Lattice Diamond 3.

14 Tutorial

October 15, 2024

 Copyright
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Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 2

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Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 3

 Contents

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 6

About the Tutorial 6
Task 1: Create a New Lattice Diamond Project 9
Task 2: Create an IPexpress Module 14
Task 3: Verify Functionality with Simulation 16
Starting a Simulation Run 17
Checking the Simulation Results 18
Rerunning the Simulation 20
Task 4: Inspect Strategy Settings 21
Task 5: Examine Resources 22
Task 6: Run Synthesis Process 24
Task 7: Set Timing and Location Assignments 25
Task 8: Running Place and Route 28
Task 9: Examine Static Timing Analysis Results 30
Task 10: Adjust Static Timing Constraints and Review Results 32
Task 11: Analyze Power Consumption 33
Task 12: Run Export Utility Programs 35
Task 13: Download a Bitstream to an FPGA 35
Task 14: Add On-Chip Debug Logic 37
Setting Up the Trigger Units 38
Setting Up the Trigger Expressions 39
Inserting the Debug Logic 40
Generating a Bitstream and Programming the FPGA 40
Task 15: Perform Logic Analysis 41
Creating a New Reveal Logic Analyzer Project 41
Running Logic Analyzer 43
Summary of Accomplishments 44
Recommended References 45

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 4

 CONTENTS

Revision History 46

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 5

 Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial

This tutorial leads you through all the basic steps of designing and
implementing a mixed VHDL and Verilog design targeted to the MachXO3L
device family. It shows you how to use several processes, tools, and reports
from the Lattice Diamond™ software to import sources, run design analysis,
view design hierarchy, and inspect strategy settings. The tutorial then
proceeds to step through the processes of examining the device resources,
setting timing and location assignments, programming the device, and adding
a logic analyzer to the design.

About the Tutorial

When you have completed this tutorial, you should be able to do the following:
 Create a new Lattice Diamond project.
 Create an IPexpress module.
 Verify functionality with simulation.
 Inspect strategy settings.
 Examine resources.
 Set timing and location assignments.
 Process the design.
 Examine static timing analysis results.
 Analyze power consumption.
 Run export utility programs.
 Download a bitstream to an FPGA.
 Use Reveal Inserter to add on-chip debug logic.
 Use Reveal Logic Analyzer to perform logic analysis.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 6

 About the Tutorial

Time to Complete This Tutorial

About 90 minutes.

You can stop at the end of any task and restart at the beginning of the next
task. When you restart the Diamond software, it shows a Recent Projects list.
Just click the name of your project.

System Requirements

You need:
 Lattice Diamond software, version 3.14, free or subscription version
To download Diamond software, go to:
http://www.latticesemi.com/Products/DesignSoftwareAndIP/
FPGAandLDS/LatticeDiamond.aspx
 MachXO3L Starter Kit (Optional)
Many of the tasks in this tutorial can be performed without an actual
MachXO3L Starter Kit, but the low-cost MachXO3L Starter Kit is
recommended to perform all of the tasks in this tutorial.
To purchase a MachXO3L Starter Kit, go to:
http://http://www.latticesemi.com/en/Products/
DevelopmentBoardsAndKits/MachXO3LStarterKit.aspx

Online Help

You can find additional information on any tool included in the tutorial at any
time by choosing Help > Lattice Diamond Help or Help > <tool name>. The
Help also provides easy access to many other information sources.

About the Tutorial Design

The design in this tutorial consists of four Verilog HDL modules and two VHDL
modules. The design that you create is targeted to the MachXO3L device
family.
Figure 1 illustrates the tutorial data flow through the system. You may find it
helpful to refer to this diagram as you move through the tutorial tasks.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 7

 About the Tutorial

Figure 1: Tutorial Data Flow

Create Project

Verilog VHDL Testbench

Files Files File
Mentor ModelSim Lattice Edition

Perform Functional Simulation

Create a Lattice IP Add Signals

Examine Module
Resources
IPexpress
Waveform Viewer
Synthesize
Design

Inspect Strategy
Settings

Translate and
Map Design

Set Timing and Location

Assignments

Place & Route Analyze power

Design Consumption

Adjust Static Timing

Generate View Post Place and
Constraints and Review
Bitstream Route Results
Results

Download Bitstream with

.bit file
Programmer

Add On-chip Run/Debug Hardware on

Reveal Inserter Board with Reveal Analyzer
Debug Logic

Improve Hardware
Reveal Inserter/Analyzer

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 8

 Create a New Lattice Diamond Project

Task 1: Create a New Lattice Diamond Project

Projects are used to manage input files, preferences, and optimization options
related to an FPGA implementation. While there are a number of tasks you
can perform independent of a project, most designs start with creating a new
project.

Note
Some of the screen captures in this tutorial may have been taken from a version of
Lattice Diamond that differs from the one you are using. There may be slight
differences in the graphical user interface (GUI), but the software functions the same.

To create a new project:

1. Do one of the following depending on your operating system:
 From your Windows desktop, go to the Start menu and choose
Lattice Diamond > Lattice Diamond.
 From your Linux platform shell window or C-shell window, execute:
<install_path>/bin/lin/diamond
The main window of Lattice Diamond appears, as shown in Figure 2. This
will take a few moments.

Figure 2: Diamond Main Window

The initial layout provides the Start Page, which provides a list of common
project actions like Open to open a pre-existing project and New to run
the New Project wizard. Links in the right pane of the Start Page provide
access to user guides, reference material, and online resources available
from www.latticesemi.com.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 9

 Create a New Lattice Diamond Project

For almost all questions, the place to start is the Lattice Diamond Help. It
describes the FPGA design flow using Diamond, the libraries of logic
design elements, and the details of the Diamond design tools. The Help
also provides easy access to many other information sources. The Help
can be accessed from Help > Lattice Diamond Help.
2. Open a new project in one of the following ways:
 In the Start Page, under Project, click New.
 Choose File > New > Project.
 In the toolbar, click the down arrow in the New button and then
choose Project.
The New Project wizard opens.
3. Click Next.
The Project Name page opens.
4. Specify the project name: LEDtest.

