1.APC Overview
1.APC Overview
OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY
HONEYWELL FORGE
Advanced Process Control
PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
Honeywell Forge Advanced Process Control maximizes operating profitability by optimizing production tradeoffs,
managing product specifications and pushing operating envelopes to constraints.
KEY FEATURES
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Introduction
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Levels of Process Control
Model
E.g.
Smith Multivariable
Based Forge APC or
predictors predictive
Control etc. control [DMC] + PACE+SMOC
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Levels of Process Control
• Basic regulatory
▪ Advanced regulatory (intermediate regulatory)
• Multivariable, model based
• Constrained economic optimization
Increasing complexity and costs and
diminishing benefits
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What is MPC ?
▪ Process Control
• Regulatory control, you look at one input (measurement) and control it to a
target (setpoint) by adjusting one output/valve (e.g Flow, Level, etc.):
• Advanced control, you look at many inputs and then control one or more
outputs:
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What is MPC ?
▪ Multivariable Process Control (MPC) that is model-based software and is used
▪ MPC requires that the process model created accurately represents the process
▪ MPC’s ability to co-ordinate variables to more stably and push toward a known
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What is MPC ?
MPC will include:
▪ Offline and online model building, model verification, and data analysis tools that
ensure model accuracy
▪ Driver software to collect historical data from control systems or online process
historian systems
▪ Operator guidance to advise where the MPC is taking the process
▪ Prediction of controlled variables based on future planned moves of manipulated
variables
▪ Run time MPC tuning to adjust for changes in process dynamics without having to
rebuild the model
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What is Multivariable Control (MVC) or APC ?
Single-Input-Single-Output
SP
PV PID OP
Multi-Input-Multi-Output
SPs
PV1 OP1
MPC OP2
PV2 OP3
PNn OPm
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MPC Overview
Model Predictive Control (MPC) technologies use process relationships to better control and
optimize complex industrial processes.
CV’s MPC
DV’s MV’s
Process Models
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What is a CV?
CV's are Controlled Variables. The MPC controller is designed to "control" these variables
Controlled Variables
(CV’s)
MPC Manipulated Variables
(MV’s)
Disturbance Variables
(DV’s)
Process Models
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What is a MV?
MV's are Manipulated Variables. The MPC controller can move these values (within a range) to
control the CV's. Representative examples would be flow, pressure, and temperature controller
setpoints.
Setpoints, Ranges, Optimization Objectives
Controlled
Variables(CV’s)
MPC Manipulated
Disturbance Variables (MV’s)
Variables(DV’s)
Process Models
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What is a DV?
DV's are Disturbance Variables. These variables impact the process but the controller is not
allowed to move the value. DV's are included so that changes to these variables can be
accounted for by the controller. A typical example of a DV would be a unit feed rate.
Controlled
Variables(CV’s)
Manipulated
MPC
Variables(MV’s)
Disturbance
Variables(DV’s)
Process Models
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What is a Process Model?
A Process Model is simply a time varying relationship between the process variables.
Setpoints, Ranges,
Optimization Objectives
Process Models
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Simple Process Example for APC
• Imagine a shower…
- Two taps (hot & cold stream), one mixer head
- Two handles
MVs
▪ Two controlled variables (MVs)
▪ Two taps (hot & cold stream) DVs
MVs
▪ Uncontrollable factor (DVs) DVs
▪ Sudden changes in water pressure
▪ Water temperature of hot stream drop
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Model Identification
Top quality
Reflux
Step test signals Process Pressure
Process responses
Pressure
Bottom draw
Bottom draw
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HOW DOES CONTROLLER COMPUTE CONTROL MOVE ?
Process Model the process as well as the results of previous control moves to
predict the future state of the process (actions).
• Optimization Calculations:
These calculations push a process according to economic
considerations after the control objectives are met. Imposing
optimization calculations on a process is optional.
