Cloud – Masses of condensed water droplets suspended in the
2 Weather and Climate atmosphere.
➢ Meteorology – The study of weather and climate. Cloud Types – Clouds comes in many shapes, size and heights.
➢ Weather – The day to day condition of the atmosphere. It includes
temperature, precipitation, pressure and wind.
➢ Climate – The average weather conditions of a place taken over a
period of years.
➢ Factors that affect the weather.
Temperature – A measure of how warm or cold it is. Cloud Cover – The amount of the sky covered by clouds
Measures temperature using “Themometer”. Measured in eighths.
Precipitation – Water in any form that falls to earth. It includes
rain, snow, sleet (ice) and hail (frozen rain).
Clear 2/8 4/8 6/8 8/8
sky Scattered Broken Total cloud
Visibility – The distance that can be seen.
Measured by meters.
Wind Speed – Tells us how strong the wind is.
Micro Climate – The climate of a small area. It is different from
Measured by using “Beaufort Scale”
general surrounding.
Calm Light moderate Strong Fresh gale
breeze breeze breeze → Some of the causes due to Micro Climate.
▪ Surface – The color of the ground surface affects warming. Dark
surface (Tarmac road/ concrete floor) will become warmer than
light surface (grass).
Smoke rises Wind felt on Dust and Large Twigs beak ▪ Aspect – The direction where you get sunlight. Places facing the
vertically face, leaves paper lifted, branches in off trees.
sun will be warmer than those in shadow.
rustle small motion
branches ▪ Shelter – Trees, hedges, walls, buildings and hills provide shelter
move
▪ Buildings – Building give off heat that has been stored from the
Wind Direction – Shows the directions from which the wind sun. building beak up the wind and reduce the speed. Sometimes
blows. wind increase speed when it rushes around buildings
Shown by a “Wind Vane”. ▪ Physical features – Trees (Forest) provide shade and shelter and
are usually cooler. Water areas (Lakes/ Seas) have a cooling effect
and produce light winds. Hilltops are usually cool and windy.