Note
File names for Diamond projects and project source files must start with a
letter (A-Z, a-z) and must contain only alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z,
0-9) and underscores (_).

5. Click Browse. In the Project Location dialog box, browse to where you
want to store the project’s files, such as C:/my_diamond_tutorial, as
shown in Figure 3. Click Select Folder.
6. Specify the implementation name: LEDtest.
The directory to store the implementation is automatically displayed in the
Location box. We will talk about creating a new implementation later in
this tutorial.

Figure 3: New Project Window

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 10

 Create a New Lattice Diamond Project

7. Click Next.
The Add Source dialog box appears.
8. Click Add Source.
The Import File dialog box appears.
9. Browse to: <diamond_install_directory>/docs/tutorial/Diamond_tutorial.
10. Select the following files (you can use Control+A):
 count8.vhd
 count32.v
 testbench.v
 topcount.v
 typepackage.vhd
Click Open.
The Add Source step of the Wizard appears with all the selected source
files added.
11. Select Copy source to implementation directory.
12. Click Next.
The Device Selector dialog box appears.
13. Select the following device options:
 Family: MachXO3L
 Device: LCMXO3L-6900C
 Performance grade: 5
 Package type: CABGA256
 Operating conditions: Commercial
Part Names, at the bottom, changes as you make selections.
The dialog box should resemble Figure 4.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 11

 Create a New Lattice Diamond Project

Figure 4: New Project Wizard Device Selector Dialog Box

14. Click Next.

The Select Synthesis Tool dialog box opens.
15. Choose Synplify Pro.
16. Click Next.
The Project Information dialog box appears. The project information
includes project name, location, implementation name, device, synthesis
tool, and import source.
17. Click Finish.
The File List and Process views are populated and the Reports view
appears.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 12

 Create a New Lattice Diamond Project

The File List view displays the components of the project. The imported
VHDL and Verilog files appear in the Input Files folder in the File List view.
The File List view organizes project files by categories: Strategies, and
Implementation including Input Files, Constraint Files, Debug Files, Script
Files, and Analysis Files. You may adjust file order by dragging and
dropping filenames in the list. Properties of each file are accessed by
right-clicking the file and selecting Properties from the pop-up menu.

Note
You can also see Area, I/O Assistant, Quick, and Timing listed in the Strategies
folder in the File List view. These are predefined strategies supplied by Lattice
Semiconductor that solve particular design requirements. For details of these
predefined strategies, refer to the Diamond Help.

When you create a new project in Diamond, a logical preference file (.lpf)
is automatically generated and assigned the same name as the FPGA
project.
For this tutorial, a logical preference file named pin_assignments.lpf is
provided and contains all the pin assignments needed to program this
design project onto the MachXO3L FPGA. All changes that you make to
logical constraints will be saved in this file until you create a new logical
preference file or add another existing one.
18. In the File List, right-click LPF Constraint Files and choose Add >
Existing File.
The Add Existing File dialog box appears.
19. Navigate to <diamond_install_directory>/docs/tutorial/Diamond_tutorial
and select pin_assignments.lpf.
Select Copy file to Implementation’s Source directory and click Add.
20. In the File List view, right-click pin_assignments.lpf and choose Set as
Active Preference File.
21. Under Input Files, right-click testbench.v and choose Include for >
Simulation.

The Process view, shown in Figure 5, lists all the processes available, such
as Synthesize Design, Translate Design, Map Design, Place & Route Design,
and Export Files.

The Reports view allows you to examine and print process reports. There are
two panes in the Reports view. The left pane lists the reports. The right pane
displays the reports.

Log messages are displayed in the Output frame of the Diamond main
window.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 13

 Create an IPexpress Module

Figure 5: Process View and Reports View

Process View Reports View Output frame

Task 2: Create an IPexpress Module

IPexpress is an easy way to use a collection of modules from Lattice
Semiconductor. With IPexpress, these modules can be extensively
customized. They can be created as part of a specific project or as a library
for multiple projects.

In this task, you will generate a phase lock loop (PLL) module to import into
your design.

To generate and import a module with IPexpress:

1. Choose Tools > IPexpress.
The IPexpress tool appears.
2. In the left pane, under Module > Architechture_Modules, select PLL.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 14

 Create an IPexpress Module

3. In the Configuration tab, all information is filled in from the design project
except for File Name and Module Output. For this tutorial:
 Enter my_pll as the File Name.
 Choose Verilog as the Module Output.
IPexpress should appear similar to Figure 6.

Figure 6: New Project Wizard Device Selector Dialog Box

4. Click Customize.
The Lattice FPGA Module — PLL dialog box appears.
5. In the Configuration tab:
 Select Frequency Mode.
 For CLKI Frequency, enter 20.
 For CLKOP Desired Frequency, enter 80.
 For CLKOP Tolerance, choose 1.0.
 Select Provide PLL Lock signal.
6. Click Calculate.
7. Select Import IPX to Diamond project.
8. Click Generate.
The IPexpress .ipx file is generated.
9. The Generated Log tab appears, as shown in Figure 7.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 15

 Verify Functionality with Simulation

Figure 7: IPexpress Generated Log Tab

10. Click Close.

The my_pll.ipx file appears in the File List view under Input Files.
11. Close IPexpress by clicking the red X in the tab.

Task 3: Verify Functionality with Simulation

Now that the design is finished, you can simulate it to test the logic. With
Diamond, you can run a simulation at different stages of the development
process:
 Before synthesis (RTL)
 Post-map, gate-level
 Post-route, gate-level and timing

In this tutorial, we will just do the RTL simulation. For the other stages, the
process is similar.

