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DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

SUBMITTED TO:
MS ANEEQA ANSARI

GROUP MEMBERS:

FATIMA RAFIQUE
KINZA ISHAQ
RIMSHA PERVAZ
MANAHIL SAJJID
MAHEEN RIAZ
WAHIBA KHAN
UME-HAMNA NISAR
ALIZAY IFTIKHAR

SUBMISSION DATE:
25/MARCH/2022
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CONTENTS

THE FORAMTION OF A MOVEMENT IS PUSHED BY CERTAIN FORCES.

RELATE STAIN THEORIES WITH THOSE FACTORS WHILE
SUPPORTING IT WITH LOGICAL EXAMPLES.

▪ MOVEMENT
▪ PUSH FACTORS
▪ THEORY
▪ RELATE PUSH FATORS WITH THEORY
• Logical Reasoning And Arguments
▪ CONCLUSION
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MOVEMENT

The Movement that we have chosen is BLACK LIVES MATTERS.

HISTORY

The movement started in July 2013, with the utilization of the hash label #BlackLivesMatter via
social media after the absolution of George Zimmerman in the shooting passing of African-
American high schooler Troyon Martin 17 months sooner in February 2012. The movement
turned out to be broadly perceived for road showings following the 2014 passings of two African
Americans, that of Michael Brown bringing about fights and distress in Ferguson, Missouri, a
city close to St. Louis and Eric Garner in New York City. Since the Ferguson fights, members in
the development have shown against the passings of various other African Americans by police
activities or while in police guardianship. In the mid-year of 2015, Black Lives Matter activists
became engaged with the 2016 United States official political race The originators of the hash
tag and source of inspiration, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi, extended their
venture into a public organization of more than 30 nearby sections somewhere in the range of
2014 and 2016.

The development got back to public features and acquired further worldwide consideration
during the worldwide George Floyd fights in 2020 following his homicide by Minneapolis cop
Derek Chauvin. An expected 15 million to 26 million individuals partook in the 2020 Black
Lives Matter fights in the United States, making it probably the biggest movement in the nation's
set of experiences. It involved many perspectives and a wide cluster of requests however they
fixated on enhancement in law enforcement.

The fame of Black Lives Matter has moved over the long run. Though general assessment was
net negative in 2018, it became progressively through 2019 and 2020. A June 2020 Pew
Research Center survey saw that as 67% of grown-up Americans communicated some help for
the Black Lives Matter movement. A later survey led in September 2020 showed that help
among American grown-ups had dropped to 55%, with striking downfalls among whites and
Hispanics, while help stayed far and wide among dark grown-ups This level of support has
stayed consistent since.
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Push Factors:

There are many factors that may contribute to push the movement # black lives matter.

➢ Education:

It is one of the main factor of this movement . In every aspect of life education plays the most
important role to make a better human so that he can work for the betterment of the society. If you
don’t give right education your society will never become a develop and peaceful one.

➢ Health:

Black Americans face a lot of problems while getting treated. They have less medical facilities
than whites. Due to which black people die you get than white. It also leads to black lives
movement as the health of any human is the first priority either he is black or white.

➢ Income Inequality:

Discrimination is not only in those necessities that are mentioned above but it is also present in
Jobs, career and income. Only on the basis of color and race, black people get half or lower than
half of pays as compared to white people.

➢ Racism:

It’s also one of the factors that push social movement. Racism now days it’s on peak, not nationally
but internationally and have caused chaos around the world.

➢ Elites Brutality:

Elite’s brutality is also cause of social movements; there are many brutal acts and injustices
happening around the world, which push social movements.

➢ Inequality:

Due to inequality in society it leads to movement, they can be small like locally and big like
globally. It can bring changes in society. Sometimes changes can be big or small it varies. And
inequality can be of anything like poor and rich, developed and undeveloped, etc.
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➢ Discrimination:

Due to Discrimination in society, it can lead to big social movements which can change society
on different level. Like black and white, etc.

Strain Theory:

Strain theory is a sociological theory, first suggest by Neil Smelser in 1962. Strain theory shape
that society puts pressure on individuals to attain socially accepted goals. It conducts to strain
which may lead individuals to commit crimes, like selling drugs or becoming involved in adultery
as a means to get financial security. This theory falls very much in the structural framework.

Structural strain theory is the underlying factor that contributes to collective behavior it may
occur at different levels such as norms, values, mobility, situational facilities etc. Structural
strain theory states something that endangers the relationship among the parts of a system leading
to its malfunctioning. This refers to the procedure at the societal level which decrease and affect
how the individual recognized his or her needs.

Logical Arguments:

Black Lives Matter is a phrase, and especially a hashtag, used to highlight the racism, bigotry
and inequality that black people experience. The following are some logical reasons behind
this movement.

