Government Policies on Illiteracy in Pakistan
Pakistani Government Policies Regarding Illiteracy with the government putting in place a
number of measures to raise literacy rates nationwide, illiteracy is still a major problem in
Pakistan. Significant gaps still exist in spite of these efforts, demanding for a more
comprehensive examination of the projects' strengths and weaknesses.
Key Policies
Each One Teach One (EOTO): In an effort to encourage a culture of learning, this program
encourages high school and college students to teach literacy to adults. Although it increases
awareness, it has little effect, particularly in rural areas where adult illiteracy is widespread.
National Literacy Program: This program offers resources such as a monthly magazine for adult
learners and a technical education-focused Post-Literacy Program (PLP). Although the PLP
seeks to promote education beyond basic reading, different provinces have different success rates
due to differences in how it is implemented.
National Education Policy 2017: This policy promotes collaboration between provincial education
systems and links educational standards. However, financial difficulties and instability in politics
have prevented its complete execution.
Constitutional Recognition of Education: In order to fulfil its responsibilities under international
law, the government acknowledges education as a basic human right. Even while this is a step in
the right direction, there are still numerous obstacles to overcome, especially in overlooked and
rural areas.
E-learning Initiatives: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has utilised
technology to increase educational accessibility, particularly through online learning resources.
However, the effectiveness of these programs is impacted by the lack of internet availability in
many places.
Current Status and Improvements
Overall literacy rates, which are 74% in urban regions and 52% in rural areas, have remained
unchanged despite an increase in participation to over 55 million in 2019. A 29.6% decrease in
education spending in 2019–20 indicates a lack of government commitment to education.
Furthermore, 42% of children enrolled in school attend private schools, which raises questions
regarding quality and accessibility for lower-income families that cannot afford private
education.
Areas of Improvement
1. Increased Funding and Investment: The government needs to prioritize education in its budget
to ensure adequate resources for public schools, particularly in underserved areas. This involves
not only increasing funding but also ensuring that funds are allocated efficiently to areas with the
greatest need.
2. Infrastructure Development: Many rural areas lack basic educational facilities. The government
should focus on building schools and improving existing infrastructures to create an environment
conducive to learning.
3. Teacher Training and Quality Assurance: Improving the quality of education requires
investment in teacher training programs. Qualified teachers are essential for effective literacy
education, and continuous professional development should be mandated.
4. Community Engagement: Initiatives like EOTO could benefit from greater community
involvement. Engaging local leaders and organizations can enhance the reach and impact of
literacy programs, especially in conservative areas where education for girls is still a contentious
issue.
5. Data-Driven Approaches: The government should utilize data to track the progress of literacy
programs and identify areas needing urgent attention. This can help in making informed decisions
and implementing targeted interventions.
In conclusion, while Pakistan's government has launched several initiatives to combat illiteracy, the
effectiveness of these policies is hampered by inadequate funding, infrastructural challenges, and a lack
of quality assurance in education. A holistic approach, focusing on improving funding, infrastructure, and
community engagement, is essential for meaningful progress in literacy across the country.
References:
https://thepakistangazette.com/2022/10/30/illiteracy-in-pakistan-causes-consequences-solutions/
https://medium.com/@Rana_Hashim/how-to-control-illiteracy-in-pakistan-78ec3ed4d111
https://www.rferl.org/a/1098179.html
