FISHING

2008: Use the map of North-West Atlantic below to answer questions (a) and (b)

a) i) a)i) name the country m (1 mark)

- Canada
ii) Explain how the two ocean currents shown on the map influence fishing in the area. (4 marks)

- The convergence of the warm and cold currents causes upwelling of ocean water which bring minerals
for planktons to the surface attracting large number of fish to the area
The convergence of warm and cold currents modifies the temperature of the ocean water making the area
ideal for fishing throughout the year
- The cool waters favour survival of a wide variety of fish species which makes the area an important
fishing ground
b) Explain three factors that favour fishing in the area shaded on the map other than ocean currents.(6
marks)
- The area has a broad shallow continental shelf which provides suitable conditions for the growth of
plankton used by fish as food
- The region experiences low temperatures that are favourable for the survival of fish/for
preservation/storage of fish.
- Due to the ruggedness of the land bordering the shaded area/the short growing season. Many people
therefore concentrate on fishing as an alternative economic activity.
- The hinterland is densely populated thus providing ready market for the
fish.
- Advanced technology has resulted in highly developed ship building/fishing vessels are equipped with
modern preservation facilities, thus making it possible for fishermen to carryout large scale fishing.
- The indented coastline provides ideal fish breeding sites/sheltered bays are ideal for setting up fishing
villages and ports.
c) Explain why in East Africa, fresh water fishing is more developed than marine fishing.(6 marks)
- There numerous inland fishing grounds such as lakes and rivers which are accessible to many people.
- There is low demand for sea fish compared to fresh water fish making fresh water fishing more
preferable.
- The narrow continental shelf along the coast of East Africa limits the growth of plankton thus limiting the
breeding of fish/limiting the variety of edible fish.
- The stiff competition if the open sea from the industrialized countries whose fishermen use modern
fishing equipment discourages local fisherman
- The limited technology and inadequate capital make it difficult to develop marine fishing.
d) The diagram below shows a fishing method

(i) Describe how the method is used in catching fish.(5 marks)

- A bag-shaped net is attached to a trawler/ship
- The net is cast into the water by the trawler
- The nets’ mouth is kept open by other boards/head beam
- The upper part of the net is kept afloat by corks/floats.
- Weights are used to keep the lower part of the net at the sea bed
- The trawler drags the net along the sea bed.
- After sufficient fish has been caught, the net hauled to the trawler to empty the fish,
ii) (ii) List three methods used to preserve fish.(3 marks)
Canning - Salting
- Freezing - Sun-drying
- Smoking - Frying

2006: (a) (i) Define the term fisheries. (2mks)

 Fisheries are water bodies where exploitation of aquatic organisms is carried out.
(ii) Name two countries in Southern Africa that are important for marine fish Production.
(2mks)
 South Africa
 Angola
 Namibia ( Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)
(b) Explain four factors that favour the fishing industry in Japan
 The cool waters are ideal for fish breeding because of the abundant supply of plankton / fish
food
 The coast has many off- shore islands which provide sheltered inlets ideal for the establishment
of fishing port/ villages
 The intended coastline provides secure breeding grounds for fish The meeting of the warm
Kuro Siwo and the cold Siwo Ocean currents result in upwelling of the sea water thus bringing
minerals for the planktons from the sea bed to the surface
  The mountainous nature of the country restricts agricultural activities hence fishing is an
alternative economic activity
 Most settlements are found along the coast and main occupation of the people there is fishing
 The Japanese have advanced technology that is used in fishing, processing and preservation of
fish
 Japan has a large population which provides ready local market for fish.
 Japanese have a long history of sea faring thus are highly experienced in fishing
 The shallow continental shelf allows light to the sea bed for growth of micro- organisms which
are food for fish
 The cool waters encourages thriving of numerous species of aquatic life. ( Any 4 x 2 = 8 mks)
(c) Describe purse seining as a method of fishing
 It uses two boats, one large and one small
 It uses a large net
 The net has floats on top and weights at the bottom to keep it in a vertical position while in water
 The net has a string along its bottom edge
 The fishermen begin by locating a shoal/ area rich in fish
 The small boat drags the net to enclose the area that has fish
 The string at the bottom of the net is pulled to close the net at the bottom and trap the fish
 The net is pulled out of the water and fish hauled into the large boat for preservation and
transportation to the shore. ( Any 6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(d) (i) State four problems experienced in the marketing of fish in Kenya
 Some fishing areas are far from the markets and roads are in poor condition thus fish goes bad
enroute
 Fishermen lack appropriate storage and preservation facilities
 There are limited local markets due to cultural beliefs
 The external markets are limited by tight restrictions/ competition from other producers
 The limited number of fish species limits the market ( Any 4 x 1 = 4 mks)
(ii) State three ways in which the Kenya government is promoting fishing industry in the country
 Fishermen are given loans
 Fishermen are encouraged to form cooperatives
 Research is carried out/ the over – fished are re- stocked with fingerlings
 There is standardization of the size of nets used in fishing
 There is restriction of fishing from some specific parts of the sea where fish breeds
 Laws have been enacted against water pollution to protect fish
 Clearing of water hyacinth from the fresh water fisheries ( Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
2003: Use the map of North America (in question paper) to answer question (a)
a) (i) i) Name two methods of fishing used in the shaded areas
 Trawling
 Purse-seining
 Drifting /gill net
 Lining /Line /hook and line/longline
(ii) Name two types of fish caught along the west coast of Canada
 
