REGULATIONS 2016 SYLLABUS

for Courses affiliated to the

Kerala University of Health Sciences

Thrissur 680596

MASTER OF

HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION (MHA)

Course Code 287

(2016-17 Academic year onwards)

2016
 2.COURSE CONTENT
2.1. Title of course:
MASTER OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION (MHA)
2.2. Objectives of course
 To acquire knowledge in multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional nature of
health management, policies, rules regulations and scientific management
approach in hospital Administration.
 To provide professional Hospital administration disciple for basic insight into
the total healthcare delivery system.
 To provide knowledge in Hospital planning, human resource management,
marketing and financing the hospital, managing material and quality focused
health care services.
 To mould the Administrators through practical training and skill
development programme.
 To Create the ability to identify the management issues, analyse and
overcome the health care challenges
 To develop professional ethics and acquaint with the legislation pertaining
to health care delivery system.
 To create quality committed and patient centred administrators.
2.3. Medium of instruction:
Medium of instruction shall be English
2.4. Course outline
The course of study enhances student’s knowledge and skills in several major
categorical areas of hospital administration. The MHA course provides advanced skills
for practicing as hospital administrator. It is a two year Course professional Post
Graduate Degree course comprising fourteen papers. Total course duration is 2150
hours of lecture and60 days of project work training in reputed Hospitals. There will be
three internal examinations conducted by the Institutes/Colleges and one public
examination at the end of each academic year.

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2.5. Duration

The duration of the MASTER OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION (M.H.A.) shall be for a

period of two years on full time basis.

No candidate shall join any other course of study or appear for any other
examination in this university or any other university during the period of study
2.6. Syllabus

As given under clause “Content of each subject in each year “

The concept of health care counseling shall be in corporated in all relevant areas.
2.7. Total number of hours
Total course duration is 2150 hours of lectures and 60 days of project work in reputed
Hospitals
2.8. Branches if any with definition :

As given under clause “Content of each subject in each year “

2.9. Teaching learning methods:

Classroom lectures using Blackboard and Power point presentations.

Teaching with Counselling heads, Case presentations, Seminar, Clerkships and projects
and any other methods decided by the respective H.O.D’s
2.10. Content of each subject in each year
PART I

PAPER I - GENERAL MANAGEMENT

Subject and Course Content

Objectives Management

This module will introduce students to the field of management. It covers the
historical emergence of management as a professional field and academic
enterprise. Students will be confronted with the core competence areas of

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 management.
Human Resource Management

This module enables the student to get a perspective on human resource. Further it
familiarizes the students with various concepts, issues and practices in dealing with
people in health sectororganizations.
CONTENTS:

Management

Unit 1

History and growth of management concepts- Evaluations of management theories. Scientific

management school - classical organization theory school - The behavioral school-
Management science school - Systems approach - Contingency approach.
Management Levels and Skills-Management- Organizational
Effectiveness
Unit 2
Planning- organizational planning- steps- Environment -Environmental factors
Environmental Analysis -SWOT Analysis- objective setting – Types of plans – Forecasting
– Barriers in effective planning- Management byobjectives
Unit 3

Decision Making – Types of decisions – steps.

Organizing – Process – Departmentalization – Delegation – Decentralization – span of

control – formal and informal organization – line and staff functions – Authority – Power
Unit4
Staffing – Manpower planning –recruitment– Selection – Training and
Development Controlling – Organizational control – Control techniques
Unit 5

Directing –Orders- job satisfaction – morale- Coordinating- types-techniques-difficulties

Time management
Discipline -disciplinary proceedings. Case studies—Hospital visits.
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 Human Resource Management

Unit 1

Concepts : definition – Scope of human resource management – Role of personnel

function

– Objectives – Advisory function – Relation to other departments – Typical organization

set up of a personnel department.
Unit 2

Manpower planning – Job Analysis - Job description – Placement – Source of labor supply
– Methods of selection – Tests in selection – Induction.
Training and Development – Objectives – Types – Methods.
Unit 3
Management Development –Meaning – Scope – Methods. Motivation
Performance
appraisal
Counseling
Work environment – Fatigue – Safety and accident prevention – Accident
records
Unit 4
Morale – Employee attitudes- Behavior – Significance of employees productivity – Job
satisfaction – Job change – Job rotation – Job enlargement – job enrichment.
Collective bargaining – Employee participation in management

Wage and salary administration – Principles and techniques of wage fixation – Job
evaluation – Merit rating methods of wage payment – Incentiveschemes.

Unit 5

Trade unions – Organization structure – Policies – Joint consultation

Grievances
Organizational disputes

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Organizational exit – Planning for retirement
Industrial safety
Social Security
Case
studies
References

Harold Koontz, Heinz, weimrich: Management

James A.F., Stones, R. Edward : Management

Rustom S. Daver : Priciples of Management

Tripathi P.C and Reddy P.N.: Principles of Management

ames A Willian : Hospital Management., Mac Millan Education Ltd., New Delhi.
Rao U.S., Narayanan P.S.: Management Concepts and Thoughts
Basu C.R: Business Orgaisation & Management, Tata McGraw Hill

Ivancevich, Donnelly & Gibson: Management Principles & Functions, AITBS Publishers
Chattergee NN: Management of Personnel in India Enterprises, Allied Book Agency,
Calcutta
Dale S. Beach : Personnel., Mac Millan Publishing Co.,
Finley RT: Personnel Manager and his job., American Management Association., New
York.
Mammoria C.B.: Personnel Management, Himalaya Publishers
Tripathi P.C. : Personnel Management and Industrial Relations., Sultan Chand & Co.,

J.B. Miner and M.G.Miner: Personnel and Industrial Relations – A managerial Approach.

Southwick Arthur F: Law of Hospital and Health Care Administration.

Jyothi P & Venkatesh D.N: Human Resource Management, Oxford

UNIT 1:

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Health : Definition and dimensions of Health, Evolution of Modern Medicine, Review of
report on Health care, Bhore Committee, Mudaliar committee, Jain Committee, Chaddha
Committee, Kartarsingh committee, Srivastava committee & committee on plan &
projects, Bajja committee & Rao Committee. Elements and principles of Primary Health
care, Organisation network of health & family welfare services the centre ,state ,district
& block level, Indian Public Health Standards for PHC, Indian health care system.

UNIT 2

Hospital: Definition, History of hospitals, changing concept of Hospitals, Types and

classification of hospitals, Hospitals in India-today, ownership, utilization

UNIT 3

Hospital as an Organisation: Uniqueness of Hospital Organisation, principal types of

hospital organisation, general principles of hospital organisation, Hospital organisational
Functions, Governing authority, organisation and functions of governing body, Hospital
organisational structure- Hospital Committee, Medical staff Organisation and the
objectives. Hospital as system: System approach to hospital administration, Hospital as
a system, hospital as a part of social system , system approach to hospital
administration, Hospital and Community.

UNIT 4

Hospital Utilisation and statistics: Indices of measurement of hospital utilization,

indices relating to the Hospital, daily & monthly analysis, Census - indices relating to the
population at risk, Factors influencing hospital utilization,

UNIT 5

Hospital Administration as a specialty: Role and function of hospital administrator,

hospital as an organization, profile of hospital administrator, Role of hospital
administration, Skill of Hospital Administrator, Education and research in Hospital
Administration.

UNIT 6

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Health care System in Developed and Developing countries: Developed & Developing
reasons, Health Systems, Levels of health care, Health team concept, Millennium
Development goal.

International health: WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, ILO, SIDA, DANIDA, International Red Cross,
CARE.

Hospital Planning

UNIT7:

Introduction: Hospital planning, measuring community needs, Service required –

services available, external internal factors.

Planning :Principles of planning – Regionalisation – Feasibility study - Hospital planning

team , Hospital consultant , Hospital architect – Planning process – Size of the hospital –
Securing fund

–Site selection –site survey – land requirements – size of the site- land acquisition -
Master Plan- planning for growth and change, consideration based on climate, -– Hospital
zone, Engineers – space requirements - Working drawings and documents - water
requirements, electricity, sewage disposal, traction system, fire protection – approval of
plan - tender –Circulation – Architect’s brief– Equipping a hospital –purchase of capital
equipments - Interiors and Graphics

–taking over and Commissioning - Shake down period

UNIT 8

Planning, designing, organization and management of:

Clinical services: Outpatient department- Accidents and Emergency service

department, Inpatient department, Operation Theater – Intensive care unit –
Physical medicine and rehabilitation services.

Diagnostic and therapeutic services: laboratory services – Radiology services –

Transfusion services - Audiology and Speech pathology service – Pharmacy – Dialysis unit -
Sleep laboratory, ECG, Echo & TMT, NCV, EEG,
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Unit 9

Planning and designing of Supportive and utility services: Central sterile supply
department (CSSD) – Linen and laundry services – Dietary services – hospital
housekeeping – Hospital engineering services –

Hospital Transportation services – Mortuary services – Central store – Medical record

department – Front office and Lobby – Administrative care Unit – Hospital Information
system UNIT 10

Standards for designing hospital facilities: General standards - Mechanical and Electrical
standards – centralized medical gas system – disaster management – safety and security
system

– fire hazards – Occupational safety – Bio medical waste Management including

radioactive & drug waste handling – Nosocomial Infections – Heating Ventilation and air
conditioning - Lighting in Hospitals – Way finding in Hospitals

References:

1. Convert Richard P & Mc Nulty Elizabeth : Management Engineering for Hospitals,

Chicago., Deegum II & Arthur : Management by Objectives., Maryland, Aspen1977.

2. Desai VA: Hospital Administration Vol. 1, Madurai,1989.

3. GoelSL&KumarR:HospitalAdministrationandManagementVol.2.,NewDelhi.,Deeps.Hall
T.L. & Mejia A: Health Manpower planning – principles, methods and issues., WHO 1978.

