RvZxq wkÿvµg

2012

jNy m½xZ
GKv`k I Øv`k †kªwY

RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©

1. m~Pbv
1.1 †h‡Kvb Kvh©Kª‡gi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i Gi myôz cwiKíbvi Dci| wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi Giƒc cwiKíbvB wk¶vµg|
wk¶v_x©‡`i AvMÖn, cÖeYZv, mvg_©¨, AwfÁZv I wkLb Pvwn`v‡K mgš^q K‡i Ges mgvR, †`k I AvšÍR©vwZK cwiw¯’wZ
we‡ePbvq †i‡L cÖYxZ nq wbw`©ó wk¶vµg| Kx, †Kb, wKfv‡e, †K, Kvi mn‡hvwMZvq, Kx w`‡q, †Kv_vq, KZ mgq a‡i
wkÿv_x© wkL‡e Ges hv wk‡L‡Q Zv wKfv‡e hvPvB Kiv n‡e Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi wk¶vµ‡g _v‡K| wk¶vi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨,
wkLbdj, welqe¯‘, wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv-GmeB wk¶vµ‡gi cÖwZcv`¨ welq| wk¶vµ‡gi
wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jvK cÖYxZ nq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx| G wkÿvKªg‡K AveZ©b K‡iB †h‡Kv‡bv ¯Í‡ii
wkÿv e¨e¯’vi Kg©KvÐ cwiKwíZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| Avi G Kvi‡YB wk¶vµg‡K wk¶v Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevq‡bi bxj-bKkv ejv n‡q _v‡K|
1.2 wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, Dbœqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvq avivevwnK cwiex¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Pjgvb
wk¶vµ‡gi mejZv-`ye©jZv I Dc‡hvwMZv wbY©q Kiv nq| mg‡qi mv‡_ †hgb mgv‡Ri cwieZ©b NU‡Q, ‡Zgwb Ávb-
weÁvb I cÖhyw³i `ªæZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| Gm‡ei d‡j wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b I
bevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶vµg hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLv Avek¨K| Avevi hLb cy‡iv‡bv wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mg‡qi Pvwn`v c~iY
m¤¢e nq bv, ZLb bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq|
2. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi †hŠw³KZv
2.1 gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg 1995 mv‡j cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœq‡bi KvR m¤úbœ nq| lô I beg †kÖwY‡Z
1996 wkÿvel© †_‡K G wkÿvKªg ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡i 1998 wkÿvel© †_‡K cwigvwR©Z I bevqbK…Z
wkÿvKªg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Gici `xN© mg‡q RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK I
ivR‰bwZK wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i Ávb-weÁvb, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_
mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb-Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| G Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wk¶v‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ wk¶vµg Dbœqb
Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o|
2.2 cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi Dci Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcYÕ mgxÿvi djvd‡j wk¶vµ‡gi A‡bK
`ye©jZv, Am½wZ I mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| G wk¶vµg AwZgvÎvq ZË¡ I Z_¨ msewjZ hv wkÿv_x©‡K gyL¯’ Ki‡Z
DrmvwnZ K‡i| cÖPwjZ wkÿvµ‡g AbymÜvb, mgm¨v mgvavb `ÿZv AR©b, nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR K‡i †kLvi Ges m„Rbkxj
I D™¢vebx `ÿZv weKv‡ki my‡hvM mxwgZ| wk¶v_©x‡`i ˆbwZK I gvbweK ¸Yvewji weKv‡ki my‡hvMI Kg| cÖ‡qvRbxq
welq Ges welqe¯‘ †hgb- Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Rjevqyi cwieZ©b I KiYxq, eqtmwÜKvj I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, R¡vjvwb
wbivcËv BZ¨vw`i cÖwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZ…fvlv evsjv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv Bs‡iwR wkLb-†kLv‡bvi †¶‡Î
†kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv Gme `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿvµ‡g ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jI ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î G¸‡jv h_vh_
¸iæZ¡ cvq wb| wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K Kg©gyLx Kivi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvµ‡gi Ae`vb m‡šÍvlRbK bq| bevqbK…Z wk¶vµ‡gi Gme
mxgve×Zv KvwU‡q DVvi cÖ‡Póv †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
2.3 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v‡¶‡Î GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Abymv‡i wk¶vi gva¨‡g
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Rbkw³ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wk¶vµ‡gi Dbœqb Ges Gi h_vh_ ev¯Íevqb| RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Gi
ev¯Íevq‡bi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c n‡”Q G wk¶vbxwZ Abymv‡i wk¶ve¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Ges Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m
Abymv‡i wk¶vµg Dbœqb|
2.4 evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcKí 2021 (VISION 2021) Gi j¶¨ n‡”Q wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjv Ges †`k‡K ga¨g Av‡qi
†`‡k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Mov Ges ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ Kivi cÖavb Dcvq n‡”Q wk¶vi gva¨‡g
h‡_vchy³ Rbkw³ m„wó Kiv| Avi wk¶vi gva¨‡g Zv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Dc‡hvMx wk¶vµg|
2.5 GKwesk kZvãxi wk¶vi Rb¨ MwVZ AvšÍR©vwZK wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© ‘Learning: The Treasure Within’ G gva¨wgK
wk¶v‡K Rxe‡bi cÖ‡ekØvi (‘gateway to life’) wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi A_© Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡e‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq
†hvM¨Zv gva¨wgK wk¶vi gva¨‡g AR©b| G †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡e`‡b wkL‡bi PviwU ¯Í¤¢ (Pillar) wPwýZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wkL‡bi G ¯Í¤¢mg~n n‡”Q-Rvb‡Z †kLv (Learning to know), Ki‡Z †kLv (Learning to do) wg‡jwg‡k _vK‡Z
†kLv (Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ n‡Z †kLv (Learning to be) | Gme ¯Í¤¢ ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g GKwesk
kZvãxi Dc‡hvMx Rbkw³ m„wói Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœqb|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 1

3. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b Abym„Z g‡Wj
D‡Ïk¨wfwËK g‡Wj (Objective Model) Abymv‡i D”Pgva¨wgK †kÖwYi RvZxq wkÿvKªg 2012 Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU‡K
djwfwËK g‡WjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G g‡Wj Abymv‡i wk¶vi j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY K‡i D‡Ïk¨ AR©b
Dc‡hvMx welq I welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ ¯ÍiwfwËK cÖvwšÍK wkLbdj
wba©viY Kiv nq| cÖvwšÍK wkLbdj‡K †kªwYwfwËK wkLbd‡j wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kÖwYwfwËK wkLbdj‡K eyw×e„Ëxq,
Av‡eMxq I g‡bv‡cwkR- G wZb fv‡M wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj‡K wfwË K‡i †kªwY Dc‡hvMx welqe¯‘,
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I g~j¨vqb †KŠkjmn hveZxq wk¶v Kvh©µg wba©viY Kiv nq|
4. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b Abym„Z cÖwµqv
†m‡KÛvwi GWy‡Kkb †m±i †W‡fjc‡g›U cÖ‡R± (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡b GmBGmwWwc Gi wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkÿvµg kvLvi Kg©KZ©ve„›`
Ges wbe©vwPZ RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ, wk¶vwe`, wk¶K wk¶vq we‡klÁ I AwfÁ †kªwYwk¶‡Ki
mgš^‡q MwVZ wewfbœ KwgwU wk¶vµg Dbœqb K‡ib| wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri msw¶ß
weeiY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

cÖevn wP‡Î RvZxq wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv

wkÿv cÖwZôvb wkÿv cÖkvmK, cÖPwjZ wkÿvµg mgvR, ivóª I

wkÿvwe`, eyw×Rxex AvšÍR©vwZK Pvwn`v

wkÿK ivóªxq g~jbxwZ

Ae¯’v we‡kølY I Pvwn`v wbiƒcY

RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ
wkÿv_x© 2010
wkÿvµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb

welqwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYqb

wkÿvµ‡gi mgš^qmvab
I mvwe©K iƒc`vb

RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ…©K

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 Aby‡gv`b

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 2

4.1 Ae¯’v we‡kølY
4.1.1 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›` 2008 mv‡j gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii (lô-Øv`k †kÖwY) wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib|
†hŠw³K ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶vµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wk¶vµ‡gi Dc‡hvwMZv
hvPvB Kiv nq| GB ch©v‡jvPbvi djvdj bZzb wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b we‡ePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1.2 cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi g~j¨vqb
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁMY Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcY mgx¶v 2010Õ kxl©K GKwU
M‡elYv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G mgxÿvi gva¨‡g wk¶vµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K, ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv I cwigvR©‡bi
†¶Îmg~n wPwýZ Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb-Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv nq|
4.1.3 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 gva¨wgK wk¶v m¤úwK©Z avivmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i bZzb wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi wfZ ˆZwi Kiv nq|
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZi wfwˇZB cÖPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv`ªvmv, Bs‡iwR) wk¶v‡K wbw`©ó ch©vq ch©šÍ mgwš^Z I GKgyLx
wk¶vµ‡gi AvIZvq AšÍf©y³ Kivi c`‡¶c †bIqv nq| G e¨e¯’vq me ai‡bi wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ
GKB wk¶vµg Abymv‡i wk¶v Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
4.1.4 AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv
we‡k¦i wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU †`‡ki- fviZ, kªxj¼v, gvj‡qwkqv, wm½vcyi, A‡÷ªwjqv (A½ivR¨), hy³ivR¨ (A½ivR¨) Ges
KvbvWvi (A½ivR¨) mgmvgwqK wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gme †`‡ki wk¶ve¨e¯’vi we‡kl K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi we‡kl
w`Kmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z G‡`i Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|
4.1.5 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv
†`‡k-we‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ wk¶v I wk¶vµg welqK cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q-GKwesk kZvãxi wk¶v m¤úwK©Z AvšÍR©vwZK wk¶v Kwgk‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b UNESCO (1996)
ÔLearning: The Treasure Within; O’Neill, Geraldine (2010) ‘Programme Design: Overview of Curriculum
Models’; Marsh, C.J (1997) ‘Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum’; Sheehan, John (1986)
Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxq
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© cÖYxZ wbgœgva¨wgK, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg (2012), wk¶K cÖwk¶Y
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯Í‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ch©v‡jvPbv kxl©K cÖwZ‡e`b (2012), Rjevqy cwieZ©b I `y‡h©vM
e¨e¯’vcbv, ZvgvK wbqš¿Y, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ ÔRxeb `¶ZvwfwËK wk¶vÕ|
ZvQvov evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖKí, miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb Ges ms¯’v wk¶vµ‡g AšÍf©yw³i Rb¨ 31wU cÖwZ‡e`b
Rgv †`q| Gme cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖvmw½K welqe¯‘ ms‡hvR‡bi e¨e¯’v †bIqv nq|
31wU cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q- Rjevqy cwieZ©b, Z_¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi, Lv`¨-cywó, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨,
GBPAvBwf-GBWm, we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkï, Rxeb `ÿZvwfwËK wkÿvKªg BZ¨vw`|
4.2 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb
Ae¯’vi we‡kølY †_‡K jä AwfÁZv I djvd‡ji wfwˇZ GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›` RvZxq civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfbœ ch©v‡qi wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i wk¶vq AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎ wba©viY K‡ib| Gm‡ei
Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq|
4.2.1 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv
 gnvb fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwˇZ †`k‡cÖg weKv‡ki my‡hvM m„wó
 ˆbwZKZv I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva weKv‡ki Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
 AbymwÜrmv, m„Rbkxj I D™¢vebx ¶gZv e„w×i my‡hvM ‰Zwi
 weÁvbgb¯‹ I Kg©gyLx Kivi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc
 AvaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
 ZvwË¡K Áv‡bi mv‡_ ev¯ÍegyLx I cÖ‡qvMgyLx wk¶vi my‡hvM e„w×
 Rxeb`¶Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
 me ai‡bi ˆelg¨ Aemv‡bi j‡¶¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
 ‰ewk¦K Pvwn`v Abymv‡i gvbem¤ú` m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 3

