4.4 Letter guide lines.
4.5 Vertical single stroke gothic
4.6 Inclined single stroke gothic
4.7 Composition of lettering

5. DRAWING LINES TECHNOLOGY 2 Hours

5.1 Introduction to sketching techniques
5.2 Sketching lines
54
 5.3 Sketching circles and arcs
5.4 Sketching ellipse.
5.5 Sketching views of objects
6. GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 2 Hours
6.1 Introduction to geometry
6.2 Definition of terms
6.3 Different conventional shapes, surfaces and objects
6.4 Basic geometrical construction
6.5 Construction, ellipse, parabola
6.6 Involute and cycloids
7. INTRODUCTION TO MULTI-VIEW PROJECTIONS 3 Hours
7.1 Definition and concept of multi-view drawings
7.2 Proceptual vies of plan of projections
7.3 Orthographic projections
7.4 1st angle and 3rd angle projections
7.5 Principal views
7.6 Arrangement of views
7.7 Multi-view drawings
8. INTRODUCTION TO PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. 2 Hours
8.1 Uses of pictorial
8.2 Three types of pictorial views
8.3 Isometric sketching of rectangular block
8.4 Isometric sketching of Arcs and circles
8.5 Oblique sketching of rectangular block
8.6 One point perspective sketching of a rectangular block.
8.7 Two point perspective sketching of a rectangular block.
8.8 Preparation of pictorial drawings of simple objects.
9. BASIC DIMENSIONING. 2 Hours
9.1 Definition of dimensioning.
9.2 Types of dimensioning.
9.3 Elements of dimensioning.
9.4 System of measurements.
9.5 Dimensioning multi-view drawings.
9.6 Dimensioning pictorial views.
9.7 Dimensioning rules and practices.
9.8 Notes and specification

10. SECTIONING AND SECTIONAL VIEWS. 2 Hours

10.1 Definition and purpose.
10.2 Cutting planes position and cutting plane lines
10.3 Types of sectional views.
10.4 Conventional section lines of different materials.
10.5 Practice sectioned views.

11. MULTI-VIEW DRAWING OF MACHINE ELEMENTS 2 Hours

11.1 Terminology and drawing of rivets and riveted joints
11.2 Terminology and drawing of screw threads
55
 11.3 Terminology and drawing of keys and cotters
11.4 Description and drawing of simple bearings
11.5 Describe and drawing of simple coupling

PART-B : CAD-I
12. CAD FUNDAMENTALS 2 Hours
12.1 CAD & its importance
12.2 Purposes
12.3 Advantages
13. CAD SOFTWARE 2 Hours
13.1 CAD Abbreviations
13.2 CAD Help
13.3 Co-ordinate systems
14. BORDER TEMPLATE 2 Hours
14.1 Drawing area
14.2 SNAP & GRID
14.3 Pedit & Qsave
15.TITLE BLOCK 2 Hours
15.1 Change Command
15.2 Layer creation
15.3 Zooming
15.4 Typefaces of CAD
15.5 Plotting
16.LINES & CIRCLES 2 Hours
16.1 Dedit
16.2 Analyzed line drawing
16.3 U & Redo command
16.4 Drawing a circle

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Engineering drawing by French Wirk
2. ABC's of Auto CAD Release-12 by Alan R Miller

56
MT-143 (Rev.) BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING & CAD-I

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

SECTION-I ENGINERING DRAWING

1. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING

1.1Know the uses of Technical Drawing
1.1.1Describe the importance of Technical Drawing from the point of view of a Technician
1.1.2Explain the main uses of Technical Drawing from the point of view of a Technician
1.2Recognizes the different application of Technical drawing
1.2.1 Identify commonly used drawing forms
1.2.2 Illustrate the different drawing forms
1.2.3 Differentiate different drawing forms
1.2.4 Develop Technical vocabulary

2. KNOW THE COMMON DRAWING TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES

2.1Identify the uses of different pencils for Technical Drawing.
2.2Identify different paper sizes for drawing.
2.3Identify different types of papers suitable for drawing.
2.4Identify different types of erasers and their uses.
2.5Maintain a will sharpened pencil for drawing.
2.6Describe the drawing instruments.
2.7State the use of drawing instruments.

3. UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF ALPHABET, CORRECT WEIGHTAGE AND

APPLICATION OF LINES USES IN TECHNICAL DRAWING.
3.1 Knows the importance of lines.
3.2 Knows the Alphabet of lines.
3.3 Identify the lines characteristics of each alphabet of lines.
3.4 Draw horizontal, vertical and inclined lines
3.5 Draw alone line with correct weightages

4. APPLIES THE GOOD LETTERING AN A DRAWING

4.1Know the importance of lettering in a Technical engineering drawing.
4.2Identify the letter style used in Technical drawing.
4.3State letter strokes and guide lines.
4.4Perform better stroke in single stroke gothic.
4.5Print vertical single stroke letters and numbers.
4.6Print inclined single stroke letters and numbers.
4.7Observe stability and pleasing appearance of letters in printing

5. UNDERSTAND SELECTING OF CIRCLES, ARCS, AND VIEWS OF OBJECTS.

5.1Draw circular an arc using circular line method.
57
 5.2 Draw a circular arc using square method.
5.3 Draw an ellipse using rectangular method.
5.4 Draw views of simple objects.

6. APPLY DRAWING SKILL WITH THE AID OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

IN GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION
6.1Define common terms used in geometrical construction.
6.2Explain different geometrical shapes, surfaces of objects.
6.3Draw basic geometrical construction.
6.4Draw involute, cycloid, spiral, tangent to circle and are

7. UNDERSTAND THE MULTI VIEW OF PROJECTIONS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

7.1Define the concept of multi-view drawings.
7.2Knows principle planes of projections.
7.3Knows the orthographic method of projection.
7.4Explain the 1st and 3rd angle projections.
7.5State six principle views.
7.6Practice multi-view projections.

8. APPLY THE USE, TYPES AND METHODS OF PICTORIAL VIEWS

8.1Knows the use of pictorial views.
8.2Knows the pre-requisite of pictorial drawing.
8.3State three types of pictorial drawings.
8.4Draw isometric view of rectangular Blocks, Ares, circles.
8.5Draw oblique sketching of rectangular blocks.
8.6Draw one-point perspective view of a Rectangular block.
8.7Draw Two point perspective view of a rectangular block.
8.8Prepare/draw pictorial drawings of simple objects.

9. APPLY GOOD DIMENSIONING ON MULTIVIEWS AND PICTORIALS.

9.1Define dimensioning.
9.2Identify the types of dimensioning.
9.3Enlist the elements of dimensioning.
9.4Identify the system of measurements.
9.5Indicate complete dimension on multi view drawings.
9.6Indicate complete dimension or pictorial drawings.
9.7Follow the general rules for dimensioning.
9.9Indicate notes and specification or multiview drawings.

10. APPLY THE SECTIONING METHODS OF MATERIAL AND DRAW SECTIONAL

VIEWS.
10.1 Define sectioning and its purpose.
10.2 Describe cutting planes and lines.
10.3 State types of sectional views.
10.4 Explain conventional section lines of different materials.
58
 10.5 Practice sectioning.

11. APPLY DRAWING METHODS TO DRAW MULTIVIEWS OF MACHINE

ELEMENTS. 11.1 Draw multiviews of vee-block.
11.2 Draw multiviews of Gland
11.3 Draw keys & cotters.
11.4 Draw Multi views of simple bearing.

SECTION-II COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN.

12. UNDERSTAND CAD

FUNDAMENTALS. 12.1 Define CAD.
12.2 Describes importance of CAD.
12.3 States purpose of CAD.
12.4 Explain advantages of CAD.
12.5 Establish importance of CAD usage in industry.

13. UNDERSTAND CAD SOFTWARE.

13.1 Describe computer system requirements for CAD (e.g Auto CAD release 12 or latest).
13.2 State procedure of giving command to CAD.
13.3 State CAD (e.g autocad rel. 12 or latest) abbreviations.
13.4 State use of function keys.
13.5 Describe procedure of giving commands with a mouse.
13.6 Explain procedure of getting general help for a specific command.
13.7 Explain drawing cursor and coordinate read out.
13.8 Explain cartesian notion.
13.9 Explain polar notation.

14. UNDERSTAND BORDER TEMPLATE OF A

DRAWING. 14.1 Describe setting up of drawing area.
14.2 Describe setting of displayed digits.
14.3 Explain changing the drawing limits.
14.4 Explain use of grid system (auto rel-12 or latest).
14.5 Explain adjustment of drawing scale.
14.6 Explain procedure of drawing line with line command.
14.7 Explain P-edit command for widening boarder.
14.8 Explain procedure of saving boarder template.

15. UNDERSTAND ADDING A TITLE BLOCK TO THE BORDER

DRAWING. 15.1 Describe checking the drawing time.
15.2 Explain Change command.
15.3 Explain creation of layer for title block.
15.4 Explain procedure of creating a title block.
15.5 Explain Zoom command.
59
 15.6 Explain importance of saving a drawing.
15.7 Explain use of CAD (Autocad R-12 or latest).
15.8 Explain filling in the title block by writing drawing title,name etc.
15.9 Explain procedure of plotting drawing on a plotter or printer.
15.10 Explain Qsave command.

16. UNDERSTAND DRAWING LINES AND

CIRCLES. 16.1 State beginning of a new drawing.
16.2 Explain Dedit command (autocad R-12 or latest).
16.3 Describe viewing the entire drawing.
16.4 Explain drawing of angled line.
16.5 Explain U-command.
16.6 Explain Redo command.
16.7 Explain drawing a circle with circle command.
16.8 Explain automatic work saving procedures.

60
MT-143(Rev.) BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING & CAD-I

LIST OF PRACTICALS 192 Hours

A. BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING:

1. Lettering 5mm height
2. Lettering 3mm height
3. Use of Tee Square and set squares for drawing horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
4. use of Tee square and for drawing centres, crossing of lines
5. use of compass, circles, half circles, radius.
6. Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle.
7. Plane geometry angles and triangles.
8. Plane Geometry quadrilateral square rhombus, rectangle and parallelogram
9. Plane geometry parallel-lines, perpendicular, bisect line and angle.
10. Plane geometry equal division of line and some radio with the help of compass and
set square.
11. Plane geometry inscribe and circumscribe square, triangle and hexagon.
12. Plane geometry of construction of polygon, five, six, seven and eight sides.
13. Plane geometry of inscribe pentagon in a circle and pentagon by general and
different methods.
14. Plane geometry of tangent of circle inside and outside
15. Plane geometry of construction of ellipse with two methods.
16. Plane geometry of construction of ellipse with next two methods.
17. Plane geometry of construction of parabola curve 4 methods
18. Plane geometry of construction of hyperbola curve
19. Plane geometry of Spiral curve
20. Plane geometry of helix curve.
21. Plane geometry of construction of involute curve of square rectangle hexagon and circle
22. Different types of drawing lines.
23. Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle L block
24. Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Step Block
25. Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Vee block
26. Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Given Block
27. Orthographic projection 1 and 3rd angle Additional Block
28. Orthographic projection and Isometric Drawing Given Block
29. Orthographic projection and Isometric Drawing Given Block next
30. Orthographic projection and Isometric Drawing Given Block next
31. Different types of sectioning
32. different section lines for different material
33. Orthographic projection of Vee block sectional views.
34. Orthographic projection Gland sectional views
35. Orthographic projection Open bearing sectional views
36. Concept for different types of Drawings
37. Isometric and oblige drawings of cube with one hole.
38. Isometric and oblige drawings of another given block.
61
39. Missing lines and portions on given views
40. Missing lines and portions on given views next
41. Missing lines and portions on given views next
42. Missing lines and portions on given views next
43. Isometric scale and development of cube
44. Development of prism
45. Development of cylinder
46. Development of Cone
47. Development of Pyramid
48. Thread profile of square and vee threads.
49. Different types of threads
50. Sketch of hexagonal nut and bolt
51. Rivet heads
52. Single riveted lap joint
53. Single riveted but joint

B. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (Auto cad Rel-12 or latest).

1. Practice loading CAD software into computer memory.
2. Practice un loading CAD software safely and cone to Dos prompt.
3. Practice CAD abbreviations, auto CAD release 12 of latest (e.g A for Arc, C for circle,
E for Erase etc).
4. Practice function keys for short cuts.
5. Practice to draw two points using cartesian Notation on graph paper
6. Practice to draw straight line using polar coordinates on graph paper
7. Set-up drawing area using CAD software
8. Practice for Turning GRID ON and OFF and SNAP on and OFF
9. Draw a line with line command
10. Widen Border lines with pedit
11. Save Border Template (QSAVE)
12. Create layers and move border to it's own layer
13. Create a layer for Title Block
14. Create Title Block
15. Practice for Zoom command
16. Practice for CAD Type faces (Auto CAD Rel-12 or latest)
17. Practice for filling Title Block
18. Practice for plotting the drawing on plotter or printer
19. Begin a New drawing
20. Practice with Dedit command to make changes in the drawing
21. Draw an Angled line
22. Practice with U-Command and Redo command
23. Draw a circle with circle command

62
 Pht-113 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY - I

T P C
2 3 3

Course Objectives:

At the end of this course students will be acquainted with status of Pharmaceutical industry
in Pakistan, types of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, manufacturing of these dosage forms
along with stability parameters and methods of application.

Course Contents

Introduction about Pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan, future challenges for pharmaceutical

industry in Pakistan, Pharmaceutical exports opportunities. 04 hours

1. Liquid Dosage Forms 08 hours

1.1 Solubility
1.2 Types of liquid dosage preparations
1.3 Preparation of oral solutions, syrups and elixirs
1.4 Stability considerations in the liquid dosage forms

2 Semi Solid Dosage Forms (emulsions, suspensions and gels) 18 hours

2.1 Types of semisolid dosage forms and methods of preparation

2.2 Manufacturing Parameters
2.3 HLB system
2.4 Stability considerations
2.5 Batch Size
2.6 Equipments used for manufacturing and packaging

3 Suppositories 08 hours

3.1 Methods of preparation and equipment used

3.2 Classification of suppository bases
3.3 Packaging
3.4 Stability and storage considerations

4 Pharmaceutical Aerosols 08 hours

4.1 Aerosol principle
4.2 Components of aerosol system
63
 4.3 Types of aerosol systems
4.4 Advantage and uses of aerosol dosage form
4.5 Filling, packaging and storage

5 Otic, Nasal and Ophthalmic Preparations 08 hours

5.1 Methods of preparation and equipment used

5.2 Sterility and stability considerations
5.3 Packaging and storage

6 Transdermal Dosage Form (Creams, Ointments, Lotions and pastes) 10 hours

6.1 Structure and Functions of Skin, hair and neils

6.2 Percutaneous absorption and factors affecting percutaneous absorption
6.3 Types of transdermal dosage forms
6.4 Methods of preparation of different transdermal dosage forms
6.5 Equipments used for preparation of transdermal dosage forms
6.6 Types of bases and their selection

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Pharmaceutical Technology by Gayathri V. Patil and Harpal Singh

2. Modern Pharmaceutical Industry – A Primer by Thomas M Jacobsen and Albert
I Werthimer
3. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy by David B Troy and Paul Beringer
4. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery System by Howard Ansel and
Nicholas Popovich.

64
 Pht.113 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY - I

T P C
2 3 3

List of Practical (96 hours)

1. Preparations of solutions by chemical reactions. (Buchner filler)

2. Preparations of emulsions by agitators,

3. Preparations of emulsions by mixers

4. Preparations of emulsions by colloidal mills and homogenizers)

5. Preparations of suspensions by hammer mills

6. Preparations of suspensions by ball mills

7. Preparations of suspensions by roller mills

8. Preparation of ointments and creams by Hobart mixer

9. Preparation of ointments and creams by rotating mixer

10. Use of tube filling machine under Laminar Flow Hood

11. Preparation of suppositories through compression molding

12. Preparation of suppositories through fusion (cold compression machine,

automatic molding machine)

65
 Pht-113 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY - I

Instructional Objectives:

Introduction:
a) Introduction about Pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan
b) How medicine demand for country is managed
c) Regulation of pharmaceutical sector by Govt of Pakistan
d) Describe the future challenges for pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan,
e) What are Pharmaceutical exports opportunities?

1. Liquid Dosage Forms

1.1 Define the solutions

1.2 Explain the term Solubility
1.3 Describe the solubility of organic and inorganic molecules with examples
1.4 What are the factors which can affect solubility
1.5 What are the types of liquid dosage preparations
1.6 How oral solutions are prepared
1.7 How syrups are prepared and what are the essential ingredients required
for preparation of syrups
1.8 How medicated and non medicated elixirs are prepared
1.9 Describe the important stability considerations for liquid dosage forms

2 Semi Solid Dosage Forms (emulsions, suspensions and gels)

2.1Describe the types of semisolid dosage forms
2.2Describe the reasons and important features of pharmaceutical suspensions
2.3How suspensions are prepared in laboratory and industrial scale
2.4Explain the emulsions with their purpose of manufacturing
2.5Explain the theories of emulsification and types of emulsifiers commonly used for
preparation of emulsions
2.6Describe the methods of formulation of emulsions
2.7What is HLB system how it affects formulation of emulsions.
2.8Describe the term Rheology with its importance in formulation of semisolid dosage
forms
2.9How Rheology is measured with the help of Brookfield viscometer
2.10 Why gels are used as semisolid dosage form
2.11 Describe the important stability considerations for semisolid dosage forms
2.12 Describe the working of equipments used for manufacturing of semisolid dosage
forms

3 Suppositories

3.1 Describe the suppository dosage form

3.2 Describe types of rectal, vaginal and urethral preparations
66
 3.3 What are important factors affecting absorption of rectal suppositories
3.4 Explain equipments used for preparation of suppositories by molding and
compression methods.
3.5 Classify and explain the suppository bases
3.6 Explain methods of packaging of suppositories
3.7 Describe stability and storage considerations for suppositories

4 Pharmaceutical Aerosols

4.1 Describe the Aerosol principle

4.2 What are components of aerosol system
4.3 Enlist and explain the different types of aerosol systems
4.4 Describe advantages and uses of aerosol dosage form
4.5 Explain the filling, packaging and storage of aerosols

5 Otic, Nasal and Ophthalmic Preparations

5.1 What are ophthalmic preparations

5.2 Describe ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, ointments and inserts
5.3 Explain the importance of isotonicity, sterility and viscosity for stability
and preservation of ophthalmic preparations
5.4 Enlist types of nasal and otic preparations
5.5 Explain the methods and equipments used for preparation of otic, nasal and
opthalimic preparations.

6 Transdermal Dosage Form

6.1 Describe and differentiate structure and functions of Skin, hair and neils
6.2 Explain percutaneous absorption and factors affecting percutaneous absorption
6.3 How many types of transdermal dosage forms are used
6.4 Explain the methods of preparation of ointments and creams
6.5 Explain the working of different equipments used for manufacturing of creams and
ointments.
6.6 Enlist types of ointment bases
6.7 Explain the properties of ointment bases and factors affecting the selection of ideal
base
6.8 Describe lotions, pastes, plasters, liniments and tinctures.

67
DAE Technology

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70
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74
Math 223 APPLIED MATHEMATICS-II

Total Contact Hours T P C

Theory 96 Hours 3 0 3

Pre-requisite: Must have completed Mathematics I.

AIMS The students will be able to:

1. Solve problems of Calculus and Analytic Geometry.

2. Develop mathematical skill, attitudes and logical perception in the use of
mathematical instruments.
3. Apply principles of Differential Calculus to work out rate measures, velocity,
acceleration, maxima & minima values
4. Use Principles of Integral Calculus to compute areas & volumes.
5. Acquire proficiency in solving technological problems with mathematical clarity
and insight.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. FUNCTIONS & LIMITS. 6 Hours

1.1 Constant & Variable Quantities
1.2 Functions & their classification
1.3 The concept of Limit
1.4 Limit of a Function
1.5 Fundamental Theorems on Limit
1.6 Some important Limits
1.7 Problems

2. DIFFERENTIATION 6 Hours
2.1 Increments
2.2 Differential Coefficient or Derivative
2.3 Differentiation ab-initio or by first Principle
2.4 Geometrical Interpretation of Differential Coefficient
n n
2.5 Differential Coefficient of X , (ax + b)
2.6 Three important rules
2.7 Problems

3. DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 9 Hours

3.1 Explicit Functions
3.2 Implicit Functions
3.3 Parametric forms
3.4 Problems

75
 4. DIFFERENTIATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 6 Hours
4.1 Differential Coefficient of Sin x, Cos x, Tan x from first principle.
4.2 Differential Coefficient of Cosec x, Sec x, Cot x.
4.3 Differentiation of inverse Trigonometric functions.
4.4 Problems.

5. DIFFERENTIATIONS OF LOGARITHMIC & EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS6 Hours

5.1Differentiation of ln x
x
5.2Differentiation of Log a
x
5.3Differentiation of a
x
5.4Differentiation of e
5.5Problems

6. RATE OF CHANGE OF VARIABLES. 6 Hours

6.1 Increasing and decreasing functions
6.2 Maxima and Minima values
6.3 Criteria for maximum & minimum values
6.4 Methods of finding maxima & minima
6.5 Problems

7. INTEGRATION 9 Hours
7.1 Concept
7.2 Fundamental Formulas
7.3 Important Rules
7.4 Problems

8. METHODS OF INTEGRATION 9 Hours

8.1 Integration by substitution
8.2 Integration by parts
8.3 Problems

9. DEFINITE INTEGRALS 6 Hours

9.1 Properties
9.2 Application to area
9.3 Problems

10.DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 6 Hours

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Degree and Order
10.3 First order differential equation
10.4 Solution
10.5 Problems

11. PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY & STRAIGHT LINE 6 Hours

76
 11.1 Coordinate System
11.2 Distance Formula
11.3 The Ratio Formula
11.4 Inclination and slope of a line
11.5 The slope Formula
11.6 Problems

12. EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINE 6 Hours

12.1 Some important Forms
12.2 General Form
12.3 Angle Formula
12.4 Parallelism & Perpendicularity
12.5 Problems

13. EQUATIONS OF CIRCLE 6 Hours

13.1 Standard form of Equation
13.2 Central form of Equation
13.3 General form of Equation
13.4 Radius & Coordinates of the centre
13.5 Problems

14. STATISTICS 9 Hours

14.1 Concept of mean, median and mode
14.2 Standard deviation
14.3 Laws of probability
14.4 Problems

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Thomas Finny- Calculus and Analytic Geometry

2. Ghulam Yasin Minhas - Technical Mathematics Vol - II, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.
3. Prof. Riaz Ali Khan- Polytechnic Mathematic Series Vol I & II, Majeed Sons, Faisalabad
4. Prof. Sana Ullah Bhatti - Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Punjab Text Book Board,
Lahore.

77
Math-223 APPLIED MATHEMATICS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. USE THE CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR LIMITS IN SOLVING

SIMPLE PROBLEMS.
1.1Define a function.
1.2List all type of functions.
1.3Explain the concept of limit and limit of a function.
1.4Explain fundamental theorems on limits.
1.5Derive some important limits.
1.6solve problems on limits.

2. UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIAL COEFFICIENT

2.1Derive mathematical expression for a differential coefficient.
2.2Explain geometrical interpretation of differential coefficient.
2.3Differentiate a constant, a constant associated with a variable and the sum of finite
number of functions.
2.4Solve related problems.

3. USE RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF

ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS.
n n
3.1Differentiate ab-initio x and (ax+b) .
3.2Derive product, quotient and chain rules.
3.3Find derivatives of implicit functions and explicit functions.
3.4Differentiate parametric forms, functions w.r.t another function and by rationalization.
3.5Solve problems using these formulas.

4. USE RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION TO SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS.
4.1Differentiate from first principle sin x,Cos x,tan x.
4.2Derive formula Derivatives of Sec x, Cosec x, Cot x.
4.3Find differential coefficients of inverse trigonometric functions
4.3Solve problems based on these formulas.

5. USE RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION TO LOGARITHMIC AND

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS.
5.1Derive formulas for differential coefficient of Logarithmic and exponential functions.
5.2Solve problems using these formulas.

5. UNDERSTAND RATE OF CHANGE OF ONE VARIABLE WITH RESPECT TO

ANOTHER.

6.1 Derive formula for velocity, acceleration and slope ofa line.
78
 6.2 Define an increasing and a decreasing function, maxima and minima values, point
of inflexion.
6.3 Explain criteria for maxima and minima values of a function.
6.4 Solve problems involving rate of change of variables.

7. USE RULES OF INTEGRATION IN SOLVING RELEVANT PROBLEMS.

7.1Explain the concept of integration.
7.2State basic theorems of integration.
7.3List some important rules of integration.
7.4Derive fundamental formulas of integration.
7.5Solve problems of integration based on these rules/formulas.

8. UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT METHODS OF INTEGRATION

8.1List standard formulas of Integration.
8.2Integrate a function by substitution method.
8.3Find integrals by the method of integration by parts.
8.4Solve problems using these methods.

9. UNDERSTAND METHODS OF SOLVING DEFINITE INTEGRALS.

9.1Define definite integral.
9.2List properties of definite integrals.
9.3Find areas under the curves using definite integrals.
9.4Solve problems of definite integrals.

10. USE DIFFERENT METHODS OF INTEGRATION TO SOLVE DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS
10.1 Define a differential equation, its degree and order
10.2 Explain method of separation of variables to solve differential equation of first order
and first degree.
10.3 Solve differential equations of first order and first degree

11. UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF PLANE ANALYTIC

GEOMETRY. 11.1 Explain the rectangular coordinate system.
11.2 Locate points in different quadrants.
11.3 Derive distance formula.
11.4 Prove section formulas.
11.5 Derive Slope Formula
11.6 Solve problem using these formulas.

12. USE EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINE IN SOLVING PROBLEMS.

12.1 Define a straight line.
12.2 Write general form of equation of a straight line.
12.3 Derive slope intercept and intercept forms of equations of a straight line.
12.4 Derive expression for angle between two straight lines.
12.5 Derive conditions of perpendicularity and parallelism of two straight lines.

79
 12.6 Solve problems involving these equations/formulas.

13. SOLVE TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS USING EQUATIONS OF CIRCLE.

13.1 Define a circle.
13.2 Describe standard, central and general forms of the
equation of a circle.
13.3 Convert general form to the central form of equation of a circle.
13.4 Derive formula for the radius and the coordinates of the center of a circle from the
general form.
13.5 Derive equation of the circle passing through three given points.
13.6 Solve problems involving these equations.

14. UNDERSTAND THE BASIC CONCEPT OF STATISTICS.

14.1 Define mean, median and mode
14.2 Explain standard deviation
14.3 State laws of probability
14.4 Calculate the above mentioned quantities using the proper formula.

80
Mgm-211 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS
T P C
1 0 1
Total contact hours
Theory 32 Hrs.

Prerequisites: The students shall already be familiar with the language concerned.

AIMS The course has been designed to enable the students to.
1. Develop communication skills.
2. Understand basic principles of good and effective business writing in commercial
and industrial fields.
3. Develop knowledge and skill to write technical report with confidence and accuracy.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. COMMUNICATION PROCESS. 6 Hours

1.1 Purposes of communication
1.2 Communication process
1.3 Distortions in communication
1.4 Consolidation of communique
1.5 Communication flow
1.6 Communication for self development

2. ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS. 6 Hours

2.1 Significance of speaking.
2.2 Verbal and non-verbal messages.
2.3 Strategic steps of speaking.
2.4 Characteristics of effective oral messages.
2.5 Communication Trafficking.
2.6 Oral presentation.

3. QUESTIONING SKILLS. 3 Hours

3.1 Nature of question.
3.2 Types of questions.
3.3 Characteristics of a good question.
3.4 Questioning strategy

4. LISTENING SKILLS. 5 Hours

4.1 Principles of active listening.
4.2 Skills of active listening.
4.3 Barriers to listening.
4.4 Reasons of poor listening.
81
 4.5 Giving Feedback.

5. INTERVIEWING SKILLS. 3 Hours

5.1 Significance of interviews.
5.2 Characteristics of interviews.
5.3 Activities in an interviewing situation
5.4 Types of interviews.
5.5 Interviewing strategy.

6. REPORT WRITING. 3 Hours

6.1 Goals of report writing
6.2 Report format.
6.3 Types of reports.
6.4 Report writing strategy.

7. READING COMPREHENSION. 2 Hours

7.1 Reading problems.
7.2 Four Reading skills.

8. GROUP COMMUNICATION. 4 Hours

8.1 Purposes of conducting meetings.
8.2 Planning a meeting.
8.3 Types of meetings.
8.4 Selection f a group for meeting.
8.5 Group leadership skills.
8.6 Running a successful meeting.
8.7 Active participation techniques.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Sh. Ata-ur-Rehman Effective Business Communication & Report Writing.
2. Ulman J.N. Could JR. Technical Reporting.

82
Mgm-211 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. UNDERSTAND THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS.

1.1State the benefits of two way communication.
1.2Describe a model of communication process.
1.3Explain the major communication methods used in organization.
1.4Identify the barriers to communication and methods of overcoming these barriers.
1.5Identify misconceptions about communication.

2. UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF ORAL.

2.1Identify speaking situations with other peoples.
2.2Identify the strategy steps of speaking.
2.3Identify the characteristics of effective speaking.
2.4State the principles of one-way communication.
2.5State the principles of two-way communication.
2.6Identify the elements of oral presentation skills.
2.7Determine the impact of non-verbal communication on oral communication.

3. DETERMINE THE USES OF QUESTIONING SKILLS TO GATHER AND

CLARIFY INFORMATION IN THE ORAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
3.1Identify different types of questions.
3.2Determine the purpose of each type of question and its application.
3.3Identify the hazards to be avoided when asking questions.
3.4Demonstrate questioning skills.

4. DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF ACTIVE LISTENING SKILL IN THE ORAL

COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
4.1State the principles of active listening.
4.2Identify skills of active listening.
4.3Identify barriers to active listening.
4.4State the benefits of active listening.
4.5Demonstrate listening skills.
4.6Explain the importance of giving and receiving feed back.

5. Determine the appropriate interview type for the specific work-related situation and
conduct a work-related interview.
5.1State the significance of interviews.
5.2State the characteristics of interviews.
5.3Explain the activities in an interviewing situation.
5.4Describe the types of interviews.
5.5Explain the interviewing strategy.
5.6Prepare instrument for a structured interview.

83
6. PREPARE A REPORT OUT-LINE, BASED ON SUBJECT MATTER AND
AUDIENCE.
6.1Identify the different types of reports.
6.2Determine when to use an informal or formal report presentation.
6.3Identify the stages of planning a report.
6.4Identify the parts of a report and choose the parts appropriate for each type of report.
6.5Draft a report outline.

7. DEMONSTRATE READING COMPREHENSION.

7.1Identify major reading problems.
7.2Identify basic reading skills.
7.3State methods of previewing written material.
7.4Identify methods of concentration when reading.
7.5Demonstrate reading comprehension.

8. UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLES OF GROUP COMMUNICATIONS.

8.1State the purpose and characteristics of major types of meeting.
8.2Explain responsibilities of a meeting/committee.
8.3Identify problems likely to be faced at meeting and means to overcome these
problems.
8.4Distinguish between content and process at meetings.
8.5Explain the key characteristics of a good group facilitator.

84
Mgm 221 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
Total Contact Hours
Theory 32 T P C
Practical 0 1 0 1

AIMS The students will be able to develop management skills, get acquainted the learner with
the principles of management and economic relations and develop commercial/economic
approach to solve the problems in the industrial set-up.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. ECONOMICS 2 Hours
1.1 Definition: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Prof. Robins.
1.2 Nature and scope
1.3 Importance for technicians.

2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS 1 Hour

2.1 Utility
2.2 Income
2.3 Wealth
2.4 Saving
2.5 Investment
2.6 Value.

3. DEMAND AND SUPPLY. 2 Hours

3.1 Definition of demand.
3.2 Law of demand.
3.3 Definition of supply.
3.4 Law of supply.

4. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION. 2 Hours

4.1 Land
4.2 Labour
4.3 Capital
4.4 Organization.

5. BUSINESS ORGANIZATION. 3 Hours

5.1 Sole proprietorship.
5.2 Partnership
5.3 Joint stock company.

6. ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS 4 Hours

6.1 Preparing, planning, establishing, managing, operating and evaluating relevant
resources in small business.
85
 6.2 Business opportunities, goal setting.
6.3 Organizing, evaluating and analyzing opportunity and risk tasks.

7. SCALE OF PRODUCTION. 2 Hours

7.1 Meaning and its determination.
7.2 Large scale production.
7.3 Small scale production.

8. ECONOMIC SYSTEM 3 Hours

8.1 Free economic system.
8.2 Centrally planned economy.
8.3 Mixed economic system.

9. MONEY. 1 Hour
9.1 Barter system and its inconveniences.
9.2 Definition of money and its functions.

10. BANK. 1 Hour

10.1 Definition
10.2 Functions of a commercial bank.
10.3 Central bank and its functions.

11. CHEQUE 1 Hour

11.1 Definition
11.2 Characteristics and kinds of cheque.
11.3 Dishonour of cheque.

12. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2 Hours

12.1 IMF
12.2 IDBP
12.3 PIDC

13. TRADE UNION 2 Hours

13.1 Introduction and brief history.
13.2 Objectives, merits and demerits.
13.3 Problems of industrial labour.

14. INTERNATIONAL TRADE. 2 Hours

14.1 Introduction
14.2 Advantages and disadvantages.

15. MANAGEMENT 1 Hour

15.1 Meaning
15.2 Functions

86
 16. ADVERTISEMENT 2 Hours
16.1 The concept, benefits and draw-backs.
16.2 Principal media used in business world.

17. ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN 1 Hour

17.1 Introduction
17.2 Economic problems and remedies.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Nisar-ud-Din, Business Organization, Aziz Publisher, Lahore
2. M. Saeed Nasir,Introduction to Business, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.
3. S.M. Akhtar, An Introduction to Modern Economics, United Limited, Lahore.

87
Mgm-221 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMICS.

1.1State definition of economics given by Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall and Professor Robins.
1.2Explain nature and scope of economics.
1.3Describe importance of study of economics for technicians.

2. UNDERSTAND BASIC TERMS USED IN ECONOMICS.

2.1Define basic terms, utility, income, wealth, saving, investment and value.
2.2Explain the basic terms with examples

3. UNDERSTAND LAW OF DEMAND AND LAW OF SUPPLY.

3.1Define Demand.
3.2Explain law of demand with the help of schedule and diagram.
3.3State assumptions and limitation of law of demand.
3.4Define Supply.
3.5Explain law of Supply with the help of schedule and diagram.
3.6State assumptions and limitation of law of supply.

4. UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

4.1Define the four factors of production.
4.2Explain labour and its features.
4.3Describe capital and its peculiarities.

5. UNDERSTAND FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.

5.1Describe sole proprietorship, its merits and demerits.
5.2Explain partnership, its advantages and disadvantages.
5.3Describe joint stock company, its merits and demerits.
5.4Distinguish public limited company and private limited company.

6. UNDERSTAND ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS

6.1Explain preparing, planning, establishing and managing small business set up
6.2Explain evaluating all relevant resources
6.3Describe organizing analyzing and innovation of risk of task

7. UNDERSTAND SCALE OF PRODUCTION.

7.1Explain scale of production and its determination.
7.2Describe large scale production and it merits.
7.3Explain small scale of production and its advantages and disadvantages.

8. UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.

8.1Describe free economic system and its characteristics.
8.2Explain centrally planned economic system, its merits and demerits.
8.3State mixed economic system and its features.

88
9. UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MONEY
9.1Define money
9.2Explain barter system and its inconveniences.
9.3Explain functions of money.

10. UNDERSTAND BANK AND ITS FUNCTIONS.

10.1Define bank.
10.2Describe commercial bank and its functions.
10.3State central bank and its functions.

11. UNDERSTAND CHEQUE AND DISHONOR OF CHEQUE.

11.1Define cheque.
11.2Enlist the characteristics of cheque.
11.3Identify the kinds of cheque.
11.4Describe the causes of dishonor of a cheque.

12. UNDERSTAND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

12.1Explain IMF and its objectives.
12.2Explain organisational set up and objectives of IDBP.
12.3Explain organisational set up and objectives of PIDC.

13. UNDERSTAND TRADE UNION, ITS BACKGROUND AND FUNCTIONS.

13.1Describe brief history of trade union.
13.2State functions of trade union.
13.3Explain objectives, merits and demerits of trade unions.
13.4Enlist problems of industrial labour.

14. UNDERSTAND INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

14.1Explain international trade.
14.2Enlist its merits and demerits.

15. UNDERSTAND MANAGEMENT

15.1Explain meaning of management.
15.2Describe functions of management.
15.3Identify the problems of business management.

16. UNDERSTAND ADVERTISEMENT.

16.1Explain the concept of advertisement.
16.2Enlist benefits and drawbacks of advertisement.
16.3Describe principal media of advertisement used in business world.
17. UNDERSTAND THE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN.
17.1Describe economy of Pakistan.
17.2Explain economic problems of Pakistan
17.3Explain remedial measures for economic problems of Pakistan.

89
 CHT 244(Rev.) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

T P C
2 6 4

OBJECTIVES.
1. Understand the basic principles of organic chemistry.
2. Apply basic principle of organic chemistry in the labortory work

COURSE CONTENTS HOURS

1. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 04

1.1 Source of organic compounds and applications

1.2 Classification of organic compounds with their general formula and functional groups
1.3 Difference between organic and inorganic chemistry

2. TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTION 04

2.1 Substitution reactions with examples.

2.2 Addition reaction with examples.
2.3 Elimination reaction with examples.
2.4 Rearrangements reactions with examples

3. ISOMERISM AND TYPES 02

3.1 Definition and types of Isomerism

3.2 Hydrocarbons - Definition and classification with examples and general formula.
3.3 Homologous Series.
3.4 Nomenclature of organic compounds according to IUPAC system
3.5 Nomenclature of various organic compounds according to IUPAC ststem

4. ALKANES 02

4.1 Definition
4.2 Preparation
4.3 General chemical properties of alkanes

5. ALKENES 02

5.1 Definition
5.2 Preparation
5.3 General chemical properties of alkanes
90
6. ALKYNES 02

6.1 Definition
6.2 Preparation
6.3 General chemical properties of alkanes

7. ALKYL HALIDES 04

7.1 Definition
7.2 Classification
7.3 Methods of preparation.
7.4 General chemical properties of RX
7.5 Organometallic compounds, Definition preparation of RMgX (Grignard reagent)
7.6 Properties (chemical & physical) of RMgX
7.7 Properties of RMgX

8. ALCOHOLS 04

8.1 Definition
8.2 Classification
8.3 Preparation of alcohol.
8.4 General reactions of alcohol

9. ETHERS 02

9.1 Definition
9.2 Preparation of ether
9.3 General reactions of ether

10.ALDEHYDES 04

10.1 Definition
10.2 Preparation of aldehydes
10.3 General reactions of aldehydes

11. KETONES 02

11.1 Definition
11.2 Preparation of ketones
11.3 General reactions of ketones

12. CABOXYLIC ACIDS 04

91
 12.1 Definition
12.2 Classification
12.3 Preparation of carboxylic acids
12.4 General reactions of carboxylic acids

13. DERIVATIVES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 04

13.1 Preparation of acid chlorides along with chemical properties.

13.2 General methods of preparation of acid an-hydrides.
13.3 Chemical properties of acid an-hydrides

14. AMIDES 04

14.1 Definition
14.2 Methods of preparations
14.3 Chemical properties

15. ESTERS 02

15.1 Definition
15.2 Methods of preparations
15.3 Chemical properties

16. AMINES 04

16.1 Definition
16.2 Methods of preparations
16.3 Preparation of all types of amines
16.4 General reactions of amines
17. AROMATIC HYDRO CARBONS 02

17.1 Definition
17.2 Classification
17.3 Methods of preparation of Benzene.
17.4 Chemical properties of Benzene.

18. PHENOLS 04

18.1 Definition
18.2 Classification
18.3 General methods of preparation.
18.4 General reactions of phenols.

19. CARBOHYDRATES 04

92
 19.1 Classification
19.2 Preparation of Glucose
19.3 Reactions of Glucose
19.4 Fructose, methods of preparation and reaction of fructose.
19.5 Comparison between glucose and fructose.

20. PROTEINS 02

20.1 Definition
20.2 Classification
20.3 Chemical composition, molecular shape
20.4 Chemical properties and reactions of protein.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1 Mannual on Organic Chemistry -I,II (Polytechnic manual series)

2 Chemistry part -II (for f.sc students) by Dr.KMibne Rasa, Dr M.A.Afzal
3 Organic Chemistry for B.Sc students by B.S Bahl
4 Organic Chemistry by Khalid Masood Sheikh

93
CHT 244(Rev.) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1.1Student will be able to understand organic chemistry.

1.1.1 Define organic chemistry
1.1.2 Diffrentiate between organic and inorganic compounds
1.1.3 Give the application of organic chemistry daily life
1.2Understand the general formula and functional groups of organic compounds
1.2.1 Give general classification of organic compounds
1.2.2 Write general formula for each class of organic compounds
1.2.3 Write the functional group for each class of organic compounds

2. TYPES OF ORGANIC REACTIONS

2.1Understand the types of organic reactions

2.1.1 Enlist the types of organic reactions
2.1.2 Explain substitution reaction
2.1.3 Explain addition reaction
2.1.4 Explain Elimination reaction
2.1.5 Explain rearrangement reaction
2.1.6 Give examples of different types of reaction

3. ISOMERISM

3.1Understand isomerism
3.1.1 Define isomerism
3.1.2 Give types of isomerism in organic compounds
3.1.3 Explain different isomeric forms
3.1.4 Give examples of different isomeric forms

4. ALKANES

4.1Understand the Hydrocarbons

4.1.1 Define hydrocarbon
4.1.2 Give classification of hydrocarbons
4.1.3 Write general formula for hydrocarbons
4.1.4 Explain homologous series
4.2 Understand the Nomenclature of organic compounds
4.2.1 Explain conventional method of raming organic compounds
4.2.2 Explain IUPAC system for raming organic compounds
94
4.2.3 Write names of organic compounds according IUPAC system
4.3 Understand the concept of alkanes
4.3.1 Define alkanes
4.3.2 Write general furmula for alkanes and alkyl Radicals
4.3.3 Name alkanas and alkyl radicals
4.3.4 Explain general methods of preparation of alkanes
4.3.5 Explain general properties of alkanes

5. ALKENES

5.1Understand the concept of alkenes

5.1.1 Define alkenes
5.1.2 Name alkenes
5.1.3 Explain general methods of preparation of alkenes
5.1.5 Enlist the uses of ethere

6. ALKYNES

6.1Understand the concept of alkynes

6.1.1 Define alkynes
6.1.2 Enlist different types of alkynes
6.1.3 Explain the methods of preparation of acetylene
6.1.4 Explain the properties of acetylene
6.1.5 Give the uses of C2H2

7. ALKYL HALIDES

7.1Understand the concept of alkyl halides

7.1.1 Define alkyl halide
7.1.2 Give the type of alkyl halides
7.1.3 Name different alkyl halides
7.1.4 Explain general methods of preparaction of alkyl Halides
7.1.5 Explain gerneral properties of Alkyl Halides
7.1.6 Enlist uses of alkyl Halides
7.2Understand the concept of organometalic compounds
7.2.1 Define organometalic compounds
7.2.2 Explain the methods of preparation of Grignard Reagent (R-Mg-X)
7.2.3 Explain the properties of R-Mg-X

8. ALCOHOLS

95
 7.1 Define alcohol
7.2 Give classification of alcohols
7.3 Explain general methods of preparation of alcohols
7.4 Explain general properties of alcohols
7.5 Explain the methods of preparation of ethyl alcohal
7.6 Enlist the uses of ethyl alcohol

9. ETHERS

8.1 Define ether

8.2 Give general formula of ethers
8.3 Explain general methods of preparation of ethers
8.4 Explain general properties of ethers.
10. ALDEHYDES
9.1 Define aldehyde
9.2 Name different aldehydes
9.3 Explain general methods of preparation of aldehydes
9.4 Explain general properties of aldehydes
9.5 Enlist the uses of aldehydes
11. KETONES

11.1 Define ketone

11.2 Name different
11.3 Explain methods of preparation of acetone
11.4 Explain the properties of acetone
11.5 Enlist the uses of acetone
12. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

12.1 Name different carboxylic acids

12.2 Give the types of carboxylic acids
12.3 Explain the general
methods of preparation of mono carboxylic acids
12.4 Explain the properties of mono carboxylic acids
12.5 Enlist the uses of carboxylic acids

13. DERIVATIVES OF CABOXYLIC ACID

13.1Understand the concept acid chlorides

13.1.1 Define acid chlorides
13.1.2 Name acid chlorides
13.1.3 Explain general methods of preparation of acid chlorides
13.1.4 Explain general properties of acid chlorides

13.2Understand the concept of acid anhydride

96
 13.2.1 Define acid anhydride
13.2.2 Name acid anhydride
13.2.3 Give general methods of preparation of acetic anhydride
13.2.4 Give properties of acetic anhydride
13.2.5 Enlist the uses of acetic anhydride
13.3 Understand the concept of acid amide
13.3.1 Define acid amide
13.3.2 Name acid amides
13.3.3 Explain general methods of preparation of acid amides
13.3.4 Explain the properties of acid amides

14. ESTERS

14.1 Define esters

14.1 Name esters
14.1 Give general methods of preparation of esters
14.1 Give general properties of esters
15. AMINES

15.1 Define amine

15.2 Give classification of amines
15.3 Name different types of amines
15.4 Explain the method of preparation of primary amines
15.5 Explain the method of preparation of secondary amine
15.6 Explain the method of preparation of tertiary amine
15.7 Explain the general properties of amines

16. AROMATIC HYDROCABONS

16.1 Define aromatic hydrocarbons
16.2 Differentiate between
open chain (aliphatic) and close chain (aromatic) compounds
16.3 Give classification of aromatic compounds
16.4 Explain the nomenclature of aromatic compounds
16.5 Explain the methods of preparation of benzene
16.6 Explain the properties of benzene

17. PHENOLS
17.1 Define phenol
17.2 Explain the nomenclature of phenol
17.3 Explain general methods of preparation of phenol
17.4 Explain general properties of phenol

18. CARBOHYDRATES
18.1 Define carbohydrate
97
 18.2 Give classification of carbohydrates
18.3 Write structural formula
of glucose and fructose
18.4 Explain the method of preparation of glucose
18.5 Explain the properties of glucose
18.6 Explain the method of preparation of fructose
18.7 Explain the properties of fructose
18.8 Give comparison between glucose and fructose

19. PROTEINS

19.1 Define protein

19.2 Give classification of proteins
19.3 Explain general properties of proteins

98
CHT 244(Rev.) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

LIST OF PRACTICALS.