For a simulator, this tutorial uses the Mentor® ModelSim® Lattice FPGA
Edition simulator that comes with Diamond on Windows.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 16

 Verify Functionality with Simulation

If you are not using an HDL simulator that is integrated with Diamond, you can
skip this task. “Integrated” means that you can run the simulator from
Diamond. What is available depends on your operating system. You can use
other simulators outside of Diamond.

If you are not using the ModelSim that comes with Diamond, you need to
compile the primitive library. For instructions, open the Diamond Help and see
User Guides > Simulating the Design > Third-Party Simulators.

This tutorial comes with a simple testbench. You will probably create your
own testbenches using your simulator. Simulators usually include tools for
creating testbenches.

Starting a Simulation Run

While you can start your simulator directly, it is good to create a simulator
project that allows you to run the simulator from Diamond.

To start simulating the design:

1. Choose Tools > Simulation Wizard.
The Simulation Wizard dialog box appears.
2. Click Next.
The Simulator Project Name page appears.
3. Enter the Project name: sim_test.
Make sure ModelSim is selected for Simulator.
4. Click Next.
5. If you left the default for the project location, a dialog box opens saying,
“sim_test does not exist. Do you want to create it?” Click Yes. This
creates a sim_test folder.
The Process Stage page appears with RTL selected.
6. Click Next.
The Add and Reorder Source page appears.
7. In the Source Files list, select typepackage.vhd. Then click the up
arrow until typepackage.vhd is at the top of the list.
ModelSim does not automatically reorder VHDL files. Similarly,
SystemVerilog packages need to be placed in the proper order for the
compiler.
8. Click Next.
The Parse HDL files for simulation page appears.
9. Verify that the simulation top module is “testbench.” This is shown at the
bottom of the dialog box. Click Next.
The Summary dialog box appears.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 17

 Verify Functionality with Simulation

10. Make sure that the Run simulator, Add top-level signals to waveform
display, and Run simulation options are all selected.
11. Click Finish.
The selected simulator launches and the simulation starts automatically.
After completing the simulation, the waveform appears. This takes several
moments. Wait for the waveform to appear.
If you see the Welcome to ModelSim dialog box, select Don’t show this
again, at the bottom of the dialog box, and click Close. Do not click
Jumpstart.
12. Look at the File List view in the Diamond window. Under Script Files, you
see sim_test/sim_test.spf.

You can rerun the simulation by double-clicking the .spf file. The Simulation
Wizard will open with a Skip to End button. Click it to jump to the last page of
the wizard. Then click Finish to start the simulation running.

Checking the Simulation Results

Note
If you are not using ModelSim Lattice FPGA Edition, you can skip the rest of the
simulator task.

Now that you have run the simulation, you can see what happened on the top-
level signals of the testbench as shown in Figure 8. ModelSim stopped
automatically after the first microsecond of simulation time. The testbench is
set to run longer, over 5 µs, but this is enough to see the startup.

To check the simulation results:

1. If you want to expand the Wave view, do one of the following:
 Expand the ModelSim window.
 Undock the Wave view. Click the Dock/Undock button that is in the
upper-right corner of the Wave view. Then expand the Wave window.
2. To make other adjustments to the Wave view, choose Simulate >
Runtime Options in the main ModelSim window.
The Runtime Options dialog box opens showing a variety of options that
you can set.
3. Make the following changes in the Defaults tab:
 For Default Radix, select Hexadecimal. This is how the values of
signals are normally displayed.
 For Default Run, enter 100ns. This is the amount of time that the Run
command simulates.
4. Click OK.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 18

 Verify Functionality with Simulation

Figure 8: Simulated Waveform

The values shown in the Objects and Wave views change to hexadecimal.
5. Choose Wave > Zoom > Zoom Full or click the Zoom Full button in
the toolbar to see the whole waveform. The Zoom toolbar looks like this:

In the Wave view, you see the reset signal activated by the testbench.
After reset is released, count2 and count3 start counting up.
6. The values of count2 may not be visible. Click the Zoom In button in
the toolbar until you can see the values.
7. Choose Simulate > Run > Run 100 or click the Run button to see
more of the simulation. The Run toolbar looks like this:

Another 100 ns is added to the waveforms. This is the time you set in the
Runtime Options dialog box. You can change this amount in the box next
to the Run button.
8. Click anywhere to see what the values are at that moment.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 19

 Verify Functionality with Simulation

The nearest cursor (a vertical yellow line) jumps to where you clicked. The
value column shows all the values at that moment.
You can click on the cursor and drag it to other positions on the timeline.
You can also return to the cursor after scrolling away by clicking the Zoom
In on Active Cursor button.

Rerunning the Simulation

In ModelSim, you can make changes in the simulation and rerun it. For
example, you can add more signals.

To add a signal and rerun the simulation:

1. In the List View, click the sim tab (also known as the Structure View), and
expand: testbench > topcount_inst
2. Click on counter1.
The Objects view changes.
3. Drag countbi from the Objects view to the Wave view.
4. Rerun the simulation to see what is happening with the countbi register.
Choose Simulate > Restart or click the Restart button.
The Restart dialog box opens with a variety of features that you might
have changed. You can leave them all selected.
5. Click OK.
The waveforms in the Wave view disappear.
6. Then choose Simulate > Run > Run -All or click the Run -All button.
The Finish Vsim dialog box opens. It asks if you want to finish.
7. Click No.

Warning
Do not click Yes. If you do, the $finish statement in the testbench causes
ModelSim to exit.
If this happens, go to the File List view in the Radiant window and look under the
Script Files folder. Double-click sim_test/sim_test.spf to restart ModelSim.

ModelSim’s source editor opens with the testbench.v file.

