SAMPLE PROJECT REPORT

FABRICATION OF MINI LATHE MACHINE

A Mini Project Report

Submitted by
Batch No: 06

GOURANNAGARI SOWMYA 19HR1A0308

THOTOLLA T.PAVAN KUMAR 19HR1A0330
TALARI NARESH 20HR5A0305
SAYED MUBARAK 19HR1A0327
PATHRI THARUN 20HR5A0304

Under the Supervision of

Mr.G.GANGARAJU M.Tech
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

MOTHER THERESA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC)
Melumoi(P&V), Palamaner-517408, A.P., INDIA
2020-2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are extremely thankful to our beloved Secretary & Correspondent Sri. M.

Ravindra Babu and Chairman Sri. M.R. Sunil, who took keen interest and
encouraged us in every effort throughout this course.

We owe our gratitude to Dr. M. Lakshmikantha Reddy, Principal, MOTHER

THERESA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY for permitting us to
use the facilities available to accomplish the project successfully.

We express our heartfelt thanks to Dr. R. T. Sarath Babu, Associate Professor and
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his kind attention and valuable
guidance to us throughout this course.

We are thankful to our Project Coordinator Mr. Rajesh Kumar. K, Associate

Professor for his valuable support and guidance throughout the project work.

We are extremely thankful to our Project Supervisor Mr.G.Gangaraju, Assistant

Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering who took keen interest
and encouraged us in every effort throughout this project.

We also thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Mechanical Engineering
Department for their cooperation.

Project Associates

GOURANNAGARI SOWMYA

THOTOLLA T.PAVAN KUMAR

TALARI NARESH

SAYED MUBARAK

PATHRI THARUN
 ABSTRACT

A lathe machine is used for rotating a workpiece in order to perform

sanding, cutting, drilling, knurling and turning operations on the workpiece.
Lathes have been used on woodworking, metal parts and also on plastic nylon
parts for a long time in the industry. So here we study the design and fabrication
of a mini lathe machine. Our machine consists of a motor with belt arrangement
used to drive the lathe chuck. The machine consists of a bed with a movable
arrangement. It consists of a holder in order to hold the desired tool in desired
position. We use a chuck attached to the spindle shaft in order to run the motor.
Our motor once powered transmits this power to the spindle through a belt
mechanism, which is then used to rotate the chuck. This rotates the workpeice in
chuck. The machine is built to hold and rotate the workpeice and move the tool
in a sliding mechanism, so as to achieve the desired operations.

The machine outer frame is designed to hold the workpeice firmly with
tool in place so as to achieve desired operations with ease. Thus we successfully
study the design and fabrication.
 INDEX

CHAPTER CHAPTER NAME PAGE NUMBER

NUMBER
INTRODUCTION
1 i

2 Parts of Mini Lathe iii

Machine

HISTORY
3 ix

LITERATURE REVIEW
4 x

WORKING PRINCIPLE iii

5

CONCLUSION iii
6

REFERENCE
7 iii
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A lathe machine is used for rotating a workpiece in order to perform sanding,

cutting, drilling, knurling and turning operations on the workpiece. Lathes have been
used on woodworking, metal parts and also on plastic nylon parts for a long time in
the industry. So here we study the design and fabrication of a mini lathe machine. Our
machine consists of a motor with belt arrangement used to drive the lathe chuck. The
machine consists of a bed with a movable arrangement. It consists of a holder in order
to hold the desired tool in desired position. We use a chuck attached to the spindle
shaft in order to run the motor. Our motor once powered transmits this power to the
spindle through a belt mechanism, which is then used to rotate the chuck. This rotates
the workpeice in chuck. The machine is built to hold and rotate the workpeice and
move the tool in a sliding mechanism, so as to achieve the desired operations. The
machine outer frame is designed to hold the workpeice firmly with tool in place so as
to achieve desired operations with ease. Thus we successfully study the design and
fabrication.
The wood lathe machine is introduced to lessen the human suffering and to
improve economical and technological standard, and for years now Nigeria
recognized that she was economically and technological poor and has been
economically dependents on the western world for survival in terms of technology. To
dis-encourge this importation of technological equipment placed embarge on the
importation of certain goods and this inspired our people to recognized indigenous
technology though our fore father used axe, cutlass and some other sharp tools fro
designingWwoods.
But, as time goes on, technologist introduced wood lathe machine, which comes in
various designs and models as technology improves. Thus , the importance of wood
lathe cannot be over emphasized. It is the acknowledgement of this fact that led to the
design of wood lathe machine, even though this project of design and fabrication of
wood lathe machine is a copied design, we tried to improve more on this machine so
that it can design wood with little or no stress, utilizing the available material in order
to reduced cost for production purposes and durability being of utmost importan