1. Detection of Sulphur, Nitrogen and halogens in the organic compounds.

2. Preparation and properties of methane.
3. Preparation and properties of Acetylene.
4. Preparation of iodoform
5. Preparation and properties of Acetic acid.
6. Preparation of Acetamide.
7. Preparation of Ethyle ether.
8. Preparation of Nitrobenzene.
9. Preparation of Acetone.
10 Chemical test of aldehyde.
11 Chemical test of Ketone.
12 Preparation of Urea from Ammonium cyanate
13 Preparation of oxalic acid from cane sugar.
14 Preparation of Acetadehyde.
15 Preparation and properties of methyl orange.
16 Preparation of aqueous fermic acid.
17 Preparation of Acetic Anhydride.
18 Preparation of Acetyle chloride.
19 Preparation of Ethyl Amine
20 Preparation of Ethyle benzene
21 Color reactions of proteins
22 Preparation of Ethyl bromide
23 Preparation of Ethyl Acetate
24 Preparation of chloroform from Acetone.
25 Determination of Amino Acids in Proteins.
26 Preparation of Aniline
27 Purification of organic substance by Scxhlet apparatus.
28 Reaction and test of Saccharide.

NOTE:- (Each experiment will be conducted in two consecutive periods)

99
 CHT 254(Rev.) INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS –I

T P C
3 3 4

OBJECTICES

1. Understand manufacturing procedure employed by modern chemical industries.

2. Understand the operation of the equipment necessary to carry out the chemical reaction
on industrial scale.
3. Prepare the flow sheet diagram of chemical Industries.
4. To present each chemical industry from the view point of statistics of production,
consumption and location in Pakistan.

COURSE CONTENTS
HOURS

1. INTRODUCTION (INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESS) 03

1.1 Unit operation and unit process, examples Batch process, continuous process.
1.2 Flow charts.

2 WATER CONDITIONING 18

2.1 Introduction to soft water, hard water, causes of water hardness

2.2 Softening, purification and clarification (definition)
2.3 Ion-Exchange method
2.4 Sodium cation exchange process
2.5 Mixed bed resins.
2.6 Hydrogen cation exchange process
2.7 Soda lime process (cold soda lime, Hot soda lime process)
2.8 Deaeration of water and its importance.
2.9 Demineralization and desalting of water
2.10 Boiler feed water
2.11 Industrial waste water
2.12 Mineral water preparation

3 CHLORO ALKALI INDUSTRIES 18

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Manufacture of Soda ash, Raw material, Treatment of raw materials
3.3 Flow chart of Slurry process
3.4 Unit operations and unit processes.
3.5 Manufacture of Sodium Bicarbonate.

100
 3.6 Flow sheet, unit operations and processes.
3.7 Uses of Sodium carbonate and Sodium bicarbonate.
3.8 Manufacture of caustic soda by electrolysis of NaCl, Pretreatment of NaCl solution.
3.9 Diaphragm cell method.
3.10 Mercury cell method
3.11 Membrane cell method.
3.12 Comparison of the three cell methods.
3.13 By-products of caustic soda manufacture.
3.14 Uses of chlorine and Hydrogen.
3.15 Manufacture of bleaching Powder.
3.16 Manufacture of Calcium hypochlorite.
3.17 Manufacture of Sodium hypochlorite
3.18 Manufacture of HCl as the by-products of chlorr-alkali industry
3.19 Unit operations and unit processes involved.
3.20 Uses of HCl

4 SULPHURIC ACID 12

4.1 Formula, uses and importance in industrial developments

4.2 Raw materials
4.3 Brief introduction of Lead Chamber Process
4.4 Sulphuric acid manufacturing by contact process and its flow sheet
4.5 Unit operations and unit processes
4.6 Treatment of vent gas of contact process
4.7 Energy requirements

5 AMMONIA 09

5.1 Ammonia, uses, economics.

5.2 Manufacture of Ammonia from Natural gas.
5.3 Steam-Natural gas reforming, Primary reforming, Secondary reforming.
5.4 Shift conversion.
5.5 CO2 absorption and separation
5.6 Removal of Carbon monooxide.
5.7 Compression of N2 and H2
5.8 Ammonia synthesis, Ammonia converter (equipment)
5.9 Flow chart
5.10 Unit operations and unit processes
5.11 Liquefaction of Ammonia.
5.12 Storage of Ammonia
5.13 Manufacture of Nitric Acid from Ammonia, flow sheet
5.14 Unit operations and unit processes.

101
6 AMMONIUM NITRATE 06

6.1 Manufacture of Ammonium Nitrate, Raw material, Flow sheet

6.2 Unit operations and unit processes
6.3 Uses of Ammonium Nitrate and its storage.

7 UREA 06

7.1 Formula uses, Raw material.

7.2 Flow sheet
7.3 Unit operations and unit processes
7.4 Prilling Tower and Prilling of Urea.

8 PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS 02

8.1 MAP, DAP formula, uses.

8.2 Raw materials, Processing of phosphate rock
8.3 Flow diagram
8.4 Unit operations and unit processes

9 PORTLAND CEMENT 09

9.1 Portland cement

9.2 Raw materials
9.3 Manufacture method, Dry process
9.4 Flow sheet (Dry process)
9.5 Unit operations and unit processes
9.6 Kiln (living and heating zones) reactions.
9.7 Setting and Hardening of cement
9.8 Different types of cement

10 LIME 03

10.1 Lime, formula, uses.

10.2 Calcination of lime stone, unit operations and unit processes
10.3 Slacked lime manufacture.

11 GYPSUM 03

11.1 Formula, uses, processing of Rock

11.2 Preparation of gypsum, chemical reactions

102
 11.3 Uses of plaster of paris.
11.4 Hardening of plaster

12 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 09

12.1 Introduction to Petroleum and its constituents

12.2 Natural gas.
12.3 Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)
12.4 Compresed Natural Gas (CNG)
12.5 Products of refining
12.6 Conversion process, cracking or pyrolysis
12.7 Reforming, catalytic reforming
12.8 Polymerization
12.9 Alkylation.
12.10 Isomenization.

RECOMMENDED BOOK

1. Austin George T. (1997), “Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries” 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill
International Edition.
2. Alan Heaton (1994), “The Chemical Industry” 2nd Ed. Published by Blackie Academic &
Professional
3. Haidari Iqbal (1992), Chemical Industry in Pakistan”, Industrial Research Service Karachi.
4. Pandey G. N. (2000), “A Textbook of Chemical Technology” 2nd Ed. Vol-I & II Vikas
Publishing House (Pvt) Limited.
5. Kirk Othmer (1999), Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology” Wiley Inter Science Publishers.
6. Government of Pakistan. (2003), “Prospects of Chemical Industry in Pakistan” Expert Advisory
Cell, Ministry of Industries and Production, Islamabad.
7. Moulijn Jacob A, Makkee Michiel, Diepen Annelies Van, (2007), “Chemical Process Technology:”
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
8. James A. Kent (2003), “Riegel Handbook of Industrial Chemistry”, 10th Ed. Springer/Van
Nostrard Reinhold

103
 CHT 254(Rev.) INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL
PROCESS -I

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1UNIT PROCESS
1.1.1 Define unit process
1.1.2 Give examples of nit process
1.1.3 Distinguish unit operation and unit process
1.1.4 Explain continuous process with examples.
1.1.5 Explain batch process with examples
1.2FLOW CHARTS
1.2.1 Name types of flow charts.
1.2.2 Distinguish between block diagram and symbolic diagram.
1.2.3 Read different flow charts.

2. WATER CONDITIONING
2.1water conditioning
2.1.1 Enlist impurities of water.
2.1.2 Name salts responsible for water hardness
2.1.3 Give water softening methods.
2.1.4 Explain water purification
2.1.5 Describe clarifications
2.2Ion exchange methods
2.2.1 Enlist resins used for ion exchange method
2.2.2 Describe ion exchange method
2.2.3 Explain regeneration of resins
2.2.4 Give reactions involved in Ion-exchange method.
2.3sodium cation exchange
2.3.1 Enlist uses of soft water.
2.3.2 Describe water softening by sodium cation exchange process
2.4mixed bad resins.
2.4.1 Name mixed bed resins
2.4.2 Explain mixed bed resins refining of water.
2.5hydrogen cation exchange process
2.5.1 Give formula of hydrogen cation exchange
2.5.2 Draw flow sheet diagram for hydrogen-cation exchange process.
2.5.3 Explain hydrogen cation exchange process
2.6soda lime process and phosphate conditioning
2.6.1 Describe soda lime process

104
 2.6.2 Explain cold soda lime process
2.6.3 Explain phosphate conditioning.
2.7 de-aeration of water.
2.7.1 Define term de-aeration
2.7.2 Give the importance of de-aeration for boiler water
2.7.3 Explain de-aeration methods.
2.8 demineralization and de-salting
2.8.1 Enlist minerals in water
2.8.2 Describe demineralization
2.8.3 Explain de-salting.

2. CHLORALKALI INDUSTRIES

3.1Chloro-alkali industries.
3.1.1 Define chloro-alkali
3.1.2 Enlist the products of chloro-alkali industries.
3.1.3 Enlist the chloro-alkali industries in Pakistan
3.2soda ash manufacture
3.2.1 Name the process of soda ash manufacture
3.2.2 Give raw materials used for soda ash manufacture by Solvay process
3.2.3 Define brine solution
3.2.4 Explain purification of brine solution
3.3Draw flow sheet.
3.2.1 Draw flow sheet of Solvay process for manufacture of soda ash.
3.2.2 Enlist unit operations of soda ash manufacture.
3.2.3 Explain unit process of soda ash manufacture
3.2.4 Give uses of soda ash.
3.4sodium bi carbonate manufacture

3.4.1 Give commercial name of sodium bi carbonate

3.4.2 Give raw material used for sodium bi carbonate manufacture
3.4.3 Draw flow sheet of sodium bicarbonate manufacture
3.4.4 Enlist unit operation and unit processes
3.4.5 Explain unit process of sodium bi carbonate manufacture.
3.4.6 Enlist uses of sodium bi carbonate

3.5 Caustic soda manufacture.

3.5.1 Give chemical name of caustic soda
3.5.2 name methods of caustic soda manufacture
3.5.3 Name cells used for caustic soda manufacture
3.5.4 Draw diagram of diaphragm cell
3.5.5 Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of caustic soda using diaphragm cell
3.5.6 Name unit operations for caustic soda manufacture by diaphragm cell
3.5.7 Explain unit processes for caustic soda manufacture by diaphragm cell
105
 3.5.8 Draw diagram of mercury cell
3.5.9 Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.10 Enlist unit operation for manufacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.11 Describe unit processes for manufacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.12 Draw diagram of membrane cell
3.5.13 Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of caustic soda by membrane cell
3.5.14 Name unit operations for the manufacture of caustic soda by membrane cell
3.5.15 Describe nit process for manufacture of caustic soda by mercury cell
3.5.16 Give the comparison of the three cells used for caustic soda manufacture.
3.5.17 Give the byproducts of caustic soda manufacture.
3.5.18 Illustrate uses of chlorine
3.5.19 Give uses of hydrogen

3.6 bleaching power manufacture

3.6.1 Enlist raw materials for bleaching powder manufacture.
3.6.2 Draw flow sheet for bleaching powder manufacture.
3.6.3 Explain bleaching power manufacture
3.6.4 Name unit operations of bleaching powder manufacture
3.6.4 Name unit operations of bleaching powder manufacture.
3.6.5 Give uses of bleaching power manufacture.

3.7 calcium hypochlorite manufacture.

3.7.1 Describe raw material for the calcium hypochlorite manufacture
3.7.2 Draw flow sheet for calcium hypochlorite manufacture
3.7.3 Explain calcium hypochlorite manufacture.
3.7.4 Give unit operation for calcium hypochlorite manufacture.
3.7.5 Enlist uses of calcium hypochlorite.
3.8 sodium hypochlorite manufacture
3.8.1 Give raw materials for soda hypochlorite manufacture.
3.8.2 Draw flow sheet for the manufacture of sodium hypochlorite
3.8.3 Enlist unit operations for sod hypochlorite manufacture.
3.8.4 Enlist uses of sod hypochlorite.
3.9 hydrochloric acid manufacture
3.9.1 Define muriatic acid (HCl)
3.9.2 Enlist methods of manufacture of hydrochloric acid
3.9.3 Draw flow sheet for hydrochloric acid manufacture by synthesis process.
3.9.4 Enlist unit operation for hydrochloric acid manufacture by synthesis
3.9.5 Explain unit process for hydrochloric acid manufacture by synthesis
3.9.6 Enlist uses of hydrochloric acid

4. SULPHURIC ACID
4.1sulfuric acid manufacture.
4.1.1 Define oil of vitriol (H2SO4)
106
 4.1.2 Give formula of Sulphuric Acid
4.1.3 Give formula of Sulphuric Acid
4.1.4 Enlist uses of sulphuric acid
4.1.5 Illustrate importance of sulfuric acid in industrial development
4.1.6 Enlist raw materials for sulfuric acid manufacture
4.1.7 Name methods for sulphuric acid manufacture.
4.1.8 Draw flow sheet diagram for sulfuric acid manufacture by lead chamber process.
4.1.9 Enlist unit operations for lead chamber process
4.1.10 Describe unit process of lead camber process.
4.1.11 Draw flow sheet for sulfuric acid manufacture by contact process
4.1.12 Enlist unit operation for contact process
4.1.13 Explain unit processes for contact process.
4.1.14 Enlist vent gases of contact process
4.1.15 Illustrate vent gases treatment of contact process.
4.1.16 Give energy requirements for contact process.

5. AMMONIA

5.1ammonia and nitric acid manufacture.

5.1.1 Enlist uses of ammonia
5.1.2 Name method used for ammonia manufacture.
5.1.3 Give raw materials for Ammonia manufacture by synthesis process.
5.1.4 Enlist the steps involved in the manufacture of Ammonia from natural gas.
5.1.5 Define reforming of natural gas.
5.1.6 Describe primary reforming
5.1.7 Explain secondary reforming
5.1.8 Explain shift conversion
5.1.9 Describe carbon di oxide absorption
5.1.10 Illustrate separation of carbon di oxide
5.1.11 Describe removal of carbon mono oxide before ammonia manufacture.
5.1.14 Draw diagram of Ammonia convertor
5.1.15 Describe unit process of Ammonia convertor
5.1.16 Draw flow sheet for Ammonia manufacture from natural process.
5.1.17 Describe unit processes involved in ammonia manufacture.
5.1.18 Illustrate liquefaction of ammonia
5.1.19 Describe storage of liquid ammonia
5.1.10 Name the method used for the manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia.
5.1.21 Draw flow sheet for manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia
5.1.22 Explain unit operation involved in nitric acid manufacture.
5.1.23 Explain unit processes involved in nitric acid manufacture.

107
6. AMONIUM NITRIATE

6.1 ammonium nitrate manufacture

6.1.1 Describe raw materials for ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.2 Draw flow sheet for ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.3 Enlist unit operations involved in ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.4 Explain unit processes involved in ammonium nitrate manufacture.
6.1.5 Give uses of ammonium nitrate
6.1.6 Explain storage of ammonium nitrate.

7. UREA.

7.1urea manufacture.
7.1.1 Write formula of urea
7.1.2 Enlist uses of urea
7.1.3 Draw flow sheet for urea manufacture
7.1.4 Describe unit operations involved in urea manufacture
7.1.5 Explain unit processes involved in urea manufacture
7.1.6 Explain prilling of urea

8 PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER

8.1mono ammonium phosphate and di-ammonium phosphate 8.1.1

Give formula of mono ammonium phosphate
8.1.2 Write formula of di ammonium phosphate
8.1.3 Enlist uses of ammonium phosphate
8.1.4 Enlist raw materials of ammonium phosphate
8.1.5 Describe beneficiation of phosphate rock
8.1.6 Draw flow sheet for manufacture of ammonium phosphate
8.1.7 Describe unit operations involved in ammonium phosphate manufacture
8.1.8 Explain unit process involved in ammonium phosphate manufacture

108
9 PORT LAND CEMENT

9.1Portland cement manufacture

9.1.1 Define Portland cement
9.1.2 Enlist uses of cement
9.1.3 Enlist raw materials
9.1.4 Name methods of cement manufacture
9.1.5 Draw flow sheet for cement manufacture by dry process
9.1.6 Describe unit operations involved in cement manufacture by dry process
9.1.7 Give different zone in rotary kiln
9.1.8 Enlist unit operation involved in cement manufacture by semi wet process
9.1.9 Distinguish between rotary kiln for dry process and wet process
9.1.10 Illustrate physical properties of clinkers
9.1.11 Explain briefly the function of gypsum in cement
9.1.12 Describe hardening of cement
9.1.13 Name various types of cement
9.1.14 Describe various type of cement

10 LINE

10.1lime processing
10.1.1 Write formula for lime
10.1.2 Enlist uses of lime
10.1.3 Enlist unit operation involved in lime processing
10.1.4 Describe Unit processes involved in lime processing

11 GYPSUM

11.1gypsum processing
11.1.1 Write formula of gypsum
11.1.2 Enlist uses of gypsum
11.1.3 Describe calcination of gypsum
11.1.4 Enlist uses of plaster
11.1.5 Describe hardening of plaster

12 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

12.1petroleum industry
12.1.1 Enlist constituents of petroleum
12.1.2 Give composition of natural gas
12.1.3 Describe unit operations and unit processes for processing of natural gas

109
 12.1.3 Enlist uses of natural gas
12.2 the LPG
12.2.1 Define L.P.G.
12.2.2 Draw flow sheet for L.P.G manufacture
12.2.3 Explain steps involved in L.P.G. manufacture
12.3 the CNG
12.3.1 CNG station machinery
12.3.2 CNG properties
12.3.3 Hazards
12.3.4 Metering
12.4 Refining of Petroleum
12.4.1 Define refining
12.4.2 Explain refining of petroleum
12.4.3 Enlist petroleum refining products
12.4.4 Explain cracking or pyrolysis
12.4.5 Give examples of pyrolysis
12.4.6 Explain reforming
12.4.7 Explain catalytic reforming
12.4.8 Explain polymerization
12.4.9 Give examples of polymerization
12.4.10 Give examples of alkylation
12.4.11 Explain isomerization
12.4.12 Give examples of isomerization

110
 CHT-254(Rev.) INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL
PROCESS-I

LIST OF PRACTICALS.

1. Detection of soft and hard water.

2. Determination of hardness of water.
3. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.
4. Determination of total chlorides in water.
5. Determination of sulphates contents in water.
6. Determination of carbonates in water.
7. Determination of bi-carbonates in water.
8. Determination of iron contents in water.
9. Determination of calcium contents in water.
10. Preparation of Ammonium Nitrate in lab.
11. Preparation of Ammonium Sulphate in lab.
12. Purification by crystallization.
13. PH value determination.
14. Preparation of lime by the calcination of lime stone
15 Preparation of plaster of Paris from gypsum.
16 Demineralization of water.
17 Analysis of mineral water

111
 CHT- 263 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

T P C
1 6 3
COURSE CONTENTS
HOURS

1 INTRODUCTION 02

1.1 Definition and its importance in daily life and Industrial importance
1.2 Types of analysis, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, Volumetric analysis,
Gravimetric analysis
1.3 Instrumental methods of analysis, conventional methods of analysis

2. SAMPLING 02

2.1 Sampling techniques for liquid, solid and gas samples.

2.2 Storage of sample.

3. ERRORS IN ANALYSIS 03

3.1 Personal errors.

3.2 Determinate errors.
3.3 Interminate errors.
3.4 Detection of errors.

4. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 03

4.1 Weighing of sample.

4.2 Volume measurement of sample.
4.3 Preparation of sample solution.
4.4 Titration.
4.5 Precipitation.
4.6 Filtration.
4.7 Drying
4.8 Ignition.

5.PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTION 03

5.1 Primary standards, secondary standards.

5.2 Standard solutions.
5.3 Methods of expression of concentration.

112
 5.4 Equivalent weight, Molecular weight.
5.5 Calculation of equivalent weight of acids.
5.6 Calculation of equivalent weight of bases.
5.7 Calculation of equivalent weight of oxidizing compounds.
5.8 Calculation of equivalent weight of reducing compounds.
5.9 Normal solution and Normaltiy
5.10 Molar solution and Molarity
5.11 Molal solution and Molality
5.12 Preparation of solutions of different normolities.
5.13 Preparation of solution of different molalities.

6.PREPARATION OF INDICATORS 03

6.1 Internal indicator.

6.2 External indicator.
6.3 Universal indicator.
6.4 Behavior of different indicators in acidic solutions and in basic solutions.
6.5 Preparation of indicator solution.
(Phenolphthalein, methyl orange, methyl red, methyl blue, litmus solution,
starch solution, phenyl amine).

7.VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS 08

7.1 Types of volumetric analysis (on the bases of reagent used).

7.2 Acidmetry - alkalimetry.
7.3 Redox - titration.
7.4 Iodometry.
7.5 Iodimetry
7.6 Argentometry.
7.7 Apparatus for volumetric analysis.
7.8 Mathematical calculations based on N1V1 = N2V2 and amount per liter =
Normality * equivalent weight.

8. GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS 08
8.1 Apparatus for gravimetric analysis.
8.2 Free water contents, combined water contents (water of crystallization)
8.3 Determination of free and combined water gravimetrically.
8.4 Desiccants and use of desiccator.
8.5 Gravimetric determination of silver.
8.6 Gravimetric determination of magnesium.
8.7 Gravimetric determination of calcium.
8.8 Gravimetric determination of silica.
8.9 Gravimetric analysis of cement.
113
9 REPORTING OF ANALYSIS RESULTS 01
Percentage.
Gram per liter.
Parts per million (PPM)
Parts per billion (PPM)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Samuel H. Maron & Jerome B. Lando. (1974), “Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry” Mecmillan
Publishing Co. Inc.
2. Barrow, Gordon M. (1996), “Physical chemistry”. 6th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill
3. Pashley, Richard M.,Karaman, Marilyn E. (2004), “Applied Colloid and Surface Chemistry”, New
York, John Wiley and sons.
4. Bhal B.S., Tuli, G.D., Bhat A. (2006), “Essentials of Physical Chemistry”.
5. Silbey R, R.A. Alberty, M.G, Bawendi, (2006),” Physical Chemistry”, 4th Edition, Wiley India.
6. Gabor A. S. Yimin Li, (2010), “Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, 2nd Edition,
Wiley&Sons.

