oh of 1c carbon nitrogen base n glycosudic linkage
Oh of 5c phosphate grp phosphoester linkage
Rna 2' position uracil
Polynucleotide : 3'5' phosphodieester linkage
free at 5 ' phosphate 3' oh
Thymine 5 methyl uracil
Dna acidic substance fredrick mischrr 1869
James watson frances crick 1953 hallmark base pairing
Base pair stacking over one another and h
:stability
If the seq of one base pair is known other can be known by
complementary to each other
Base pairs 10 each turn
Prokaryote dna not scattered, held with proteins in large loops
Nucleosome 200 base
1926 molecular level
1928 fredrick grifffith s and r strain streptococcus
Alfred hershy martha chase 1952 dna genetic material
32 p and 35 s bacteriophage
Rna mutate faster due to instability( reactive ) presence of oh in 2'
Dna less reactive and higly stable due to thymine
Under appropriate condition dna strands come together
Mathew Meseelson and Franklin stahl Semiconservative model
1958 nh4 cl
Vicia faba 1958 dna also replicate Semiconservative ly by Taylor
and colleagues
N15 hybrid n14 hybrid and light
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate act as substrate and provide
energy ( 2 terminal phosphate give energy )
E coli 18 min 2000bp /s
Dna depending dna ploymerase i 5' -3' discontinuous
ReplicTion : ori ori is provided by vectors
Dna replication take place at s phase of cell division or ( polyploidy
failure of cell divisions after dna replication)
Unlike replication transctipption only one strand is copied
Promoter structural and terminator :transctiption
According to coding strand promoter 5'
Inheritance affected by promoter or regulatory sequencs
Energy of replication comes from deoxyphosphorylation of
charged nucleotides
Demarcated transcription
Dna segment coding for polypeeptide cistron
Protein are coded by structural genes regilatory gene only regulate
Sigma initiation
Rna polymerase elongation and opening of helix
Proposition of genetic code needed because there was no
complimentality between nucleotide and amino acids.
Reading frame remain unaltered insertion of 3 bases
Ribosome structural rna (80 protein)
Sequence of aminoacid = mrna sequence
Aminoacylated tr na peptide bondformation is favoured
energetically
Translation release factor
Transcription terminator factor
Prokaryote predominant site for control of gene expression
transcriptioal initiation)
Regulatory protein act as activatees(+) Or repressor (-ve)
Regulatory gene in lac operon is repressor
Gene work In operon together
Healthcare agriculture environment energy production
Effect of cloning on dna: amplification
Hgp : bioinformatics
Toatal gene 30000 bp
Avg gene 3000 bp
Bulk and satellite dna can be sepearyed by density gradient
centrifugatio
Human finger printing same degree of polymorphosm
Inheritable mutation become dna polymorphis. When ot occurs at
high degree 0.01
Polymorphism arise die to mutations