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Model Based Predictive Control2
CV Targets
Optimizer
MVs
Prediction Controller Process
CVs
Model
-
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(SISO) Prediction Models2
2.5
CV
1.26
1 0.97
Deadtime =2
0.5
0.57 Gain =2
Unit MV Change at t = 1
0
0 1 5 10 Time Intervals15 20 25
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(SISO) Prediction Models5
12
Now
10 Unforced Response
8
Value
MV
CV
4
2
History Settling Time
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Intervals
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What Does the Model Look Like?
APC Control Matrix
MV 1 MV 2 MV 3 DV 1
CV 1
CV 2
CV 3
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APC Model
Process Relationships between CVs, MVs and DVs
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Model Reconciliation1
CV Targets
Optimizer
MVs
Prediction Controller Process
CVs
Model
-
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Model Reconciliation2
12
Now
10
Bias update
8
Value
6
MV
Reconciled CV trajectory CV
4 CV process
2
History Settling Time
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Intervals
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Control
CV Targets
Optimizer
MVs
Prediction Controller Process
CVs
Model
-
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Desired CV Trajectory
12
Now SP Reconciled CV trajectory
10
Error Vector MV
Value
Now/SS
6 CV
Target
Error
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Horizon With Control (one MV move)
12
Now SP Forced CV trajectory
10
Error Vector MV
Now/SS
Value
6 CV
Target
Error
4
Future MV move
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Horizon With Control
12
Now SP Forced CV trajectory
10
Error Vector MV
Now/SS
Value
6 CV
Target
Error
4
Future MV moves
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Move Calculations
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Optimization1
CV Targets
Optimizer
MVs
Prediction Controller Process
CVs
Model
-
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Optimization2
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Optimization3
MV 2
MV 1 Low MV 1 High
MV 2 High
Current position
MV 2 Low
MV 1
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Debutanizer Column1
Interaction: Cooling water
CV1
Increase in reflux (MV1)
causes: TI
LC
in top temperature F
MV1 FC
C
CV3
in distillate
DV1
CV4 Distillate
in base temperature Feed
in base product
MV2
F
C
Steam
CV5
LC
CV Controlled variable Base
DV Disturbance (FF) variable product
CV2 TI
MV Manipulated variable
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Debutanizer Column2
causes: LC
TI
Reflux
in top temperature F
MV1 FC
C CV3
in distillate
DV1
CV4 Distillate
in bottom temperature Feed
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How Does APC Achieve The Benefits?
APC Improves Process Stability and pushes the process to the most profitable
operating point
Profit
Specification Limit
Operator Target
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INCENTIVE FOR SOLUTION IN THIS INITIATIVE
❑ Closer Optimal Condition
MV2
CV1 CV2
MV2 High Limit High
BEST Operating Region
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How Does APC Gain Its Benefit?
Optimum
Manipulated Variable Increases process
e.g. Feed Rate capacity Advanced Control
$ Limits the
Production Capacity
$ Costly operation
beyond constraint
$
Conservative Delay in responding Overcompensation
operation to extra capacity for violation
Time
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How Does MPC Deliver Benefits?
Every minute, twenty-four hours throughout the year!
Consistent
Operation
Normal Operation
Days per Year
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Why Consider APC?
The benefits of multivariable predictive control and optimization strategies can
also be intangible.
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Honeywell’s Advanced Control Solutions
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TECHNOLOGY
No. Honeywell Technology General Function
3 Control Modeler ▪ Automated Testing, Identification, Online Modeler and model maintenance
5 Control Performance Analytics ▪ Monitoring and Analysis for APC, PID and financial impact.
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PROCESS CONTROLLER
• Forge APC Controller is a 2nd generation multivariable
predictive controller (MVPC) that employs the patented Robust
Multivariable Predictive Controller Technology (RMPCT ). Past Future
• Inherently More Stable Optimal Response
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APC ENGINEERING STUDIO
• Project organization tools
• Integrated help and documentation
• Direct data import & export
• Data analysis, manipulation, vector
calculations, transformations
• Data statistics
• Trending, advanced visualization options
• Multiple dynamic modeling options
• 3rd Party model convertor
• Statistical correlation analysis, model
confidence, and statistical summaries to
gauge model quality
• Offline simulation & testing
• Auto-documentation and back-build
• Benefit Calculation Module
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SMOC Conversion
▪ The conversion of SMOC controllers to Process Controller
models is done using the models documented in the report
generated by the SMOC tool. The document is generated in
.htm format. The HTML and other files are documentation of
the Graphical Model Builder (GMB) tool of SMOC.