Salmon Flounder
 
Mackerel Tuna
 
Herring Sardine

Haddock

Pilchard

(iii) Explain how the following factor favours fishing in the shaded areas
Indented coastline
•
These provide secure breeding grounds for fish because the bays are sheltered
from the sea waves.
•
The sheltered bays provide suitable sites for building fishing ports/fish landing
sites Ocean currents
•
The meeting of the cold and warm currents cause up welling of the ocean water
which bring plankton/fish food to the surface.
•
Colder currents provide ideal temperature for survival of numerous species of
fish/growth of planktons.

b) Explain four ways in which marine fisheries in Kenya can be conserved

•
To increase the fish number/ restock over fished areas by breeding fingerlings in
fish farms and then release them into the sea/induced fish regeneration.
•
Standardizing the size of fish nets used in fishing to ensure that only the mature
fish are caught.
•
Restricting disposal of untreated waste into the sea to ensure that the water
remains clean for survival of fish.
•
Enforcing the international conventions in order to protect the endangered fish
species
•
Licensing fishermen to control their numbers and ensure that there is no ever-
fishing
 •
Restricting fishing to specific seasons to allow for breeding and maturing of fish/
ensuring natural regeneration of fish..
•
c) (i) Give three methods used to preserve fish
•
Freezing
•
Salting
•
Canning
•
Sun drying
•
Smoking

(ii) Explain three problems experience by fishermen while fishing in Lake Victoria.
•
The occurrence of strong wind lead to high waves causing accidental
drowning/destruction of fishing vessels and nets
•
Most fishermen have poor fishing equipments/ motorboat engines which are
inefficient. This leads to a low catch delayed landing.
•
Fishermen lack appropriate storage/preservation facilities lead to low catch
•
Presence of floating vegetation/water hyacinth entangles and tears the fishing
nets, which is a loss to the fishermen. // hunters movement of fishing boats.
•
Parts pf the lake shores are swampy/marshy which makes the landing of the
catch difficult
•
Insecurity // theft of fish and fishing equipment discourages the fisherman.

2002: State three measures that have been taken to conserve fisheries in Kenya.
•
The over fished areas are being restocked.
•
There are laws enacted against indiscriminate fishing / types of nests/ seasons for fishing areas free
for fishing.
•
Special hatcheries have been set up for artificial fertilization of eggs pisciculture.
•
Disposal of effluent into fisheries is prohibited / control of water pollution through legislation.
•
Research is carried out of expand and improve fisheries
•
Institutions have been set up to train personnel to manage fisheries.
b) Give four reasons why Norway is a great fishing nation
o It has an extensive continental shelf.
o Its water is rich in plankton
o It has a long forded coastline which provides sheltered waters ideal of fishing / breeding
ground for fish.
o Cold climate / rugged terrain drove people to fishing
o Norway has a long tradition in sailing and fishing
 o Its cool climate makes preservation of fish easy / it has advanced technology in fish
preservation / fishing advance techniques.