4. Huss Carol: Indian Hospitals – Planned organizational changes in their

structure and functioning, VHAI, NewDelhi.

5. Kauer Antony R & Neuhauser Ducan : Health Services Management –

Reading and Commentary.,Michigan

6. Parthasarathy S.K. Hospital Services Management, KJ Hospitals,Madras.

8
7. Sainik Ashok : Role of Hospital Administrator in India ISHA, Bangalore, 1986.
Sakharkar,B.M. – Principles of Hospital Administration andPlanning.
8. ConvertRichardP&McNultyEllizabeth:ManagementEngineeringforHospitals,chicago.,
9. Deegum II & Arthur: Management by Objectives., Maryland, Aspen1977.
10. Desai VA: Hospital Administration Vol. 1, Madurai,1989.
11. Goel SL & Kumar R: Hospital Administration and Management Vol. 2., New Delhi.,
Deeps. Hall
12. T.L.&MejiaA:HealthManpowerplanning–principles,methodsandissues.,WHO1978.

13. Huss Carol: Indian Hospitals – Planned organisational changes in their

structure and functioning, VHAI, NewDelhi.
14. Kauer Antony R & Neuhauser Ducan : Health Services Management –
Reading and Commentary.,Michigan
15. Parthasarathy S.K. Hospital Services Management, KJ Hospitals, Madras. Sainik Ashok
: Role of Hospital Administrator in India, ISHA, Bangalore,1986.

16. Kunders, G D (2004)- Facilties Planning and Arrangement in Healthcare, Prism Books
Pvt Ltd, bangalore.
17. Davies Llewellyn R & Macaulay H M C (1995) – Hosptal Planning and Administration,
Jaypee Brothers, NewDelhi.
18. Sharma K R, SharmaYashpal (2003) – A handbook on hospital Administration, Durga
Printers, Jammu.

19. Sharma, Madhurai (2003) – Essentials for Hospital Supportive Services, Jaypee
Brothers, NewDelhi
20. Tabish, Syed Amin – Hospital Planning, Organisation andManagement.
21. JohnRea.,JefferJ.Frommelt:BuildingsaHospital–Aprimeforadministrators.

22. JamesLifton.,OwnenB.Hardy:SiteSelectionforhealthcarefacilities.

9
 I Year

PAPER III – Research Methodology & Biostatistics

Objective

Research Methodology

The topic is intended to provide an adequate knowledge about research methods to help
them

in research work settings wherever survey design and secondary data analysis is
involved in the

health system.
Biostatistics

To assess health status and needs of the community, for planning, implementation and
evaluation

of health programme for hospital/health management. It also enables to analyse the

performance of the hospital.

Contents

Research Methodology

Unit 1

Research methods – Historical perspectives – meaning – types – objectives – nature – scope

Scientific research – role of theory in research – research problem – concepts – formulation

– identification – selection of research problems in management

Unit 2

Research design-types- explorative – descriptive –

experimental Unit 3
Sampling techniques: Criteria of a good sample – sampling designs – simple random sampling
–
stratified sampling – systematic sampling – multi phase & multi stage sampling – sample size
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 –
use of sampling – errors in sampling.
Unit - 4

Methods of data collection – classification of data – construction of frequency distribution

table
– tabulation of data – general rules of tabulation – types of tabulation.– source- methods-
tools –
observation – personal interviews-interview schedule - Presentation of data – diagrammatic
–
graphic – types – line-bar-pie-scatter-pictogram-spot map-histogram- frequency polygon
frequency curve -Ogive
Unit - 5

Hypothesis – testing of hypothesis(theory) – bias - Content analysis - Data processing and

analysis
problems-types of analysis-inferences planning evaluation - Interpretation and report writing
meaning – techniques of report writing - Action research programmes – Practical: Project
work
and seminars

Bio Statiostics

Unit - 1

Statistics – definition – meaning – branches – biostatistics – health statistics – vital statistics,

Application and uses of biostatistics in health management and epidemiology. Presentation of

data – diagrammatic – graphic – types – line-bar-pie-scatter-pictogram-spot map- histogram

frequency polygon-frequency curve – Ogive

Unit - 2

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Measures of central tendency – mean (calculation for individual, discrete and continuous
series)
median (Calculation for individual, discrete and continuous series – mode (for individual
series).
- Empirical relation connecting mean, median and mode. Merits and demerits of each type.

Unit -3

Measures of dispersion: Range and Mean deviation (for individual series) – Standard
deviation
(Calculation for individual, discrete and continuous series.)
Unit - 4

Co-efficient of correlation – uses – different types of correlation – scatter diagram –

correlation
coefficient – rank correlation coefficient. Regression – basic concepts – linear regression –
lines
of regression – estimation using lines of regression.

Unit - 5
Probability – basic concepts. Normal distribution – binomial distribution – characteristics,
importance, uses, merits & demerits – Tests of significance – uses – sampling distribution
standard error – null hypothesis – levels of significance – test for large sample – normal test
– test for proportion – test for small sample – simple test – paired test – unpaired t test – chi
square test (for a 2 x 2 table) - Estimation – basic concepts – interval estimation – population
mean and proportion.

References

Sarantakos:Social Research., Macmillan Press., Australia

Festinger and Katz: Social Research., Longman., London

Jathoda Marie et al: Research Methods in Social Relations., Free Press., New York.

Kothari C.R.: Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques., Wiley Eastern Limited.,
12
 Delhi.
Goode and Hatt: Research Methods in Social Sciences
Krishnaswami O.R. & Ranganatham M: Methodology of Research in
Social Sciences.,Himalaya PublishingHouse
Rao NSN: Elements of Health Statistics., Text Book Agency, Varanasi

Mahajan B.K: Methods of Biostatistics. Kothari Book Depot, AD Marg., Bombay

Potti L.R: A Textbook of Statistics, Yamuna Publications. Sreekanteswaram, Trivandrum

Lancaster H.O: Introduction to Medical Statistics, Johnwiley & Sons, New York
Leius A.E: Biostatistics in Medicine Little Brown & Co. Boston

Hill A.B. Principles of Medical Statistics, Oxford University Press., New York

Lwanga S.K & Cho-Yook-Tye: Teaching Health Statistics Twenty Lesson & Seminar Outlines.,

CBS Publisher
Objective Medical Records
I YEAR

PAPER IV – MEDICAL RECORDS & MEDICALEQUIPMENTS

The main objective of this course is to provide a through knowledge and familiarity on the
importance of medical record sciences, medical terminology. Various theoretical and practical
issues in the context of the above areas are covered here.
Medical Equipments

The main objective of this course is to provide a through knowledge and familiarity on the

importance of equipment management and maintenance in hospital.

Contents Medical Records Unit - 1

Medical Terminology - Objectives - Basic concepts - Elements of medical terms - Root/stem

Prefixes - Suffixes - Colours - Numerals - Symbols - Abbreviation - General and special

practices

in medicine - Suffixes, words and phrases on operative terminology - Terms pertaining to

body as

13
awhole

Unit - 2

Health Information Management - Historical Development of Medical Record - Uses and

values
of medical record - Medical record forms – basic and special - Flow of medical record
- Registration - Numbering – unit, serial, serial –unit -- Deficiency checking - Assembling

Unit - 3

Coding – ICD X, ICD 9-CM, CPT – 4, ICP, ICD - 10 - Indexing – master – patient ,disease index,
physician, operative - Filing – alphabetic, terminal digit, middle digit, straight numeric.

Unit - 4

Format types – source oriented (SOMR), problem oriented (POMR) integrated - Mental health
record - Analysis of medical record – Qualitative, Quantitative and statistical - Committees –
executive; credential; safety; infection surveillance, prevention and control; medical record;
audit

Unit - 5

Legal importance of medical record: Consent, release of information, legal cases, medical
record
as legal document - Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

Medical Equipments

Unit 1

Bio-medical equipments – requirements – function – allocation to various therapeutic and

investigative departments.
Unit 2

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Radiology: X-ray –fluoroscopy – CT – MRI-PET SCAN. /Biochemistry – Calorimeter – flame
Photomer – Spectrometer – Coulter counter – Blood gas analyser – Auto analyser.
Physiotherapy: Muscle stimulator – short wave diathermy – ultrasonic and microwave
diathermy.
Unit 3

Urology – haemodialysis – lithotripsy./ Cardiology – ultrasound scanner and Echocardiogram-

Angiogram – Tread Mill –ECG monitor and recorder. /Neurology – EEG – EMG – VEP. /ENT:
Audiometer. /Cardiac care Unit – pacemakers – defibrillator – ventilator – infusion pumps
– patient monitoring system. /Ophthalmology: Fundus camera – Nd – YAG & argon lasers
– perimeter.
Unit 4

Operation Theatre – ECG monitor – anaesthesia machine – pulse oxymeter suction apparatus
– endoscopes – electrosurgical unit – heart lung machine – oxygenerators – autoclave –
sterilisers.
Unit 5

Maintenance – preventive – breakdown. Electrical safety of medical equipments – accident

prevention – psychological effects of electrical current – diagnosis – calibration – repair of
equipments – radiation safety – effects of radiation – safety precaution – protection
methods – hospital safety. Trouble shooting biomedical equipments.
References

Hogarth .P.: Glossary of Health care terminology., WHO Regional Office., Europe.
Edna Huffman : Medical records Management Record company, Illinois., USA
Park K: Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine., M/s Banaridas, Jabalpur.
Khandpur R.S. Hand Book of Biomedical instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
co., Leslee Cromwell: Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement
Park K: Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine.,M/s Banaridas, Jabalpur.