▪ The transfer functions which are directly relating the MV/DV to
CV can be plugged in the submodel in Process Controller
model matrix
▪ The values of the function block parameters:
▪ Dead Time, Gain, Beta, Time Constants (Tau1, Tau2)
along with the transfer function model type, first order,
second order, ramp etc.
▪ In APC Engineering Studio tool, Model files can be
populated manually with equivalent Laplace models.
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APC OPERATOR STATION
❑ Engages operator in proactive monitoring and
control
❑ Online Tunning
❑ Operator Guidance
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WEB VIEWER
❑ Web Viewer is an Application Dashboard
solution to allow user to work with APC
applications from business network (L4)
❑ Application Dashboard provides an interface
to:
▪ Monitor the applications
▪ Activate or Deactivate the applications
▪ Turn the applications ON, OFF, or
WARM
▪ Set CV, MV high and low limits
▪ Launch the themes and migrating
APCOS Themes into APC Web Viewer
▪ Lab Update
▪ The Event Log display
▪ Specify user access limit
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INFERENTIALS
❑ Soft Sensor Development
❑ Extensive Data Pre-processing, Modeling, Data
Validation, and Model Qualification Capabilities
❑ Linear and non-linear modeling capability
▪ Ordinary, Weighted, and Partial Least
❑ Regressed and User-entered
▪ Regress to custom equation forms
▪ User-Entered Online Transformations
❑ Steady-state and dynamic
▪ Dynamic Subspace Inferential
▪ Automated dynamic compensation for asynchronous
property data
❑ Lab/Analyzer Bias Update
❑ Tightly Integrated into Forge APC Engineering Studio
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CONTROL MODELER
❑ Automates Key Tasks:
▪ Data collection, Plant Testing
▪ Model identification
▪ Visualization of test progress
▪ End of test indication
❑ Applicable to all Development Scenarios
▪ Open & Closed-loop testing with constraint management
▪ ID algorithm common to runtime and offline environments
Forge APC Engineering Studio
▪ Immediate visualizations on model quality
❑ Results
▪ 40% to 60% reduction in plant test time
▪ 60% to 99% reduction in post-test model ID
▪ Improved controller performance
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SITE WIDE OPTIMIZER
A multilayer solution which inherits a business planning
model, acquires underlying operating constraints
through a unit level APC model and delivers an
end-to-end optimization solution in real time. Honeywell’s
patented techniques dynamically optimize the plant,
always ensures a feasible solution driving decision
making in real time
❑ Pure simulation-based optimizers are limited by lack
of real-time, dynamic constraint information
▪ Require every CV from APC to be defined in the
optimizer
▪ Dynamic variability causes solution to be unstable
and violate APC constraints
❑ Solution: Proxy Limits
▪ Plant-wide Optimizer Proxy Limits represent the
constraints in lower- level APC
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Control Performance Analytics-Unified (CPA-U)
(CPA-Unified) is a solution that monitors, identifies, diagnoses
and remedies control asset issues and their economic impact
across all levels of plant control. It ties instruments, PIDs,
analyzers and advanced process control (APC).
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UOP TOOLKIT
Why Honeywell Forge APC for UOP units?
UOP Inside Optimization • Varying Feedstocks
• Rate, Composition
1. BGP
2. BGP- Plus
BGP Plus extends from the BGP offering by providing a combination of remote
supporting and on-site visits support services.
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What Are the Main Features Of APC ?
APC
Integrated
optimization Monitors and maintains
Manipulated Variables
capabilities to drive
and Controlled Variables
applications toward within limits while it is
specified design objectives. controlling the process
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TRAINING
Honeywell provides training courses
Customers can
choose courses of
interest and
advanced courses.
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