114
CHT 263 QUANTITIATIVE ANALYSES

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Define quantitative analysis.

1.2 Illustrate importance of quantitative analysis.
1.3 Distinguish qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
1.4 Explain volumetric analysis.
5.14 Describe gravimetric analysis.
1.6 Define instrumental methods of analysis.

2 SAMPLING

2.1 Define sampling.

2.2 Describe methods of sampling.
2.3 Explain sampling of liquids for liquid, solid and gas liquids.
2.4 Illustrate storage of samples.

3 ENRORS IN ANALYSIS

3.1 Enlist errors in analysis.

3.2 Explain personal error.
3.3 Describe determinate error.
3.4 Illustrate indeterminate error.
3.5 Detect different errors.

4 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

4.1 Describe working principle of electric balance.

4.2 Explain weighing operation.
4.3 Illustrate measurement
of volume using burette, Pipette and measuring
flask.
4.4 Prepare sample solution.
4.5 Explain Titration.
4.6 Describe precipitation.
4.7 Explain filtration.
4.8 Illustrate drying.
4.9 Explain ignition.
4.10
115
5 PREPARATION OF STANDRAD SOLUTION

5.1 Define primary standard.

5.2 Define secondary standard.
5.3 Define equivalent weight.
5.4 Describe standard solution.
5.5 Enlist methods of expression of solution concentration.
5.6 Calculate equivalent weight of different compounds.
5.7 Explain Normal solution.
5.8 Explain terms of solution concentration like normality, molarity and formality.
5.9 Prepare solution of different normalities.
5.10 Prepare solution of different molarities
5.11 Calculate normality and morality

6 INDICATOR

6.1 Define indicator.

6.2 Distinguish internal indicator.
6.3 Describe universal indicator.
6.4 Illustrate behavior of different indicators in acidic/basic solutions.
6.5 Prepare different indicators (like phenolphthalein, methyl orange, starch, litmus
solution and diphenylamine).

7 VOLUINETERIC ANALYSIS

7.1 Define volumetric analysis.

7.2 Enlist type of reagent based volumetric analysis.
7.3 Describe acidimetery, alkalyimetery.
7.4 Explain redox titrations.
7.5 Distinguish Iodoimetery and iodimetery.
7.6 Explain argentometery.
7.7 Solve problems based on N1V1=N2V2
7.8 Solve problems based on
Amount/liter = Normality x Equivalent weight.

8 GRAVIMETERIC ANALYSIS

8.1 Define gravimetric analysis.

8.2 Describe gravimetric analysis apparatus.
8.3 Calculate free water content.
8.4 Calculate water of crystallization.
8.5 Explain desiccator.
116
 8.6 Enlist desiccants.
8.7 Determine magnesium
from given sample.
8.8 Determine calcium from given sample.
8.9 Determine silica from given sample.
8.10 Cement analysis

9 REPORTING OF ANALYSIS RESULTS

9.1 Define percentage.

9.2 Define gram per liter.
9.3 Describe parts per million.
9.4 Desribe parts per billion.

117
CHT 263 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.

LIST OF PRACTICALS.

1. Calibration of
i. Burette
ii. Measuring cylinder.
iii. Measuring flask
iv. Pipette.
2. Weighing practice on analytical balance.
3. Weighing practice on digital balance.
4. Preparation of N/10 solution of primary standard Na2CO3, Oxalic Acid)
5 Calculation method for preparation of N/10 (approximate) solution of secondary standard (NaOH,
H2SO4).
6. Determination of normality of approximately prepared solution by titrating against some standard
solution. HCl, H2SO4 and Nowlt solution
7. Preparation of indicator solution.
i. Phenolphthalein solution.
ii. Methyl orange solution.
iii. Litmus solution.
iv. Starch solution.
v. Dephenyl amine.
8. Determination of equivalent weight if an orgainic acid (oxalic acid)
9. Determination of acetic acid in vinegar.
10. Determination of alkaline value of soda ash.
11. Determination of percentage of NaOH and Na2CO3 in the mixture of two bases.
12. Preparation of (approx.) M/20 KMnO4 solution.
13. Standardizing the M/20 KMnO4 solution
14. Determination of iron contents in iron wire.
+2 +3
15. Determination of Fe and Fe in the iron salt.
16. Redox titration using external indicator.
17. Redox titration using internal indicator.
18. Standardization of 0.1 N iodine solution with Na2S2O3 sol.
19. Standardization of Ba2S2O3 solution versus a known iodine sol.
20. Determination of antimony in antimony salt.
21. Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder.
22. Determination of chlorine in soluble salt by volhards method.
23. Estimation of chloride in a given sample of NaCl by AgNO3 by using moters methods.
24. Gravimetric determination of free water (moisture contents) and combined water (water
crystallization)
25. Analysis of cement.
i. Determination of percentage loss on ignition.
ii. Determination of percentage of total silica.
iii. Determination of percentage of insoluble residue.
iv. Determination of percentage of moisture contents.
v. Determination of percentage of calcium contents.
vi. Determination of percentage magnesium contents.

118
 CHT- 271 SAFETY PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE

T P C
1 0 1
OBJECTIVES

1. To acquaint students with causes of accidents in industry and instruct them how to
eliminate hazards.
2. To train students in a fundamentals of fire protection.
3. To introduce students to the fundamentals of first aid.
4. To promote in students and value of plants layout for safe performance.
5. To provide the students ready reference of outstanding accepted safe standards, codes and
technical aids.
COURSE CONTENTS

1. Introduction to safety and its place in industry.

2. Accidents and accident costs.
3. Analyzing causes of accidents.
4. Fundamentals of accident prevention.
5. Industrial noise and its control, illumination for safety and comfort.
6. Industrial hygiene and sanitation.
7. Personnel protective equipment.
8. Fire hazards and causes
9. Hazards symbols
10. Plant layout for fire safety
11. Importance of plant maintenance and housekeeping safety.
12. Plant inspection and safety inventory.
13. Case studies:
i. Mines Coal and salt mines.
ii. Petroleum industry.
iii. Paint industry and paint shops.
iv. Paper and board mills.
v. Printing industry.
vi. Food processing industry.
vii. Vegetable oil and soap industry.

ix. Caustic alkali industry.

x. Fertilizers (Ammonia, Urea, Nitrate) industry
xi. Plastic and fiber industry.
xii. Power plants.
14. Antidotes of different chemicals.
15. First aid, extended medical services.
119
 16. Employees training in safe practices, methods of promoting safety. With special attention
on women and employees.
17. Accident investigation, Record and Report.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED.

1. Industrial Accident prevention.

2. Pakistan Labour.

120
 CHT 271 SAFETY PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 safety in chemical industry.

1.2 philosophy of accidents.
1.1.1 Define accident
1.1.2 Enlist various types of accidents.
1.1.3 Explain accident analysis
1.1.4 Explain master sheet and work sheet of accident analysis.
1.1.5 Name remedial/prevention measures.
1.1.6 Explain facts in selection preventions
1.1.7 Describe causes of attach
1.1.8 Explain preventive measures in chemical industries, like
petroleum, paints, paper and board printing industries. Food
processing
Vegetable oils and Ghee
Acid and ackali industry
Fertilizers urea, Ammonia Ammonium Nitrate
Plastics and Fibre Industry
Power plants

2 ACCIDENT COST
2.1Accident cost.
4 0ious types of accidents in various chemical industry.
2.1.3 Explain laws of the cost of accidents
2.1.4 Describe location where accident has occurred, like
At work place
Running machinery
Reaction vessab/Roactors
2.1.5 Explain management role of reliance
2.1.6 0Differentiate the responsibility of safety engineer and supervisor.
2.1.7 Explain degree of responsibility.
2.1.8 Explain the use of Gloves, Apron, Goggles and masks in health hazardous
atmosphere(Antidotes of chemical)
2.1.9 Calculate cost of lost of time of (n) used employee.
2.1.10 Commute in terms of money cost of time lost by other employees who stop work
2.1.11 Calculate the cost of time spent by first aid attendant and hospital department staff.
2.1.12 Explain Insurance rules for various injuries like
Loss of nail of a finger
Cuts on hands and face
Slips and falls Handling
of toxic material
Miscellaneous operations and calculate compensation medical cost on
the vasis of set formula

3 EMPLOYEES TRAINING
3.1training of employees.
3.1.1 Define training and education of an employee.
3.2.2 Explain safety educational method
121
 3.3.3 Enlist various methods of training and education.
3.4.4 Describe planned training with examples.
3.5.5 Differentiate between, education training and supervision of an employee.
3.6.6 Explain safety organization(Industry) as educational medium to avoid accidents
for women workers.

4 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RECORD AND REPORT

4.1Accident Investigation terminology and maintain record of reports.
4.1.1 Define accident investigation.
4.1.2 Describe the accident fully, whether the injured person fell or was struck
4.1.3 Narrate various factors of accident
4.1.4 Name the machine, tool, appliance, gas, liquid involved in accident
4.1.5 State of motors, pulley's gears etc.
4.1.6 Enlist total number of such accidents occurred in an year.
4.1.7 Specify remedial measures in the form of a report such as
Better illumiuation needed.
Better ventilation.
Providing goggles.
Enforcing instruction especially to women/men who work on plant
operations.
4.1.8 Explain the importance of training of an employee.

5 INDUSTRIAL NOISE AND CONTROL

5.1Industrial noise and control.
5.1.1 Define Industrial noise.
5.1.2 Enlist types of noise with frequency.
5.1.3 Explain the complexity of noise on worker in a chemical industry.
5.1.4 Describe causes of noise.
5.1.5 Explain the relationship of noise to accident and prevention.
5.1.6 Explain noise standards.
5.1.7 Describe medical view point on noise and its control.
5.1.8 Explain control medium of noise.

6 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND PLANT SANITATION

6.1Industrial Hygiene and sanitation.
6.1.1 Define Industrial Hygiene and sanitation.
6.1.2 Name various Hygiene and sanitation methods.
6.1.3 Explain all methods and its effect upon accident prevention.
7 FIRE PREVENTION HAZARDS
7.1 fire hazards and prevention.
7.1.1 Define fire hazards.
7.2.2 Enlist types of fires in a chemical Industry.
7.2.3 Name fire fighting and extinguishing equipments.
7.2.4 Explain origin of the fire.
7.2.5 Describe fire resistive designs and construction/equipments.
7.2.6 Explain method of fire prevention.
7.2.7 Explain the use of fire extinguish and the chemicals it contains.
7.2.8 Describe the use of chemical to avoid accidents due to fire.

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 CHT- 283 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
T P C
2 3 3

OBJECTIVES.

1. the scientific methods as applied to the development of the laws of chemistry and physics.
2. Techniques for the control of chemical phenomnon from the study of laws of chemistry
and physics.
3. Acquire the techniques used in analystical methods.

COURSE CONTENTS.

1. THERMOCHEMISTRY. 06
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Exothermic and endothermic reaction.
1.3 Heat of Reaction.
1.4 Factor affecting heat of reaction
1.5 Heat of formation.
1.6 Heat of combustion.
1.7 Application of heat of combustion.
1.8 Heat of Neutralization.
1.9 Hess's law of constant heat summation.

2. THERMODYNAMICS.
04
2.1 First law of thermodynamics.
2.2 Heat changes at constant pressure and at constant volume.

3. SOLUTION. 12
3.1 Solution, types of solutions.
3.2 Concentration.
3.3 Normality, Normal solution.
3.4 Molarity, Molar solution Molality.
3.5 Percentage composition.
3.6 Properties of solution.
3.7 Electrolytes.
3.8 Definition of solubility.
3.9 Effect of temperature and pressure on solubility.
3.10 Elevation of boiling point and its applications.
3.11 Depression of freezing point and its applications.

4. COLLOIDAL STATE. 08
4.1 Preparation of colloidal solutions.
4.2 Properties of coilordat solutions.
4.3 Application of colloidal chemistry in industry.

5.PHOTOCHEMISTRY.
06
5.1 Sources of photochemical reactions.
5.2 Photochemical reaction.
5.3 Laws of photochemistry.
5.4 Measurement of intensity of Radiation.
123
 5.5 Photosensitisation.
5.6 Photosynthsis.
5.7 Photophysical phenomena.
Luminesense

Phosphorsence.
5.8 Application of photochemistry.

6. ELECTROCHEMISTRY. 06
6.1 Electrolytes and electrolysis.
6.2 Electrolytes and Ohm's Law.
6.3 Conductivity of electrolytes.
6.4 Faraday's Law of electrolytes.
6.5 Effect of dilution on conductivity.
6.6 Measurement of conductivity.

7. RADIOACTIVITY. 10
7.1 Natural radioactivity.
7.2 Artifical radioactivity.
7.3 Properties of A-ray.
7.4 Properties of B-rays.
7.5 Properties of R-rays.
7.6 Protons, neutrons omega emmision
7.7 Positrons and other particles discovered.
7.8 Detection and measurement of Radioactivity.
7.9 Nuclear fission and its application.
7.10 Nuclear fussion and its applications.
7.11 Radioactive disintegration series.
7.12 Isotopes with examples.
7.13 Isobars with examples.

8. CHEMICAL KINETICS. 06
8.1 Velocity of a chemcial reaction.
8.2 Reaction rate and velocity constant.
8.3 Factors which affect reaction ratio

9. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. 06
9.1 Law of mass action.
9.2 Equilibrium mixtures and measurement of equilibrium content.
9.3 Hydrolysis of bicarbonates.
9.4 Reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol reaction between hydrogen and lodine.
9.5 Applicaiton of equilibrium constant.
9.6 Effect of temprature, pressure, concentration and cataljst.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS.
1. Chemistry for Class XI
Published by Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.
2. Essentials of Physical Chemistry by B.S. Bhal, G.D.Tuli.

124
CHT -283 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1.1chemistry
1.1.1 Define thermo chemistry
1.1.2 Distinguish exothermic and endothermic reactions.
1.1.3 Give examples of exothermic and endo thermic reactions.
1.1.4 Explain heat of reaction
1.1.5 Enlist factors affecting heat of reaction
1.1.6 Describe heat of formation
1.1.7 Illustrate heat of combustion
1.1.8 Enlist heat of combustion application
1.1.9 Describe heat of neutralization
1.1.10 State Hess's law of constant heat summation
1.1.11 Solve problems based on Hess's law

2 THERMODYNAMICS
2.1thermodynamics
2.1.1 State first law of thermodynamics
2.1.2 Calculate heat changes at constant volume
2.1.3 Calculate heat change at constant pressure

3 SOLUTION
3.1solution
3.1.1 Define solution
3.1.2 Give examples of types of solution
3.1.3 Define concentration
3.1.4 Explain normality
3.1.5 Describe molarity
3.1.6 Explain percentage composition
3.1.7 Illustrate properties of solution
3.1.8 Explain electrolysis
3.1.9 Define solubility
3.1.10 Describe effect of temperature and pressure on solubility
3.1.11 Explain elevation of boiling point
3.1.12 Enlist elevation of boiling point application
3.1.13 Explain depression of freezing point
3.1.14 Enlist depression of freezing point applications

4 COLLOIDAL STATE
4.1colloidal state
4.1.1 Explain colloidal state
4.1.2 Prepare different colloidal solutions
4.1.3 Describe properties of colloidal solutions
4.1.4 Enlist colloidal chemistry application in industry

5 PHOTO CHEMISTRY
5.1Understand photo chemistry
5.1.1 Enlist sources of photo chemical radiations
5.1.2 Describe photo chemical reactions
5.1.3 State different laws of photo chemistry
5.1.4 Enlist different instruments used to measure intensity of radiations
125
 5.1.5 Describe photos sensitization
5.1.6 Define photo synthesis
5.1.7 Define luminescence
5.1.8 Explain briefly fluorescence
5.1.9 Define phosphorescence
5.1.10 Enlist applications of photo chemistry

6 UNDERSTAND ELECTRO CHEMISTRY

6.1Describe electrolytes
6.2State ohm's law
6.3Describe conductivity of electrolytes
6.4State faraday's laws of electrolysis
6.5Explain effect of dilution on conductivity
6.6Enlist instruments used to measure the conductivity

7 UNDERSTAND RADIOACTIVITY
7.1Define natural radioactivity
7.2Define artificial radioactivity
7.3Enlist properties of alphorays, Beta rays, gamma rays
7.4Describe particles of atom like proton, neutron, positron
7.5Explain the method, for radio activity measurement
7.6Define nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
7.7Enlist nuclear fission and nuclear fusion application
7.8Explain radioactive disintegration series
7.9Give examples of Isobars and Isotopes

8 UNDERSTAND CHEMICAL KINETICS

8.1Calculate velocity of chemical kinetics
8.2Explain reaction rate
8.3Describe velocity constant
8.4Enlist factors which effect reaction rate

9 UNDERSTAND CHEMICAL
EQUILIBRIUM 9.1.1 State law of mass action
9.1.2 Define equilibrium mixtures
9.1.3 Measure equilibrium constant
9.1.4 Explain hydrolysis of Bicl
9.1.5 Describe reaction between on organic acid and an alcohol
9.1.6 Illustrate reaction between hydrogen and Iodine
9.1.7 Enlist equilibrium constant application
9.1.8 Describe effect of temperature, pressure, concentration and catalyst on equilibrium constant

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CHT 283 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.

LIST OF PRACTICALS.
No. of
Practicals.
1. To weigh the chemicals on an analytical balance (use of sensitive analytical balance) 03
2. To determine the melting point of a given organic compounds. 01
3. To determine the boiling point of a given liquid. 01
4. Determine the specific gravity of the given liquid. 02
5. Determine the viscovity by viscometer (ostwalds viscometer) 02
6. Determine of solubility of common salt at room temperature. 01
7. To separate the mixture by sublimation. 02
8. To obtain alcohol from a mixture of alcohol and water by distillation. 02
9. To determine the equivalent weight of magnescium (To verify the law of constant composition) 02
10. Preparation of standard solution of alkalies and acids e.g NaOH, KOH, ocalic acid
and succinic acid. 04
11. Prepare approximate solution of H2SO4 and determine its exact mormility by titrating
it against standard N/10 NaoH. 02
12. Detemination of surface tension by stalgo meter. 02
- Determination of surfacetension of liquid by using torsion balance.
- Preparation of collodial solution and study the properties of colliodal solution.
- Determination of equilibrium constant and rate of reaction (Ist degree reaction and 2nd
degree reaction).
- Preparation of Neon signs.

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CHT 293 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - I.
T P C
2 3 3
OBJECTIVES.
1. Apply technical principles of unit operation in chemical engineering.
2. To apply principles of unit operation in the laboratory work.
3. Know the construction of working of chemical process of equipment related to
different industrial operations, its uses and applications.

COURSE CONTENTS.

1 UNIT OPERATIONS OF CHEMCIAL ENGINEERING 12

1.1 Flow of fluids,types of fluids.
1.2 Fluids statics, fluds dynamics.
1.3 Mechranisum of fluids flow.
1.4 Reynold's number, significance of Reynold number
1.5 Manometers, types
1.6 `U' tube manometers.
1.7 Inclined and well type manometers.
1.8 Viscosity, units of viscosity.
1.9 Bernouli's theorem.
1.10 Fluids Heads, friction losses
1.11 Friction in pipes, sudden enlargement and contraction losses in fittings
Module

2. MEASUREMENT OF FLUIDS; 08
2.1 Venturi-meter, orificemeter.
2.2 Rotameters, Pitot tubes & weirs.
2.3 Displacement meters.(i) Disc meter
2.4 (ii) Current mater

3. PUMPS 12
3.1 Pumps types of pumps.
3.2 Pump's terminology i.e. capacity velocity head, suction heads and net positive suction
Head, cavitation
3.3 Centrifugal pumps, types, construction and working
3.4 Construction and working of rotary pumps.
3.5 Construction and operation of reciprocating pumps i.e. Piston pumps
3.6 Plunger Pump, Simplex type, their construction and working principles..
3.7 Theory of compression, compressor selection.
3.8 Construction and working of reciprocating compressor.
3.9 Construction and working of centrifugal compressor.

4. HEAT TRANSFER 12
4.1 Modes of Heat transfer, fourier law.
4.2 Thermal conductivity, pipe insulation.
4.3 Film Coefficient
4.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient.
128
 4.5 Factors affecting heat transfer coefficient.
4.6 Classification of heat exchange equipments.
4.7 Double pipe heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger.
4.8 Floating head heat excangers
4.9 Extended surface heat exchangers and condensers.

5. EVAPORATION.
5.1 Basic principles of evaporation. 12
5.2 Types of evaporators.
5.3 Construction and operation of
i) Short tube evaporatar
ii) Long tube vertical evaporator.
5.4 Forced circulation upward flow (climbing film) evaporator.
5.6 Constriction and working of.
i) Falling film evaporators.
ii) Agitated film evaporator.
5.7 Evaporator accessories.
5.8 Surface condenser, contact condonsers.
5.9 Multiple evaporators.
5.10 Principle economy and capacity.
5.11 Effect o0f boiling point elevation.
5.12 Methods of feeding.
5.13 Removal of non-condensed gases
5.14 Removal of condensates, salt removal

6. EVAPORATOR PROBLEMS 08
6.1 Scale formation and its removal
6.2 Steam table and their use, choice of steam pressure
6.3 Trouble shootings in operation of evaporators, remedies

RECOMMENDED BOOKS.