15
 I YEAR

PAPER V – ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR & MANAGERIAL

COMMUNICATION

Objective:-
OrganisationalBehavio
ur:

To familiarize the students with the behavioral patterns in various context in an

organization and to develop insight into ones own self and the functioning of others.
Managerial Communication:

The topic is intended to provide knowledge and skills about various communication
proceedings involved in the management process and also to acquaint them the need of
effective public relations.
Contents:-

Organisational Behaviour:

Unit 1

Organizational behaviour: nature – scope –meaning – significance – importance –

classification.
Organizational Goal- importance – individual goals – group goals
Unit 2
Individual behaviour: Personality – learning – attitudes- perception – motivation – job
satisfaction Motivation – theories – frustration – conflict management – stress
management Job satisfaction –theories – promoting job satisfaction – problems of
absenteeism and turnover
Unit 3

Group behaviors: Types – formal – informal – group process – characteristics- group

culture

– group formation –social influence – group dynamics – group conflict – interpersonal –

inter

16
 group – sociometry – interactionanalysis.
Leadership and supervision – concepts – theories – functions – models – factors
influencing
leadership role – essentials – styles – supervision – pattern of supervision.
Unit 4

Decision making – process – types – influencing factors – management techniques.

Division of labour – principles – group in organization – co-ordination – inter and intra

coordination.

Team Building – need in health sector – team meeting.

Organizational dynamics and change – types – sources – change process – human elements in

change.
Unit 5

Organizational development: Concept- objectives – goals – process – behavioral sciences

approach to OD- power and politics – control – organizational effectiveness – organizational

climate – organizational culture.

Industrial engineering – Ergonomics – Work simplification – Job enlargement – Job
enrichment –
Value analysis – time study- Motion study.
Mental and Health problems in organization.

Application and cases with special reference to hospital / health administration

Practical : OB lab experiments

Managerial Communication:

Unit - 1

Communication in management process – effectiveness – Communication opportunities –

Choice of media – Formal – Informal – Types – techniques - Group communication –
Methods – Problems – Solutions – Meetings – Committees – Conference responsibilities

17
 of chairman – Reporters – Participants – Reporters role - Speeches – Structure of speech –
Drafting of speech – Speeches for different occasions -

Unit - 2

Report writing – Types of report – Structure – Methods of collecting and preparing material

- Drafting of report – Preparing a press release – Press conference - Business correspondence

Drafting of letters – Circulars – Answering letters. Office orders – Office circulars – Office
notes –

Suggestions – Complaints – Office memorandums.Meeting of Board of Directors – Board

report

– Chairman’s speech - Meeting documentation – Notice of the meeting – Agenda –

Chairman’s

speech – Recording meetings – Writing minutes – Minute book – Writing meeting reports –

Assignment – Writing annualreport

Unit - 3

Organizational communication-its evaluation - Research communication - Electronic Media

and
communication - Public relations – Scope – Tools – Public relation as a catalyst for change -
Public
relations – With individual – Group organization – Press – Government departments - Press
language – News – News writing – Publicity – Media planning

Unit - 4

Group process lab: Workshop – Seminar – Media and advertising lab Self development and
assessment – Self assessment- self awareness – perception and attitudes – values and belief
system – personal goal setting – career planning – self esteem – Building self confidence

Planning, preparation, delivery, feedback and assessment of – group discussion and oral

presentations.
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 Unit - 5
Interview – Listening and observation skills – Body language - Managing time - Improving
personal memory – rapid reading, notes taking – complex problem solving – creativity.

Case presentation and practical in the above areas.

References:

Fred Luthans: Organizational Behaviour McGraw Hills., New York

Robbins S.P.: Organizational Behaviour., Eaglewood Cliffs., New Jersy, Prentice Hall Inc.

Koreman: Organisational Behaviour at Work – Organizational Behaviour., McGrew Hill

Publishing Co.,
Hilt, Miller, Colella: Organisational Behaviour ( A strategic Approach)
Prasad L.M: Organisational Behaviour, Sultan Chand & Sons
Aswathappa K: Organisational Behaviour
Stephen M. Mitchell: Health Care Management – A text book in organization theory*
behaviours Colin Grant: Hospital Management
George F. Wieland: Improving health care management. Organizational development and
change.
Cummings LL: Towards Organizational

Dwivedi: Human Relations and Organizational Behaviour., Macmillan India Ltd., Madras.

Dalmer Fisher: Communication in Organizations , Jaico Publishing Co., Bombay

Balan K.R. Prof: Corporate Public Relations, Sterling Publishers Pvt.Ltd., N. Delhi.

Krishna Mohan & Meera Banerji, Developing Business Communication., Mc Millan Education

Ltd.
Rajendra Pai & Bhatnagar OP: Education and Communication for department

Raymond V Lesikar John., D. Pettil Jr & Lakshman C Arya: Business Communication, All India

Traveller Book Seller., New Delhi.

Raman Meenakshi & Prakash Singh: Business Communication

19
Sharma R & Krishnamohan: Business Correspondance & Report Writing, Tata McGraw Hill

YEAR

PAPER VI – OPERATIONS RESEARCH

UNIT 1

Evolution of Operations Research - Models - Formulation of Models - Using models for

problem

solving -Techniques of Operations Research - Limitations of Operations Research - Latest

advancement in O.R.- application of OR in the field of health care.

UNIT 2

Requirements of L.P. Applications of L.P. - Graphical methods and Simplex method of solving
optimization problems - Duality and Sensitivity Analysis

UNIT 3

Transportation model - Balanced and Unbalanced problems - North-West Corner rule –Least
cost
entry method - Vogels Approximation method – Stepping stone Method- MODI method
Assignment model - Hungarian model – Routingproblems.
UNIT 4

Inventory costs - cost of average inventory - Optimum Number of orders per year - Optimum
days supply per order - Optimum rupee value per order - assumptions - Applications of EOQ
in
Production process - Reorder point - Lead Time - Safety Stock – News paperboy problem –
ABC
analysis.

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 UNIT 5

Waiting line models-Structure of a queuing system- Definitions of waiting lines –Queue

models
of(1) Single channel with infinite capacity (2)Arrival and departure following poisson
distribution,
and service rate following Exponential Distribution
UNIT 6
Decision Theory – Decision making under certainty - uncertainty - conditions of risk. Game
theory - Two person Zero sum Games - Pure Strategy - Mixed Strategy - Dominance - Mix N
Games - Graphical solution - Games and Linear Programming.

UNIT 7

Network models- PERT-CPM – Float and slack – Analysis of CPM and PERT network -
Resource allocation - Float and slack - Other network models

UNIT 8

Capital equipment replacement - Replacement of terms that fail completely - Individual vs.
Group replacement.
UNIT 9

Sequencing - Problems with ‘n’ jobs and 2 machines problems with ‘n’ jobs and 3 machines -
UNIT 10

Simulation – concepts and applications – Monte-carlo simulation – Simple problems in

inventory and queuing.
Reference

Israel Brosh : Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decision Making., Prentice Hall Co.,
21
 Dharani Venkatakrishnan S. Operations Research., Keerthi Publishing House., Coimbatore
Kenneth S. Brown Jack B. Revelle: Quantitative Methods for Managerial decisions
Addisons. Srivasthava. U.K. Shenoy G. V, Sharma S.C: Quantitative Techniques for
Managerial Decisions.
Handy A Taha: Operations research , Sultan Chand & Sons.

Sharma S.D: Operations Research for Management Decisions, Kedar Nath Ram Nath & Co
Sharma J.K: Operations Research theory & applications Macmillan

I YEAR

PAPER VII – BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES & EPIDEMIOLOGY

Objectives

Basic Medical Science

The course enables the students to get a general understanding of the biological structure
and basis of human biology and pathogens and to understand the spectrum of health and
disease to evolve health promotion strategies in health system management. The student
is not expected to have a detailed study of the subjects.

Epidemiology

To apply the tools of epidemiology for the prevention of disease, the promotion of health and
formation of national policies of social relevance. To use epidemiological research to
detect association between modifiable, hereditary, social and Environmental factors and
specific disease prevention.
Basic Medical Science

Unit I. General Anatomy (10hrs)

Terms and Subdivisions –Cell structure and Cell division - Epithelium and glandular tissue –
Connective tissues – Cartilage – Lymphatic tissue – Nervous tissue – Vascular tissue –
Muscular tissue – Skin and appendages – Identification of microscopic slides.

22
 Unit II. Systemic Anatomy (20hrs)
Overview of Cardio Vascular System – Respiratory – Gastro Intestinal – Lymphatic – Endocrine
– Central Nervous – Autonomic Nervous – Musculoskeletel – Excretory – Reproductive –
Display anatomical systems.
Unit III – Physiology of Heamatology, CVS and Respiratory System (10 hrs)

Introduction of Haematology – RBC – WBC – Platelets – Coagulation of Blood – Blood Groups

– Blood Volume - Functional Anatomy of CVS – Conducting System – Properties – Cardiac
Cycle – Cardiac output – Blood pressure – ECG – Special Circulation – Shock - Functional
Anatomy of Respiratory System – Mechanism of respiration – Pressure changes
– Transport of Gases – Regulation of respiration – AppliedPhysiology.