8. Close testbench.v to see the Wave view. You can now see the full 5 µs.
9. You can take this opportunity to explore ModelSim more.
There is a lot more that you can do with ModelSim. For more information,
see the Help menu in the ModelSim window.
10. When you are done exploring ModelSim, choose File > Quit to close
ModelSim.
The Quit Vsim dialog box opens.
11. Click Yes.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 20

 Inspect Strategy Settings

Task 4: Inspect Strategy Settings

Implementations define the design structural elements for a project, including
source code, constraint files, and debug insertion. Implementations contain all
source files, constraint files, debug files, scripts, and analysis files. Source
can mix VHDL, Verilog, and EDIF. Files can be referenced or included in the
implementation. Referenced files can be shared between implementations.

A strategy is a collection of settings for controlling the different stages of the

implementation process (synthesis, map, place and route, and so on).
Strategies can control whether the design is optimized for area or speed, how
long place and route takes, and many other factors. Diamond provides a
default strategy, which may be a good collection to start with, and some
variations that you can try. You can modify Strategy1, shown in Figure 9, and
create other strategies to experiment with or to use in different circumstances.
Predefined strategies can also be cloned and then modified.

Figure 9: Implementations and Strategies

Active Strategy

Active Implementation

To adjust synthesis settings:

1. From the File List view, double-click Strategy1.
The Strategies — Strategy1 dialog box, shown in Figure 10, appears.
2. Click Synthesize Design > Synplify Pro.
A set of default global synthesis timing constraints and optimization
settings appears in the panel. Synopsys® Synplify Pro® settings are
displayed as the default in the dialog box.
For information on FPGA Design Constraints File (.fdc) use in Synplify
Pro, see the Synplify Pro for Lattice Reference Manual in the Synplify Pro
Help menu.
3. Click Number of Critical Paths and enter 10 in the Value column.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 21

 Examine Resources

Figure 10: Strategies -- Strategy 1

When each strategy is selected, descriptive text appears in the lower

panel of the dialog box. Changed values are shown in italics.
3. Click OK. Global synthesis options are now set for the design.

Task 5: Examine Resources

Diamond provides visualization tools to help you understand and document
the physical resources of the target device and the utilization of resources.
You can browse and locate device features independent of the project’s
source files. After synthesis, you can view the calculated resource utilization.

To browse device resources:

1. Choose Tools > Device View.
The Device View appears.
2. Click the Detach Tool button in the upper-right corner of the Device
View tab to make it a separate window.
An index of the physical resources of the target device appears.
3. Expand the Device MachXO3L folder.
Several folders organized by feature type appear.
4. Expand the sysDSP Blocks and sysMEM Blocks folders.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 22

 Examine Resources

5. In the Find box at the top of the Device View, enter EBR_R13C21
(Embedded Block RAM Row 13, Column 21).
The EBR design symbol is highlighted, as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: Device View

6. Right-click EBR_R13C21 and choose Show in > Floorplan View.

Floorplan View, shown in Figure 12, provides a large-component layout of
your design. It displays user constraints from the logical preference file
(.lpf), and placement and routing information.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 23

 Run Synthesis Process

Figure 12: Floorplan View

7. Close Floorplan View and Device View.

Task 6: Run Synthesis Process

Synthesis is the process of translating a register-transfer-level design into a
process-specific, gate-level netlist that is optimized for Lattice Semiconductor
FPGAs. Diamond can be used with almost any synthesis tool. Diamond
comes with two tools fully integrated: Synopsys Synplify Pro for Lattice and
Lattice Synthesis Engine (LSE). “Fully integrated” means that you can set
options and run synthesis entirely from within Diamond.

You will be using Synopsis Synplify Pro for Lattice to synthesize your design
for the MachXO3L FPGA. If you are designing for most devices, you can use
Lattice Synthesis Engine or another third-party synthesis tool instead of
Synplify Pro for Lattice. LSE is not available with LatticeEC, LatticeECP,
LatticeSC/M, or LatticeXP. To change the synthesis tool, from the Diamond
main window, choose Project > Active Implementation > Select Synthesis
Tool.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 24

 Set Timing and Location Assignments

To synthesize the design and examine resource utilization:

1. In the Process view, double-click Synthesize Design.
When finished, check the icon next to Synthesize Design in the Process
frame. A green check mark indicates success; a yellow triangle
indicates success with warnings; a red X indicates failure.
2. Click the Hierarchy---Post Synthesis Resources tab, as shown in
Figure 13.

Figure 13: Post Synthesis Resources

The post-synthesis Hierarchy View displays the number of logical resources

within each level of the design.

In the Hierarchy table shown in Figure 13, topcount is the top module
displaying the resource utilization.
 PFU Registers – 48 represents the total PFU register utilization
throughout the design and 0 represents the PFU registers used only in the
design module topcount. Similar utilization is shown for the I/O registers
and carry cells.
 my_pll_uniq_1, count8_uniq_0, and count32_uniq_1 are the sub-modules
(instances) of the design. For example, for the sub-module
count32_uniq_1, 32(32) under PFU Registers represents the total PFU
registers used in the sub-module.

Hence, the total number of logic resources (adding the resources from the
individual module) is reflected in the top level module topcount.

