PASSAGE 3: The importance of law
A. The law influences all of us virtually all the time, it governs almost all aspects of our
behavior, and even what happens to us when we are no longer alive. It affects us from the
embryo onwards. It governs the air we breathe, the food and drink we consume, our travel,
family relationships, and our property. It applies at the bottom of the ocean and in space.
Each time we examine a label on a food product, engage in work as an employee or employer,
travel on the roads, go to school to learn or to teach, stay in a hotel, borrow a library book,
create or dissolve a commercial company, play sports, or engage the services of someone for
anything from plumbing a sink to planning a city, we are in the world of law.
B. Law has also become much more widely recognised as the standard by which behavior
needs to be judged. A very telling development in recent history is the way in which the idea of
law has permeated all parts of social life. The universal standard of whether something is
socially tolerated is progressively becoming whether it is legal, rather than something that has
always been considered acceptable. In earlier times, most people were illiterate.
Today, by contrast, a vast number of people can read, and it is becoming easier for people to
take an interest in law, and for the general population to help actually shape the law in many
countries. However, law is a versatile instrument that can be used equally well for the
improvement or the degradation of humanity.
C. This, of course, puts law in a very significant position. In our rapidly developing world, all
sorts of skills and knowledge are valuable. Those people, for example, with knowledge of
computers, the internet, and communications technology are relied upon by the rest of us.
There is now someone with IT skills or an IT help desk in every UK school, every company,
every hospital, every local and central government office. Without their knowledge, many
parts of commercial and social life today would seize up in minutes. But legal understanding is
just as vital and as universally needed. The American comedian Jerry Seinfeld put it like this,
'We are all throwing the dice, playing the game, moving our pieces around the board, but if
there is a problem, the lawyer is the only person who has read the inside of the top of the box.'
In other words, the lawyer is the only person who has read and made sense of the rules.
D. The number of laws has never been greater. In the UK alone, about 35 new Acts of
Parliament are produced every year, thereby delivering thousands of new rules. The legislative
output of the British Parliament has more than doubled in recent times from 1,100 pages a
year in the early 1970s, to over 2,500 pages a year today. Between 1997 and 2006, the
legislature passed 365 Acts of Parliament and more than 32,000 legally binding statutory
instruments. In a system with so much law, lawyers do a great deal not just to vindicate the
rights of citizens and organizations but also to help develop the law through legal arguments,
some of which are adapted by judges to become laws. Law courts can and do produce new
law and revise old law, but they do so having heard the arguments of lawyers.
E. However, despite their important role in developing the rules, lawyers are not universally
admired. Anti-lawyer jokes have a long history going back to the ancient Greeks.
More recently the son of a famous Hollywood actor was asked at his junior school what his
father did for a living, to which he replied,'My daddy is a movie actor, and sometimes he plays
the good guy, and sometimes he plays the lawyer. For balance, though, it Is worth
remembering that there are and have been many heroic and revered lawyers such as the
Roman philosopher and politician Cicero and Mahatma Gandi, the Indian campaigner for
independence.
F. People sometimes make comments that characterise lawyers as professionals whose
concerns put personal reward above truth, or who gain financially from misfortune. There are
undoubtedly lawyers that would fit that bill, just as there are some scientists, journalists and
others in that category. But, in general, it is no more Just to say that lawyers are bad because
they make a living from people's problems than it is to make the same accusation In respect of
nurses or IT consultants. A great many lawyers are involved in public law work, such as that
involving civil liberties, housing and other issues. Such work is not lavishly remunerated and
the quality of the service provided by these lawyers relies on considerable professional
dedication. Moreover, much legal work has nothing to do with conflict or misfortune, but is
primarily concerned with drafting documents. Another source of social disaffection for lawyers,
and disaffection for the law, is a limited public understanding of how law works and how it
could be changed. Greater clarity about these issues, maybe as a result of better public
relations, would reduce many aspects of public dissatisfaction with the law.
Questions 28-33
The reading Passage has six paragraphs A-F
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. Different areas of professional expertise
ii. Reasons why it is unfair to criticise lawyers
iii. The disadvantages of the legal system
iv. The law applies throughout our lives
v. The law has affected historical events
vi. A negative regard for lawyers
vii. public's increasing ability to influence the law
viii. growth in laws
28. ___________ Paragraph A
29. ___________ Paragraph B
30. ___________ Paragraph C
31. ___________Paragraph D
32. ___________Paragraph E
33. ___________Paragraph F
Questions 34-35
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 7-8 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about legal skills in today's
world?
AThere should be a person with legal training in every hospital.
BLawyers with experience in commercial law are the most in demand.
CKnowledge of the law is as important as having computer skills.
DSociety could not function effectively without legal experts.
ESchools should teach students about the law.
Questions 36-40
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.