1. I. M. Coulson and J. H. Richardson Introduction to Chemical Engineering

2. A. H. Perry Chemical Engineering Hand Book

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CHT 293 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - I
T P C
2 3 3
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1.1 THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE UNIT OPERATIONS

1.1.1 Define unit operation and unit process
1.1.2 Give examples of unit operations
1.1.3 Give examples of unit process
1.1.4 Explain basic laws (law of material balance law of energy balance ) of chemical
energy
1.1.5 Differentiate between steady state and non stesdy state systems

2.1 UNDERSTAND THE FLUID

2.1.1 Define fluid
2.1.2 Give types of fluid
2.1.3 differentiate between newtonion and non newtonian fluids
2.1.4 Give examples of the two types of fluids

2.2 UNDERSTAND THE FLUID PRESSURE

2.2.1 Define fluid statics
2.2.2 Develop a relationship to calculate the pressure exerted by liquid column

2.3 UNDERSTAND THE MANOMETER

2.3.1 Define manometer
2.3.2 Give the types of manometers
2.3.3 Explain the construction and working of simple manometer(u-tube manometer)
2.3.4 Explain the construction and working of differential
manometer
2.3.5 Explain the construction and working of inclined tube
manometer
2.3.6 Calculate pressure drop from manometer readings

2.4 UNDERSTAND THE FLUID DYNAMICS

2.4.1 Define fluid dyamics
2.4.2 Explain the mechanism of fluid flow by Reynold experiment
2.4.3 Differentiate between laminar flow and turbulent flow
2.4.4 Explain Reynolds number
2.4.6 Differentiate between point velocity, maximum velocity and mean velocity of the
flowing fluid

2.5 UNDERSTAND THE VISCOSITY

2.5.1 Define viscosity
2.5.2 Explain the units of viscosity
2.5.3 Calculate the viscosity of fluids by using hagen poiscuille equation

2.6 UNDERSTAND BERBOULLI'S THEOREM

2.6.1 Explain bernoulli's theorem
130
 2.6.2 Develop a mathematical equation for bernoulli's theorem
2.6.3 Explain fluid heads
2.6.4 Calculate the H.P of the pump required to pump the liquid from station A & B , by
using bernoull's equation

2.7 UNDERSTAND FIRCTION LOSSES

2.7.1 Enlist different kinds of friction losses
2.7.2 Calculate the head loss due friction in pipes
2.7.3 Calculate the head loss due to sudden enlargement
2.7.4 Calculate the head loss due to sudden contraction
2.7.5 Explain the losses in fittings in terms of equivalent pipe length

2.8 UNDERSTAND THE MEASUREMENT OF DISCHARGE OF FLUIDS

2.8.1 Enlist the equipment used for the measurement of flow rate of fluids
2.8.2 Explain the construction and working of orifice meter
2.8.3 Explain the methods of installation of an orificie meter
2.8.4 Explain athe construction and working of venturimeter
2.8.5 Give comparison between orifice meter and venturimeter
2.8.6 Explain the construction and working of pilot take
2.8.7 Explain the construction and working of rotameter
2.8.8 Explain the construction and working of weirs

3.1 UNDERSTAND THE TERMINOLOGY OF PUMPS

3.1.1 Define pump
3.1.2 Define pump capacity
3.1.3 Explain suction head
3.1.4 Explain net positive suction head
3.1.5 Explain discharge head
3.1.6 Explain velocity head
3.1.7 Explain pump efficiency

3.2 UNDERSTAND THE TYPES OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

3.2.1 Define positive displacement pump
3.2.2 Explain the classification of positive displacement pumps
3.2.3 Explain the construction and working of a reciprocating pump (piston pump)
3.2.4 Explain the construction and working of a plunger pump
3.2.5 Explain the construction and working of diaphragm pump
3.2.6 Explain the construction and working of a gear pump
3.2.7 Explain the construction and working of cycloidal pump

3.3 UNDERSTAND THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF

CENTIFUGAL PUMPS
3.3.1 Define centrifugal pump
3.3.2 Give the classification of centifugal pumps
3.3.3 Explain the construction and working of a volute pump
3.3.4 Explain consitation in a c.f pump
3.3.5 Explain priming of a c. f pump
3.3.6 Explain and thrust in a c. f pump
131
 3.3.7 Explain the construction of a turbine pump

3.4 UNDERSTAND THE SELECTION METHOD OF A PUMP

3.4.1 Enlist the factors that are to be considered in the selection of a pump
3.4.2 Give comparison between centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump
3.4.3 Enlist the pump loses

4.1 UNDERSTAND THE BLOWERS

4.1.1 Define blower
4.1.2 Explain the construction and working of cycloidal blower
4.1.3 Explain the construction and working of nash hytor
4.1.4 Explain the construction and working of centrifugal blower

4.2 UNDERSTAND THE COMPRESSAS

4.2.1 Define compressor
4.2.2 Explain the working principle of reciprocating compressor
4.2.3 Explain the working principle of centrifugal compressor
4.2.4 Enlist the factors one should consider while selecting a compressor

5.1 UNDERSTAND MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER

5.1.1 Define heat
5.1.2 Enlist modes of heat transfer
5.1.3 Explain conduction
5.1.4 Explain convection
5.1.5 Explain radiation
5.1.6 Give examples of the three cmodes of heat transfer

5.2 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO CONDUCTION

5.2.1 State fouriers law of heat conduction
5.2.2 Give mathematical form of fouriers law
5.2.3 Explain thermal conductivity
5.2.4 Give units of thermal conductivity
5.2.5 Explain the effect of thermal conductivity
5.2.6 Develop a formula to calculate heat flow through compound resistance in flat wall
5.2.7 Develop a formula to calculate heat flow through
cylinderical wall
5.2.8 Calculate heat loss through a flat furnace wall
5.2.9 Calculate heat loss through a cylinderical furnace wall
5.2.10 Calculate the thickness of insulation layer on a hot pipe

5.3 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO CONVECTION

5.3.1 State newtons law of heat convection
5.3.2 Explain film co-efficients
5.3.3 Develop an equation for overall heat transfer co efficient by combining film co-
efficients
5.3.4 Give the factors effecting overall heat transfer co-
efficient
5.3.5 Calculate the overall heat transfer co-efficient when film co-efficients are given

132
5.4 UNDERSTNAD TEMPERATURE DROP IN FLOWING FLUIDS
5.4.1 Differentiate between co-current flow and counter current
flow
5.4.2 Calculate temperature in parallel flow
5.4.3 Calculate temperature drop in counter current flows
5.4.4 Calculate mean temperature difference
5.4.5 Calculate log meam temperature difference

5.5 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO CONDUCTION

5.5.1 State stefan boltzman law of heat radiation
5.5.2 Explain black body
5.5.3 Explain grey body
5.5.4 calculate the heat transfer by radiation

5.6 UNDERSTAND HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENTS

5.6.1 Define heater
5.6.2 Define heat exchanger
5.6.3 Give the classification of heat exchangers
5.6.4 Explain the construction and working of pipe heat exchanger
5.6.5 Explain the construction and working of tubular (shell and tube) heat exchanger
5.6.6 Explain the construction and working of floating head heat exchanger
5.6.7 Explain the finned tubes heater

6.1 UNDERSTNAD DIFFERENT TYPES OF EVAPORATORS

6.1.1 Define evaporation
6.1.2 Enlist types of evaporators
6.1.3 Explain construction and working of horizontal tube
Evaporator
6.1.4 Explain construction and working of short tubes evaporator
6.1.5 Explain construction and working of long tubes evaporator
6.1.6 Explain construction and working of climbing film evaporator
6.1.7 Explain construction and working of falling film evaporator

6.2 UNDERSTAND EVAPORATOR ACCESSORIES

6.2.1 Define evaporator accessories
6.2.2 Enlist evaporator accessories
6.2.3 Enlist different types of condenser
6.2.4 Explain the working of a contact condenser
6.2.5 Explain the construction and working of a steam ejector
6.2.6 Explain the construction and working of an entrainment separator

6.3 UNDERSTNAD MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR

6.3.1 Explain basic principle of multiple effect evaporation
Explain construction and working of a tiple effect
evaporator
Enlist the methods of feeding
133
 Explain forward feeding method
Explain backward feeding method
Explain mixed feeding method
Explain economy and capacity of a multiple effect
evaporator

6.4 MAKE CALCULATIONS RELATED TO EVAPORATOR

6.4.1 Explain the use of steam table
6.4.2 Calculate the amount of steam required for evaporating a given feecd to a desired
concentration in a single effect evaporator

6.5 UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEMS OF EVAPORATORS

6.5.1 Explain the effect of non-condensed gases and their removal
Explain scale formation, its effects and removal
Explain trouble shootings in the operation of evaporator
and their remedies

134
CHT 293 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - I.

LIST OF PRACTICALS.

1. Introduction to the unit operation laboratory.

2. Study the operating characteristics and performance of a centrifugal type pump. Dismental and
assemble centrifugal pump.
3. Calibrate a storage tank to obtain weight and volume relationship per unit height and study of
important values used in chemical industry.
4. Prepare a graph of co-efficient of discharge of an orifice vs Reynold number.
5. Make flow measurement by venturimeter.
6. Measurement of friction in pipes.
7. Determine the efficiency if a boiler.
8. Determine overall heat transfer co-efficient from hot gases and to note the effect of stirring on
overall heat transfer co-efficient.
9. Determine the heat boxes from a steam pipe and observe the effect of lagging.
9. To determine the overall heat transfer and efficiency of equipment examplified by the preheater
and condenser of a climbing and falling film type evaporator when
a) Feed rate is constant.
b) Steam pressure is constant.

135
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137
DAE Technology

138
DAE Technology

139
DAE Technology

140
DAE Technology

141
DAE Technology

142
Mgm-311 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RELATIONS.

Total Contact Hours T P C

Theory 32 1 0 1

AIMS: The study of this subject will enable the student to develop the management skill,
acquaint him with the principles of management and human relations and develop
psychological approach to solve the labour problems.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY. 2 Hours

1.1 History and definition.
1.2 Nature and scope.

2. LEADERSHIP 1 Hour
2.1 Definition and types.
2.3 Qualities of a good leader.

3. MOTIVATION 2 Hours
3.1 Definition.
3.2 Types (Financial and non- financial motives).
3.3 Conflict of motives.

4. MORALE 1 Hour
4.1 Importance.
4.2 Development.
4.3 Measurement.

5. HUMAN ENGINEERING. 1 Hour

5.1 Importance of human factor in industry.
5.2 Man-machine system.
5.3 Strategy for making allocation decisions.

6. INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE AND BOREDOM. 2 Hours

6.1 Definition and distinction.
6.2 Psychological causes.
6.3 Objective causes.
6.4 Prevention
7. INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 2 Hours
7.1 Psychological causes.
7.2 Objective causes.
7.3 Prevention
8. INDUSTRIAL PREJUDICE 2 Hours
8.1 Causes
143
 8.2 Remedies
9. PUBLIC RELATIONS. 2 Hours
9.1 Importance
9.2 Functions
10. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 2 Hours
10.1 Importance
10.2 Choice of job.
10.3 During service.
11. JOB EVALUATION 2 Hours
11.1 Importance
11.2 Methods
11.3 Job satisfaction
11.4 Work simplification.
12. INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT 2 Hours
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Functions of management.
12.3 Subdivisions of management
12.4 Objectives of industrial management.
13. PERSONNEL SELECTION. 2 Hours
13.1 Recruitment of employees.
13.2 Training.
13.3 Effects of training on production and product cost.
14. WORKING CONDITIONS. 2 Hours
14.1 Importance and consideration.
14.2 Effects on efficiency and per unit cost.
15. TIME AND MOTION STUDY. 3 Hours
15.1 Concept and importance.
15.2 Sequence of motion study.
15.3 Principles of motion study.
15.4 Steps to time study.
15.5 Determination of operations time.
16. QUALITY CONTROL. 2 Hours
16.1 Concept and advantages
16.2 Methods.

144
17.ROLE OF FOREMAN IN MANAGEMENT. 2 Hours
17.1 Foreman's abilities.
17.2 Duties and functions.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1C.S. Meyers, Industrial Psychology, Oxford University Press, London.
2. Smith Wakley, Psychology of Industrial Behaviors, Mc-Graw Hill, New York.
3. Ghulam Hussain, Nizamat-e-Sanaat Aur Insani Rawabat, Ilmi
Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
4. Andrew R. Megill, The Process of Management William M New Man.
5. Richard N Omen, Management of Industrial Enterprises.

145
Mgm-311 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RELATIONS.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. KNOW INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY.

1.1Describe brief history if industrial psychology.
1.2Describe in detail definition of industrial psychology.
1.3State nature and scope of industrial psychology.

2. KNOW LEADERSHIP.
2.1Define leadership.
2.2Describe types of leadership.
2.3State qualities of a good leader.

3. UNDERSTAND MOTIVATION.
3.1Define motivation.
3.2Describe financial and non financial motives.
3.3Explain conflict of motives.

4. KNOW MORALE.
4.1State importance of morale.
4.2Describe development of morale.
4.3State the method of measurement of morale.

5. UNDERSTAND HUMAN ENGINEERING.

5.1Explain importance of human engineering in the industry.
5.2Explain man-machine system.
5.3Explain strategy for making allocation decisions.

6. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE AND BOREDOM.

6.1Define fatigue and boredom.
6.2Describe psychological causes of fatigue and boredom.
6.3Describe objective causes of fatigue and boredom.
6.4Explain measures to prevent fatigue and boredom.

7. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS.

7.1Explain psychological causes of industrial accidents.
7.2Explain objective causes of industrial accidents.
7.3Explain measures to prevent industrial accidents.

8. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL PREJUDICE.

8.1Define prejudice
146
 8.2 Explain causes of industrial prejudice.
8.3 Explain remedies of industrial prejudice.

9. UNDERSTAND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS.

9.1Explain importance of public relations.
9.2Explain functions of public relations.

10. UNDERSTAND THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING.

10.1 State importance of guidance and counselling.
10.2 Explain the role of guidance and counselling in choosing the job.
10.3 Describe help of guidance and counselling during service.

11. UNDERSTAND JOB EVALUATION.

11.1 Explain importance of job evaluation.
11.2 Explain methods of job evaluation.
11.3 Explain job satisfaction.
11.4 Explain work simplification.

12. UNDERSTAND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT.

12.1 Define management.
12.2 State functions of management.
12.3 Enlist subdivision of management.
12.4 Explain objectives of industrial management.

13. UNDERSTAND TRAINING AND ITS EFFECTS.

13.1 Describe the recruitment procedure of employees in an industrial concern.
13.2 Explain training.
13.3 Identify the kinds of training.
13.4 Explain the effects of training on production and product cost.

14. UNDERSTAND THE EFFECT OF WORKING CONDITION ON

EFFICIENCY. 15.1 Explain importance of working condition.
15.2 Describe air-conditioning, ventilation, lighting and noise.
15.3 State the effects of good working conditions on efficiency and per unit cost.
15. UNDERSTAND TIME AND MOTION STUDY.
15.1 Explain the concept.
15.2 Describe the importance of work study.
15.3 Explain the sequence of motion study.
15.4 State the principles of motion study.
15.5 Describe the steps for carrying out time study.
15.6 Explain the method of determination of operations time.

147
16. UNDERSTAND THE METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL.
16.1 Define quality control
16.2 State the advantages of quality control.
16.2 Explain methods of quality control.

17. UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF FOREMAN IN AN

INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKING.
17.1 Explain ability of the foreman.
17.2 Enlist duties of foreman.
17.3 Describe functions of foreman as middle management.

148
CHT 314(Rev.) INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS.
T P C
2 6 4
Objectives
1 To enable students to understand construction and working mechanism of
instruments used for analytical purpose.
2 To enable students to understand the principles/properties of light for analytical
purpose.
3 Handsome working experience of different analytical equipments.

COURSE CONTENTS. HOURs

1. INTRODUCTION. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS. 04

1.1Light and its properties.
1.2Radiant energy. Reflection , Refraction, Absorbence.
1.3Light waves transmittance and their energy.

2. COLORIMETRY. 06
2.1 Fundamental law of colorimetry.
2.2 Borger’s Law , Bear's Lambort s Law.
2.3 Photo emissive tube construction and working.
2.4 Photo meter.
2.5 Single beam photo meter. Construction and working.
2.6 Double beam photo meter. Construction and working.
2.7 Borger, Bear's law applied to photo electric colorimetry.

3. FLUORESCENCE, PHOTO SCENES (DEFINITION, APPLICATION.) 04

3.1 Fluorescence methods for the Fluorescence development.
3.2 Relationship between florescent intensity and concentration.
3.3 Filter flourometer.
3.4 Construction, operating parts and working of fluorescence meter.

4. TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHELOMETRY. 04

4.1 Application.
4.2 Nephelometer
4.3 Construction and working.
4.4 Turbidimeter, its construction and working.

5. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY. 08
5.1 Spectrum of light, visible spectra.
5.2 Ultra violet spectra.
5.3 Infrared spectra.
5.4 Absorption spectra, emission spectra.
5.5 Molecular structure, origin of spectra.
5.6 Specto photo meter.
149
 5.7 Construction and working of a spectro photo meter.
5.8 Ultra violet spectro photo meter.
5.9 Construction and working parts.
5.10 Infrared spectro photo meter.
5.11 Construction and working parts.
5.12 Application of spectrophotometer.

6. FLAME PHOTO METRY. 04

6.1 Definition, application.
6.2 Flame photo meter.
6.3 Parts of flame photo meter.
6.4 Flow meter.
6.5 Atomise Burner.
6.6 Optical system.
6.7 Photo sensitive detector.
6.8 Recording equipment.
6.9 Commercial flame photo meter.
6.10 Construction and working.

7. REFRACTIVE INDEX AND REFRACTOMETERY. 04

7.1 Effect of temperature.
7.2 Application.
7.3 Refractometer.
7.4 Abbe's refracto meter, construction and working.
7.5 Fisher s refractometer, construction and working.

8. POLARIMETRY. 04
8.1 Optical active material, optical activity.
8.2 Plane polarized light.
8.3 Levo rotatory dextro rotatory.
8.4 Calculation of optical rotation.
8.5 Specific rotation.
8.6 Polarimeter, construction and working.
8.7 Application of polarimetry.

9. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. 04
9.1 Definition.
9.2 Principle of gas chromatography.
9.3 Study of gas Chromatography instrument (gas chromatography) essential parts.

10. POTENTIOMETRY: ELECTRODE POTENTIAL 04

10.1 E.M.F. of a cell.
10.2 Indicating electodes, reference electrode.
10.3 Glass electrode, hydrogen electrode.
10.4 Application of potentiometry.

150
 11. PH VALUE: POH VALUE. 08
11.1 Application of PH measurement
11.2 PH meter.
11.3 Construction working.
11.4 Buffer solution.
11.5 Properties of buffer solution.
11.6 Buffer capacity, Dilution value.
11.7 Standard Buffer solution.
11.8 Preparation of standard buffer solution.
11.9 Measurement of PH value.
11.10 Colorimetric determination of PH value.
11.11 PH paper methods, indicator method.
11.12 By direct reading PH meter.

12.ELECTROLYSIS, APPLICATIONS. 06
12.1 Equipment for electrolysis.
12.2 Electrolysis, analyzer and its parts.
12.3 Reactions on anode and cathode.
12.4 Separation of metals by electrolysis (Procedure).
12.5 Faraday's Laws of electrolysis.
12.6 Numericals.

13.CONDUCTIVITY AND CONDUCTOMETRY. 04

13.1 Conductivity cell, cell constant.
13.2 Conductivity bridge.
13.3 Measurement of specific conductance equivalent conductance.
13.4 Molar conductivity.
13.5 Application of Conductometer.

RECOMMENDED BOOK:
1. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by, Willand, H.N. Meriit
and Dean J.A.
2. Industrial Instrumentation by S.K. Singh
3. Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Control by William C. Dunn

151
CHT 314(Rev.) INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1Student will be able to understand the instrumental method of
analysis
1.1.1 Define instrumental method of analysis
1.1.2 Give 4 merits of I.M.A.
1.1.3 Enlist the demerits of I.M.A.
1.1.4 Name different I.M.A.

2 LIGHT
2.1Understand light
2.1.1 Define light
2.1.2 Enlist different properties of light
2.1.3 Explain different properties of light
2.2Understand radiant energy
2.2.1 Define radiant energy
2.2.2 Give different units for the measurement of wave length
2.2.3 Calculate radiant energy by using the formula E=hc

3 COLORIMETRY
3.1Understand colorimetry
3.1.1 Define colorimetry
3.1.2 Define transmittance and absorbance
Enlist photometric laws
Define bouge's law
Define beer's law
3.2Understand photo electric colorimetry
3.2.1 Define photo electric colorimetry
Enlist different photo dectectors
Explain the construction and working of photo tube/cell.
3.3Understand photo meter
3.3.1 Define photometer
Explain the working of single beam photometer
Explain the working of double beam photometer
Give comparison of the two photometers
Calculate the concentration of sample solution from photometer readings by
using Borger-Beer's law equation

4 PHOTO LUMINESCENCE
4.1 Photo Luminescence
4.1.1 Define photo luminescence
4.1.2 Give examples of photo luminescence
152
 4.1.3 Differentiate between Fluorescence and luminescence.
4.1.4 Explain the methods of making Fluorescence spectrum
4.1.5 Develop a relationship between Fluorescence intensity and concentration
4.2 Fluorescence
4.2.1 Define Fluorescence.
4.2.2 Draw working diagram of filter Fluorescence.
4.2.3 Draw working diagram of specto Fluorescence.
4.2.4 Explain the function of operating parts of Fluorescence.

5 TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHLOMETRY

5.1Understand turbidimetry and Nephlometry
5.1.1 Define turbidimetry
5.1.2 Define Nephlometry
5.1.3 Give industrial applications of turbidimetry
5.1.4 Explain the construction and working of turbidimeter
5.1.5 Explain the construction and working of Nephlometer

6 SPECTRO PHOTOMETRY
6.1Understand spectro photometry
6.1.1 Define spectrophotometry
6.1.2 Define dispersion of light
6.1.3 Explain spectrum of light
6.1.4 Explain visible spectra UV-spectra IR-spectra
6.1.5 Explain Absolution spectra, emission spectra, molecular spectra and origin
of spectra
6.2Understand spectro photometer
6.2.1 Enlist essential parts of spectro photometer
6.2.2 Draw working diagram of spectro-photometer
6.2.3 Explain the working of spectro-photometer
6.2.4 Explain construction and working of UV-spectro photometer
6.2.5 Explain construction and working of IR-spectro photometer
6.2.6 Application of spectro photometry.

7 FLAME PHOTOMETRY
7.1Understand flame photometry
7.1.1 Define flame photometry
7.1.2 Give applications of flame photometry
7.1.3 Enlist essential parts of flame photometer.
7.1.4 Explain construction and working of a commercial flame photometer

8 REFRACTOMETR
Y 8.1 Refractometry
8.1.1 Explain refraction of light
8.1.2 Explain refractive index
8.1.3 Explain the effect of temperature on refractive index
8.1.4 Define refractometry
153
 8.1.5 Give applications of refractometry
8.1.6 Explain the construction and working of Abbe's refractameter
8.1.7 Explain the construction and working of fisher s refractometer

9 POLARIMETRY
9.1 Polarimetry
9.1.1 Define plane polarised light
9.1.2 Define optical active material and optical activity
9.1.3 Define levo rotatory material and dextro rotatory material
9.1.4 Give examples of optical active materials
9.1.5 Calculate specific rotation by using the formula [x]=100x
9.1.6 Draw working diagram of polarimeter
9.1.7 Enlist parts of a polarimeter
9.1.8 Explain the function of different parts of polarimeter
9.1.9 Applications of polarimetry.