Unit IV – Physiology of GIT, Renal, Endocrine, Special Sense and CNS (15 hrs)

Functional Anatomy of GIT – Secretions – Movements – Disorders- Digestion and Absorption

- Functional Anatomy of Renal Physiology – Filtration- Secretion – Reabsorption –
Micturition – Body temperature regulation and skin - Functional Anatomy of CNS –
Synapse
– Receptor – Reflex – Spinal cord with tracts – Motor system – Higher functions and
disorders -Special senses – Olfaction – Taste – Audition – Vision - Functional Anatomy of
Endocrine System – Pituitary hormones – Thyroid hormones – endocrine Pancreas –
Adrenal hormones – Cacium Metabolism and endocrine regulation – Other
endocrineglands.
Unit V – Microbiology (20hrs)

Introduction to microbiology – History – Definitions – Classification of microbes – Parasites –

Vectors – Disease causes and transmission – Common pathogenic bacteria – Viruses –
Fungi
– Parasites – Protozoa – Helminthes – Entomology – Vector of malaria – Filaria –
Plague – Rodents – Sterilization – Methods – Applications – Home – Hospital –
Community – Bacteriology of water – Milk – Food – Pasteurization – Chlorination –

23
 Watersanitation.
Epidemiology
Unit - 1

The scope and uses of health research, especially epidemiological research and its evolution
to modern concepts and areas of application. Fundamental measures of disease
frequency (prevalence, cumulative incidence, incidence density) and of risk factors –
disease association (risk, relative risk, attributable risk, odds ratio) Applied measures of
disease frequency.
Unit - 2
Guidelines for the development of a well conceived research question - Overview and
detailed aspects of the most relevant types of epidemiological study design: ecological
design, cross sectional design, case control design, prospective and retrospective cohort
design, experimental design. - Core principles of health measurement and diagnosis
(validity, reliability, sensitivity to change, feasibility). - Principles and applications of
screening for disease. Source of bias in the interpretation of etiological, prognostic and
diagnosticresearch
Unit - 3

Epidemiology of Communicable disease: Classification of communicable diseases – agents

– vectors – disinfection – surveillance – investigation – containment – control –
eradication.

Respiratory infections – chicken pox-measles – rubella – influenza – mumps – diphtheria –

whooping cough – meningitis – tuberculosis

Intestinal infections – polio mellitus – viral hepatitis – cholera – acute diarrhea disease –
typhoid fever – food poisoning – amoebiasis – ascariasis – hookworm – helminthic malaria
– yellow fever – filaria – dracontiasis – dengue - encephalitis
Unit - 4

Zoonosis – Rabies – Japanese Encephalitis –KFD – Brucellosis – Plague – Human Salmonellosis

– Teaniasis – Hydatid Disease – Leishmaniasis – Leptospirosis – Rickettiosis – Scurb Typhus
– Murine Typhus – Tick Typhus
24
Surface Infections : Trachoma – Tetanus – Leprosy – STD – Yaws – Scabies – Ebola –
HIV/AIDS.
Unit - 5
Epidemiology of Non communicable disease and conditions
Risk Factors – gap in natural history - Coronary heart diseases – Hypertension – stroke –
rheumatic heart disease – cancer – diabetics – obesity – Blindness – Accidents – Peptic Ulcer-
Arthritis - Nutrition – Nutrition intervention for health promotion - Lifestyle diseases –
Geriatrics –Mental
References

Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, - Physiolgoy: K. Madhavan Kutty

Microbiology : Ananthanarayan, - Parasitology : Chatterjee

Entomology :

Roy and Brown

Park L: Text book of preventive & Social Medicine : M/s Banarasidas. Jabalpur

Robert L. Heatal: Principles of Epidemiology – A self teaching guide. Academic Press London

Morris J.N. Uses of Epidemiology, Churchill. Livingstone London

Benean SMAS: Control of communicable disease to man American PH Association, New York
Holland W.W., Detels R, Oxford Text Book of Public Health: Method of Public Health. London
Kelsey J.L: Methods of Observational Research, Oxford University Press, London
Abeline T. Measurement in Health Promotion & Protection, WHO Regional Publications
Karis
S. Lankimen et al; Health and Disease in Developing Countries, Macmillan press. London
Manipal Manual of Anatomy for A.H.S courses – Dr. Sampath Madhyastha
Human anatomy – Prof.A.K.Dutta
Text Book of physiology – Vankatesh G

Manipal Manual of physiology – Dr. C N Chandrashekar

Text Book of Microbiology - Baveja

II YEAR

25
 PAPER I – HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION -II

Hospital Planning and Management

Unit 1 Planning and Management of Specialty Services

• Ophthalmology

• Urology

• Psychiatry

• Pediatricservices

• Anesthesiaservices

• Obstetrics and gynecologyservices

• Plastic Surgery and burns unit , paraplegic andMalignant

• DentalServices

• Diabetology
Unit 2: Planning and Management of Super Specialty services:

• Cardiology and Thoracicsurgery

• Neurology

• Neurosurgery

• Nephrology services, dialysis Unit,ESWL,

• Pulmonology

• TransplantationServices

• Oncology services, Nuclearmedicine

Unit 3: Utility services

• Nursing Administration- Nursing organization- Staffing–Practices

• WardManagement

• Finance /Accountsdepartment

• Purchasedepartment
Unit 4: Changing health care scenario

26
 • Modern Trends in HospitalAdministration

• MedicalTourism

• ArtificialIntelligence

• Outsourcing

• Telemedicine

Unit 5

Disaster management in hospitals – Component of disaster plan – Pre hospital and hospital

– Disaster preparedness – Disaster plan formulation andimplementation

Patient safety – Measures in assuring patient Safety – Factors affecting patients safety –
Hospital Information System

Unit 6

HIS and decision making – Information report system and Decision support system- Role of
HIS in Decision making.
Information system Development – System Analyzing and Design- Planning of information
systems – Strategic, tactics and operational planning.
Unit 7

Implementing Information systems – Data base management

Controlling Information systems – Input, Process, Output, Process, Process and physical
facility Control – Privacy and security of systems.- Analyzing Information systems –
Hospital Information system – Functions – Clinical Decision support systems – Diagnostic
Decision support systems-
Unit 8

Hospital marketing Information systems – Human Resource information system – Accounting

information systems – Financial information system. - Managing information system,
Resource in Hospitals.
Unit 9

Basic concepts about computer hardware and software – Application of computer in hospitals

27
 – computer programme and operating systems – data based concepts (ER diagram) -
Microsoft Office – SQL, VB, Power Point - ERP system with allmodules

Unit 10

Office automation software – MS Office – MS Word – Spread Sheet software- MS Excel.

Data base management software MSAccess
Computer network and internet.
References

Kunders, G D (2004) – Facilities Planning and Arrangement in Healthcare, Prism Books Pvt
Ltd, bangalore.
Davies Llewellyn R & Macaulay H M C (1995) – Hospital Planning and Administration, Jaypee
Brothers, New Delhi.
Sakharkar B M (198) - Principles of Hospital Administration & Planning – Jaypee Publishers
New Delhi.
James A O’Brien - Management Information Systems Galgotia Publishers.

Bakkar A. R. & Mol. J.L.: Hospital Information System – Effective Health Care Vol. 1.
Amsterdam.

Davis G B & H Margrethe: Management Information System (Conceptual Foundations,

Structure & Development), Tata McGraw Hill

Griesser G. Et al Data Protection in Health Information System – Considerations and

Guidelines.

Goyal D.P: Management Inforamtion System, McGraw Hill

Murdick G Robert, Ross E Joel Ross & Clagget R James: Information Systems for Modern
Management

Jawadekar S Waman: Management Inforamtion System managerial perspectives, Macmillan

Objectives

Hospital Economics
28
 I YEAR

PAPER II – HOSPITAL ECONOMICS & FINANCE

The course is intended to provide an in-depth knowledge about the sources of funds and its

effective utilization to achieve a better quality of health care services within a reasonable
cost.
Finance

The course is intended to help the students to acquaint themselves with the basic concepts of

financial planning and control and its applications in the financial decision making.
Contents

Hospital Economics

Unit 1

Managerial economics – introduction – scope – relevance – hospital resource issues

Concept

of resource allocation – cost analysis – concepts – classification – short run – long run cost

functions. Economices of size – economices and diseconomices ofscale

Unit 2

Demand Analysis – demand forecasting – purpose – methods – criteria for a good forecasting

method – consumer durable goods – capital goods – determinants of market demand – law of

demand – demandcurve.

Unit 3

Input output analysis – capital budgeting – principles – monitory and fiscal policies – pay back

period methods – NPV – IRR –risk, uncertainty and investment decisions – risk adjusted
discount

rate approach.
Public sector – role of national economy – Government’s role in different socio – economic
29
system. Budgets – central – state government – structure – five year plans.
Unit 4

Market structure – pricing policy – pricing under perfect competition – under pure
monopoly.
Economic fluctuations and business – business cycle – business policy – inflation – deflation
with reference to India – economic forecasting for business
Unit 5

International trade – rate of foreign exchange – spot and forward exchange markets –
change

in exchange rates – international monetary system – IMF – SDR – Case studies.

Finance

Unit 1

Financial Management – Concepts – Objectives – Scope – Functions.

Time value of money – Time preference rate – Compound value – Present value.

Forecasting of income statement – Fund flow – Cash flow statement – Interpretation and
usage for future forecasts.
Unit 1

Working capital management – Concepts – Types – Factors affecting the determination of

working capital – Theories of working capital.
Cash Management – Objectives – Minimum cash requirement – Different approaches for
decision making – Formation of strategies.
Unit 2

Current asset management – Management of accounts receivable – Credit standards and

policies – Evaluating the policy – Influence of inventory cost on current asset management
– Stock valuation methods under inflation accounting and its effects.
Unit 3

Leverage – Financial – Operating – Applicability in decision making – Indifference point.