1999: The map below shows some major fishing grounds in the world. Use it to answer question (a)
 -

(i) Name the countries marked P and Q (2 marks)

P- Norway
Q- Japan

(ii) Explain four conditions that favour fishing in the shaded coastal waters (8 marks)
o The area has cool waters which have abundant supply of plantation which is the
main food for fish
 The areas have shallow continental shelves which allow light to
penetrate to the sea below encouraging the growth of micro-
organisms used as food by fish
 The areas experience convergence of warm and cool currents which
result in upwelling of ocean waters thus bringing minerals for fish
and plankton from the sea bed to the surface
 Most of the coast are indented/ have numerous sheltered bays which
provide secure breeding grounds for fish.
 The shelters bays provide suitable sites for building fishing ports/
fish landing sites
 The large population in these area limits agricultural activities thus
people turn to fishing as an alternative economic activity/ cold
climate also limit agriculture
 Cold climate provides natural preservation of fish

(b) The diagrams below represent some fishing methods

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(i) Name the methods R and S

R – Trawling
S – Basket fishing
(ii) Describe how each of the two methods is used in fishing
Basket fishing
o The basket funnel shaped to allow easy entry for fish
o At the mouth there is a non- return valve which restricts the outward/ escape
movement of fish once inside the basket it is held in position with tropes/ stones/
sticks to prevent it from being swept downstream
o The basket is left in that position for some time/ overnight then removed for
landing the fish
Trawling
o A bag – shaped net is attracted to a ship – trawler
o The nets mouth is kept open by otter boards/ head beam
o The upper part of the net is kept a float by corks/ floats
o Weights are used to keep the lower parts of the net at the seabed
o The trawler drags along the net
o After sufficient fish is caught, the net is hauled to the trawler
(c) Explain three measures used to conserve fish in Kenya
o Fishing is restricted to specific seasons to allow for breeding and maturing of
fish
 The size if the nets used in fishing are standardized to ensure
that fingerlings are not caught
 Licenses are issued to prospective fishermen to control their
number and to ensure that there is no over fishing
 The law of the sea restricts fishing in the exclusive economic
zones/ this ensure the protection of marines fisheries from
external exploitation
 Fish farming is being encouraged to ensure that there is
sufficient supply of fish from other sources other than the
natural fisheries
 There is restriction of the water remain artificial fertilization is
carried out is special hatcheries to sustain the supply of fish/
restocking of over fished waters
1997: a) State three reasons why marine fisheries in Kenya are underdeveloped

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o The continental shelf is narrow
o Poor transport connections to the fisheries
o Local fishermen do not have adequate capital
o The coastline is fairy straight/has few indentations
o The water is too warm for fish breeding/ lack of up welling of water/shallow
continental shelf
o There is low demand for fish
o The fishermen lack modern equipment/preservation facilities/storage facilities
o Inadequate skills/inadequate research/technology
o Competition from developed countries
b) State three ways through which fish farming contributes to the economy of Kenya
o Provides alternative sources of protein/save foreign exchange
o Encourages development of infrastructure
o It is a source of income for the farmers/earns foreign exchange
o It creates employment opportunities
o It promotes industrial development
2012: a) Name two methods used in deep sea fishing
- Trawling
- Drifting
- Seining
- Line fishing

b) State three ways in which the Kenya Government is promoting the fishing industry
- Encouraging fish farming
- Restoking overfished areas
- banning indiscriminate fishing /enforcing the use of standardised nets/
- Establishing research stations
- controlling water hyacinth
- dredging of silted lakes
- looking for external markets for fish
2020:.(a) Differentiate between fishing and fisheries.(2 marks)

- Fishing is the exploitation of water resources while fisheries are water bodies that
contain fish and other resources of interest that merit fishing

(b) Give three reasons why fish farming is being encouraged in Kenya.(3 marks)
 Create job opportunities within the fishing sector and other related sectors like filleting
industry, fertilizer making transport.
 Farmers sell fish from the farms to earn income
 Fish farming is one way of diversifying the countries economies cushioning it from economic
shock waves
 Fish farming utilizes small space of land leaving land for other economic activities, suitable
for ever reducing land sizes due to population increase
 Fish farms are owned by individuals therefore practiced under proper land tenure systems this
prevents territorial conflicts

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 Fish farms provide fish that is quality animal protein with low cholesterol preferred by many.
 Fish from fish farms are exported to earn the country foreign exchange
 Fishing activities on farms have promoted other related industries like net making,
transportation, Hotels
 In malaria prone areas, fish farming is encouraged since it feeds on mosquito larvae, stopping
lifecycle of malaria
 It’s the best way of using waterlogged swampy areas which would otherwise be useless.
 Large fish farms allow sport fishing.
 Majority of food leftovers in the homes, can be feed to fish this minimises food wastage
 Timing or monitoring of fish maturity, can be done, there estimated time for harvesting can be
determined
2019: (a) Define the term Fisheries.
 Fisheries are water bodies where exploitation of aquatic organisms/ life is carried out.

