Binaba-an National High School
HERMENEUTICS
A paper presented to the faculty of BNHS
Mr. Jarold Kim C. Pomar
Faculty SHS
In Partial Fulfilment Of The Subject Introduction To The Philosophy Human Person
Names of the Reporter
Jimenez, J.J
Mamon, K
Montaño, T.A
Navales, C
Noviza, R.M
September 2024
I. Introduction
Hermeneutics is the art and science of interpretation, primarily focused on
comprehending texts, particularly those of a complex or profound nature. Originating
from the interpretation of religious texts, especially the Bible, hermeneutics has evolved
into a broader philosophical discipline that encompasses the interpretation of all forms
of human expression, including literature, law, art, and social actions. This concept
paper delves into the fundamental concepts of hermeneutics, its historical development,
key theorists, and its contemporary relevance in various fields of study.
II. Body
Hermeneutics, stemming from the Greek word “hermēneuein,” meaning to interpret or
translate, initially pertained to the interpretation of sacred texts. Today, it extends
beyond textual analysis to include the interpretation of language, symbols, and human
actions. Hermeneutics aims to uncover the context, intentions, and meanings embedded
in texts or actions, underscoring the significance of perspective and preconceptions in
the interpretive process.
The historical evolution of hermeneutics can be classified into three main phases:
Classical Hermeneutics: Early hermeneutics centered on interpreting religious
scriptures. The likes of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas contributed to theological
hermeneutics, emphasizing the harmony between textual interpretation and faith.
Philosophical Hermeneutics: The 19th and 20th centuries witnessed hermeneutics
evolving into a philosophical discipline. Friedrich Schleiermacher expanded
hermeneutics beyond theology to encompass all human communication, emphasizing
understanding the author’s intentions and the historical context. Wilhelm Dilthey
further refined hermeneutics as a methodology for the humanities, contrasting it with
the approach of the natural sciences.
Contemporary Hermeneutics: In the 20th century, thinkers like Martin Heidegger and
Hans-Georg Gadamer reshaped hermeneutics into a more existential and philosophical
pursuit. Heidegger delved into the ontological nature of understanding, asserting that
interpretation is intrinsic to human existence. Gadamer continued this work, proposing
that understanding is a dialogical process molded by historical and cultural horizons.
Key concepts in hermeneutics include:
The Hermeneutic Circle: This concept posits that understanding is a dynamic process
where the meaning of a text as a whole can only be grasped through its parts, and vice
versa, highlighting the interplay between the interpreter’s preconceptions and the text
itself.
Prejudices and Horizons: Gadamer introduced the notion of “prejudices” (pre-
judgments) as essential for understanding, contending that our historical and cultural
backgrounds influence our interpretation. The concept of “horizons” refers to the
boundaries of our comprehension, which can be broadened through dialogue and
exposure to new perspectives.
Fusion of Horizons: Gadamer’s concept of the “fusion of horizons” elucidates the
process where the interpreter’s perspective converges with the text’s historical context,
leading to a fresh, deeper understanding.
Hermeneutics finds applications in diverse fields such as literary studies, law, social
sciences, and theology.
III. Conclusion/Implication
Hermeneutics provides valuable insights into the interpretative essence of human
existence, emphasizing that understanding is always contextualized within historical
and cultural frameworks. As a philosophical approach, it underscores the dynamic and
dialogical nature of interpretation, advocating for openness to alternative viewpoints
and continual engagement with texts and traditions. In an increasingly intricate world,
hermeneutics stands as a vital tool for navigating meaning, fostering understanding
across disciplines, and bridging disparities among diverse worldviews.
IV. References
- Gadamer, H.-G. (1975). Truth and Method.
- Heidegger, M. (1927). Being and Time.
- Schleiermacher, F. (1998). Hermeneutics and Criticism.