EBIT – EPS analysis for different sources of finance. Long and short term decisions on
30
 alternatives.
Capital budgeting – Principles – Data requirement – Methods of investment analysis –
Payback period – NPV –IRR- Discounted cash flow – Risk and return decisions –
Profitability index.
Unit 4

Theories of capital structure – NI – NOI – MM approach – Cost of Capital – Determination of

cost of individual source of finance – Procedure to find out capital structure of a firm.
Dividend : Dividend – Types of dividends – Gordon – alter – MM models – Determinants of
dividend policy.
Unit 5

Cost and Analysis – Cost benefit analysis – Cost effectiveness analysis – Ratio analysis – Types
–Uses.
Value and rate of return calculations – Valuation of firm and shares – Different methods of
determination of value of shares – Value of firm – Registration of firm in stock exchanges
– Stock exchanges working procedure.
Reference

Even J. Douglas : Managerial Economics – Theory, Practice and Problems., Prentice Hall India.
Dufty N.F: Managerial Economics – Wesley Publishing House., New York

Stills E. Addison: Managerial Economics., Homewood, Illionois, Dersey Press Inc.

Spencer M.H: Managerial Economics, Homewood Illionois, Richard C. Irwin
Inc.

Verma J.C: Managerial Economics – Concepts and Analysis for Business Decisions in Indian
Environment, Lawrence Publishing House., New Delhi.
Varshey R.L & Maheswari K.L: Managerial Economics., Sultan Chand & Sons Publishers.
Thomas P.C: Managerial Economics.
Salratore Dominick : Managerial Economics in Global Economy, Thomson

Dean Joel: Managerial Economics, Prentice – Hall India, Eastern Economy Edition
Dwivedi D.N: Managerial Economics, Vikas
Khan M.Y. & Jain PK : Financial Management, Tata Mc Grew Hill Publishing Co.,

31
 Kuchhal S.K.: Financial Management, Cheritarry Publishing House.,
Allahabad
Maheswari S.N.: Principles of Financial Management. Sulthan Chand & Sons., New Delhi
Pandey IM: Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., Bombay
Prasanna Chandra: Financial Management, Tata Mc Grew Hill., New Delhi.

John Thampton : Financial Decision Making – Concepts, problems & cases., Prentice Hall
Co
II YEAR

PAPER III – MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING & COST ACCOUNTANCY

Objective

Management Accounting

The topic helps the students to acquaint themselves with the basic concepts of cost and
management accounting and the practical applications in decision making, supervision,
management and control of a health system.
Cost Accountancy

To familiarize the students with the concepts, principles and techniques of financial, cost and
management accounting branches and their application in managerial decision making
inhospitals.
Contents

Management Accounting

Unit 1

Book Keeping – Definition – objects – advantages –term used in Book keeping – Business
transactions – theory of Double Entry –kinds and transactions – process of recording –
types of accounts – preparation of journal – preparation of Ledger – Trial Balance
Accounting principles: Accounting Concepts an Conventions

Unit 2 &3

Financial Statement – Trading Account Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet

32
Trading Account: Meaning need and preparation – Profit and Loss Account – Meaning, need
and preparation balance Sheet – Meaning need and preparation use of further
adjustments in the preparation of final accounts:-
• Depreciation

• Provision for DoubtfulDebts

• OutstandingExpenses

• Prepaidexpenses

• Income received inAdvance

• AccruedIncome

• ClosingStock

• Provision for discount on debtors andcreditors

• Petty CashBook

Meaning – Advantages – Imprest system – Analytical petty cash book – form and
preparation
Bank reconciliation statement – Meaning – Need – Preparation – Simple exercises
Depreciation -Meaning – Objects – methods (theory and problems)
Unit 4

Ratio Analysis.

Financial Analysis – Meaning and Significance of ratios – Gross Profit, Net Profit, ROI, Current
ratio, quick ratio, debt equity, capital turnover, stock turn overratios.
Unit 5
33
Accounts of Non- trading Concerns

Meaning – receipts and Payments Account – Income and Expenditure Account – Balance
sheet – reparation of Income and Expenditure account and balance sheet from receipts
and payment account and additional information
Case studies / Practices / Assignments
Cost Accountancy

Unit 1

Cost accounting-definition of cost – costing accounting – objectives – advantages –

characteristic of ideal costing system.
Elements of cost – concepts – classification of cost – direct material – direct labour –
overheads.
Direct material – material control – objectives – purchasing – storing – issuing methods
Unit 2
Inventory control- Break even analysis – techniques – applications- ABC – VED analysis – EOQ
– Lead time – Safety stock – Quantity control over supplies – Just in time – Inventory
models – Scientific technique – FIFO –LIFO – AverageCost.
Unit 3

Direct labour – remuneration of labour – time ratio system – piece rate system – premium
bonus plans – measuring layout accounting performance – cost – idle time – overtime –
holiday pay – labour turnover – calculation of gross wages and net wages .
Unit 4 & 5

Overhead – Classification – Allocation – Apportionment of overhead – Basis of

apportionment

Cost of service department – Cost of Production department – Absorption of overhead –

actual Pre-determined – Blanket rate – Multiple rate – Absorption of
manufacturing

overhead – Direct material – Direct labour – Production cost – Contract costing – Process
costing (normal and abnormal wastages) – Marginal costing.

34
Also control methods – Budgetary control (theory only) – Standard costing (simple
illustration) - Case studies / practical / assignments
References
M.C. Shukla and T.S. Grewal Advanced Accounts; S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New delhi,

R.L. Gupta : Final Accounts

Gupta R.L & Radhaswamy M: Advanced Accountancy(Theory, Method & Application), Sultan
Chand & Sons
S.P. Jain & K.L. Narang : Cost Accounting – Principles & Practice, Kalayani Publishers
Bhattacharya S.K.: Accounting for Management., Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Bombay
Robert J. Thierauf & Robert Ckeikanp: Decision making through operations research.
Eck. R.D. introduction to Quantitative methods for business applications.
M.C. Shukla and T.S. Grewal & M.P Gupta Cost Accounting (Test & Problems); S. Chand &
Co. Ltd., Newdelhi,
Jain S.P & Narang K.L: Advanced Accountancy _ VI Jain S.P & Narang K.L : Advanced
Accountancy II
II YEAR

PAPER IV – MATERIALS MANAGEMENT & TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Objectives

Materials Management

The course is intended to provide an in-depth knowledge about the scientific methods of
purchasing, storing and dispensing of materials in hospitals.
Total Quality Management

The course will orient the student about the quality to be maintained in hospital services and
will help them to develop and control hospitalprogrammes.

35
 Contents

Materials Management

Unit 1

Materials Management – concepts – importance in organization – relation to other

administrative functions – organization of materials management department – role and
functions of materials managers.
Stores – Concepts of stores – Importance of stores in hospital settings – Types of stores in a
hospital – Layout – Location – Stores routine – Supply and replacement of stock – Card
system & use of bin cards – Stock verification – Control of pilferage.
Unit 2

Inventory control – Meaning – Scope – Definition of inventory – Advantages – Discounts –

Stock out cost – P & Q System.
Purchase – Right quantity – Right quality – Right price – Right time (requirement planning) –
Right source – Price forecasting methods.
Unit 3

Methods of purchasing –ABC – VED analysis in purchase controls – Purchase through rate
contract – Tendering procedures – Purchase Vs leasing decision – Purchase of capital
equipments and other major investments - purchase through e –commerce.
Unit 4

Information system development for Materials Management – Database of material (Vendor

and stocks) – Usage for classification – Standardization of materials – Bar codes – Trends
in material control – Computers role in development ofinformation.
Unit 5

International purchasing -Import tariffs – Policies – Procedures – Customs and excise

exemptions – Letter of Credit formalities relating to imports.
Legal aspects relating to purchases – carriage of Goods Act – Insurance – Damages Case
Studies.

36
 Total Quality Management

Unit 1

Quality: Concept of quality – Evolution of the concept of Quality- quality and

productivity- quality in health care, structure, process, out come- quality assessment-
measuring quality care- concept of quality assurance, Service quality- models, quality
management philosophies- steps in quality improvement- Quality management
philosophy:- Deming, Jurran, Crosly, Taguchi’s principles, Fegenbaum’s philosophy.
Patients demand and feedback.

Unit 2:

Quality Control-Tools and techniques- total quality Models, quality standards, ISO
and implementation process, Brainstorming, Benchmarking, Statistical process
control, Fish born Diagram, Six sigma Concept, Poka yoka, Statistics and quality
control tools, quality circle.

Total Quality Management: TQM team work, Employee involvement, TQM tools- Quality
function deployment(QFD), concurrent engineering-FMEA, P-C-D-D-A cycle, JIT, Kaizan ,
Zero defect programme, control chart

Unit 3:

Evaluation of health care performance:- Evaluation through Medical audit, Nursing

Audit, Equipment audit , Pharmacy Audit, Antibiotic audit, Clinical Audit, , Defining audit
protocol, Audit team- duties and responsibilities of audit team, Patient safety, Patient
satisfaction Survey, Clinical practice guidelines and protocol.

Unit 4

Performance reviews and Survey:- Mortality review, concurrent process review,

retrospective process review, Death (mortality) review, births, stillbirth, premature ,
under weight babies, post operative complication review, post delivery complication
review, post anesthesia complication review, Infection review, Surgical review,
Discharge,:- Discharge status-cured, controlled, aggravated, death ,Leave against medical

37
 advice, Agreement of Preliminary Diagnosis with final diagnosis, Investigation
supplements preliminary and final diagnosis, Unusual incidents in hospital

Unit 5

Standards and Accreditations: Hospital accreditation, Models of accreditation, patient

centered stamndards, Health care organization management standards NABH, JCAHO,
JCI- ISO certification, process and steps to reach accreditation, overview of standards and
benefits

Reference

Dutta A.K. Integrated Materials Management., S.Chand & Co. New Delhi 1989.