(b) Name three countries in Southern Africa that are important for marine harvesting.
 South Africa.
 Namibia Angola
.2018: (a) Name two categories of fish.(2 marks)
 Pelagic
 Demersal Anadromous.
 Fresh water.
 Salt water/ marine fish.

(b) Identify three methods of fishing that are used for deep sea fishing.(3 marks)
 Trawling.
 Long line.
 Purse seining Drifting.
 Whaling/harpooning.2016

2017: (a) List three traditional methods of fishing. (3 marks)

- Basket method

- Spear / arrow/harpooning

- Use of barriers/traps

- Use of herbs Gill nets Hook and line

- Use of lamp and net/lampara

(b) Give three similarities of fishing in Kenya and Japan. (3 marks)

- In both countries fresh water and marine fishing are practiced.

- Inshore marine fishing is practiced in both countries,

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- Both countries practice fish farming.

- Overfishing is a problem in both countries.

- Both use fish as a raw material

- Both use modem fishing technology

- Both consume fish locally and export.

- In both countries fishing is supported by the government.

2014: (a) Define the term fishing.
 It is the extraction/exploitation of aquatic animals/fish. (2 marks)

(b) Explain two ways in which each of the following factors negatively affect fishing in Kenya.

(i) Agricultural activities

 Poor farming methods cause soil erosion thereby leading to siltation of the lakes/rivers which
hinders the movement of fishing vessels/ death of fish.
 Agro-chemicals used on farms were washed into the lakes/rivers thus polluting the water/kill
fish/eutrophication.
 Abstraction of water from the river/lakes for irrigation reduces the level of the water thereby
limiting the types of fish species.

(Any 2 x 2 = 4 marks)

(ii) Water Weeds

- The growth of the weeds on the surface of the water harbours dangerous animal/predators
thereby scaring away the fishermen.

- The weeds growing on the water form a thick barrier/insulate the water thereby hindering the
amount of sunlight required for the growth of Planktons

- The weeds on the water choke the fishing vessels thus hindering their movement.

- The Weeds compete for oxygen with fish which leads to death of fish.

(Any 2 x 2 = 4 marks)

(C) Use the map of North-West Atlantic fishing ground to answer question (c) (ii) and (iii).

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(i) Give three types of fish species caught in the North-West Atlantic fishing ground.

- Shell fish - Haddock

- Herring - Menhaden

- Cod - Lobseters

- Mackerel (3 marks)

(ii) Name the ocean currents marked.

M - Cold Labrador current (l mark)

N - Warm Gulf Stream (l mark)

(ii) Explain two ways in which the convergence of ocean currents marked M and N influence
fishing. (4 marks)

- It causes upwelling of water which increases supply of oxygen/minerals for Planktons required
for growth of fish hence presence of alot of fish/ many species of fish.

- The warm current raises the temperature of the ocean water making it ice-free thereby
encouraging fishing throughout the year.

- The cold current carries minerals which encourage growth of Planktons thus food for fish thus a
lot of fish.

- It causes cool conditions/temperatures thereby favouring the growth of Planktons required by

fish hence presence of a lot of fish / many species. (Any 2 x 2 = 4 marks)

(d) Give three differences between fishing in Kenya and Japan.

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- In Kenya there is low level of technology/mechanization while in Japan there is
advance/efficient technology.

- In Kenya fishing is done on small scale while in Japan fishing is down on large scale.

- In Kenya there is a small domestic/external market while in Japan there is large

domestic/external market.

- In Kenya few people market their fish through co-operatives while in Japan marketing is mainly
done through co-operatives.

- In Kenya fishing is mainly done near the continental shelf/shallow sea waters / lakes while in
Japan fishing it is mainly deep sea fishing.

- In Kenya fishermen face stiff competition from foreigners while in Japan there is little
competition from foreigners.

- In Kenya there are few variety of marine species while in Japan the species are many.

- In Kenya the fish eating culture is limited while in Japan it is widespread.

- In Kenya there is limited research while in Japan it is extensive.

- In Kenya fish farming is less developed while in Japan it is highly developed.

(Any 3 x 2 = 6 marks)
2011: (a) Define the term fisheries.

- Fisheries are water bodies where aquatic organisms/fish are found/reared for
exploitations. (2 marks)

(b) State three ways in which marine fisheries in Kenya can be conserved.

 Restocking the over fished areas.