10 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
10.1 Gas chromatography
10.1.1 Define gas chromatography
10.1.2 Explain principle of gas chromatography
10.1.3 Draw working diagram of gas.
10.1.4 Chromatograph.
10.1.5 Enlist essential parts of gas chromatograph.
10.1.6 Enlist different detectors used
10.1.7 Explain the construction and working of detectors
(a) Conductivity detector
(b) Thermal conductivity detector
(c) Flame ignition detector
(d) Density box detector

11 POTENTIOMETRY
11.1 Potentiometry
11.1.1 Define potentiometry
Explain electrode potential
Explain e.m.f. of a cell
Calculate e.m.f. of a cell
Differentiate between indicating electrode and reference
electrode Enlist different reference electrodes
Explain the construction and working of
(a) Hydrogen electrode
(b) Glass electrode
(c) Calomal electrode
(d) Antimony electrode

12 PH-VALVE AND BUFFER

SOLUTION 12.1 PH-Valve
154
 12.1.1 Define PH-Valve
Define POH-Volve
Enlist applications of PH-measurement
12.2 Buffer solution
12.2.1 Define Buffer solution
12.2.2 Give properties of Buffer solution
12.2.3 Explain Buffer capacity Buffering valve
12.2.4 Explain dilution valve
12.2.5 Explain the preparation of standard Buffer solution
12.3 Measurement of PH-Value
12.3.1 Explain colorimetric determination of PH-Valve
(a) PH-paper method
(b) Indicator method
(c) Pocket comparator method
12.3.2 Explain the construction and working of direct reading PH-meter.
13 ELECTROLYSIS
13.1 Define Electrolyte
13.2 Define Electrolysis
13.3 Give applications of electrolysis
13.4 Draw a sketch to show the essential parts of Electrolytic analyzer
13.5 Explain the reaction at anode
13.6 Explain the reaction at cathode
13.7 Explain the procedure of separation of metals by electrolysis
13.8 Explain Faradays laws of electrolysis
13.9 Calculate the amount of material deposited by electrolysis(1st law based )
13.10 Calculate the chemical equivalent of given material by electrolytic method(2nd
law based )
14 CONDUCTOMETRY
14.1 Define Resistance and conductivity
14.2 Define specific resistance
14.3 Define specific conductance equivalent conductance and molecular
conductance
14.4 Give the units of resistance and conductance
14.5 Explain the construction of conductivity cell
14.6 Calculate cell constant
14.7 Explain the construction and working of conductivity bridge
14.8 Describe the measurement of conductivity and its applications.

155
 CHT 314(Rev.) INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS.

LIST OF PRACTICALS.

1. Study of reflection, refraction, dispersion of light.

2. Determination of Ammonia in water by Nessler reagent in colorimetry.
3. Determination of chlorine in water by visual colorimeter.
4. Determination of concentration of CuSO4 sample by visual colorimeter.
5. Determination the absorbance of transmittance for different concentration of
coloured solution by spectrophotometer.
6. Study the effect of wave length on the absorption of light by coloured solution.
7. Draw a concentration and absorption curve for coloured solutions.
8. Colorimetric determination of Nickel with Dimethyloxime (Nephlometry).
9. Determination of PO4 and SO4 contents by using Nephlometer.
10. Determination of Manganese in steel by using spectonoic 21 (auto-recording).
11. Study and operation of flame photometer.
12. Setting of flame by using controlling instruments.
13. Measurement of refractive index of various liquid by using Abbe Refractometer
and Fisher Refractometer.
14. Determination of calcium, sodium Potassium by using Photometer.
16. Determination of specific rotation of optical active materials.
17. Determination of concentration of source solution by using polarimeter.
18. Determination of Ph value of industrial samples by:
i. Indicating method.
ii. PH paper method.
iii. Pocket comparator method.
iv. PH meter (Direct reading).
19. Perform plating of a protective metal by electroplating techniques.
20. Verification of Faraday law.
21. Measurement of cell constant, sp. conductivity, equivalent conductivity,
molecular conductivity by using conductivity bridge/meter.
22. Analysis of flue gases by using Orsat apparatus.
23. Study of Gas Chromatography by presentation.
24. Study of U-V spectro photometer by presentation.
25. Industrial Labs visits.

Note: Class teacher can change the Practicals in accordance with the National and Industrial
need and the availability of instruments . In this connection he will get guidance from
head of department.

156
CHT- 343 PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
T P C
2 3 3

OBJECTIVES:-
1 To equipped students with the knowledge of temperature, pressure, flow sensors
and transducers.
2 Understand the mechanism of various control instruments used in various
chemical industries.
3 Explain the function and working of control instruments used for different
process variables. after going through the curriculum.
4 To inform the students about the control room of a chemical plant.

1. INRODUCTION. 8
1.1 Importance of process instrumentation in Chemical
industry.
1.2 How measurement are made.
1.3 Introduction to important process variables.
1.4 Temperature, Pressure
1.5 Flow, Level

2 BASIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION. 10

2.1Pascal's law.
2.2Bernoulli’s theorem.
2.3Hook's law.
2.4Thermoelectric effects.
2.5Wheatstone Bridge circuit
2.6Capacitance, Resistance, Inductance.

3 TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 8

3.1 Thermometers.
3.2 Liquid-filled thermometer.
3.3 Hg-filled thermometer.
3.4 Bi-metallic thermometers.
3.5 Pressure spring thermometers.
3.6 Thermocouples.
3.7 Resistance thermometers
3.8 Pyrometers (Optical radiation)
3.9 Pneumatic Temperature transmitters.

4 PRESSURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 10

4.1 U -tube manometer.
4.2 Inclined manometer
4.3 Well type manometer
157
 4.4 Inverted bell type manometer
4.5 Bourdon tube
4.6 (a) Spiral
4.7 (b) Helix
4.8 Bellows
4.9 Pneumatic Pressure transmitters.
4.10 Transducer
4.11 Definition of transducer
4.12 Electrical transducer
4.13 Mechanical transducer
4.14 The Pirani gauge.
4.15 Load cells.
4.16 Differential pressure transmitter.

5 FLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 8

5.1 Head meters
5.2 Orifice meter
5.3 Venturi meter
5.4 Flow nozzles
5.5 Variable area meters (Rota meters)
5.6 Magnetic flow meters
5.7 Open channel flow measuring instruments.
5.8 Transducer for flow sensor devices.

6 LIQUID LEVEL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 8

6.1 Direct liquid level measuring instruments.
6.2 Bob and tape
6.3 Sight glass
6.4 Floats
6.5 Probe type level detector.
6.6 Indirect liquid level measuring instruments
6.7 Pressure gauge.
6.8 Purge or bubbler systems.
6.9 Control loop
6.10 Pneumatic control valve
6.11 On-Off control.

7 CONTROL ROOM OF A CHEMICAL PLANT. 12

7.1 Parameter for control in a plant.
7.2 Flow controller indicators.
7.3 Level indicator controller.
7.4 Temperature indicator controller.
7.5 Pressure indicator controller.
7.6 P.L.C based controllers.
7.7 Elements of digital control system.

158
REFERENCES

1. Industrial Instrumentation fundamentals by Austin E Fribance McGraw-Hill

Book company

2. Instrumentation by Franklyn .W Kirk and Nicholas. Rinbo American Technical

society Chicage, Illinois

159
CHT-343 PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1. IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL INSTRUMENTS

1.1Name various process variable used in chemical industry
1.2Explain each variable a-
Temperature b-
Pressure
c-Flow
d-Level
1.3Explain the basic principles involved in process instrumentation
1.4Define Pascal’s Law
1.5Explain Pascal’s law with examples
1.6Explain Bernoulli’s theorem
1.7Enlist uses of Barnacles' theorem
1.8Define thermoelectric effect
1.9Draw neat sketch of wheat stone bridge circuit and explain it
1.10 Define each one of the followings
a-Capacitance
b-Resistance
c-Inductance
d-Impedance
1.11 Explain each one of no 10

2. TEMPRATURE
2.1Define temperature
2.2Distinguish between heat and temperature
2.3Enlist various temperature scale
2.4Read temperature on Celsius scale
2.5Read temperature on Fahrenheit scale

3 THERMAMETRY
3.1Describes liquid filled thermo-meter
3.2Explain mercury filled thermometer(with diagram)
3.3Explain bi metallic thermometer.
3.4Explain pressure spring thermometer

4 THERMOCOUPLES
4.1Define thermocouple
4.2Explain the primer of thermocouple
4.3Enlist various types of thermocouples
4.4Explain iron constantan thermocouple
4.5Explain chromium/Aluminum thermo couples
4.6Describe pt/rh-pt thermocouple
160
 4.7 Identify the use of each thermocouples for different temperature ranges

5 RESISTANCE THERMOMETER
5.1Define resistance thermometer
5.2Explain the principle of resistance thermometer
5.3Draw the diagram of wheat stone bridge circuit and label its parts.
5.4Describe the operation of the resistance thermometer

6 PYROMETERY AND PYROMETERS

6.1Define pyrometer.
6.2Enlist types of pyrometers
6.3Draw a neat0 sketch of the radiation pyrometer
6.4Describe the functioning of radiation pyrometer.
6.5Draw the diagram of optical pyrometer
6.6Explain the function and operation of the pyrometers
6.7Identify the pyrometer on the basis of temperature range and electrical circuit

7 TEMPRATURE TRANSMITTER
7.1Define temperature transmitter
7.2Enlist types of temperature transmitters
7.3Explain the principle of temperature transmitter.
7.4Draw the diagram
7.5Explain the electrical operation of the transmitter
7.6Identify the transmitters electronic on the bases of their operation and temperature
change

8 PRESSURE
8.1Define pressure
8.2Enlist various pressure measuring instruments.
8.3Describe U-tube manometer.
8.4Explain well type mano meter.
8.5Explain well type meter.
8.6Draw the neat sketch of a a-
Bourdon gauge b-
bellows
8.7Explain bourdon gauge.
8.8Explain the principle of differential pressure instruments
8.9Describe differential pressure instruments

8.10 Differentiate between differential pressure and direct pressure measuring instruments
8.11 List the uses of d/p measuring instrument
8.12 Differentiate between pneumatic and electronic pressure transmitters
8.13 Load cell

9 TRANSDUCERS
9.1Define transducers
161
 9.2 Enlist types of transducers
9.3 Draw diagrams of transducers.
9.4 Explain the mechanical/electrical transducer
9.5 Differentiate between mechanical and electrical transducer
9.6 Enlist five advantages of electrical transducer and there disadvantages of
mechanical transducer
9.7 Explain piirani gauge

10 FLOW MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

10.1 Describe flow of the fluid
10.2 Name type of flow
10.3 Enlist flow measuring instruments
10.4 Describe orifice meter
10.5 Explain venture-meter
10.6 Explain flow nozzle
10.7 Explain Rota meter
10.8 Explain magnetic flow meter
10.9 Explain pilot tube
10.10 Draw diagram of flow meter
10.11 Differentiate between
a-orifice meter & venturimeter
b-Rotameter and pilot tube
10.12 Enlist characteristics of each flow meter
10.13 Flow measuring transducers.

11 LEVEL MEASSURING INSTRUMENTS

11.1 Define level of the fluids
11.2 Name type of level meter.
11.3 Enlist level measuring instruments
11.4 Explain the principle of electrical level measuring instruments
11.5 Draw diagram of the level measuring instrument
11.6 Describe sight glass
11.7 Describe flood method
11.8 Explain the use of pressure gauge for in direct level measurements
11.9 Explain radio active system of level measurement
11.10 Explain the sonic principle
11.11 Explain the ultra sonic method for liquid level measurement
11.12 Explain liquid level measurement by load cell
11.13 Enlist four uses of electrical level measuring instrument

12 CONTROL SYSTEM
12.1 Define control system
12.2 Explain control loop with its working principle
12.3 Names various type of controllers
162
 12.4 Explain pneumatic control valve
12.5 Explain on-off control system
12.6 List uses of each controller

13 CONTROL ROOM OF A CHEMICAL

PLANT. 13.1 Parameterfor control in a plant.
13.2 Flow controller indicators.
13.3 Level indicator controller.
13.4 Temperature indicator controller.
13.5 Pressure indicator controller.
13.6 P.L.C based controllers.
13.7 Elements of digital control system.

163
 List of Practical.
1. Types of thermocouples and their measuring ranges.
2. Calibration of thermocouple.
3. The calibration of digital thermometer.
a. Draw a comparison chart of various temperature measuring instruments.
4. Construction and working of Bourdon gauge.
5. Calibration of pressure gauges by dead weight tester.
6. Pressure transducers and their working.
7. Construction and working of level indicators and controllers.
8. Construction and working of an incubator.
9. Explain the mechanism of control in a P.L.C (Programmable Logic Control).
10. Use of computer for indicating recording and controlling temperature.

164
 Pht-313 QUALITY CONTROL IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

T P C
Theory: 64 2 3 3
Practical: 96

Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to develop understanding in the students about Quality
Control tests performed for different dosage forms in Pharmaceutical Industry, This course will
introduce concepts of Good Storage Practices (GSP) and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)
used in pharmaceutical industry among students.
Course Content:

1. Concepts of Total Quality Management: 16 hours

4.4 Quality Assurance
4.5 Quality Control
4.6 Quality Management
2. Tests for Tablets: 08 hours
2.1 Hardness
2.2 Thickness
2.3 Friability
2.4 Disintegration
2.5 Dissolution
3. Tests for Capsules 08 hours
3.1 Disintegration test
3.2 weight uniformity check
4. Tests for Sterile Products 08 hours
4.1 Leaker test,
4.2 Clarity test,
4.3 LAL test
4.4 Microbiological Environmental Monitoring,
4.5 Media Fills and their Application,
4.6 Contamination of Aqueous based non sterile products, Class A,B,C,D.

5 Tests for Creams and Ointments (08 hours)

5.1 Particle Size determination,
5.2 Weight Variation Test,
5.3 Viscosity measurement).
6 Quality Control for Packaging Materials (04 hours)
7 Quality Control requirements as per Drug Law 1976. (12 hours)

165
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
st
1) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21 Edition, Volume II.

2) Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in Class, Industry and Market by Karamat A Javaid

3) Microbiological Contamination Control in Pharmaceutical Clean Room Edited by

Nigel HALLS, CRC Press.

166
Pht-313 QUALITY CONTROL IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

LIST OF PRACTICALS 96 hours

1. Tests for Tablets

1.1Hardness

1.2 Thickness

1.3 Friability

1.4 Disintegration

1.5 Dissolution

2. Tests for Capsules

2.1 Disintegration test

2.2 Weight uniformity

3. Tests for sterile products

3.1 Leaker test

3.2 Clarity test, LAL test),

4. Tests for creams and ointments

4.1 Particle Size determination

4.2 Weight Variation Test

4.3 Viscosity measurement

167
 Pht-313 QUALITY CONTROL IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Instructional objectives:

1. Introduction:

1.1 Define and differentiate following concepts

a) Total Quality Management,
b) Quality Assurance,
c) Quality Control
1.1 Discuss in detail each principle of total quality management
1.2 Discuss quality tools and techniques and their role in improvement of quality of drugs

2. Tests for Tablets:

Discuss in detail following physical and chemical tests of compressed tablets with working
of equipment, test limits and effect of results on quality of drug

a) Hardness,
b) Thickness,
c) Friability,
d) Disintegration,
e) Dissolution

3. Tests for Capsules:

Discuss in detail following physical tests of capsules with working of equipments, test
limits and effect of results on quality of drug

i. Disintegration test,
ii. weight uniformity

4. Tests for Sterile Products

4.1 Discuss in detail following physical and microbiological tests of sterile products with working
of equipment, test limits and effect of results on quality of drug

a) Leaker test,
b) Clarity test,
c) LAL test,
168
a. Discuss Microbiological Environmental Monitoring of Class A,B,C,D of clean rooms
b. Describe media fills and their Application
c. Discuss contamination of aqueous based non sterile products,

5 Tests for Creams and Ointments

Discuss in detail following physical tests of creams and ointments with working of
equipments, test limits and effect of results on quality of drug

a) Particle Size determination,

b) Weight Variation Test,
c) Viscosity measurement.

6 Quality Control for Packaging Materials

Discuss in detail physical, chemical and microbiological tests of packaging materials used for
packaging of tablets, capsules, injectable, semisolids and solutions with working of
equipment, test limits and effect of results on quality of drugs.

7 Discuss in detail following

a. Clauses of Drug Law 1976 along with new regulations

b. Composition and role of different regulatory bodies notified in drug law in regulation of
GMP requirements and quality of drugs.

169
 Pht-333 GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES

T P C
Theory: 96 3 0 3
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will understand the Good Manufacturing Practices guidelines
adopted in Pharmaceutical industry, Good Storage Practices (GSP) and Good Laboratory
Practices (GLP).

Course Content:
It includes discussion about:-
PART-A
1. QA, QC and GMP relationships (06 hours)
2. Personnel, Organization and Training (06 hours)
3. Premises, Building and Facilities including :- (08 hours)
3.1 Features of Location,
3.2 Site security,
3.3 Structure and finishes,
3.4 Plant services systems and utilities,
3.5 HVAC, Lighting, Water (potable, purified, water for injections),
3.6 Water treatment, Waste disposal.
4. Contamination and Contamination control including :- (06 hours)
3.7 Contamination types and sources
3.8 Control of contamination,
3.9 Cleaning and disinfection.
5. Equipment including:- (06 hours)
5.1 regulatory requirements,
5.2 Cleaning of equipment,
5.3 calibration of equipment,
5.4 Machine maintenance.
6. Materials Control including:- (06 hours)
6.1 starting materials flow charts,
6.2 Quarantine, released and rejected status,
6.3 Packaging materials, sampling techniques.
7. Production and Process Controls including:- (06 hours)
7.1 Batch Manufacturing formula,
7.2 Methods and records.
8 Packaging and Labeling Control including:- (06 hours)
8.1 Packaging operations
8.2 Batch packaging instructions and record.

170
 PART-B
9. Holding and Distribution including:- (08 hours)
9.1 Storage areas,
9.2 returned or recalled products,
9.3 Goods holding, Goods Out,
9.4 Cold chain distribution,
9.5Warehousing.

10. Laboratory Controls including:- (06 hours)

10.1 1SO 17025 requirements,
10.2 Testing and release for distribution,
10.3 Analytical validation, Sterility test.

11. Records and Reports including:- (06 hours)

11.1 general requirements of documentation,
11.2 Computer Systems Validation,
11.3 Batch Processing Records, Batch Manufacturing
11.3 Records, Laboratory Records,
11.5 Document Control and Revisions.

12. Returned and Salvaged Drug Products. (04 hours)

13. GMP and Sterile Manufacturing

including:-13.1 definitions of Sterility,
13.2 methods of Sterilization,
13.3 Heat sterilization, Steam sterilization, Filtration.

14.Validation including :- (08 hours)

14.1 General principles,
14.2 Installation Qualification,
14.3 Operational Qualification,
14.4 Product Qualification, Retrospective Validation,
14.5 Design Qualification,
14.6 Installation Qualification,
14.7 Operational Qualification.

15. Self-Inspection and Quality Audit (06 hours)

Recommended BOOKS
 Good Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Practices – Rationale and Compliance by John
Sharp CRC Press.

171
 Pht-333 GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES

Instructional Objectives

1. To make students understand QA, QC and GMP concepts and their differences and
relationships with each other.
2. To aware students about Personnel, Organization and Training
concepts in pharmaceutical industry.
3. Students can know about Premises, Building and Facilities including features of Location,
Site security, structure and finishes, plant services systems and utilities, HVAC, Lighting,
Water (potable, purified, water for injections), Water treatment, Waste disposal.

4. Students can understand Contamination and Contamination control including

contamination types and sources, control of contamination, cleaning and disinfection.

5. Students can know about Equipment including regulatory requirements, cleaning of

equipment, calibration of equipment, machine maintenance.

6. Students can understand about Materials Control including starting materials flow charts,
Quarantine, released and rejected status, Packaging materials, sampling techniques.

7. Students can understand Production and Process Controls including Batch Manufacturing
formula, methods and records.

8. Students can understand Packaging and Labeling Control including Packaging

operations, batch packaging instructions and record.
9. Students can know about Holding and Distribution including Storage areas, returned or
recalled products, Goods holding, Goods Out, Cold chain distribution, Warehousing.

10. Students can know about Laboratory Controls including 1SO 17025 requirements,
Testing and release for distribution, Analytical validation, Sterility test.

11. Students can know about Records and Reports including general requirements of
documentation, Computer Systems Validation, Batch Processing Records, Batch
Manufacturing Records, Laboratory Records, Document Control and Revisions,
12. Students can know about Returned and Salvaged Drug Products.

172
13. To make students aware about Sterile Manufacturing including definitions of Sterility,
methods of Sterilization, Heat sterilization, Steam sterilization, Filtration, Validation

14. General principles, Installation Qualification, Operational Qualification, Product

Qualification, Retrospective Validation, Design Qualification, Installation Qualification,
Operational Qualification.