Task 7: Set Timing and Location Assignments

Timing and location assignments constrain logic synthesis, as well as back-
end map and place and route programs to help meet your design
requirements. A well-constrained design helps optimization algorithms work
as efficiently as possible. In this section, you will set default timing constraints
for the operating frequency and I/O timing.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 25

 Set Timing and Location Assignments

To set timing and location assignments:

1. In the Process view, double-click Translate Design.
Many of the functions available to create preferences require the
translated design.
2. Choose Tools > Spreadsheet View.
Spreadsheet View appears. Spreadsheet View is one of several
preference editors available to you to define timing, I/O, and floorplan
constraints for the place and route tools. Preferences are organized by
type into separate tabs of Spreadsheet View.
3. Click the Detach Tool button at the upper-right corner of Spreadsheet
View.
Spreadsheet View is detached from the Diamond main window.
4. Click the PERIOD/FREQUENCY Preference button on the
Spreadsheet View tool bar.
The PERIOD/FREQUENCY Preference dialog box appears.
5. Enter the following preference settings:
Type: FREQUENCY
Second Type: Net
Available Clock Nets: CLKOP
Frequency: 80
6. Click OK.
The Timing Preferences tab of Spreadsheet View appears with the new
FREQUENCY preference defined.
7. Click the INPUT_SETUP/CLOCK_TO_OUT Preference button on the
Spreadsheet View toolbar.
The INPUT_SETUP/CLOCK_TO_OUT Preference dialog box appears.
8. Enter the following preference settings:
Type: INPUT_SETUP
Second Type: All ports
Clock Ports/Nets: clk
Time: 50
Hold time: 12
9. Click OK.
The Timing Preferences tab of the Spreadsheet View appears with the
new INPUT_SETUP preference defined. You can define preferences in
the relevant preference dialog box.
10. In the Timing Preferences tab, right-click INPUT_SETUP and choose
New INPUT_SETUP.
The INPUT_SETUP/CLOCK_TO_OUTPUT Preference dialog box
appears.

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 Set Timing and Location Assignments

11. Enter the following settings:

Type: INPUT_SETUP
Second Type: Individual Ports
Available Input Ports: reset
Clock Ports/Nets; clk
Time: 50
12. Click OK.
The Timing Preferences tab of the Spreadsheet View appears, as shown
in Figure 14, with the new INPUT_SETUP preference defined.
The preference dialog box can be invoked from the toolbar icon, the menu
item (Edit > Preference from the Spreadsheet View), or from the right-click
menu of the Spreadsheet View. You can also double-click on a value in
Timing Preferences tab and edit the value directly.

Figure 14: Spreadsheet View

13. Select the Port Assignments tab from the Spreadsheet View.
This tab shows the port assignments that came with the
pin_assignments.lpf file and specifications for each port. You could make
changes here if you needed to.
14. Choose File > Save pin_assignments.lpf from the Spreadsheet View.
15. Close Spreadsheet View.

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 Running Place and Route

16. In the File List view, under the LPF Constraint Files folder, double-click
pin_assignments.lpf.
Source Editor appears. Note the timing and location preferences defined.
17. Close Source Editor.
18. In the Process view, double-click Map Design.
The batch interface to logic synthesis, EDIF translation, and the design
mapper run. Report files appears in the Reports view. To view each
process report, select the process in the Design Summary pane.
19. From the Design Summary pane of the Reports view, select Process
Reports > Map.
The Map Report appears in the right pane.
20. Right-click in the right pane of the Reports view.
21. Choose Find in Text.
A box labeled “Find” appears at the bottom of the Reports view.
22. In the Find box, enter Design Summary.
The report highlights the Design Summary section of the report.

In the Design Summary pane, there is the report icon . If a report has been
generated, the icon appears as . If the report is not the most recent version,
the icon appears as . To view the contents of the entire report, click on the
report to be viewed. The entire report is then displayed in the right pane of the
Reports view. Use the scroll bar to navigate through the report. Some of the
reports are divided into sections (for example, Map, Place & Route, and
Signal/Pad). Click the arrow before the report name to display the sections in
a list. Choose the desired section. The whole report will be displayed with the
selected section displayed at the top of the right pane of the Reports view.

Task 8: Running Place and Route

Use the Process view to run the Translate Design, Map Design, and Place &
Route Design process stages.

To run place and route:

1. In the Process view, double-click Place & Route Design.
The place and route tools run. Intermediate results appear in the Output
pane of the Diamond main window.
2. From the Design Summary pane of the Reports view, find the Process
Reports section. You will find a green check mark appears before the
reports generated successfully. Expand the Process Reports section.
Select Place & Route.
Details about Place & Route appear in the right pane of the Reports view.
3. In the Process view, double-click Place & Route Trace.
The TRACE timing analyzer runs.

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 Running Place and Route

4. In the Design Summary pane of the Reports view, expand Analysis

Reports, and then select Place & Route Trace.
The Place & Route Trace Report appears in the right pane of the Reports
view.
5. In the Process view, double-click I/O Timing Analysis.
The timing analysis runs.
6. In the Design Summary pane of the Reports view, select the I/O Timing
Analysis report.
The I/O Timing Report appears in the right pane of the Reports view.
7. Choose Tools > Physical View.
The Physical View appears, shown in Figure 15. Physical View provides a
read-only detailed layout of your design that includes switch boxes and
physical wire connections.

Figure 15: Physical View

8. To zoom into a component:

a. Magnify the surrounding area by clicking and dragging a box around it
from left to right.
b. Click the component.
c. Click the Zoom To button.
9. Right-click on the component and choose Show in > Floorplan View.
Floorplan View appears.
10. To auto cross-probe between Floorplan and Physical Views, ensure both
views are attached to the Diamond main window and then right-click on
the Floorplan View tab and choose Split Tab Group.
The two views display in parallel, as shown in Figure 16.
When both Floorplan View and Physical View are open, an item that you
select in one of these views is automatically selected in the other. Auto
cross-probing is especially useful for immediately examining connections
in both views.

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 Examine Static Timing Analysis Results

Figure 16: Cross Probing

11. Right-click on the Floorplan View tab and choose Move to Another Tab
Group.
Now both tabs are merged into a single group as before.
12. Close Floorplan View and Physical View.

Task 9: Examine Static Timing Analysis Results

Static Timing Analysis (STA) can determine if your circuit design meets timing
constraints. Rather than simulation, STA employs conservative modeling of
gate and interconnect delays that reflect different ranges of operating
conditions on various dies, providing complete verification coverage.
In this task, you will view the results of the Static Timing Analysis and then
use the Timing Analysis view to enter clock jitter values.