Dutta A.K. Materials Management Procedures, Text & Cases, Prentice Hall
India Starr & Miller : Inventory Control – Theory & Practice, Prentice Hall
India.
Gopalakrishnan, P & Sandila M.S. Stores Management and
Logistics. Gopalakrishna P: Purchase & Materials Management,
McGraw Hill
England W.B. & Leenders M.R. Purchasing & Materials Management Tarapore Vala &
Sons. Lal A.B.:Inventory Models and the problems of price fluctuations,sree Publishing
ook House. Peekhar H.H: Effective materials Management Taraporewala D.B & co.
Bombay.
S.K. Joshi – Quality Management in Hospitals Jaypee Brothers.

James R. Evans & William M. Lindsay: The Management and Control of Quality ; Jaico
Publishing House, Bombay.
Kunders, G D (2002) – Designing for Total Quality in Healthcare, Prism BooksPvt
Ltd, Bangalore

M. Frank, Gryna Richard C.H, Defeo A Joseph; Jurans Quality Planning & Analysis
for Enterprise Qulaity

II YEAR
38
 PAPER V – MARKETING & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Marketing Management

The course introduces the student to the concepts of marketing and its dimensions
involving services, production, promotion and its application to health care delivery
systems.

Strategic Management
The course enables the students to understand the different ways to utilize firm’s
resources within its environment to reach its objective .

Marketing Management

Unit 1
Marketing Concept – definition – Scope - Goods & Services – Marketing process – customer
relationship management ( CRM)
Marketing Environment- Market analysis – consumer buyer behavior- Health care needs –
factors influencing patient behaviour
Market segmentation – Chief determining variables – Targeting and product positioning -
STP for health careservices.
Market Mix – 4Ps in goods marketing & 7 Ps in Services marketing

Unit 2

Market research and information: Steps – Market information – Market information system

Market decision support systems – Demand forecasting – market research process -

Public policy regulation and ethics in marketing research
Product/Service: Product line – Product mix – Product life cycle – Branding – Packaging –
Product positioning – New product opportunities – Product development process – New
product – Failure and success.
Unit 3

39
Promotion: Objectives – Promotion cost – Promotional budget – Determining promotional
mix – Planning promotional campaigns. Advertising and publicity: Types – Levels of
advertising – Advertising expenditure – Advertising decisions – Publicity - public relations-
sales promotion- Direct marketing
Pricing – Meaning – Importance – factors determining prices – Objectives – Pricing policy and
structure – Pricing procedure – New product pricing – pricing in healthcare
Unit 4

Marketing channel – Physical distribution – Channel design – Retailing – Wholesaling.

Social Marketing
Hospital Administrators and Marketing Environment – Opportunities and challenges

Marketing programme for hospital services : Market mix – Product decisions – Price decisions
– Location of hospital services – Planning extension services.
Unit 5

Project planning – Project development cycle- Feasibility study – Financial institutions -

Project clearance – Technology transfer – Foreign collaboration – grants – Social
responsibility.
Camp organizing and planning: Community health care programmes – Medical camps –
Awareness of the camps – Planning and organizing medical camps – Follow – up.
Strategic Management

Unit 1

Environmental appraisal : External environmental analysis – Dynamics of internal

environment – Organizational capability factors – SWOT analysis.

Unit 2

Strategic alternatives – Grand strategies – Modernization – Diversification and integration –

Merger, take over and joint ventures – Turn around, disinvestment and liquidation.
Unit 3

Strategic choice : Corporate port folio analysis – Industry competitor analysis. Strategic
implementation : Issue in implementation – Resource allocation – Structural

40
 implementation – Organizational design andchange.
Unit 4

Functional implementation – Financial, marketing, operations and personnel plans and

policies.
Behavioural implementation – Leadership implementation – use of power.
Unit 5
Strategy evaluation – Strategic and operational control.
productivity in organizations, Management audit, Managerial performance Strategic
management in health care: strategic planning process – Human resource
accounting- Sensitivity to patient’s needs and expectation- Empowering hospital staff and
improvement in involvement and participation- business process reengineering .

Reference

Kotler Philip : Marketing Management – Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control;

Kotler Philip & Anderson : Strategic Management for Non – profit organizations.
Wheelen L Thomas, Hunger David, Rangarajan Krish: Concepts in Strategic Management &
Business Policy
Kotler Philip : Readings in Marketing Management, Tata Mc graw Hill, New delhi, 1980.
Kotler Philip : Marketing for Health Care Organizations.
Kotler Philip & Lane Kevin: Marketing Management, Pearson
Lovelock : Services Marketing – text, cases and reading.
Kotler Philip : Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall, Eaglewood, Cliffs, NJ, 1980.

Janet Reinestein Carpman., Myrona Gromt., Planning health facilities for patients
and visitors.
Chari S.N.: Modern production and operations management, Wilsey Eastern Ltd.New Delhi.
Prasanna Chandra: Projects preparation, Appraisal, Budgeting and implementation, Tata
Mac Grew HillsPublishing Co. Ltd., NewDelhi

Azhar Kasmi : Business Policy.

41
 II YEAR

PAPER VI – LEGAL FRAME WORK FOR HOSPITALS & MEDICAL ETHICS

Objective

Legal frame work for hospitals

The course will orient the students about the legal frame work to be observed in hospital
services and will help them to develop and control hospital programme. It will also help
to provide a thorough knowledge and familiarity on the importance medical ethics.
Contents

Legal frame work for hospitals

Unit 1.

Legislation: Law, source of Law, interpretation of Law - Medico-legal problems: types -

case handling procedures - police investigation - death certificates.

Medical negligence: – Ambit of negligence – Duty of care – Contractual duty – Tortious duty

- Duty under Penal law - Duty under consumer law – Contributory negligence.
Unit 2
Consent to treatment – Types of consent – Types of common complaints – Burden of
proof & ‘Res Ipsa Loquitor’. Withholding of life support in the Critically III – Euthanasia –
Dying declaration ––Reasonable care

Unit 3

Medical ethics – introduction – person centered ethics – ethics and ethical codes –
international code of medical ethics – code of medical council of India – services of life
and death – duty of preserving life.
Unit 4

Medical experimentation in man – Drug Trial - Truth and professional secrecy.

Unit 5
42
Medical termination of Pregnancy Act – Birth and Death registration Act – Drugs and
Cosmetics Act 1940. - Mental Health Act
Unit 6

The Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994 –Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation
and Prevention of Misuse) Act 1994 - Consumer Protection Act 1986– Kerala shops and
Commercial Establishments Act 1969–

Unit 7

The Indian Medical Council Act 1956 – The Indian Nursing Council Act 1947 –– The Pharmacy
Act 1948 – The Environment Protection Act 1986 & Bio-medical Waste (Management and
Handling Rules 1998)
Unit 8

Bonus Act 1965 – Employees Provident Fund Act 1952 – Employees State Insurance Act
1948
Unit 9

Factories Act 1948 – Gratuity Act 1972 – Industrial Dispute Act 1947
Unit 10
Minimum Wages Act 1948 – Trade Union Act 1926 – Maternity benefit Act 1961.

References

Kuchhal M C (2001) – Business Laws, Vikas PublishingHouse Pvt Ltd, Delhi

Goswani V G (1999) – Labour & Industrial Laws, Central Law
Agency,Allahabad. Rajkumar – Acts applicable to hospitals in India
Knight Bernard – Legal Aspects of Medical practice.

Bag R.K – Law of Medical Negligence and compensation

Cox H.W.V- Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology , The Law Book Co.(p) Ltd
WHO : Bioethics
WHO : Genetic, Ethics and Human Values
Prabhakara G.N: Professional Medical
Ethics
43
Siegerist Heantry : A history of Medicine – Vol. 1. Oxford University Press., London
Jagg O.P. Indian System of Medicine, Atma Ram and Sons, New Delhi.
Morely avid et al: Practising Health for all, Oxford University Press., London
Abraham Samuel D: Laws on Hosapital Administration

II YEAR PAPER VII

Skill Development in Hospital Administration

Objective: This course helps the students with an opportunity to observe, apply & practice
the theories & techniques they will learn as part of their MHA syllabus. This will act as an
internship for the students, so that, through a set of programmes, they will be able to
develop the skills necessary for an administrator in a hospital setting.

Pedagogical Approach:

In order to supplement & practice the theoretical knowledge gained through textbooks, &
lectures, students will perform various tasks like “undergo practical training in various
departments; organize seminars & workshosp; present papers & case studies; perform
role plays, management games & extempore sessions; undergo concurrent placements &
field studies; attend training programmes on Transactional Analysis and the like; etc”.
Reports submitted by the students on practical training in various departments, concurrent
placements & field studies etc will be evaluated by the faculty. All the programmes
organized & performed by the students will be evaluated by thefaculty.
As opportunity for development & training of skills is an important factor, these programmes
will be there from first year onwards. The marks of all the programmes organized as part
of skill development will be taken for the evaluation of thispaper.

Programmes to be under taken:

A minimum of three hours visit to the following departments on rotation at the

Hospital; Personnel – Public Relations – Finance – Accounts – Ticket Room – Medical
Records – Bio Medical – Radiology – CSSD – Corporate Relations – Insurance – Billing -
Pharmacy – Canteen – Plumbing – Electrical – Civil – Laundry – Waste Management – ETP
– Incinerator – Physiotherapy – Medical and Psychiatric Social Work – Counseling –
Projects - EDP – Front Office – OPD – Library – ICUS – Wards – Security – Casualty –

44
 Laboratory – Microbiology – Bio Chemistry – Blood Bank – Haematology – Histopathology
andPathology.
• OrganizingSeminars
• Presentation of papers, case studiesetc
• GroupDiscussions
• Role play
• Assignments
• Managementgames
• Workshops
• Negotiations
• TransactionalAnalysis
• Fieldstudies
• ExtemporeSessions

2.11. No: of hours per subject

As given under clause “Content of each subject in each year “

2.12. Practical training

As given under clause “Content of each subject in each year “ & “Teaching learning
methods “.
2.13. Records
Records should be maintained for project works done and for skill development
programme duly signed by the supervising teacher, HOD & Principal and should be
submitted at the time of University viva examination.

