RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS
+ What made El Fili ineligible for printing?
+ Why Marcelo del Pilar attacked Rizal in one of his editorials?
+ Motto of La Liga Filipina
+ Proponents of Rizal Law
+ Unnamed sequel of El Filibusterismo
+ Pacto de Sangre
+ Canal that opened in the 19th century that paved way to enlightenment ideas
+ A town that became an eye-opener for cultural minorities
+ The meaning of Rizal’s surname
+ Rizal’s pen name
+ Historians used to describe Rizal’s intermingling with other illustrados
+ Author that drove Rizal to learn more about the history of Philippines
+ Literary critic and historian who wrote several books about Riza
+ Land given by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in the Philippines
+ Illustrados means in the modern time
JOSE P. RIZAL
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
June 19, 1861
December 30, 1896
Calamba, Laguna
Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso
Ateneo Municipal de Manila: Bachelor of Arts (1877)
University of Santo Tomas: Studied Medicine (did not complete due to racial discrimination)
Universidad Central de Madrid: Degrees in Medicine and Philosophy
Paris and Heidelberg: Further studies in medicine and science
Advocated peaceful reform:
o Province of Spain
o Equal rights
o Filipino representative in Cortes Generales
Propaganda movement:
o La Solidaridad
o La Liga Filipina
JOSE P. RIZAL
Assimilation
Idealistic
Reformation
Goal: To achieve political and social reforms within the existing framework of Spanish rule. Rizal sought
to integrate the Philippines into the Spanish Empire as a province with full rights and representation for
Filipinos, believing that this approach would address injustices and improve conditions without
immediate independence.
ANDRES BONIFACIO
Independence
Realistic
Revolution
Goal: To achieve complete independence from Spanish colonial rule. Bonifacio and his followers believed
that the only way to address the deep-rooted issues of oppression and exploitation was through a radical
break from Spanish rule and the establishment of a free and sovereign nation.
RIZAL BILL
Claro M. Recto, Jose P. Laurel
It was filed on April 3, 1956
Disseminate the ideas and ideals of Jose Rizal
The Catholic church completely disagree
Mariano J. Cuenco, Francisco Rodrigo, Decoroso Rosales
Senate Bill No. 438
House Bill No. 5561
“If a student’s beliefs were to be compromised while taking the subject, then they can be
granted an exemption by the university.”
Both Senate Bill No. 438 and House Bill 5561 were approved
Commission on Higher Education is responsible in implementing the act to public and private
universities and colleges.
THE RIZAL LAW AND THE CATHOLIC HIERARCHY
RENATO CONSTANTINO
THE RIZAL LAW AND THE CATHOLIC HIERARCHY
Church Opposition
Educational Reform
Ideological Conflict
Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism
Nationalism – Identification with one’s own nation and ideals.
Patriotism – Devotion to and support for one’s country.
Volunteerism – the use or involvement of unpaid labor.
Nationalism
Example: The Propaganda Movement was led by Filipino intellectuals and reformists, including Jose Rizal,
Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano López Jaena. They sought political reform and greater autonomy for
the Philippines within the Spanish colonial system. Their writings and efforts were driven by a nationalist
desire for social and political change, including reforms in education, representation in the Spanish
Cortes, and the eradication of clerical abuses.
Nationalistic Goals: They aimed to unite Filipinos under a common national identity and pushed for
reforms that would improve the condition of their country and its people.
Patriotism
Example: Rizal’s dedication to his country was expressed through his efforts to uplift the Filipino people,
promote national pride, and foster a sense of shared identity and purpose.
How nationalism defines a nation?
Shared identity
Common ideals
Political and social unity
How patriotism defines a nation?
Emotional attachment
Civic engagement
Sense of belonging
How volunteerism defines a nation?
Active participation
Civic responsibility
Community and solidarity
SUMMARY:
Nationalism - a nation by the shared identity and ideals of its people, emphasizing collective goals and
aspirations.
Patriotism - a nation through the emotional loyalty and support of its citizens, highlighting a deep
personal connection and pride.
Volunteerism - a nation by the active involvement and contribution of its citizens to societal needs,
showcasing civic responsibility and community spirit.
Defining a Nation:
What is a NATION? It is a large body of people living together on a common ground.
What are the qualities of a nation? A nation has common descent, shared physical borders, and
a centralized government.
How is a nation formed? A nation is formed when people stand in unity with one another.
What drives the people to come together to become one? People desire for companionship and
belonging.
Why does man need a companion? Man needs someone who understands him/her.
Factors of Nation Development
Economic:
1. Capital Formation
2. Natural Resources
3. Marketable Surplus of Agriculture
4. Conditions in Foreign Trade
5. Economic System
Human:
1. Human Resource
2. Education
3. Political Freedom
4. Social Organization
5. Corruption
6. Desire for Development
What makes something a form of popular nationalism?
Cultural Practices - festivals, music, food, and clothing.
Media and Popular Culture – Films, music, literature, and other forms of media that reflect
national themes.
Symbols and icons – flags, national monuments, and patriotic colors.
Shared experiences – national sports events, celebrating holidays.
Rizal and Nationalism: Defining the terms
Popular Nationalism – Places emphasis on daily attitudes for people.
Underside – Less desirable part or aspect
- Unknown part or aspect
Underside of Filipino nationalism
• Ethnic and Cultural Exclusion
• Partisan Politics
• Authoritarianism
• Cultural Uniformity