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 Examine Static Timing Analysis Results

To examine timing analysis results:

1. Choose Tools > Timing Analysis View.
Timing Analysis View appears. A summary of the post-route Static Timing
Analysis settings such as target device information, preference file,
performance grade, and environment conditions appear in the upper-left
pane. The lower-left pane provides an index of the available analysis
results. Related timing preferences appear in each analysis section.
2. Click the Detach Tool button in the upper-right corner.
The Timing Analysis view is detached from the Diamond main window.
3. From the Preference Reports tab (on the lower-left of Timing Analysis
View), click FREQUENCY NET "CLKOP" (either one).
Path Table in the upper-right of Timing Analysis View is populated with
Source, Destination, Weighted Slack, Arrival, Required, Data Delay,
Route%, Levels, and other details.
4. Select row 1 of the Path Table.
The three tabs in the lower-right pane are populated with details.
5. Click the Detailed Path Tables tab, then click the Data Path Details tab.
Each component of the data path delay is identified, alternating between
route delays and combinatorial or clock-to-output type delays.
6. Click the Schematic Path View tab.
A schematic of the data path timing path appears.
7. Close Timing Analysis View.
Diamond allows you to specify the peak-to-peak system jitter for timing
analysis. When not used, a default value of 0 is used for all analysis.
System jitter affects all clocks in the design.
8. To enter system jitter values, choose Tools > Spreadsheet View.
Click the Global Preferences tab.
9. In the Global Preferences tab, double-click the Preference Value for
SYSTEM_JITTER(ns). Enter 0.1 in the box.
10. Close Spreadsheet View.
The Confirm dialog box appears asking if you want save the change.
11. Click Discard.

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 Adjust Static Timing Constraints and Review Results

Task 10: Adjust Static Timing Constraints and

Review Results
In this task, you will edit timing constraints for STA (Static Timing Analysis)
using the Timing Preference File (TPF) version of Spreadsheet View, and then
you will use Timing Analysis View to review the results.
Timing analysis within Lattice Diamond can be performed at four points in a
typical design flow: post-synthesis, post-map when the post-synthesis netlist
of the design has been translated to the target device, post-placement, and
post-route. Each stage provides a progressively more accurate report of delay
characteristics. Timing analysis at the synthesis stage is performed by the
respective synthesis tool: Synplify Pro or Precision. Diamond provides
additional features for post-map stages of STA.
By default, the timing analysis engine, TRACE, uses those timing constraints
applied by timing-driven map, place, and route. However, you can modify
timing preferences to manage the timing objectives of the implementation
tools independent of Static Timing Analysis. To accommodate an
experimental Static Timing Analysis loop, the TPF Spreadsheet View allows
you to edit the timing preferences for use with the Timing Analysis view. This
allows you to establish modified or additional timing preferences independent
of the constraints used for MPAR.

To tighten the timing objective of a preference and examine the results:

1. Choose Tools > Timing Analysis View.
The Timing Analysis View appears.
2. Click the Change timing preferences button.
Spreadsheet View – TPF appears.
3. Click the Timing Preferences tab.
4. Scroll down to INPUT SETUP > ALLPORTS CLKPORT "clk" > Time.
5. Double-click the Preference Value for the Time row and enter 15, as
shown in Figure 17.

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 Analyze Power Consumption

Figure 17: Spreadsheet View

The Update button on the toolbar of Timing Analysis View is rotating.

6. Click the Update button.
After a short while, the indicator stops rotating and the new analysis
results become available. In the title bar of Timing Analysis View,
“Untitled” appears with an asterisk, which indicates an in-memory change
to the timing preferences. You can save the change to a Timing
Preference File (.tpf) by choosing File > Save Untitled As, giving it a name
and location. The .tpf file will then appear in the Analysis Files folder of the
File List pane. These .tpf files enable you to experiment with different
timing settings without affecting the .lpf source file. For more information,
see Analyzing Static Timing > Using Timing Analysis View in the Diamond
Help.
7. Close Timing Analysis View. Spreadsheet View – TPF closes
automatically.

Task 11: Analyze Power Consumption

Included with the Diamond software is Power Calculator, which estimates the
power dissipation for a given design. Power Calculator uses parameters such
as voltage, temperature, process variations, air flow, heat sink, resource
utilization, activity, and frequency to calculate the device’s static and dynamic
power consumption.

To analyze power consumption:

1. Choose Tools > Power Calculator.
Power Calculator opens in Calculation mode.
Power Calculator provides two modes for reporting power consumption:

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 Analyze Power Consumption

 Estimation Mode: Power Calculator provides estimates of power

consumption based on the device resources or template that you
provide. This mode enables you to estimate the power consumption
for your design before the design is complete or even started.
 Calculation Mode: Power Calculator calculates power consumption on
the basis of device resources taken from a design’s .ncd file, or from
an external file such as a value change dump (.vcd) file, after
placement and routing. This mode is intended for accurate calculation
of power consumption, because it is based on the actual device
utilization.
Editing data in white cells, such as voltage, frequency, activity factor, and
thermal data, does not change mode. Editing data in blue cells, such as
design data, will change calculation mode to estimation mode.
2. Click the Detach Tool button in the upper-right corner to detach Power
Calculator from the Diamond main window, as shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18: Power Calculator

3. In the Device Power Parameters section, for Process Type, choose

Worst.
4. Click the Thermal Profile button in the Environment section.
The Power Calculator – Thermal Profile dialog box appears.

