University of Kufa –College of
Engineering Electronic and Communication
Engineering Department
Design and simulation of Class-E Power Amplifier for
wireless communication
Presented by
Tuqa Ali & Dhay Muhamad
Bachelor's ECE
Literature Review
the authors proposed [1], by using The Quality scale of inductors is using
equivalent resistors and collect it in to time-domain equations at the outset ,
streamlined model tech is introduced on Ron-Cout shapes of the transistor
versus its width, obtained by Harmonic Balance (HB) simulation, A
streamlined model tech is introduced based on Ron-Cout curves of the
transistor versus its width, the presented work has achieved Results
obtained deserving (ForM) of the designed Power Amplifier , In that a mix
of the output power, efficiency, and maximum drain voltage, to improve
Notably (52%), but lacks Restrictions represent Non-ideal Alternating
behavior because of Limited ON-resistance and output capacitance leads to
Departures from Departures model and limits Power Added Efficiency
(PAE), Important losses in passive Elements, Particularly inductors, are
Crucial at high frequencies, The model Process is complex by the need to
consider R_on and inductor Quality scale , Creating the equations and
process more complicated. Also, In [2] the author faced a main
confrontation, especially with the purpose of the active power amplifier,
and reached enough amplification with a high peak-to-average power rate is
one and another one is a prop to the carrier wave and the bandwidth being
broader, so it works on how to increase the output power and efficiency so
it uses a modern resolve of the class-E PA that it had a colocation of
dissimilar mechanism one of them on off technique by MOSFETs it is
important to get the desired switching also the voltage signal has been
amplification that needs to have a square shape so they used the square
pulse, and for the amplification level, in general the main goal of this article
is to investigate the best design to realize the rise in the merit and the result
at the same time for radio frequency setup electronic article surveillance
(EAS) system by using CMOS Class-E PA, The interference that has been
between the wave shape of the current and voltage leads to a loss in the
merit of the power amplification. Then in [3], the authors proposed a
modern output power control technique utilized to efficiently manage the
output power of the proposed PA by assembling switches and capacitors
with varying sizes. The presented work achieved an output power of 21.09
dBm delivered to a 50-ohm standard load at 2.4 GHz with 57% Power-
Added Efficiency (PAE) from a 1.8 V supply voltage but lacks a balance
between ideal switching waveform, power consumption, and integration
capability [3]. In [4], The main finding is that the efficiency of 98.44
percent powerful with 12 volt DC, that it works in 1 MHz the frequency
amount and 50 percent duty cycle to find in the output a stable sinusoidal
signal, so this article has been researched for a solution to the efficiency
problem ve switching frequency, by switching techniques using the changes
in voltage when is about to be zero it will open the switch and the
exhaustion current is specific using the outer circuit because of the
switching act of the transistor, but closed the switch the current is zero and
the voltage is specific using the passing load network, but the ZVS system
failed during varying of the duty ratio to set the power output if the
frequency can't control the harmony, this drive to make a switching loss
because the phase shift. Furthermore, In [5], the authors proposed [utilize
an Appropriate systematic method, Precise blueprint solutions for Class-E
PA with any inductor value can nevertheless be procured. ]. By using
[Quantitatively acquire results are interpose by Lagrange polynomials to
obtain approximate design equations], the presented work has achieved [the
design recipe showing the relation between the input parameters and the
circuit element values of the finite dc feed inductance Class-E PA] but lacks
[A significant factor for the lower output power is the Deterioration of the
driving signal at the gate of the transistor in shape from square wave to
sinusoidal at higher frequency. because to low-pass filtering from the cables
and the connections the square waveform signal from the generator is
connected to a sinusoidal signal at the gate of the transistor; which lowers
the output power and the efficiency at high frequency [5].
References
[1] H. Ghasemizadeh Tamar, A. Nabavi, and M. Haghighat, “Analysis and
design procedure of a mm-Wave Class-E power amplifier,”
Microelectronics J., vol. 111, no. December 2020, p. 105036, 2021, doi:
10.1016/j.mejo.2021.105036.
[2] M. N. Zahid, J. Jiang, H. Lu, S. Khan, and H. Zhang, “An Optimal Design
of High Output Power CMOS Class e Power Amplifier with Broadband
Matching for RFID Applications,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1746, no. 1,
2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1746/1/012089.
[3] R. Meshkin, A. Saberkari, and M. Niaboli-Guilani, “A novel 2.4 GHz
CMOS class-E power amplifier with efficient power control for wireless
communications,” 2010 IEEE Int. Conf. Electron. Circuits, Syst. ICECS
2010 - Proc., pp. 599–602, 2010, doi: 10.1109/ICECS.2010.5724583.
[4] Y. Yusop, S. Saat, H. Husin, I. Hindustan, and S. K. Nguang, “Design and
Analysis of 1MHz class-E power amplifier for load and duty cycle
variations,” Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 358–368,
2016, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp358-368.
[5] M. Acar, A. J. Annema, and B. Nauta, “Analytical design equations for
class-E power amplifiers,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., vol. 54,
no. 12, pp. 2706–2717, 2007, doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2007.910544.