i
FIGURE 1.1 WORKING MODEL

ii
 CHAPTER 2
Parts of Mini Lathe Machine
2.1 .Motor
DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts
direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common
types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC
motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic,
to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor . DC
motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from
existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed
can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by
changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used
in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct
current but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and
appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles,
elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in
many applications  High Torque Voltage Current : DC 12V  Speed: 4000RPM
Motor Shaft Diameter: 3.17mm Mounting  Diameter of the Motor: 36mm
Length of the Motor (Body): 50mm Length of Shaft: 16mm

FIGURE 2.1 DC MOTOR

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2.2 chuck
A chuck is a specialized type of clamp. It is used to hold an object with radial symmetry,
especially a cylinder. In drills and mills it holds the rotating tool whereas in lathes it
holds the rotating workpiece. On a lathe the chuck is mounted on the spindle which
rotates within the headstock. For some purposes (such as drilling) an additional chuck
may be mounted on the nonrotating tailstock. Many chucks have jaws, (sometimes
called dogs) that are arranged in a radially symmetrical pattern like the points of a star.
The jaws are tightened up to hold the tool or workpiece. Often the jaws will be
tightened or loosened with the help of a chuck key, which is a wrench-like tool made
for the purpose. Many jawed chucks, however, are of the keyless variety, and their
tightening and loosening is by hand force alone. Keyless designs offer the convenience
of quicker and easier chucking and unchucking, but have lower gripping force to hold
the tool or workpiece, which is potentially more of a problem with cylindrical than
hexagonal shanks. Collet chucks, rather than having jaws, have collets, which are
flexible collars or sleeves that fit closely around the tool or workpiece and grip it when
squeezed.

FIGURE 2.2 CHUCK

iv
2.3 Sliding Frame
The sliding frame is an elliptical welding construction made from solid steel and
specially developed as a silo discharge system for very difficult flowing bulk
material . Through the back and forth movement of the sliding frame, the stored
product is compulsively transported to one or more discharge screw conveyors.
The sliding frame is moved back and forth by means of a hydraulic cylinder
mounted outside the silo. The cylinder movement is activated by means of a
compact hydraulic unit.

FIGURE 2.3 Sliding Frame

2.4. Bearing
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired
motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may,
for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation
around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal
forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by
minimizing friction.

Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical
systems, and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure
supporting it. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft

v
rotating in a hole. Lubrication is often used to reduce friction. In the ball bearing and
roller bearing, to prevent sliding friction, rolling elements such as rollers or balls with
a circular cross-section are located between the races or journals of the bearing
assembly. A wide variety of bearing designs exists to allow the demands of the
application to be correctly met for maximum efficiency, reliability, durability and
performance.

FIGURE 2.4 Bearings

2.5 Jaint/Screw
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in
conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners are
kept together by a combination of their threads' friction (with slight elastic
deformation), a slight stretching of the bolt, and compression of the parts to be held
together. In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various
locking mechanisms may be employed: lock washers, jam nuts, specialist adhesive
thread-locking fluid such as Loctite, safety pins (split pins) or lockwire in conjunction
with castellated nuts, nylon inserts (nyloc nut), or slightly oval-shaped threads.

vi
Square nuts, as well as bolt heads, were the first shape made and used to be
the most common largely because they were much easier to manufacture,
especially by hand. While rare today due to the reasons stated below for the
preference of hexagonal nuts, they are occasionally used in some situations
when a maximum amount of torque and grip is needed for a given size: the
greater length of each side allows a spanner to be applied with a larger surface
area and more leverage at the nut.
Square nuts, as well as bolt heads, were the first shape made and used to be
the most common largely because they were much easier to manufacture,
especially by hand. While rare today due to the reasons stated below for the
preference of hexagonal nuts, they are occasionally used in some situations
when a maximum amount of torque and grip is needed for a given size: the
greater length of each side allows a spanner to be applied with a larger surface
area and more leverage at the nut.