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 Run Export Utility Programs

5. In the Board Selection section, choose Small board.

6. Click OK.
After a short while the new power analysis results become available in the
Power summary tab.
In the title bar of Power Calculator, “Untitled” appears with an asterisk,
which indicates an in-memory change to the timing preferences. You can
save the change to a Power Calculator File (.pcf) by choosing File > Save
File As, and giving it a name and location. The .pcf file will then appear in
the Analysis Files folder of the File List Pane. These .pcf files enable you
to experiment with Power Analysis settings without affecting the .lpf
source file.
7. Close Power Calculator.
The Confirm dialog box appears asking if you want to save changes.
8. Click No.

Task 12: Run Export Utility Programs

Use the Process view to generate files for exporting. One of the files exported
will be a bitstream file (.bit) which will be used to program a MachXO3L device
in the next task.

To run Export Files:

1. In the Process view, under Export Files, select:
 IBIS Model
 VHDL Simulation File
 Bitstream File
2. Click Export Files.
3. Click the Run button on the Diamond toolbar.
Diamond generates the selected files and saves them in your project
directory.

Task 13: Download a Bitstream to an FPGA

In the previous section, you generated export files including a bitstream file
(.bit). In this section, you will use Diamond Programmer to download a
bitstream to a MachXO3L FPGA mounted on a MachXO3L Starter Kit board.

Note
If you do not have a MachXO3L Starter Kit, skip this task.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 35

 Download a Bitstream to an FPGA

To download the bitstream to the FPGA:

1. Connect the USB cable (included with the Starter Kit) from your computer
to the board.
On the board, the blue power light should turn on and the red LEDs
should be blinking a pattern. The pattern depends on how the board’s DIP
switch is set.
2. Choose Tools > Programmer.
The Programmer: Getting Started dialog box opens.
3. In the dialog box, select Create a new project from a JTAG scan.
4. Click Detect Cable.
The Cable and Port boxes should automatically change to show the
connection to your board. If you see the Programmer: Multiple Cables
Detected dialog box, select the correct port and click OK.
5. Click OK.
Programmer scans the device database, and then the Programmer view
displays in Diamond. This will take a few moments.
6. In Programmer, click anywhere in the first row.
7. Choose Edit > Device Properties.
The Device Properties dialog box opens.
8. Choose the following settings:
 Access Mode: Static RAM Cell Mode
 Operation: SRAM Fast Configuration
 Programming File: <project_folder>/LEDtest/LEDTest_LEDTest.bit.
The dialog box should resemble Figure 19.

Figure 19: Device Properties Dialog Box

9. Click OK.
10. Click the Program button on the Programmer toolbar to initiate the
download.

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 Add On-Chip Debug Logic

If the programming process succeeds, you will see a green-shaded PASS

in the Programmer Status column. On the board, the red LEDs switch to a
counting pattern.
11. Toggle DIP switch 1 to reverse the counting pattern. DIP switch 1 is the
switch furthest from the LEDs.
12. In Diamond, choose File > Save LEDtest.xcf.
13. Close Programmer and unplug the board’s USB cable.

Task 14: Add On-Chip Debug Logic

In this task, you will use Reveal Inserter to configure a Reveal core based on
triggering conditions and the desired trace buffer. The primary output of
Reveal Inserter is a modified version of your design with one or more cores
instantiated and the core logic ready for mapping, placement, and routing.

To generate and add a Reveal core:

1. Choose Tools > Reveal Inserter.
2. Click the Detach Tool button in the upper-right corner to detach Reveal
Inserter.
Reveal Inserter is detached from the Diamond main window.
3. Click on the Trace Signal Setup tab, if it is not already selected.
4. In the Design Tree pane, expand counter1(count8_uniq_0) and drag the
countai[7:0] bus to the Trace Data pane on the right.
The name of the bus now appears in bold font in the Design Tree pane.
5. Right-click the created trace bus and choose Rename Trace Bus. Name
the bus countai.
6. Select the Include Trigger Signals in Trace Data option.
7. Drag the clk signal from the Design Tree pane to the Sample Clock box,
or type counter1/clk in the Sample Clock box.
8. For Buffer Depth box, choose 1024.
9. Set Data Capture Mode to Multiple Trigger Capture and Minimum
Samples Per Trigger to 32.
The Trace Signal Setup tab should now resemble Figure 20.

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 Add On-Chip Debug Logic

Figure 20: Trace Signal Setup Tab

Setting Up the Trigger Units

You will set up the trigger units in the Trigger Unit section of the Trigger Signal
Setup tab.

To set up the trigger units:

1. Click on the Trigger Signal Setup tab.
One line appears in the Trigger Unit section of the tab with a default name
of TU1.
2. Click the TU1 name in the Name box, and enter countbi.
3. Drag the countbi[7:0] bus from under counter1(count8_uniq_0) in the
Design Tree pane to the Signals (MSB:LSB) box in the Trigger Unit
section.
4. In the Operator box of the trigger unit, choose <=.
5. In the Radix box, choose Hex.
6. In the Value box, enter 88.
7. Click Add to add a second trigger unit.
8. In the Name box, enter dir.

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 Add On-Chip Debug Logic

9. Drag the directionR signal from the Design Tree pane to the Signals
(MSB:LSB) box in row 2 of the Trigger Unit pane.
10. In the Operator box, choose <=.
11. In the Radix box, choose the default of Bin.
12. In the Value box, enter 1.

Setting Up the Trigger Expressions

Now you will set up the trigger expressions in the Trigger Expression section
of the tab.

To set up the trigger expressions:

1. In the Name box in the Trigger Expressions section, use the default name
of TE1.
2. In the Expression box, select the countbi and dir trigger units by typing
dir THEN countbi.
3. In the RAM Type box, choose 1 EBR.
4. In the Sequence Depth box, make sure a value of 2 appears.
5. In the Max Sequence Depth box, choose 4.
6. In the Max Event Counter box, choose 32.
The Trigger Signal Setup tab should now resemble Figure 21.