15. Students can understand Self-Inspection and Quality Audit concept.

173
 PhT- 334 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY- II

COURSE OBJECTIVES T P C
Theory: 96 3 3 4
Practical: 96
Course Objectives :
This course will not only develop understanding in students about two major routes of
administration, but also train them in manufacturing of five major pharmaceutical dosage forms
administered through these routes. Students will get information regarding their manufacturing
methods, procedures and packaging techniques.
Course Contents: PART-A
1. Capsules: (20 hours)

1.1 Types of capsules (Hard Gelatin Capsules, Soft Gelatin Capsules)

1.1.1 Capsules, Types of Capsules.
1.1.2 Hard gelatin Capsules.
1.1.3 Soft gelatin Capsule
1.2 Sizes of Capsule
1.2.1 “00”
1.2.2 “0
1.2.3 “1”
1.2.4 “2”
1.2.5 “3”
1.3 Capsules manufacturing process flow
1.3.1 Granulation / Mixing
1.3.2 Blistering
1.3.3 Packaging
1.4 Methods and equipment used for preparation of capsules
1.5 Capsule filling, sealing and polishing
1.6 Methods of evaluation of capsules,
1.7 Microencapsulation
1.8 Preventive Maintenance
1.8.1 Introduction to maintenance
1.8.2 Planned maintenance
1.8.3 Lubrication
1.8.4 Maintenance Plans
2. Tablets (20 hours)

2.1 Types of tablets

2.2 Types :-
2.2.1 Compressed .
2.2.2 Film
2.2.3 Enteric coated
174
 2.2.4 Double Layer
2.2.5 Chewable
2.3 Capsules manufacturing process flow
2.3.1 Granulation
2.3.2 Compression
2.3.3 Coating
2.3.4 Blistering
2.3.5 Packaging

2.4 Preparation of powders and physical characters evaluation

2.5 Preparation of granules by dry and wet granulation, physical characteristics evaluation
2.6 Compression of tablets and evaluation of compressed tablets
2.7 Effervescent tablets
2.8 Preventive Maintenance
1.8.1 Introduction to maintenance
1.8.2 Planned maintenance
1.8.3 Lubrication
1.8.4 Maintenance Plans
3. Coating of Tablets (10 hours)

3.1 Types of coated tablets

3.2 Methods of preparation of coated tablets
3.3 Equipment used for coating of tablets
3.4 Evaluation methods of coated tablets
PART-B

4. Parenteral Products (20 hours)

4.1 Parenteral routes of administration
4.2 Types of Injections
4.3 Methods of preparation of injections
4.4 Equipment used for preparation of injections
4.5 Methods of sterilization
4.6 Sterile fluids

5. Surgical Products (06 hours)

Surgical procedure, Wound dressing, Bandages, Cotton Pad
6. Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products (20 hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Pharmaceutical Technology by Gayathri V. Patil and Harpal Singh
2. Modern Pharmaceutical Industry – A Primer by Thomas M Jacobsen and Albert I Werthimer
3. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy by David B Troy and Paul Beringer
4. Pharmaceutical Production Facilities – Design and Applications by Graham C Cole
175
 PhT-333 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY- II

LIST OF PRACTICALS (96 hours)

1. Preparations and mixing of powders

1.1roller mill,
1.2hammer mill,
1.3ball mill, c
1.4entrifugal impact mill,
1.5fluid energy mill,
1.6twin shell blender)
2. Preparation of tablets by dry and wet granulation
2.1twin shell blender,
2.2fluidized bed granulator,
2.3rotary granulator and sifter,
2.4tablet press machine,
2.5fluidized bed dryer and tray dryer,
2.6tablet compression machine,
2.7blister packaging machine
3. Tablet coating
3.1conventional coating pan,
3.2strunck immersed tube coating machine
3.3fluidized bed coating machine
4. Preparation of gelatin capsules
4.1hand operated capsule filler,
4.2semiautomatic capsule filling machine)
5. Preparation, filtration, filling and sterilization of Parenterals.
5.1auger type powder filler,
5.2screen / membrane filters,
5.3filling and sealing machine,
5.4autoclave and dry heat sterilizer

176
Instructional Objectives:

1. Capsules:

1.1 Enlist and differentiate different types of capsules

1.2 Describe different methods and equipments used for preparation of capsules
1.3 Describe processes of capsule filling, sealing and polishing
1.4 What are methods of evaluation of physical characteristics of capsules,
1.5 Explain the Microencapsulation
2. Tablets:

2.1 Enlist and explain different types of tablets

2.2 Define pharmaceutical powders and explain how powders are prepared.
2.3 How tablets are prepared by following methods
f) direct compression,
g) dry granulation
h) wet granulation
2.4 Describe physical characters evaluation of powders and granules.
2.5 Describe tablet compression and blistering in detail.
2.6 Evaluate physical characteristics of compressed tablets
2.7 Demonstrate working of different machines used for granulation, compression and
blistering.
2.8 Describe Effervescent tablets

3. Coating of Tablets

3.1 Enlist and differentiate different types of coated tablets

3.2 Describe methods of preparation of
iii. sugar coated,
iv. film coated,
v. enteric coated
vi. gelatin coated tablets
3.3 Describe working of equipment used for coating of tablets
3.4 Describe methods of evaluation of coated tablets

4. Parenteral Products

4.1 Describe different parenteral routes of administration

4.2 Explain different types of Injections
4.3 Describe methods and equipment used for preparation of injections

177
4.4 Explain in detail following methods of sterilization of parenteral dosage form
a) Steam sterilization
b) Dry heat sterilization
c) Sterilization by filtration
d) Gas sterilization
e) Sterilization by radiation
4.5Describe in detail Sterile fluids

5. Surgical Products

Describe in detail
a) Surgical procedure,
b) Wound dressing,
c) Bandages,
d) Cotton Pad

6. Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products

6.1 Describe components of packaging material

6.2 Explain techniques used for packaging of different pharmaceutical dosage forms
6.3 Describe methods of evaluation of physical characteristics of pharmaceutical packaging

178
CHT. 372 INDUSTRIAL STOICHIOMETERY
T P C
2 0 2
COURSE CONTENTS. HOURS

1. UNITS AND DIMENSIONS 04

1.1 Definition
1.2 Conversion of units in English/metric system
1.3 Calculation based on unit conversion

2. BEHAVIOUR OF GAS 12
2.1 Ideal gas laws
2.2 Boyl's law
2.3 Charles’s law
2.4 Gas equation
2.5 Absolute Temperature
2.6 Absolute Zero
2.7 Absolute temperature scales
2.8 Standard conditions
2.9 Value of gas constant `R' in different systems
2.10 Calculation based on gas equation
2.11 Dalton's law of partial pressure
2.12 Amagats law of partial volume
2.13 Avogadro's number
2.14 Mole fraction and percent
2.15 Pressure fraction and percent
2.16 Mass fraction and percent
2.17 Volume fraction and percent
2.18 Mole percent and percent
2.19 Prove Mole percent = volume percent = pressure percent
2.20 Calculation based on percentage and fractions for gaseous mixtures
2.21 Vander Waal's equation

3. CHEMICAL EQUATION 08
3.1 Limiting reactant
3.2 Excess reactant
3.3 Theoretically required amount of reactant
3.4 Percent excess of reactant
3.5 Degree of completion of reaction
3.6 Percent conversion of reactant
3.7 Percent yield
3.8 Calculation based on chemical equation

4. MATERIAL BALANCE 16
4.1 Law of material balance
4.2 Steps involved in making material balance calculation
4.3 Tie component
179
 4.4 Material balance without chemical change
4.5 Material balance involving chemical change
4.6 Calculation based on simultaneous equation
4.7 Calculation based on combustion problems

5. ENERGY BALANCE 08
5.1 Energy unit
5.2 Law of Energy Balance
5.3 Specific heat at constant volume
5.4 Specific heat at constant pressure
5.5 Latent heat
5.6 Enthalpy

6. THERMO CHEMISTRY 08
6.1 Heat of Reaction
6.2 Heat of Formation
6.3 Heat of Combustion
6.4 Hesis law of Heat Submission

7. THERMODYNAMICS 08
7.1 First law of Thermodynamics
7.2 Heating at constant volume
7.3 Heating at constant pressure

TEXT BOOKS

1. Manual on Stoichiomety (Chemical Technology) Polytechnic Manual pens

2. An Introduction to Chemical Engg. by Charles E. Little John
3. Himmelblau David M. (2003), “Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical
th
Engineering” 7 Ed., Published by Prentice Hall PTR.
4. Hougen Olaf A., Waston Kenneth M. (2004), “Chemical Process Principles”,
John Wiley and Sons & CBS Publishers.
5. B.I.Bhatt, (2004), Stoichiometry”, McGraw Hill

180
CHT -372 INDUSTRIAL STOICHIOMETERY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1 UNIT AND DIMENSION

1.1Understand unit and dimension
1.1.1 Explain unit and dimension
1.1.2 Enumerate the system of units
1.1.3 Define English system, metric system and S.I system
1.1.4 Explain derived units

2 BEHAVIOUR OF GAS
2.1Understand behaviour of gases
2.1.1 Explain facts and observation about gases
2.1.2 Enlist the gas laws
2.1.3 Define ideal gas law
2.1.4 State boyle's law
2.1.5 State Charles’s law
2.1.6 Derive general gas equation
2.1.7 Describe Absolute temperature
2.1.8 Define Absolute Zero
2.1.9 Define Absolute temperature scale
2.1.10 Define the standard conditions of temp pressure(STP or NTP)
2.1.11 Calculate valve of R in different system
2.1.12 Solve problems based on gas equation
2.1.13 Explain dalton's law of partial pressure
2.1.14 Define amagats law
2.1.15 Explain the Application of problems
2.1.16 Describe avogadro's number
2.1.17 Explain mole fraction and percent
2.1.18 Illustrate pressure fraction, mass fraction, volume fraction
2.1.19 Prove mole percent=volume percent=pressure percent
2.1.20 Solve problems of gaseous mixture based on %age and fraction
2.1.21 Derive vander wall's equation
2.1.22 Solve problems based on vanders wall's equation

3 CHEMICAL EQUATION
3.1Understand chemical equation
3.1.1 Define limiting reactant
3.1.2 Define excess reactant
3.1.3 Calculate theoretical required amount of reactant
3.1.4 Calculate excess of reactant
3.1.5 Define degree of competition reaction
3.1.6 Describe percent conversion of reaction
3.1.7 Describe percent field
3.1.8 Solve problems based on chemical equation

181
4 MATERIAL BALANCE
4.1Understand material balance
4.1.1Enlist the steps involved in making material balance calculation
4.1.2 Define the components
4.1.3 Describe material balance with out chemical change
4.1.4 Explain material balance involving chemical change
4.1.5 Solve problems based on simultaneous equation
4.1.6 Solve problems based on combustion process

5 ENERGY BALANCE
5.1Understand energy balance
5.1.1 Define energy unit
5.1.2 State law of energy balance
5.1.3 Explain specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure
5.1.4 Define latent heat
5.1.5 Explain enthalpy

6 THERMO CHEMISTRY
6.1Understand thermo chemistry
6.1.1 Define heat of reaction, heat of formation and heat of combustion
6.1.2 State Hess's law of heat summation
6.1.3 Calculate heat of combustion of gases/ fuels
6.1.4 Calculate heat of reaction applying Hess's law

7 THERMODYNAMICS
7.1Understand thermodynamics
7.1.1 State first law of thermodynamics
7.1.2 Calculate specific heat at constant volume and at constant pressure

182
 Pht –341 Entrepreneurship
Total Contact Hours = 32 Hrs T P C
Theory = 32 Hrs 1 0 1
Course Objective
1- Understanding the concept and elements of small business enterprise.
2- Apply the techniques for generating business ideas as well as for identifying
and assessing business opportunities.
3- Understand the procedures required for establishing an enterprise.
4- Understand the procedures for assessing market and for selecting location for a
small business.
5- Understand the importance of financial record keeping in a small business.
6- Develop business plan and evaluate it in real market situation.
7- Apply the concepts of Chemical / Pharmaceutical Engineering on planning,
designing and layout of related technical projects.

Course Contents

1- Entrepreneurship and Management 4 Hr

1.1 The concept of entrepreneurship

1.2 Entrepreneurial style Vs Managerial style
1.3 Terminology used in entrepreneurship
1.4 Classification of business; difference between social and commercial business
1.5 Reasons for Entrepreneurship; importance in society, self employment, benefits
& limitation, Importance of relations/links
1.6 Entrepreneurial motivation; setting goals and risk assessment.
1.7 Small enterprises; elements, ideas, motivation, resources, business plan etc.
2- Entrepreneurship and innovation 3 Hr
2.1 Creativity and innovation; creativity potential, techniques for developing creative
abilities
2.2 Business ideas; resources of business ideas, collective thinking and creative
thinking,
2.3 Risk involved in innovation
2.4 Identifying and assessing business opportunities
3- Entrepreneurs 5 Hr

3.1 Entrepreneurial characteristics

3.2 Assessment of entrepreneurial potential; assessment of individuals
3.3 Entrepreneurial Leadership: abilities for a successful businessman
3.4 Self discipline; check list for attaining self discipline
183
 3.5 Decision making skills; steps for decision making, rating of decision making
skills
3.6 Principles of negotiation; resolving business issues through negotiation

4- Establishment of An Enterprise 8 Hr

4.1 Market; Five ‘W’ of market, competitors, assessment of market size & demand
4.2 Business location; importance, selection of site
4.3 Legal forms of business; Proprietorship, Partnership, limited company,
Cooperative, advantages &disadvantages
4.4 Costing of product; direct and indirect cost
4.5 Break even analysis: fixed and variable costs, calculating break even indicates &
applications
4.6 Finance & sources of financing; equity financing & loan financing, initial
capital & working capital estimation

5- Management of an Enterprise 8 Hr

5.1 Hiring and managing people; hiring procedures, term & condition of services
and Job description etc.
5.2 Managing sales & supplies; characteristics of successful sales personals,
importance of advertisement, life cycle of product, selection of supplies,
work order, delivery & payment etc.
5.3 Management of capital; operating cycle concept, management of cash & stock etc.
5.4 Accounting and book keeping: cash book, balance sheet etc.
5.5 Income tax; income tax returns, computation of business income
5.6 Sales tax; basic scheme of sale tax, assessment of return etc

6- Business Plan 4 Hr

6.1 Purpose of business plan

6.2 Components of business plan; outline, process of writing business plan
6.3 Analysis of business plan: feasibility; breakeven point, evaluating problem
in starting business
6.4 Standard business plan

184
 DAE Chemical Technology with Sp. in Pharmaceutical
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND MACHINARY FOR 50 STUDENTS
Sr Approved Unit
ITEMS Amount Lab
# Qty Rate
Jaw Crusher: Equiped with 3 phase 50 to 220
volt, V.Belt Drive with 3 to 3.5 jaw opening,
500 RPM speed capacity50-150 lb/hr.bench Chemical
1 space 14.5x21 to reduce rock lamps from 2.5 1 65000 65000 Engineering Lab
dia to pass on 10 mesh or finer sieve jaws made
of manganese steel corrugated faces

Pulverizer: Bronz casting steel rotor 220 volt,

3 phase, 50N, I HP Motor 2600 RPM with
2 V.Belt drive at guards 1.00 ammeter Extra 1 103000 103000 Chemical
retaining screen with fabric bags for oulet Engineering Lab
mounted on legs 2 casters for easy movement.
Centrifugal pump: with 1/2 HP motor single
3 phase capacity 250gal/min, 30 feet Head, 220 1 90000 180000 Chemical
Engineering Lab
volt in casting.
Sample Grinder:Open door dise type with
locking, hand wheel to regulate product size
with bearings, cast iron traction with stud disc Chemical
4 0" with 6" dia disc capacity 200Ib/hr at 20mesh 2 35000 35000 Engineering Lab
with 2 HP motor, 220 Volt 50 N mounted on a
common mounting base.

Ball mill(Lab size): with welded stud base

extra thick shell with integral cast lifter bars.
5 Capacity: 150Ib/hr complete with 250 Ibs of 1 56000 56000 Chemical
stud balls, with 1.5 / 2 HP 3 phase motor 550 Engineering Lab
volts 50N operation.
Jar mill: complete with Trojan porcelain jar,
fitting and pebbles furnished with 1/4 HP, single Chemical
6 phase 220 v motor with covered and chain drive 1 40000 40000 Engineering Lab
mounted on unit base.

Sieve Shaker:Height 32" width 34" depth 17"

weight in cladding 0.25 HP motor and time Chemical
7 switch Capacity: 290Ib for 115 vac. 60HZ 1 55000 55000 Engineering Lab
speed 1750 RPM with sieve set.

185
 REACTION UNIT Model. Re/fv(manual
version)
TECHNICAL SPECIAFICATION
- Zinc-plated and painted carbon-steel structure.
- dimension: 1300x6000x1600mm
- shell and -tube exchanger with A/S.-304
stainless steel tubes and borosilicate glass shell,
exchange surface of 0.6(m)2
- spiral place exchanger, made of A/S.-316
stainless steel exchange surface of 0.6 (m)2
- A/S/ - 304 stainless steel connection lines
and valves.
- Magnetic induction electronic indicator. cold
130000 130000
water flow meter, 0-10,00 I/hr scale.
- 4 double thermo-resistances, pt 100
- 4 electronic temperature indicator
UTILITIES.
- Cold water consumption 1000L/hr max
8 - Hot water consumption = 1000L/hr max 1 Chemical
- T= 95c Engineering Lab
- power supply : single-phase
220v 50hz+ground P=0.5 kw max
- Compressed air consumption 5(m)3/hr
p=1.4 bar

UTILITIES.- Cold water consumption

1000L/hr max- Hot water consumption =
1000L/hr max- T= 95c- power supply : single-
phase 220v 50hz+ground P=0.5 kw max -
Compressed air consumption 5(m)3/hr p=1.4
bar 0

Pen sky-martens Flash point tester (semi-

automatic type)Semi-automatic type Acc. To
9 ASTMD-93 for flash point determinations from 2 130000 260000Analytical lab
65 to + 370 c equipped with all accessories

186
 Redwood viscometer: Equipped with electric
heater complete with 2 thermometer and one
10 measuring flask 50ml with base 220v. The 1 65000 65000 Analytical lab
electric heater can effectively be controlled by
means of a triac-heat out put regulator.
Aniline point tester: operating on thin film
11 method ASTM D 611, method and - Din 51787 2 175000 350000 Analytical lab
With all accessories.
Cloud and pour point tester: operating to Din
51597-ASTM D-97 manual tester for test
consisting of stainless steel bath cover made of
12 pvc with in served air jacket colling coil for 4 96000 384000 Analytical lab
connection to a thermostat controlled cooler
hand stirrer, 1 test jar, 2 thermometer.

Portable mixer: with direct drive 4 inch

diameter Stainless steel propellers. 1/4 HP
13 1 9000 9000 Chemical Engg
single phgase 50 cycles. 220 v motor mounted
on metalic stand.
Mixing Tank: Capacity 10 gallons stainless steel
dull polished inside, Desalted ouside slopping
14 bottom of out let connection reinforced top rim, 1 15000 15000 Chemical Engg
steel legs. Complete with stainless steel cover.
Outlet valve casters and mixer frame.

PH-meter (Digital): PH 0-14, mv 12000,

Temperature 20 to 150C, Resolution 0.01/ 1
15 mv/0.1c Temperature compensation, manual 2 60000 120000 Analytical lab
and automatic (Bench Type)
PH-meter (Checker) Portable: Range 0.00 -
16 14.00 PH, pocket type small (Bench type) 4 18000 72000 Analytical lab

Melting Point Apparatus: Digital,

17 temperature range 0-150C Approx, rapid 4 35000 140000 Analytical lab
heating Apparatus working on 220 v
Water Deminerilizer: Equipped with different
18 cell showing % sodium chloride, water in put/ 2 25000 50000 I.C.P
Out put flow rate 501it/hr, power 220-240v
Viscosity Bath (0-40C): Sample holding
capacity 4-6 Nos, thermostatic control stainless
19 steel and glass frame for oil bath auto stirring, 2 30000 60000 Analytical lab
Operating voltage 220v

187
 Visocosity Bath (100C): Adjustment of set point
temperature, sample holding capacity 4-6 Nos, with
20 timer and stirring facility, power 220v stainless 2 45000 90000 Analytical lab
steel glass body for oil contact

Abbe's Refractrometer: Precision English

type, range ND = 1.300-1.700
21 Minimum unit scale ND 0.0005 sugar 2 230000 460000 Analytical lab
concentration 0-955 min. unit scale for sugar
concentration 0.25 thermostat 0-70C
Electronic Balance: Digital, Top loading,
22 capacity 300gms, sensitivity 0.01 gms for 220v, 4 50000 200000 For All Lab
weight modes Gm, once, lbs and kg.
Plate and frame filter press:Plate size 2 inch
* 12 inch, frame 12*12inch, No. of plate = 13
23 No. of frame = 12 2 30000 60000 Chemical Engg
complete with plunger pump and drive motor 1
HP single phase 220v
Hand die threading set: :Universal quick
24 opening die head, with drop head threader size: 2 12000 24000 Basic chemical
Engg.
1/8 inch to 1.25 inches.
Spectrophotometer :Digital, filter 42-87 nm (7
25 Nos) With sample holder, electric supply 2 165000 330000 Analytical lab
220.240 v, photo meter read out A and % T
Rectifier:To convert AC to DC Ac in put 220v
27 Dc voltage up to 12v ampere up to 500 2 37000 74000 Analytical lab

Nephlo meter (digital portable):Both for

coarse and homogeneous solutions. Power
29 1 85000 85000 Analytical lab
supply 220v Wave length 42-87 nm, Latest
Model
Magnetic stirrers with hot plate: Electric, speed
30 regulation of 150-2000 rpm, Selectable reversible 6 25000 150000 For All Lab
stirring motion.
Uv-v/s Spectrophotometer:With operational and
maintenance manual Wave length accuracy +/-1nm
Wave length calibration internal automatic
Wave length repeatability 0.1nm
Wave length resolution 0.1nm spectral band width:
31 5nm max 1 300000 300000 Analytical lab
Source lamp selection, Automatic changeover
external out put:Rs.232 serial or parallel
photometric range -3.0 to 3.0 ABS

188
 Diesel index determination Apparatus:
32 According to A D IN / ASTM STANDARD 1 75000 75000 I.C.P

Reynold's Demonstration Unit with

hydraulic Bench:To observe laminar,
33 transitional and turbulent pipe flow Reynolds 1 610000 610000 Chemical Engg
experiment pipe dia 8-10mm Dy-reservoir,
Capacity: 0.45-0.50 lit
Electric Drill Machine:Aluminum body type,
34 with complete bit set Size: 1.5mm - 12.5mm 2 8000 16000 Basic chemical
Engg.
220v, 50-single phase
Tray Dryer (complete with all
accessories)small scale drying unit used for
dew on striation of drying rfate. Heat and mass
transfer drying test on solids. Capacity 2-3 kg
of solid
-2 drying compartment
35 0.25 - 0.3 mx 1 300000 300000 Chemical Engg
0.25 - 0.3 x
0.35 - 0.4 m
consisting of digital balance, are mom meter,
aerated psychomotor.

