Authors Title
Cyrus Jehu R. Barrera Use of 1:7 rice bran wax to rice bran oil mixture as phase
Mandy D. Umadhay change material in increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic
Jasper C. Canson cells
Aris C. Larroder
Razali Thaib, Muhammad Thermal Properties of Beef Tallow/Coconut Oil Bio PCM Using T-
Amin, Hamdani Umar History Method for Wall Building Applications
Nandy Putra, Ida Ayu Application of Soy Wax Phase Change Material as Thermal Energy
Nyoman Titin Trisnadewi Storage in Wall Building
Haibin Yang, Yang Zou & Advancements and challenges in enhancing salt hydrate phase
Hongzhi Cui change materials for building energy storage: Optimization
methodologies and mechanisms
Aman Yadav Experimental investigation on the thermophysical properties of
M. Samykano Paraffin wax/wheat husk composite for thermal energy storage
A.K. Pandey
Kamal Sharma
V.V. Tyagi
Publication Year
IEEE 2020
IEEE 2019
IEEE 2024
IEEE 2024
IEEE 2024
Objectives
1.Examine the effectiveness of a 1 7 mixture of rice bran wax to rice
bran oil (RBW/RBO) as a potential PCM for cooling PV panels.
2.Compare the performance of PV cells with and without the
application of PCM.
3.Evaluate the impact of the RBW/RBO mixture on reducing the
operating temperature of PV cells.
4.Assess the improvement in efficiency of PV cells when using the
RBW/RBO mixture as a PCM.
1.To examine the thermal properties of beef tallow/coconut oil
bio PCM using the T-History method.
2.To determine the effect of adding coconut oil to beef tallow
on the thermal properties of the resulting bio PCM.
3.To assess the potential application of beef tallow/coconut oil
bio PCM as heat storage material for building walls.
1.To evaluate the application of soy wax as a phase change
material (PCM) in building walls
2.To assess the thermal performance of building prototypes
with and without soy wax packs
3.To measure and compare temperature changes in prototypes
over a 24-hour period
4.To calculate the calorific value absorbed by walls with soy
wax packs
1.Address the challenge of phase separation in salt hydrate
PCMs due to incongruent melting behavior.
2.Improve the inadequate thermal conductivity of PCMs (below
0.7 W/(m K)).
3.Develop methods to control the phase change temperatures
of salt hydrates for diverse energy storage systems.
1.To green synthesize wheat husk WH microparticles
2.To improve the thermal properties of A 70 PCM using WH
microparticles
3.To develop and characterize PCM composites with enhanced
thermal and chemical stability
4.To evaluate the thermal cycle stability of the newly
developed PCM composites
Theory Applied
Thermal Insulation Theory
Thermal Insulation Theory
Thermal Insulation Theory
Thermal Insulation Theory
Thermal Insulation Theory
Methodology
The methodology of this study was conducted in three main phases. First, the researchers
analyzed the thermophysical properties of the rice bran wax and rice bran oil (RBW/RBO)
mixture using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine its melting point and
latent heat of fusion. Second, they assembled three photovoltaic (PV) cell setups: one
without PCM (control), one with paraffin wax PCM, and one with the 1:7 RBW/RBO mixture
PCM. These setups were placed in a custom-made box with a xenon lamp to simulate solar
radiation. K-type thermocouples were attached to measure temperatures. In the final phase,
the researchers measured voltage, current, and temperature every 15 minutes for a 45-
minute period. They used these measurements to calculate the fill factor and conversion
efficiency of each setup using derived equations. The experiment was conducted at the
Philippine Science High School-Western Visayas Campus, with proper safety procedures
observed throughout the process.
The researchers conducted an experimental study using the T-History method to analyze the
thermal properties of PCMs made from beef tallow and coconut oil. They prepared various
mixtures of beef tallow and coconut oil (100% beef tallow, 70% beef tallow + 30% coconut
oil, 60% beef tallow + 40% coconut oil, and 50% beef tallow + 50% coconut oil). The samples
were placed in tubes along with a reference tube containing water. Both were heated above
the melting point of the PCM and then allowed to cool naturally. The temperature profiles
were recorded using k-type thermocouples connected to an Agilent 34970 A data acquisition
system. The resulting T-History graphs were analyzed using equations from Yinping's
reference to determine thermal properties such as melting temperature, heat capacity, and
latent heat.
The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature and
studies on salt hydrate PCMs. Various techniques are explored to address the challenges,
including thickening, gelling, porous-carrier absorption, and microencapsulation for phase
separation prevention. The study also examines different methods for enhancing thermal
conductivity, such as using 3D thermal enhancers and exploring synergistic combinations of
enhancers with different dimensions. Additionally, the research investigates ways to fine-
tune the phase change temperature of salt hydrates by incorporating temperature-regulated
agents like organic materials, other types of salts, or salt hydrates.
The study involved preparing hybrid composites using coir and jute fibers with varying
compositions. The composites were manufactured using compression molding techniques.
Thermal insulation properties were investigated using methods such as the hot wire method
and steady-state method. The researchers measured various parameters including thermal
conductivity, thickness, density, and air permeability according to ASTM and ISO standards.
The study likely involved analyzing the relationship between fiber composition, physical
properties, and thermal insulation performance.