Figure 21: Trigger Signal Setup Tap

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 Add On-Chip Debug Logic

Inserting the Debug Logic

Now you will insert the debug logic into the design project.

To insert the debug logic:

1. Choose Debug > Insert Debug.
2. In the Insert Debug to Design dialog box, make sure that the Activate
Reveal File in Design Project option is selected.
3. Click OK.
4. Name the file <project_directory>/LEDtest/LEDtest.rvl.
5. Click Save.
Reveal Inserter imports the Reveal project (.rvl) file into Diamond. The .rvl
file is added to the Debug Files in the File List view.
6. Close Reveal Inserter.

Generating a Bitstream and

Programming the FPGA
Use the Process view to generate files for exporting, and use Programmer to
download the bitstream to the FPGA. This task assumes that the MachXO3L
Starter Kit board is connected to your computer with a USB cable.

Note
If you do not have a MachXO3L Starter Kit, skip the rest of the tutorial. Go to
“Summary of Accomplishments” on page 44.

To generate a bitstream:
1. In the Process view, click Bitstream File under Export Files.
2. Click the Run button on the Diamond toolbar.
Diamond reruns all processes, generating the selected files and saving
them in your project directory.
3. Choose Tools > Programmer.
Programmer opens using the LEDtest.xcf file.
4. Click the Program button on the Programmer toolbar to initiate the
download.
If the programming process succeeds, you will see a green-shaded PASS
in the Programmer Status column.
5. Close Programmer.

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 Perform Logic Analysis

Task 15: Perform Logic Analysis

In this task, you will use Reveal Logic Analyzer to set up trigger conditions
and view trace buffer data from the on-chip Reveal core operating within the
FPGA. The trigger setup influences under what specific conditions and how
the Reveal core trace signal states are displayed in Reveal Logic Analyzer’s
waveform view. You will explore just a few of the many ways to trigger and
trace the system.

This task assumes that the MachXO3L Starter Kit board is connected to your
computer with a USB cable.

Creating a New Reveal Logic Analyzer

Project
You must first create a Reveal Analyzer project.

To create a new Reveal Logic Analyzer project:

1. In the Diamond main window, choose Tools > Reveal Analyzer.
The Reveal Analyzer Startup Wizard dialog box appears, as shown in
Figure 22.
2. In the upper-left of the dialog box, select Create a new file.
3. Type Test in the box to name the file.
4. In the drop-down menu on the top row, choose HW-USBN-2B (FTDI), if it
is not already selected.
5. Click Detect.
The cable connected to the computer is detected, and is listed in the USB
port box.
6. Click Scan to find the FPGA.
The MachXO3L device on the board is displayed in the Debug device box.
7. In the RVL source box, browse to <project_directory>/LEDtest/
LEDtest.rvl.

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 Perform Logic Analysis

Figure 22: Reveal Analyzer Startup Wizard

8. Click OK.
The Reveal Logic Analyzer main window now appears with the LA Trigger
tab selected, as shown in Figure 23. It contains the same trigger units and
trigger expressions that you set up in Reveal Inserter.

Figure 23: Reveal Analyzer

9. In the Trigger Options section, for Samples Per Trigger, choose 64.
10. In the Trigger Position section, choose Post-Trigger.
In the Trigger Position section, you can specify the trigger position relative
to the trace data. The numbers in the section title show the current
position.The two options to choose from include:
 Pre-selected allows you to choose one of the standard positions.

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 Perform Logic Analysis

 Pre-Trigger: 4/64 of the way from the beginning of the samples.

 Center-Trigger: 32/64 of the way from the beginning of the
samples.
 Post-Trigger: 57/64 of the way from the beginning of the samples.
 User-selected allows you to choose a position with the slider.
The Reveal Analyzer LA Trigger tab should now appear as shown in
Figure 24.

Figure 24: Reveal Analyzer LA Trigger Tab

Running Logic Analyzer

Now that Reveal Logic Analyzer is set up, you can run Logic Analyzer.

To capture data:
1. Click the Run button in the Reveal Analyzer toolbar.
The Run button changes into the Stop button and the status bar next to
the button shows the progress.
Reveal Analyzer first configures the modules selected for the correct
trigger condition, then waits for the trigger conditions to occur. When a
trigger occurs, the data is uploaded to your computer. The resulting
waveforms appear in the LA Waveform tab.
Since the “countbi” trigger was set to <= 88 and the “dir” trigger was set to
<= 1, any DIP switch setting will immediately set off a trigger. The trigger
expression can now evaluate the next trigger unit and generate a trigger
for data to be captured.

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 Summary of Accomplishments

If no trigger occurs, click the Manual Trigger button.

You now see the waveforms displayed, but the data may be varied as
shown in Figure 25.

Figure 25: Reveal Analyzer Waveform

Summary of Accomplishments
You have completed the Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial. In this tutorial, you
have learned how to:
 Create a new Lattice Diamond project.
 Create an IPexpress module.
 Check Hardware Description Language (HDL).
 Verify functionality with simulation.
 Inspect strategy settings.
 Examine resources.
 Set timing and location assignments.
 Process the design.
 Examine static timing analysis results.
 Analyze power consumption.
 Run export utility programs.
 Download a bitstream to an FPGA.
 Use Reveal Inserter to add on-chip debug logic.
 Use Reveal Logic Analyzer to perform logic analysis.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 44

 Recommended References

Recommended References
You can find additional information on the subjects covered by this tutorial in
the Diamond software online Help, and in the Diamond User Guide.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 45

 REVISION HISTORY :

Revision History

The following table gives the revision history for this document.

Date Version Description

10/15/2024 3.14 Updated to reflect changes in Diamond 3.14.

8/17/2023 3.13 Updated to reflect changes in Diamond 3.13.

12/9/2021 3.12 Fixed the screen capture in Figure 20.

Lattice Diamond 3.14 Tutorial 46