First aid kit: Equipped With all standards Gernal Chemical

36 accessories and Medicines 4 5000 20000 Lab
Glass electrodes:Can fitted with PH Meter and
37 titrimeter 6 9000 54000 Analytical lab

Calmel electrodes:Can fitted with PH Meter

38 and titrameter 6 9000 54000 Analytical lab

39 Paltinum Electrodes: For conductivity bridge 6 10000 60000 Analytical lab

Water distillation unit organic/physica
40 2 120000
60,000 l
Water purifier organic/physica
41 4 128000
32,000 l
Platinum wire(sealed in glass rod,used for organic/physica
42 24 120000
flame test 1-1.5 cm in length) 5,000 l
Tintometer
43 1 375000 I.C.P
375,000
organic/physica
44 Hot plate 4 180032
45,008 l
Oven organic/physica
45 3 372300
124,100 l
Muffle furnace organic/physica
46 2 157760
78,880 l
189
 Moisture tester Chemical
47 2 300000
150,000 Eegineering lab
Water softener (mixed bed type)
48 1 135000 I.C.P
135,000
Electronic aqua analyzer
49 1 260000 I.C.P
260,000
Cation type
50 1 115000 I.C.P
115,000
Anion type
51 1 115000 I.C.P
115,000
Vitamin tester (digital)
52 1 160000 I.C.P
160,000
Double jacketed soap pan
53 1 80000 I.C.P
80,000
Bladder
54 1 25000 I.C.P
25,000
Cake cutter
55 1 10000 I.C.P
10,000
organic/physi
56 Natural Gas Burner 50
cal
Protein tester
57 1 750000 I.C.P
750,000
Soxhlet apparatus organic/physica
58 1 32480
32,480 l
West paul balance organic/phys
59 1 25000
25,000 ical
Density meter organic/phys
60 1 10000
10,000 ical
Saybolt viscometer organic/phys
61 2 60400
30,200 ical
Ostwald's viscometer organic/physica
62 24 36000
1,500 l
Staglometer organic/physica
63 4 18000
4,500 l
Dobosque Clorimeter
64 2 600000 Analytical lab
300,000
Spectronics-21 with accessories
65 2 140000 Analytical lab
70,000
Flame Photometer
66 1 375000 Analytical lab
375,000
Polari meter
67 1 375000 Analytical lab
375,000
Conductivity Bridge with Accessories
68 2 54000 Analytical lab
27,000
Technical Orsat Apratus for the analysis of flue
69 2 100000 Analytical lab
gases 50,000
190
 Electrician Tool Kit
70 2 20000 Analytical lab
10,000
Aluminium Ladder 8 feet
71 2 10000 Analytical lab
5,000
73 Air Conditioner Unit 2 25000 50000 Analytical lab
Hydraulic bench Equipped with all accessories
for Oriface discharge, energy losses in pipe & Chemical
74 fittings, Venturi Discharge, orifice meter, pitot 1 600000 Engineering
600,000 Lab
tube ARME fileld, UK
Multiple pump test Rig with Accessories Chemical
75 1 360000 Engineering
360,000 Lab
Flaring tool set Basic chemical
Engg. &
77 1 3500
3,500 Technology
Practice Lab
Gate Valve 2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
78 4 10000
2,500 Technology
Practice Lab
Globe Valve 2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
79 4 10000
2,500 Technology
Practice Lab
Check Valve 2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
80 4 10000
2,500 Technology
Practice Lab
Safety Valve 2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
81 4 20000
5,000 Technology
Practice Lab
Butter fly Valve 2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
82 4 10000
2,500 Technology
Practice Lab
Plug cook Valve 3/4 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
83 4 10000
2,500 Technology
Practice Lab
Expansion steam trap 1/2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
84 4 20000
5,000 Technology
Practice Lab
Bucket steam trap 1/2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
85 4 20000
5,000 Technology
Practice Lab
Impulse steam trap 1/2 inch Basic chemical
Engg. &
86 4 40000
10,000 Technology
Practice Lab
191
 Work bench Basic chemical
Engg. &
87 10 100000
10,000 Technology
Practice Lab
G.I Pipe sizes 1 Inch, 2 Inch Basic chemical
30 Feet Engg. &
88 2250
Each Technology
Practice Lab
Plateform Balance 5,000 5000 Basic chemical
Engg. &
89 Digital Display capcity 30 kg accuracy 10-15 gm. 1 Technology
Koria/Taiwan Practice Lab

90 2 10000
Pipe cutter (circular blade) Size 3" dia, China 5,000
Pipe Fittings
Union 3/4 inch 12 70 840
Tee 3/4 inch 12 60 720
Elbow 3/4 inch 12 50 600
Reducing Elbow 3/4 inch 12 70 840
Nipple 3/4 inch 12 50 600
Socket 3/4 inch 12 40 480
Stop Cock 3/4 inch 12 180 2160
Bend 3/4 inch 12 50 600 Basic chemical
Engg. &
91 Stopper 3/4 inch 12 30 360 Technology
Union 1 Inch 12 120 1440 Practice Lab
Tee 1 Inch 12 80 960
Elbow 1 Inch 12 60 720
Reducing Elbow 1 Inch 12 70 840
Nipple 1 Inch 12 60 720
Socket 1 Inch 12 50 600
Stop Cock 1 Inch 12 220 2640
Bend 1 Inch 12 65 780
Stopper 1 Inch 12 40 480
Pipe wrench
Bosi, Japan with following sizes 600
92 6" 2 300
12" 6 500 3000
18" 6 800 4800

93 Screw driver, Germany 6 180 1080

07 pcs. Set chrome vanadium with steel headed top.

94 3
Screw Wrench 200 600
192
 Alloy steel, Bosi Japan 350 1050
Size 6", 10", 12", 15" 500 1500
(4 Pcs) set. 700 2100
Straight peen Hammer
500
95 Pak made weight 500 gm with wooden handle 2 250
Pak made weight 250 gm with wooden handle 2 150 300
96 Plier (3 piece set), Japan 6 900 5400

8" Combination
8" Cutter
6" Long nose
Socket Set
97 2 2500 5000
UK/Japan 5-10 mm size
Centrifuge machine
98 4 12000 48000
Power driven speed 3000 rpm 06 tubes with cover
Water distillation unit (still) capacity 5 lit/hr
Electric |Heater emersion rod 2000 watt, steel body,
99 water container with sight glass koria/china with 3 15000 45000
collecting Jug 1 lit capacity (China)
Micro Scope
101 Complete with all accessories as Model No. Switt- 2 16000 32000
M-7000 D or equivalent
Vacum Pump
102 1 15000 15000
Rocker-300, Rocker
Conductivity/TDS meter
103 1 13000 13000
Model WAG 9032 WAGTECH/UK or equivalent

193
 DAE CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
List of Apparatus/Glass ware for General Chemistry/Organic Chemistry/
Physical Chemistry Labs/Analytical Labs/Process \Lab for 50 Students
Note: The Glass ware for all of these Labs amounts to a
total of Rs. 300,000
Sr.
No. Items
Without
thermomet
er Length
25 cm,
graduated
Brix Hydrometer in 0.5 Brix
1 0----30 Bx
Range
30---60 Bx
Range
60----90 Bx
Range
With
thermomet
er Length
25 cm
graduated
Brix Hydrometer in 0.1 Bx
0----10 Bx
Range
10---20 Bx
Range
20----30 Bx
Range
2
30----40 Bx
Range
40---50 Bx
Range
50----60 Bx
Range
60---70 Bx
Range
70---80 Bx
Range
80----90 Bx
Range

194
 90---100
Bx Range
Glass
capacity
3
500 ml
Measuring Cylinder I.D -- 5cm
4 Hydrometer Jar 30 x 5 cm
0----10 Be
Hydrometer (Be) range Range
10---20 Be
Range
5
20----30 Be
Range
30----40 Be
Range
Glass boro
Measuring Cylinder with spout silicate
25 ml
50 ml
6
100 ml
250 ml
500 ml
1000 ml
Glass boro
7
Measuring Cylinder silicate
50 ml (in
half
8
divisions)
(stoppered) German Standard Capacity
Glass boro
silicate
capacity
9 Vaccum flask 1000 ml
complete
with filter
assembly
Glass boro
Measuring Flask silicate
50 ml
10 100 ml
250 ml
500 ml
1000 ml
Glass
11
Kohlrauch flask for polarisatoin Capacity

195
 100 ml
200 ml
Spiral type
glass
condenser
boro
12 Water condenser silicate
Glass
pyrex
brand
Elenmeyer's conical flask capacity
13
50 ml
100 ml
250 ml
500 ml
Glass
German
Brand
14
Distillation flask with side tube Capacity
100 ml
500 ml
Glass
pyrex
brand
15 Boiling Round bottom flask with lipped neck capacity
500 ml
1000 ml
2000 ml
Glass
German
Brand
16 Evaporating basin flat bottom with spout Capacity
45 ml
300 ml
600 ml
Jena/Pyrex
Glass
Beaker with spout Capacity
17 50 ml
250 ml
600 ml
1000 ml
China
18 Funnel with stem Glass
5 cm dia

196
 10 cm dia
15 cm dia
20 cm dia
Desiccator schiehler's with perforated dise Glass Size:
19 15 cm dia
20 cm dia
Rota flow
tm, wertlab
germany
Capacity:
20 Burette with stop cock 50 ml
Werlab
Garmany
21 Auto fill Burette 50 ml
22 Buritte Mehr's with rubber tube het and pinch Glass 50
cock ml
23 Standard
Burette stand equipped withdouble clamp, brass Size
German
brand,
Pipette with one mark Glass
24
5 ml
10 ml
20 ml
German
25 brand,
Pipette graduated in 1/10 ml---1ml Germany Glass
Metallic
26 base
Pipette stand for holding 8-12 pipettes (Special)
Thermometers graduated stem (china) Hg-filled
100 c
27 220 c
212 F
400 F
28 Thermometers graduated in 1C 100 C
Iron std.
29
Crucible tongs with bow size
30 Retort rings with brass screw Metallic
Wrough
31 Iron coated
Tripod stand in ZnO
Reagent bottles narrow mouth flat glass Glass
stoppered (White)
32
250 ml
500 ml
197
 1000 ml
Amber
Reagent bottles narrow mouth flat glass Colour
33 stoppered Glass
125 ml
250 ml
34 Droping bottle (China) Glass
10 cmx2
Test tube-ordinary (England) cm
35
15 cmx2.5
cm
metallic
36
Test tube holder with wooden handle strip type
For holding
37 08 tubes
Test tube stand approx.
Long size
38
Buritte Brushes std
39 Test tube burshes Std Size
Magnifying glass fitted in steel case 5 cm dia
40
10 cm dia
Berlin
Crucible porcelain with lid porcelain
41
50 ml
100 ml
Porcelain
42 capacity 25
Gooch crucible complete with asbestos ml
43 Capacity
Fireclay crueible with lid 200-250ml
Lab grade
0.1 mm
thickness
and 5 cm
44 length,
attach to
screw
clamp for
Platinium wire lab test
Royal
Berline
Porealain basin round bottom with spout porcelain
45
6 cm dia
10 cm dia
15 cm dia
46 Silica crucible Suitable for ash incineration with Transparen
lid (England) t
198
 Capacity
47 Alluniium mugs with handle 500 ml
1000 ml
Plastic
Bucket with cover capacity
48
5 Lit.
10 Lit.
Glass
container
49
capacity
Sprit lamp complete with wick holder 120 ml
50 Liabig's condenser glass body (China) 40 cm
40 x 25
Weighing bottles with stopper mm
51
60 x 39
mm
Watch glass 45 mm
52 75 mm
100 mm
53 Wire gauge iron with asbestor center 15 cm sq.
0.5 cm
54 thick, 15
Asbestos mill board cm sq.
55 Pinch cock clip 6 cm long
06 piece
56
Cork borer nickled brass with handle for each set
Wheal
pattern
57
metallic.
Cork presser Std. Size
No. 40 Std.
Filter Paper (wattman) 10 cm dia
58 No. 42 Std.
10 cm dia
(Packet of
100 Pieces)
Porcelain
59 Mortal & Pestle 10 cm dia
15 cm dia
Glass 4 cm
60 Petri dish dia
15 cm dia
Steel 15
61
Spatula cm long
15 cm x 15
62
Ceramic tile glazed on one side cm
199
 Capacity
63
Wash bottles with ground stopper 500 ml
6 mm dia,
weight in
Glass rods pound
8 mm dia,
weight in
pound
10 mm dia,
64 weight in
pound
12 mm dia,
weight in
pound
18 mm dia,
weight in
pound
Bore Size:
Glass tubes
8 mm,
weight in
pound
10 mm,
weight in
pound
12 mm,
weight in
65
pound
14 mm,
weight in
pound
16 mm,
weight in
pound
18 mm,
weight in
pound
50 Ft
length for
each bore
Rubber tubing size
66 7.5 mm
10 mm
12 mm
15 mm
67 Rubber Cork Top dia 16

200
 mm to 40
mm bottom
dia 12 mm
Different sizes to 34 mm
Capacity 2
68 Lit.
Aspirator bottles without stopper and stop cock (China)
69 Glass pencil Std. Size
Pair of scissors 4" Size
70
6" Size
Copper, 20
71
Water bath with rings of assorted sizes cm dia
ASTM
72
Ostwald viscometer Standard
ASTM
Standard
(pack of
73
20)
demand in
PH paper Strip packets
Pyrex
Filter flask brand glass
74 250 ml
500 ml
1000 ml
Wooden,
std Size
75
Glass
Funnel stand for two funnels Capacity
Capcity:
Separating funnel with stop cock (Germany) 100 ml
76
250 ml
500 ml
77 Glass prism for practicla purpose China
China Size:
10cm x
78 7cm x 1cm
(Standard
Glass slab Size)
5 cm x 15
79
Glass miror strips for practical cm
80 1 Kg pack
Fiber Glass wool for insulation (Packet)
81 Asbestos powder 10 Kg pack
3mm thick
82
Cork Sheet 3" x 6"

201
 Pak made
04" dia,
made of
drop forged
83
steel jaws
borders
hinged
Pipe vice body

Grand Total of Glassware & above Labs. =

12,259,032

List of CHEMICALS

Qty
Sr.
Chemicals Make Requi Unit Price
No.
red
1 Acetic Acid Germany/E 15 800/Lit
ngland Litre
2 Acetone China/Ger 2.5 Litr 900/2.6 Lit
many
3 Ammonium Acetate China/Ger 1 Kg 1300/kg
many
4 Ammonium Chloride China/Ger 4 Kg 350/kg
many
5 Ammonium Oxalate China/Ger 1 Kg 1700/kg
many
6 Ammonia Liquid. China/Ger 10 Litr 550/2.5 Lit
many
7 Ammonium Sulphate China/Ger 1 Kg 800/kg
many
8 Ammonium Phosphate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1300/kg
many
9 Ammonium Sulphociyanite China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1400/kg
many

202
10 Ammonium Molybedate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 500/kg
many
11 Ammonium Hydroxide China/Ger 2.5 Litr 900/2.5 Lit
many
12 Ammonium Tri-Chloride China/Ger 1/2 Kg 3000/kg
many
13 Ammonium Nitrate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 400/kg
many
14 Acetyle Chloride China/Ger 1/2 litr 3200/lit
many
15 Alumina China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1500/kg
many
16 Bismith Carbonate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1800/kg
many
17 Bismith Nitrate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1600/Kg
many
18 Barium Carbonate China/Ger 1 Litr 700/kg
many
19 Bromine Liquid China/Ger 1Litre 500/Lit
many
20 Benzoic Acid China/Ger 1 Kg 700/kg
many
21 Barium chloride China/Ger 2.5 Litr 800/Lit
many
22 Benzene China/Ger 5 Litr 1400/2.5 Lit
many
23 Calcium carbonate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1600/kg
many
24 Calcium chloride China/Ger 2.5 Litr 200/Lit
many
25 Calcium Acetate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 700/kg
many
26 Calcium sulphate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 250/kg
many
27 Calcium Carbide Pak 2 Kg 500/kg
28 Copper Carbonate China/Ger 1 Kg 2200/kg
many
29 Copper Acetate Pak 1 Kg 1850/kg
30 Copper Chloride Pak 1 Kg 200/kg
31 Chromium Nitrate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1200/kg
many
32 Chromium Chloride China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1900/kg
many
33 Chromium Carbonate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1200/kg
many
34 Copper Sulphate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 250/kg
many
35 Cobalt Sulphate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 2000/kg
many
203
36 Cobalt Nitrate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 2200/kg
many
37 Cobalt Chloride China/Ger 1/2 kg 2150/kg
many
38 Di-amonium Hydrogen Phosphate China/Ger 1 Litr 1900/kg
many
39 Di-methyl Aniline China/Ger 1 Litr 3600/2.5 lit
many
40 Di-Phenyl Amine China/Ger 1 Litr 1700/lit
many
41 Distilled water China/Ger 25 Litr 100/Lit
many
42 Ethanol China/Ger 10 Litr 750/Lit
many
43 Ethyl Chloride China/Ger 1/2 litr 2000/2.5 Lit
many
44 Erichrom Black T China/Ger 2 Kg 600/kg
many
45 EDTA China/Ger 1 Kg 700/kg
many
46 Ferrious Sulphate Pak 1 Kg 250/kg
47 Ferric Chloride China/Ger 2.5 Litr 500/Lit
many
48 Glycerin Pak 30 Litr 200/Lit
49 Hexane China/Ger 2.5 Litr 600/2.5 Lit
many
50 Hydrochloric Acid Pak 5 Litr 800/Lit
51 Hydrogen Per-Oxide Pak 2.5 Litr 1200/Lit
52 Hydroxyl Amine China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1500/100mg
many
53 Iodine China/Ger 500 gm 1500/500gm
many
54 Iron Chloride China/Ger 1 Kg 600/kg
many
55 Iron Sulfate China/Ger 1 Kg 500/kg
many
56 Iron Powder (Fillings) Pak 1 Kg 200/kg
57 Iso-Propyl Alcohol China/Ger 1 Litr 700/2.5 Lit
many
58 Lead Acetate Pak 500 gm 750/kg
59 Lead Nitrate Pak 500 gm 1000/kg
60 Manganese Sulfate China/Ger 1 Kg 750/kg
many
61 Magnesium Chloride China/Ger 1 Kg 1000/kg
many
62 Magnesium Carbonate China/Ger 1 Kg 1000/kg
many

204
63 Mercuric Nitrate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 800/100gm
many
64 Mercurious Nitrate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 800/100gm
many
65 Mercuric Sulphate China/Ger 1/2 Kg 800/100gm
many
66 Methyl Orange China/Ger 250 gm 300/25gm
many
67 Methyl Red China/Ger 250 gm 300/25gm
many
68 Magnesium Metal (Ribbon) China/Ger 250 gm 800/25gm
many
69 Magnese Chloride China/Ger 1 Kg 1000/kg
many
70 Magnese Carbonate China/Ger 1 Kg 750/kg
many
71 Mohr's Salt China/Ger 1 Kg 750/kg
many
72 Methyl Iso-butyl Ketone China/Ger 1 Litr 2000/Lit
many
73 Naphthalene Pak 1 Kg 300/25gm
74 Nitric acid China/Ger 5 Litr 750/2.5 Lit
many
75 Nitrobenzene China/Ger 2 Litr 1000/2 Lit
many
76 Nickel Chloride Pak 500 gm 700/Kg
77 Nickel Carbonate China/Ger 500 gm 500/500gm
many
78 Nessler's Reagent China/Ger 250 gm 800/25Lit
many
79 Oxalic acid China/Ger 1 Kg 500/kg
many
80 Paraffin Wax China/Ger 1 Kg 250/kg
many
81 Phenolphthalein Dry China/Ger 250 gm 750/250gm
many
82 Potassium Chromate China/Ger 1 Kg 600/kg
many
83 Potassium Iodide China/Ger 1 Kg 2500/kg
many
84 Potassium Hydroxide U.K 1/2 Kg 3500/500gm
85 Potassium Nitrate China/Ger 1 Kg 700/kg
many
86 Potassium Di-Chromate China/Ger 1 Kg 750/kg
many
87 Potassium Ferocyanide China/Ger 1/2 Kg 750/kg
many
88 Potassium Ferricyanide China/Ger 1/2 Kg 750/kg
many
205
89 Potassium Sulfo Cyanide China/Ger 1/2 Kg 1500/kg
many
90 Potassium Permegnate China/Ger 1 Kg 500/kg
many
91 Potassium Fluride China/Ger 1 Kg 4000/kg
many
92 Picric Acid China/Ger 500 gm 4000/kg
many
93 Phosphorus Tri-Chloride China/Ger 500 ml 6000/500gm
many
94 Silver Nitrate Pak 1/2 Kg 400/250gm
95 Sodium Acetate China/Ger 2 Kg 500/kg
many
96 Sodium Carbonate China/Ger 2 Kg 400/kg
many
97 Sodium Chloride China/Ger 1 Kg 200/kg
many
98 Sodium Hydroxide China/Ger 2 Kg 500/kg
many
99 Sodium Thiosulphate China/Ger 2 Kg 400/kg
many
100 Sulphuric acid Pak 5 Litr 1400/2.5Lit
101 Sodium Bicarbonate China/Ger 2 Kg 400/kg
many
102 Sodium Sulphite China/Ger 1 Kg 400/kg
many
103 Sodium Sulphide China/Ger 1 Kg 400/kg
many
104 Sodium Nitrite China/Ger 1 Kg 1000/kg
many
105 Sodium Nitrate China/Ger 1 Kg 300/kg
many
106 Sodium Bromide China/Ger 1 Kg 750/kg
many
107 Sodium Oxalate China/Ger 1 Kg 600/kg
many
108 Sodium Sulphate China/Ger 1 Kg 3000/kg
many
109 Sodium Phosphate China/Ger 1 Kg 500/kg
many
110 Sodium Metal China/Ger 500 gm 3000/kg
many
111 Sodium Citerate China/Ger 500 gm 750/kg
many
112 Sodium Potassium Tartarate China/Ger 500 gm 800/kg
many
113 Sodium Cobalt Nitrite China/Ger 250 gm 750/100gm
many

206
 114 Sodium Di-Chromate China/Ger 500 gm 600/kg
many
115 Stannous Chloride China/Ger 500 gm 1000/500gm
many
116 Sodium Nitro Ferro Cyanide China/Ger 250 gm 1000/500gm
many
117 Starch Pak 1 Kg 75/kg
118 Tin granulated Metal Pak 500 gm 750/250gm
119 Tartaric Acid Pak 500 gm 750/kg
120 Zinc Carbonate China/Ger 500 gm 1200/kg
many
121 Zinc Nitrate China/Ger 500 gm 2500/kg
many
122 Zinc Acetate China/Ger 500 gm 2500/ kg
many

Pharmaceutical Lab.

Sr Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost

.# (No.) (Rs.) (Rs.)
Subject : Pht.113
1. BUCHNER FILLER 01
.
2. AGITATORS 01
3. MIXERS 01
4. COLLOIDAL MILLS 01
5. HOMOGENIZER 01
6. HAMMER MILLS 01
7. BALL MILLS 01
8. Roller mills 01
9. HOBART MIXER 01
10. ROTATING MIXER 01
11. LAMINAR FLOW HOOD 01
12. COMPRESSION MOLDING 10
13. COLD COMPRESSION MACHINE 01
14. AUTOMATIC MOLDING MACHINE 01
Subject : PHT.313
15 HARDNESS TESTER 10
16. VERNIER CALIPERS 10
17. FRIABILATOR 01
18. USP DISINTEGRATION TEST APPARATUS 01
19. USP DISSOLUTION TEST APPARATUS 01
20. B.P. DISINTEGRATION TEST APPARATUS FOR 01
CAPSULES

21. WEIGHING BALANCE 02

207
22. LAL TEST APPARATUS 01
23. MICROSCOPE 02
24. BROOK’S VISCOMETER 02
Subject : PHT-333

25. ROLLER MILL 01

26. HAMMER MILL 01

27. BALL MILL 01
28. CENTRIFUGAL IMPACT MILL 01

29. FLUID ENERGY MILL 01

30. TWIN SHELL BLENDER 01
31. FLUIDIZED BED GRANULATOR 01
32 ROTARY GRANULATOR AND SIFTER 01
33 TABLET PRESS MACHINE 02
34 FLUIDIZED BED DRYER AND TRAY DRYER 01
35 TABLET COMPRESSION MACHINE 01
36 BLISTER PACKAGING MACHINE 01
37 CONVENTIONAL COATING PANS 02
38 STRUNCK IMMERSED TUBE COATING 01
MACHINE
39 FLUIDIZED BED COATING MACHINE 01
40 HAND OPERATED CAPSULE FILLER 02
41 SEMIAUTOMATIC CAPSULE FILLING MACHINE 01
42 PARENTERAL FILLING AND SEALING 01
MACHINE
43 AUTOCLAVE 01
44 DRY HEAT STERILIZER 01
45 FILTRATION ASSEMBLY 01
TOTAL Rs.

208
 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Abdullah Khan Durrani,

Convener
Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University
of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore.

Engr. Shabbir Hussain,

Member
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, UET,
G.T Road, Lahore.

Mr. Usman Awan,

Member
Assistant Professor,
Institute of Quality & Technology Management,
University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore.

Engr. Shoaib Hakeem,

Member
Plant Director,
Servier Research Pharmaceutical,
9-km, Sheikhupura Road, Lahore.

Engr. Shahid Masood, Member

Maintenance Engineer,
Schazoo Lab Industries, Kalal Wala,
20-km, Jaranwala Road, Lahore.

209