 Standardizing the mesh size of nets to be used in fishing
 Licencing commercial fishermen to control their numbers.
 Restricting fishing to specific seasons.
 Restricting the disposal of untreated waste into the sea/control of water
pollution.
 Monitoring and discouraging the entry of foreign fishermen off the Indian
Ocean waters.
 Enforcing the International conventions to protect endangered fish species.

Any 3 x 1= 3 marks
2023: (a) Differentiate between pelagic and demersal fish.

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(i) Pelagic fish mainly live near the surface or in shallow waters lakes/sea/oceans, while demersal
are fish that live close to water bodies/deep waters. the bottom of
(ii) Describe the drift method of fishing.
- Nets are hang vertically in water,
- They are attached to a drifter/boat;
- They are kept afloat by floats on the upper side;
- The lower side is held by weights;
- Several nets can be joined together to form a fleet of nets.
- Fish swim through the nets and get trapped by the gills due to small mesh;
- The nets are dragged to the shore;
- The fish are removed from the nets and sold;
- The nets are then returned back to the sea for more catch.
(b) Explain four reasons why there is widespread fresh water fishing in East Africa.
- There are several water bodies/rivers/ponds/lakes that host a variety of fish
which are exploited.
- High demand for fresh water fish which are easily available
- Inland fishing grounds allow use of low technology/traditional methods as most
fishing grounds are shallow/most fishermen have less sophisticated instruments.
- A High population around the fishing grounds offer market for the fish. Fresh
water fish provide an alternative source of cheap protein.
- Fresh water fishing requires low capital investment.

(c) (i)Explain how each of the following factors influence fishing in Kenya and Japan.
• Market
- Japan has market for fish both locally and internationally while in ready market
for Kenya, the local market for fish is relatively small is few people eat fish
(2 marks)
• Technology
- Japan has advanced technology leading to efficient fishing in deep water, while
Kenya has low technology leading to concentration of fishing along the shores.

(2 marks)

(iii) State the significance of fishing to the economy of Kenya. (5mks)

- Fishing provides fish which is a source of income to the fishermen; Fishing
creates job opportunities.
- Fishing stimulates growth of other related industries/fish provides raw materials
for industries.
- Taxation of fishing activities bring revenue to the government.
-fishing is a source of protein food.
- Fish products are exported attracts sport fishing which earns foreign exchange.
- Has led Ito development of transport and communication networks
- Sports fishing promotes tourism.

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1990: a) Apart from fishing, name two other economic activities that are practiced along the
East African Coastal waters.
- mining of salt e.g. Fundisha salt works
- Tourism: numerous tourist resorts, marine parks etc.
- Transport: ocean liners and boats ply coastal waters
- exploitation of mangrove forest
- ship repair Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks.
b) i) Explain why fish farming should be encouraged in Kenya.
- Allows better use of land and water resources.
- Contributes to meeting the demand for animal proteins, by increasing the supply to the the
local population.
- Creates employment opportunities e.g in pond construction on etc
-fish culture helps maximise on the use of wastes.
- fish farming is free from inter-territorial conflicts and disputes.
-It may lead to developement of related industries of related industries. E.g fish canning,
fertilizers
-fish farms are easier to manage
-Fish exports earns country foreign exchange.

ii) Describe five measures other than fish farming that African countries have undertaken to
promote the growth of the fishing industry.
-Establishment of fishing co-operatives which give loans to fishermen.
-Introduction of improved fishing techniques and equipment
-Introduction of refrigerated containers/vessels.
-improvements in transport of fish to markets
- Expansions of markets through intensified campaigns aimed people at encouraging more
people to eat fish.
- restriction of importation of fish and fish products
- establishment of research institutions to investigate aspects of the fishing industry on
conservation, breeds, or disease
control of pollution in water Any 5 X 2 = 10 marks
c) Why do most African countries support the international law that limits territorial waters of
each country to distance of 320 kms?
-the law ensures that countries have an extensive sea frontage from which they can exploit
marine resources.
It reduces the competition for such resources especially from the developed countries which
have the capital and skills to exploit the resources over wide areas. -
-The zone is useful for security or military purposes
Most African countries have huge expanses of the sea to make free from international pollution
(d) sources of water pollution
oil spills from accidents or wastes
solid.liter carelessly deposited on beaches
pollutants from industry
pollution from poor land-use.