The research employed a carbonization process to synthesize WH microparticles from waste
wheat plant parts. These microparticles were then incorporated into A-70 PCM using an
ultrasonication method to develop PCM composites. Various characterization techniques
were used to investigate the morphological, chemical, optical, and thermal properties of the
newly developed composites. The researchers prepared composites with different WH
concentrations (1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 wt%) and subjected them to 500 thermal cycles to
ensure thermal stability.
Conclusion
This study investigated the use of a 1:7 rice bran wax to rice bran oil
(RBW/RBO) mixture as a phase change material (PCM) to improve the
efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The researchers compared three
setups: PV cell without PCM, with paraffin wax PCM, and with the
RBW/RBO mixture PCM. They found that the RBW/RBO mixture increased
the PV cell's conversion efficiency by 0.232% compared to no PCM,
performing slightly better than paraffin wax. This was attributed to the
RBW/RBO mixture's melting point being within the PV cell's optimal
operating temperature range, allowing it to effectively absorb heat and
regulate the cell's temperature.
The study successfully utilized the T-History method to measure the
thermal properties of beef tallow and coconut oil bio PCMs. The results
showed that adding coconut oil to beef tallow caused a decrease in
melting temperature and supercooling temperature. The specific heat and
latent heat of the bio PCMs ranged from 2.96-2.19 kJ/kg·°C and 101.05-
72.32 kJ/kg, respectively. The researchers concluded that these beef
tallow/coconut oil bio PCM materials have potential for application as
additional material in building wall construction, although there may be
some decline in their performance with increased coconut oil content.
The study concludes that while significant progress has been made in
addressing the challenges associated with salt hydrate PCMs, there is still
room for improvement. Various technologies have proven effective in
preventing phase separation, but long-term cycle stability assessments
and a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms are needed. 3D
thermal enhancers have shown remarkable ability to improve thermal
conductivity, outperforming other dimensional enhancers. The phase
change temperature of salt hydrate PCMs can be fine-tuned, widening
their application range across diverse fields. However, it's important to
note that introducing temperature regulators often results in reduced latent
heat capacity. Future research should focus on developing innovative
solutions with self-healing capabilities, exploring synergistic use of
enhancers, and leveraging machine learning techniques for predicting
variations in phase change temperature.
The research demonstrated that natural coir/jute fiber hybrid composites
have promising thermal insulation properties suitable for automotive
applications. The study found that the thermal conductivity of the
composites was influenced by factors such as fiber composition, density,
and thickness. The lowest thermal conductivity was observed in
composites containing 10% coir/jute samples. The research highlighted the
potential of these eco-friendly composites as lightweight and effective
thermal insulation materials for the automotive industry, offering both
environmental benefits and reduced costs compared to conventional
materials.
The newly developed A-70 + WH composites demonstrated enhanced
thermal and chemical stability, high optical absorbance, improved latent
heat (217.1 J/g), and increased thermal conductivity (0.35 W/m K). The
latent heat and thermal conductivity of the composite materials were
4.57% and 66.66% higher than the base PCM, respectively. After 500
thermal cycles, the synthesized composite maintained its thermal and
chemical stability. Based on these superior thermo-physical properties, the
newly developed PCM composite shows promise for efficient thermal
energy storage applications.
Knowledge Gap / Future Works
•Improvised solar simulator used instead of standard equipment
•Further studies on other bio-based PCMs recommended
•Testing under real solar conditions suggested
•Possibility of hydrogenation to increase melting point
•Lack of specific quantitative results for the thermal properties (melting
temperature, heat capacity, latent heat) of the tested PCMs
•Absence of comparative analysis between different mixture ratios of beef
tallow and coconut oil
•No discussion on the optimal mixture ratio for specific applications
•Lack of comparison with other conventional PCMs or alternative bio-
based PCMs
•Deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms, particularly for
microencapsulation
•Development of porous supports with high thermal conductivity and
porosity for salt hydrate absorption
•Research on the synergistic use of thermal enhancers with different
dimensions
•Application of machine learning techniques for predicting variations in
phase change temperature
•Development of innovative solutions with self-healing capabilities to
address stability issues after multiple cycles
•Balancing the trade-off between fine-tuning phase change temperature
and maintaining high latent heat capacity
•Comprehensive studies on the effects of dilution on overall energy
storage density and system performance
•Limited research on the long-term performance and durability of natural
fiber hybrid composites in automotive applications
•Insufficient data on the optimal fiber ratios and processing parameters for
maximizing thermal insulation properties
•Lack of comprehensive studies comparing the performance of coir/jute
hybrid composites with other natural fiber composites and conventional
insulation materials
•Need for further investigation into the fire-resistant properties and safety
aspects of these composites for automotive use
•Limited understanding of the impact of various fiber treatments on the
thermal insulation properties of the hybrid composites
•The use of wheat husk microparticles with A 70 PCM had not been
previously investigated in the literature
•Limited volumetric latent heat storage capacity of organic PCMs
•Low thermal conductivity of organic PCMs
•High cost of organic PCMs
Common Gaps
Possible Title
Exploring the Thermal Performance of
Candelilla Wax as a Bio-Based Phase
Change Material for Building Envelopes