FIGURE 2.5 Screw

vii
2.6 Lathe Cutting Tool
A tool bit is a non-rotary cutting tool used in metal lathes, shapers, and planers. Such
cutters are also often referred to by the set-phrase name of single-point cutting tool, as
distinguished from other cutting tools such as a saw or water jet cutter. The cutting
edge is ground to suit a particular machining operation and may be resharpened or
reshaped as needed. The ground tool bit is held rigidly by a tool holder while it is
cutting.

FIGURE 2.6 Lathe Cutting Tool

viii
 CHAPTER 3
HISTORY
Lathe is a very ancient tool and its first use dates back to 1300 BC in Egypt. Lathe
was also known and used in Assyria and Greece. Ancient Romans came to know
about this machine and they further developed this machine. During the medieval
period, the use of this machine had spread to most parts of Europe and it was during
the Industrial revolution when this machine gained popularity with its use in all the
industries. After the development of electronics, automated lathes have been
developed.

3.1 Evolution of Lathe

The first lathe was a simple lathe which was is now referred to as two person lathe.
One person would turn the wood work piece using rope and the other person would
shape the work piece using a sharp tool. This design was improved by Ancient
Romans who added a turning bow which eased the wood work. Later a pedal (as in
manual sewing machines) was used for rotating the work piece. This type of lathe is
called “spring pole” lathe which was used till the early decades of the 20th century. In
1772, a horse-powered boring machine was installed which was used for making
canons. During the Industrial revolution, steam engines and water wheels were
attached to the lathe to turn the work piece at higher speed which made the work
faster and easier. After 1950, many new designs were made which improved the
precision of work

ix
 CHAPTER 4

LITERATURE REVIEW
Machine Tool Catalogues, Sales & Technical Specification Literature . This page is
research paper topics technology development catalogues only – for Technical
Manuals and I've lived with this lathe for about 24 hours now and so far I think it is a
great lathe. Packaging was good. The lathe comes mostly assembled, packed in
styrofoam Samizdat was a key form of dissident activity across the Soviet bloc in
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x
 CHAPTER 4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong
supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is
rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed against the revolving work. The
normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at
right angles to the axis of the work.

4.1 LATHE OPERATIONS

The engine lathe is an accurate and versatile machine on which many operations can
be performed. These operations are:

1. Plain Turning and Step Turning

2. Facing

3. Parting

4. Drilling

5. Reaming

6. Boring

7. Knurling

8. Grooving

9. Threading

10. Forming

11. Chamfering

12. Filling and Polishing

13. Taper Turning

xi
Figure 4.1 lathe mini machine mechanical projects

xii
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

Lathe is a very important machine in engineering which is used in most of the

fields. They are used for Diamond turning, ornamental turning, metal spinning,

glass working, thermal spraying and many other operations. Lathe work is

found in most of the products which we use in our day to day life. Lathe will

remain as an important machine at all times.

The advanced lathes have many benefits over the conventional lathes. In
conventional lathes, the lathe operator checks the dimensions regularly to get
perfect precision and the time taken to complete the work is more for high
precision works. This is very important because if he removes excess metal from
the work piece, the whole work piece will be a waste which will result in loss of
money and time. In automated CNC lathes, the feedback system continuously
monitors the dimensions and so they complete the operation in a short time with
high accuracy. The loss is minimal in automated lathes; they are much faster and
more efficient in terms of accuracy.

xiii
 CHAPTER 6

REFERENCE

 Production Technology By Op Kannan

 Ac Shaw Metal Cutting

 Ac Niranjan Manufacturing Process

 Kestoori Praveen Manufacturing Technology

xiv