Education:

i. Black people face uncountable hurdles in their studies. The reporter Joe Heim who talks
about race, culture, nationalism and school said in one of his report: The textbooks were
whitewashed we never talked about slavery or why it persisted.
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ii. The books don’t cover the subjects related to race and ethnicity. So that black people won’t
get up for their rights.
iii. Black boys face discrimination and brutality everyday that it’s destroying their lives while
girls are a victim of harassments. Teachers torture them and won’t even let then sit in class.
Their interaction with white is very less as white considered themselves as superior they
treat them as slaves.
iv. Due to the race and ethnicity almost 25 million students in school districts are not unified.
Health:

i. With education they don’t even have facilities of health. Hospitals prefer to treat whites
and if black comes in emergency the cost of treatment is very high for them that they
won’t get treatment. Especially in the times of covid-19 these problems have increased
for minority communities.
ii. The maternal death rate is very much higher in women of color.
iii. Black Americans also suffer from psychological problems due to the behavior of white
communities with them.
Income Inequality:

i. Black Americans face a lot of income inequality especially after covid-19. One of them
said in a report that the only way for our businesses to survive is we have to own
our own stuff.
ii. No one wants to buy the goodies or everything they made. The wealth gap between
white and black is very huge. They own less houses, the rate of unemployment is higher
in them.
iii. A reporter Reed Albergotti said about black entrepreneurs that “only 1% of venture
capital money goes to companies founded by black entrepreneurs”.
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Racism:

i. Black Americans are still unequally distributed. Some have been able to take advantage
of opportunities to expand; many others did not. And in recent years, the death toll for
despair has begun to rise among uneducated blacks, though they often remain lower
than the average white.
ii. Black women are subjected to the same treatment as black men, police killings,
suspensions, and racial slurs; targeting of poor, disabled, or shifted women; death in
custody. In some cases, they are re-targeted at the same level. Women are also subject
to police sexual harassment assault, beaten and their children are also not secure.
iii. Black people want to be able to leave their homes while feeling secure, to meet &
interact with other people peacefully and talk to governments without risking their
lives.
Elites Brutality:

i. People dealing directly with disasters, as well as the communities around them, are
often in the best position to drive lasting change. Black people need to be able to make
decisions about what will improve their lives and find the resources to do so.
International actors have a duty and responsibility to support, not to shut down their
space.
ii. Black people are more likely to be killed, handicapped or injured by the police, in cases
where white people were not injured.
iii. This movement will get the right that the police and justice systems in which black
people pay their taxes too will be treated by them the same as white citizens. That they
are not blocked or harassed just by being black. That if they are suspended, they will
not be beaten or killed for what is usually a seemingly trivial crime or no offense at all.
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Inequality:

i. The movement is for the lives of Black people, people with disabilities, people with
records, women, and all the lives of Black people with gender equality. The movement
will focus on those who have been neglected among the Black liberation movements.
ii. The movement is for black people rights in the fight against injustice included voting
rights, racial violence, discrimination in the workplace and segregated public spaces.
iii. It is time to rethink how we can be a better partner for black people living in conflict
and crisis in order to ensure that humanitarian assistance goes beyond meeting urgent
needs and expands to help address the root causes of social injustice
Discrimination:

i. In every institution, be it religious, educational, government, economic, all aspects of

American life, the desire is to be treated equally, the Black Lives Matter organization
asked for something. Stop preventing black people from exercising their rights.
ii. The movement will be working for a world where black lives are no longer intended to
be systematically destroyed and feel secure and have all human rights in a peaceful
environment.
iii. After three decades of self-identifying politics, cultural diversity, and diversity, the idea
that this problem is being ignored may strike many as unreasonable. In key terms,
however, this time the United States has avoided and has had a different concern for its
black citizens.
iv. This is not to deny that black Americans die young and are less likely to go to college
and get a safer job than whites in general. They too are less likely to own their own
homes and thus collect wealth, and are more likely to live in poverty and imprisonment
than whites.
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Conclusion

Since the beginning of America black lives have been treated like they don’t matter. Black
people were enslaved and oppressed because of the color of their skin and other biological
characteristics. When slavery ended, black lives were still discriminated against due to the color
of their skin. It was acceptable to discriminate based on skin color in the pre-Civil Rights era, but
in the post-Civil Right era things changed. The predominant form of racism is no longer overt or
based on biological characteristics. It is a subtle form of racism known as colorblind racism that
has influenced various parts of American society including the criminal justice system.

The All Lives Matter response is a product of the colorblind society. It is used to try and stop the
Black Lives Matter Movement and end any conversation about race. The Black Lives Matter
Movement is a new civil rights movement to fight against this new form of racism. It’s stating
that race matters in a society where race is considered insignificant. The Black Lives Matter
Movement is trying to shift away from colorblindness to color consciousness. It’s not ignoring
that racism is still a problem in the United States. The Black Lives Matter movement needs to
continue to grow as a social movement. The Black Lives Matter Movement has local chapters
across the United States that can be used to address racism at the local level. The Black Lives
Matter Movement should focus on gaining support and educating their communities about
colorblind racism to build up. There also needs to be legal challenges and new laws and policies
to replace the race neutral ones in the criminal justice system that cause racial disparities. The
policies at every level of the criminal justice system need to be looked at to ensure that they
aren’t more harmful to one race over the others. 23 These new policies are a ways off for the
Black Lives Matter Movement. The most important thing the Black Lives Matter Movement can
do next is educate America about colorblind racism, change public opinion and gain support.
Race does matter, black lives matter and it will take a fundamental shift in the public to believe
that they matter in order to change the criminal justice system and American society.