2.14. Dissertation:
As per KUHS norms

2.15. Speciality training if any

As given under clause “Content of each subject in each year “ & “Teaching learning
methods “.

45
2.16. Project work to be done

In the first year students shall undertake a project for 15 days duration which
shall be done in established hospitals with more than 300 beds within and
outside the state. The students have to select any hospital related issue as the
topic of work. The report is to be prepared as per research methods.

The final year placement extends over 45 days and is done in major hospitals
with more than 300 beds. The student is expected to study a particular topic or
issue relating to hospital administration. Satisfactory completion of project
placement and presentation in the form of a project report as per the format
given in annexure is mandatory for appearing the viva voce examination in
each year. Weightage in marks will be given for project reports for appropriate
application of the methods and techniques of statistics and operations
research.
2.17. Any other requirements [CME, Paper Publishing etc.]
As per KUHS norms
2.18. Prescribed/recommended textbooks for each subject
As given under “Content of each subject in each year”.

2.19. Reference books

As given under “Content of each subject in each year”.

2.20. Journals
As given under “Content of each subject in each year”.

2.21. Logbook
To be maintained and counter signed by the concerned HOD.
a) Log Book

A log book has to be maintained by all students and this has to be reviewed by
the HOD of the department periodically. Periodic assessment has also to be done
in the department by the teachers. Marks for the skills development will be
awarded internally based on the performance and participation of the student in
all the programmes undertaken by the college for the two years including the
forty departments the students are rotated.

46
 3. EXAMINATIONS

3.1 Eligibility to appear for exams

A candidate is required to put in at least 80% attendance and minimum 50% marks
in internal assessment in theory and practical in each subject separately from an
institution approved by or affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences in an
academic year.

3.2 Schedule of Regular/Supplementary exams

 Every year there shall be two examinations.The first examination in a year shall be
the regular examination and the second examination shall be supplementary
examination, which will be conducted within 6 months after the declaration of the
results of the Regular examination.
3.3 Scheme of examination showing maximum marks and minimum marks

 The viva voce examination and valuation of project report will be conducted at the
end of each year by atleast two internal examiners and one external examiner
appointed by the University.
 A candidate, on the event of failure in evaluation of any one or more project
report and viva voce, he/she may reappear and pass the same before the
finalization of concerned examinations results
 The year wise details regarding the names of subjects and marks are shown below

SL. Name of papers Internal University Minimum Total Contact

Assessment Examination for pass Hours
No.
Min Max (Internal
+
Uni. Exam)

47
1 Paper I General 20 50 100 60 120 150
Management

2 Paper II Hospital 20 50 100 60 120 150

Administration PartI
3. Paper III
Research
methodology & 20 50 100 60 120 150
Biostatistics

4. Paper IV
Medical Records &
Medical Equipment 20 50 100 60 120 150
5. Paper V
Organisational
Behaviour & 20 50 100 60 120 150
Managerial
Communication
6. Paper VI Operations 20 50 100 60 120 150
Research
7. Paper VII
BMS &
Epidemiology 20 50 100 60 120 150

8. Paper IX Hospital 60 75 150 105 210 15days

Project

9. Paper X project 75 150 75 150

Defense & Viva Voce

TOTAL 200 1000 1200

48
 Second year

Sl. Name of papers Internal University Minimum Total Contact

Assessment Examination for pass Hours
No.
(Internal
Min Max
uni. Exam)

1 Paper I
Hospital
20 50 100 60 120 150
Administration Part
2
2 Paper II
Hospital Economics
& 20 50 100 60 120 150

Finance

3. Paper III

Management 20 50 100 60 120 150

Accounting &Cost

Accounting

4. Paper IV

Materials 20 50 100 60 120 150

Management &

TQM

49
 5. Paper V

Marketing for Health 20 50 100 60 120 150

care Services &
Strategic

6. Paper VI
Management Legal

Framework for
20 50 100 60 120 150
Hospitals

7. Paper VII Skills 80 40 80 200

Development in
Hospital
Administration(
Internal)
8. Paper VIII Hospital 100 100 200 150 300 45days
Project

9. Paper IX project 100 200 100 200

Defense & VivaVoce

TOTAL 300 1300

1000

3.4 Papers in each year:

As given under “Content of each subject in each year
3.5 Details of theory exams
First year MHA
As per clause 3.3

50
 Second year MHA

3.6 Model question paper for each subject with question paper pattern

51
52
53
54
55
3.7 Internal assessment component
The internal marks will be awarded by the HOD on the basis of the assessment done
by the faculty relating to the class tests, assignments, performance in the seminar,
56
 class participation etc.
A candidate must obtain 50% of marks in internal assessment to be eligible to write
the university examination. The average internal assessment marks of the whole class
should not exceed 75% of maximum marks for regular and 80% for supplementary.

Practical Examination: A certified Record is compulsory for project works and Skill
Development Programme that will be evaluated at the time of concerned Examination.
3.8 Details of practical/clinical practicum exams
As given in KUHS website
3.9 Number of examiners needed (Internal & External) and their qualifications
 Examiner – From within this University or other Universities with 5 years Post PG
teaching experience.
 There shall be three examiners for project evaluation and Viva examination-two
internal and one external, who will jointly evaluate the performance of the candidate
and conduct viva voce examination and award marks.
3.10 Details of viva:
As given under “Scheme of examination showing maximum & Minimum Marks”.

4 Qualification and experience including that of the Head of the Dept.

Core faculty should have full time Postgraduate degree in Master of Hospital
Administration/ Hospital Management / M Sc in Hospital Administration/Hospital
Management / MBA in hospital Administration /Hospital Management or M Phil
(HHSM from BITS Pilani with five years full time teaching experience in MHA course)
from a recognized institution affiliated to University established under law or MD –
Hospital Administration degree from an institution, recognized by Medical Council of
India.

The core faculty only can guide the students for the project work and shall be an
examiner for the viva-voce. Faculty student ratio is limited to 1:5.

Lecturer:
Qualification: Master of Hospital Administration/ Hospital Management or M.Sc. in
Hospital Administration/Hospital Management or MBA in hospital Administration
/Hospital Management from an institution affiliated to University established under
law or MD – Hospital Administration degree from an institution, recognized by
Medical Council of India.

Assistant Professor

57
 Qualification and experiences: The qualification required shall be as that of lecturer.
The experiences required shall be 3 years full time teaching experiences as a lecturer
for full time Masters Course in Hospital Management/ Hospital Administration or
equivalent affiliated to a university established under law.

Associate Professor
Qualification and experiences : Master of Hospital Administration/Hospital
Management or M Sc in Hospital Administration/Hospital management or MBA in
Hospital Administration /Hospital Management or M Phil (HHSM from BITS Pilani) or
M D Hospital Administration from an institution affiliated to University established
under law with 7 years full time teaching experience for full time Masters Course in
Hospital Management/ hospital Administration or equivalent affiliated to a university
established under law

Professor and HOD

Master of Hospital Administration/Hospital Management or M Sc in Hospital
Administration/Hospital management or MBA in Hospital Administration /Hospital
Management or M Phil (HHSM from BITS Pilani) or M D Hospital Administration from
an institution affiliated to University established under law with 10 Years full time
teaching experience for full time Masters Course in Hospital Management/
Administration or equivalent affiliated to a university established under law.

Or

15 years managerial experience in Hospital, after a post graduate degree of Master of

Hospital Administration/ Hospital Management or M Sc in Hospital
Administration/Hospital management or MBA Hospital Administration /Hospital
Management or M Phil HHSM from BITS Pilani or M D Hospital Administration degree
from an institution recognized by Medical Council of India or equivalent affiliated to a
university established under law of which at least 7 years at senior level of
Administrator of 500 bedded hospital and 8 years full time teaching experience for
full time Masters Course in Hospital Administration / Hospital Management or
equivalent in an institution affiliated to University established under law.

In the absence of a person with above qualifications, a candidate with full time post
graduate degree in management (MBA, MHRM, MA (PM&IR), etc) with 18 years full
time managerial experience in Hospital after post graduation, of which at least 7
years at senior level of Administrator of 500 bedded hospital and 8 years full time
teaching experience after a post graduate degree in management for full time
Masters Course in Hospital Management/ Hospital Administration or equivalent with
affiliation to a university established under law will be considered.

Staff requirements (core faculty) of the MHA Course

For an intake of 10 students:
Sl No Staff Description Number Qualification& Experiences
1 Professor and HOD 1 Specified as above
2 Associate professor 1 Specified as above
58
3 Assistant Professor 1 Specified as above
4 Lecturers 2 Specified as above
•
• For an intake of 20 students:
Sl No Staff Description Number Qualification& Experiences
1 Professor and HOD 1 Specified above
2 Associate professor 1 Specified above
3 Assistant Professors 2 specified above
4. Lecturers 4 specified above
•
• For an intake of 30 students:
Sl No Staff Description Number Qualification & Experiences
1 Professor and HOD 1 Specified above
2 Associate Professor 1 Specified above
3 Assistant professors 3 specified above
4 Lecturers 7 specified above

Core faculty should have MD (HHM) /DNB (HHA) /M. Phil (HHSM) / MHA/M.Sc.
(HA) from an institution affiliated under law. The core faculty only can guide the
students for the project work and shall be an examiner for the viva-voce. Faculty
student ratio is limited to 1:5 per year.