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1994: a) Describe trawling as a fishing method. (5 mks)
- Trawling method is used to catch fish in the open water/ away from the shore
using large ships / boats known as trawlers.
- The trawl net which is bag-shaped is attached to the trawler✓
- The mouth of the trawl. net is kept open by otter boards or head beams,
- The upper parts of the trawl net is kept afloat while bottom part is held down by
weights
- The trawl net is dragged along the sea bottom by the trawler to trap fish
- After sufficient catch is realised, the net is hauled into the trawler.
-Factory trawlers are equiped with refrigeration and canning facilities.✓
b) Explain why major fishing grounds of the world are found in the temperate regions of the
Northern Hemisphere.
- the area has shallow waters for aeration and light
- wide continental shelf suitable for growth of Planktons which is food or the fish
- -Cool climate which is suitable for the growth of more commercial species of fish
cold winters provide natural ice for preserving fish✓✓
- Cold and warm currents in the northern hemisphere tend to converge near the
coast. This causes upwhelling of waters which in turn bring fish food/to the water
surface.
-The nature of the coastline:
- Land in the Northern hemisphere, has fiorded / indented coastline which are
suitable breeding and developement of for fish fishing ports andvillages
- Availability of Market. The region is densily populated and this provides ready
market for fish.
- Rugged landscape unsuitable for farming making fishing the alternative
economic activity.
- Adequate capital
- Advanced fishing technology

c) Explain why fresh water fishing is more important than sea fishing in Tanzania.
-There are numerous inland fishing grounds swamps/rivers / lakes which are accessible to many
people
-Fresh water fish is more popular. This encourages more inland fisheries while equipment for
sea fishing are inadequate / Low level of technology
- Competition in the open sea from developed countries whose fishermen have advanced
fishing equipment discourages local fishermen.
- Tanzania has a regular coastline with a narrow. continental shelf which lacks suitable
breeding environment for fish, while inland fisheries are rich"in plankton and hence with fish.
- Inadequate capital to buy farming equipment
d) Explain how the fishing industry has contributed to the economy of Kenya
- It is a source of salary / self-employment thus individuals are able to generate income
through fishing.
- Fishing helps to reduce the over-dependence on other sources of protein such as meat, milk,
eggs and

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vegetable protein.
- The industry has led to the development of ports and fishing villages / transport facilities
which make
such areas accessible.
- Fish products are used as raw materials in other industries such as manufacture of animal
feeds and shoe making
- Fishing is a sport that attracts tourists. Thus it generates revenue/ foreign exchange for the
government.

2022: (a) Name Two categories of inland fresh water fisheries in East Africa. (2 marks)
- Rivers
- Lakes
- Ponds
- swamps
(b)The map below shows some major fishinggrounds of the world. Use it to answer questions b
9i) and 9ii)

(i)Identify the fishing grounds marked F and G. (2 marks)

-F- North East Atlantic
G- North West Pacific
(ii)Explain three physical conditions thatfavour fishing in the ground marked G.
-Highly indented Coastline which provides suitable breeding grounds A for fish/suitable
sites for the fish ports/villages
-Convergence of cold Oyashio and warm Kuroshio currents provide cool temperature
suitable for fish upwelling of water which brings minerals/fish food close to the surface Wide
-Shallow/broad/wide continental shelf which provide favourable climatic conditions for
growth of planktons/contain large quantities of fish for (commercial investment exploitation
-The rugged mountainous landscape limits agricultural development therefore people
practice fishing as an alternative source of income
(c) (i) Name two methods used in small scale fishing in Kenya.(2 marks)
- Harpooning/use of spears

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- Use of gill nets
-Use of herbs
Use of barrier fraps
-Use of baskets
Use of hand lines/hook
(ii)Describe how trawling method is used in fishing.(5 marks).
- -A bag shaped net is attached to a trawler/ship
- The net is cast into water by the trawler
- The net's mouth is kept open by otter boards head beams
- The upper part of the net is kept afloat by corks/floats
- -weights are used to keep the lower parts of the net at the sea bed
- Trawler drags the net along the sea bed
- After sufficient fish has been caught, the net is hauled into the trawler to empty
the fish
(d) Explain four ways in which fresh water fisheries are being conserved in Kenya. (8 marks)
-Restricting the disposal of untreated wastes into the fisheries to ensure that water remain clean
for survival of fish
- Restricting fishing to specific seasons to allow for breeding and maturing of fish
- Breeding fingerlings to restock overfished areas
-Standardizing the mesh/net hole size of nets used that only the mature fish are caught shing to
ensure
-Limiting the number of fishermen throur suance of licenses
-Fish farming is being encouraged to ensure that there is sufficient supply of fish from other
sources other than the natural fisheries supply of fish from other source Can

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