Maximum number of students (including first year and second year MHA) a
faculty could guide at a time is limited to five.
Qualifications of Staff

Teachers with the following qualifications can also handle various related theory
papers.
• MBBS & MD (Hospital & HealthManagement)
• MBBS & DNB (Hospital & HealthAdministration)
• M. Phil (Hospital and Health SystemsManagement)
• Master of Hospital Administration(MHA)
• M.Sc. HospitalAdministration
• Postgraduate Degree with LL.B., orLL.M.,
• Master of Business Administration(MBA)
• Master of Human Resource Management (MHRM / MA (PM &IR)
• Master of Social Work(MSW)
• M.Com. (Master ofCommerce)
59
 • M.Sc.(Physiology) (Microbiology)(Anatomy)
• M. Sc.(MedicalDocumentation)
• M.C.A
• M.Sc.(Anatomy)
• MPT
• MBA
• MAEconomics
• CA
• B.Tech (Biomedical)
• P.hD in Hospital Administration

4. INTERNSHIP
Not Applicable
5. ANNEXURES

5.1 Check Lists for Monitoring: Log Book, Seminar Assessment etc. to be formulated by
the curriculum committee of the concerned Institution

FORMAT OF MHA PROJECT REPORT

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT CHAPTER 2:

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

• Problem statement/ Scope ofstudy

• Obective ofstudy

• Researchdesign

• Theorectical & operationaldefinitions

• Research setting & Sources ofdata

• Samplingdesign
60
 • Pilotstudy

• Validation/standardization

• Tools &techniques

• Method of datacollection

• Proposal for processing & analysis ofdata

• Limitations ofstudy

• Timebudget

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA

CHAPTER 5 : FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

The details of the format to be followed for the Report is as follows:

The Report shall be typed on white paper, size 210 X 297 mm, 7 Kg, bond, for the original
typescript and others shall be hpotocopies.
1. TYPING
The typing shall be in standard letter size, double spaced on one side of the paper
only, using black ribbon.
2. MARGIN
The typed sheet shall have the margins: Left 35 mm, Right 20 mm, Bottom 20 mm.
3. BINDING
The report shall be rexin bound.
4. LETTERING
The lettering shall be inscribed, on the bound back and the front cover.
The bound back shall contain the title and the name of the student in 3 mm size letters.

61
 5. FRONTCOVER
The front cover shall contain the following details:
• Top: The title in block capitals of 6 mm size letters, properlycentered.
• Full name of the candidate in block capitals of 3 mm size letters, properlycentered.
• Purpose of the work and University name in block letters properlycentered
• Bottom: Name of the Institution, year of submission - all in block capitals of 3 mm
size letters in separate lines with spacing and properly centered. (This is a
standard format)
6. BLANKSHEET
At the beginning and the end of the report two white blank sheets of 7 kg. Bond paper
shall be provided one for the purpose of binding and another to be left blank.
7. TITLESHEET
The title sheet shall be the first typed sheet and shall follow immediately the blank sheet.
8. CONTENTS
The contents shall indicate the title of Chapters, Section and sub-sections etc., using
the decimal notation with corresponding page numbers against them.
11. LIST OFTABLES

§ The ‘contents’ shall be followed by a ‘List of Tables’ indicating the Table number, Table
title and the corresponding page number. The Table number shall be in decimal
notation indicating the Chapter number and the Table number in that Chapter.
§ Any reference within the text shall be given by quoting the relevant number, e.g. Table
2.2.
12. LIST OFFIGURES
§ The ‘List of Figures’ shall follow the ‘List of Tables’ indicating the Figure numbers, Figure
titles and the corresponding page numbers. The Figure shall be in decimal notation
indicating the Chapter number and the figure number in that Chapter. For e.g., 6.4 refers
to Fig.4 in Chapter 6.
§ Any reference within the text shall be given by quoting the relevant number, e.g. ‘Fig. 6.4.’

13. ABBREVATION /NOMENCLATURE

The ‘Nomenclature’ follows the ‘List of Figures’ and contains the list of symbols used. They
62
 shall be arranged alphabetically in order of Latin letters, Greek letters, superscripts and
subscripts. As far as possible generally accepted symbols shall be used. Symbols not
available in typewriters shall be written in permanent black ink.
15. CHAPTERNUMBERING
The Chapter shall be numbered in Arabic numerals, Section and sub-section of any chapter
shall be in decimal notation. All chapters shall begin on a new page. The titles for
chapters, sections, and sub-sections shall be in block capitals. The chapter number and
title shall be properly centered at the top of the page and have three spaces between
them.
16. INTRODUCTION TO THEPROJECT
The first chapter will be introductory Chapter. These chapter shall highlight the importance
of the investigation and also define the topic and scope of the work envisaged.
17. REVIEW OFLITERATURE
It shall present a critical appraisal of the previous work done on the topic. The extend of an
emphasis on this chapter shall depend on nature of Investigation.
18. WORKDONE
• The work carried out by the student shall be presented in one or more
chapters depending on the type of work. A typical format will be a chapter
each on Data Collection, Analysis of DataFormations
• Each chapter may have several sections and sub-sections with suitabletitles.
• Important and short derivations, and representative data in tables and Figures,
shall be presented in these chapters. Information such as lengthy derivations,
voluminous tables and large number of figures shall be presented in theAppendix.
• Figures and tables shall be on separate sheets and not inserted on the papers with
running text. Depending on the size, figures and table shall be accommodated on
sheets of size 210 x 297 mm or 197 x 450 or 297 x 625 mm. If there are longer
tables that cannot be accommodated on these sheets, there shall be a
continuation table. Very large figures shall be placed in a pouch at end of the
report. All figures and table included in the Appendices shall be accordingly
mentioned in the text, Lettering on figures shall be uniform either in engineering
letters or typed. Each figure should be self-sufficient to provide all the

63
 information. There must be a title for every figure andtable.

• Mathematical portions of the text shall preferably by typed. Where it is not

possible, ample space shall be left, and equations and symbols shall be inserted
clearly in permanent blackink.

• CONCLUDINGCHAPTERS

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

This should include a thorough evaluation of the investigation carried out and shall bring
out the contribution, if any. The discussion shall logically lead to certain conclusions and
inferences. A suggested scheme of implementation should also be included.
20. REFERENCES
§ Bibliography shall follow the last chapter. If shall give a list of works (papers, books, etc.)
referred to in the body of the text and they shall be arranged in the order they are first
cited in the text.
The numbering shall be in an Arabic numeral indicated as superscript along with
the author’s name in the text.
For any paper in information shall contain the names of the authors the title of the
journal, the volume number underscored, the page number and the year of
publication in parenthesis.
In the case of references from journals and books in languages other than English
the titles of the journals or books should be transliterated into latin script and not
translated.
For any book the information shall contain the names of the authors, the title of the
book, the name of the publisher, the edition, and year of publication in the
parenthesis. For papers and books with joint authorship, the name of all the authors
shall be reproduced in the same order. The author’s name shall begin with the name
followed by initials.

For example:
Journal:
64
Vyas A.L., ‘Fuzzy Logic’ – A New Vista for Industrial Engineering, S. & Industrial
Engineering News, Vol.2(2), 1995, pp. 1-15.
Books:
Hedge, B.K. Copen, M.R., Production Management Text and Cases, Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi, 1972, pp. 101-105.
21. APPENDICES
Appendices will be numbered in Roman capitals. The appendices shall normally
contain detailed or lengthy derivations, sample calculations, voluminous, large
figures and calculations.

(Page 1)

A Study

On-----------------------------------at

----------------------------------------Hospital

Submitted to

KUHS University, Trissur

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of

the Degree of

MASTER OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION

For the academic session 2012-2013 By

---------------------

-------Year Reg.No.------
----

Under the Guidance of-------------- Department of Hospital

Administration

65
 --------------------- Institute

----------------------, Kerala, S.Indi

(Page 2)

A Study

On-----------------------------------at

----------------------------------------Hospital

Submitted to

KUHS University, Trissur

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of

the Degree of

MASTER OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION

For the academic session 2012-2013 By----------

-----------

-------Year

Reg.No.----------

Under the Guidance of-------------- Department of Hospital

Administration

--------------------- Institute

----------------------, Kerala, S.India

ExaminerI ExaminerII

(Page 3)

66
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled “ ----------------------“, is an authentic record
of the original work done by me under the guidance of --------------and further that no part
of this work has been presented for any other degree or diploma earlier.

Place: Signature of thestudent

Name of the student

Date: Regn.No.

(Page 4)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ------- is a student of this institute. She has successfully completed
the ------- Year Project Work on “----------------------------- at ------------- Hospital,” as partial

67
fulfillment of the course MASTER OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION affiliated to KUHS
University during the academic year ---------.

Head oftheDepartment ProjectGuide

Date: Principal

Place:

(Page 5)

68
 (Copy of the certificate of the Hospital where the student did her/his project)

(Page 6)

CopyRight

I hereby declare that Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala shall have the
rights to preserve, use and disseminate this project work in print or electronic format for
academic/ research purpose.

69
Date: Signature of theCandidate,

Place: Name of theStudent

(Page 7)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

70
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name of the Student

(Page 8)

Preface

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------

71
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------

-------------------------------------

Place: Name

Date: Regn.No

(Page 9)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED

72
 (Page 10&11)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (In 2 pages)

73
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVE

METHODOLOGY

RESULT

INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION

(Page 12)

74
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapters Contents Page

Number

75
 (Page 13)

LIST OF TABLES

Sl.No. Tables Page

Number

76
 (Page 14)

LIST OF FIGURES

77
Sl.No. Figure PageNumber

78
(Page 15 onwards)

CHAPTER 1 Onwards

79