4.2.2 wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎ

D”PZi `¶Zvi
D”Pwk¶v (mvaviY, gv`ªvmv, †ckvMZ) Kg©

Kg©Rxeb
ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi
gva¨wgK wk¶v Kg©
KvwiMwi wk¶v
beg †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY
(mvaviY, gv`ªvmv) cÖ‡ek `¶Zvi Kg©
D”PZi `¶Zvi
e„wËg~jK wk¶v

e„wËg~jK wk¶v

cÖv_wgK/Ge‡Z`vwq wk¶v
(cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY)

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶v

RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwˇZ Aw¼Z AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎvbymv‡i 8eQi †gqvw` eva¨Zvg~jK I A‰eZwbK cÖv_wgK
wk¶v †kl K‡i †gav I cÖeYZvi wfwˇZ wk¶v_©x‡`i GKwU Ask Pvi eQi †gqvw` gva¨wgK wk¶vq Ges Ab¨ AskwU
e„wËg~jK wk¶vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| gva¨wgK wk¶v †k‡l Zviv D”P wk¶vq hv‡e| Z‡e gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi cÖ_g `yÕeQi †k‡l
†KD †KD KvwiMwi wk¶vq hv‡e| e„wËg~jK wk¶v mgvßKvix‡`i GKwU Ask cÖ‡ek `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e,
Ab¨iv D”PZi `¶Zvi e„wËg~jK wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡e| GB wk¶v †k‡l wKQz msL¨K wkÿv_©x KvwiMwi wk¶vq hv‡e Ges
Ab¨iv ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| KvwiMwi wk¶v †k‡l †KD †KD D”Pwk¶vq (†ckvMZ) hv‡e, †KDev
ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| D”Pwk¶v †k‡l D”PZi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Gfv‡e wewfbœ Ávb
I `¶Zv wb‡q Zviv Kg©Rxeb ïiæ Ki‡e|

4.2.3 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv I wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i wk¶vq AMÖmiY wP·K mwµq we‡ePbvq †i‡L
wk¶vµ‡gi Lmov iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iƒc‡iLvwU wk¶vµg we‡klÁM‡Yi †ek K‡qKwU Af¨šÍixY mfvq
ch©v‡jvPbv I cwigvR©b Kiv nq| Gfv‡e cwigvwR©Z wkÿvKªg iƒc‡iLvwU RvZxq chv©‡qi 2wU †mwgbv‡i Dc¯’vcb I
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gme †mwgbv‡i RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ, wk¶vwe`, wk¶K-wk¶vq
we‡klÁ, wk¶v cÖkvmK, †kªwYwk¶Ke„›` AskMÖnY K‡ib| G †mwgbv‡i evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡`i K‡qKRb gvbbxq
msm` m`m¨ I RvZxq ch©v‡qi †ek K‡qKRb †bZ…e„›` AskMÖnY K‡i gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mwgbvi †_‡K cÖvß mycvwik
we‡ePbvq †i‡L wkÿvKªg iƒc‡iLvwU cwigvR©b Kiv nq| cwigvwR©Z iƒc‡iLvwU RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© Ges
RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq|
4.2.4 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLvq AšÍfy©³ welqmg~n n‡”Q wk¶vi j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨, ¯ÍiwfwËK wbe©vwPZ welq, welqwfwËK
b¤^i eÈb I mvßvwnK wcwiqW msL¨v, wkÿve‡l©i Kg©w`em, wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß, RvZxq w`emmg~‡n KiYxq BZ¨vw`|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 4

4.3 welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb
wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLvi wfwˇZ cÖwZwU wel‡qi wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶v we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ,
AwfÁ †kªwYwk¶K I GbwmwUwe‡Z Kg©iZ we‡klÁM‡Yi mgš^‡q cÖwZwU wel‡qi Rb¨ 5 †_‡K 8 m`m¨ wewkó GKwU K‡i
KwgwU wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MVb Kiv nq| cÖwZwU welq KwgwU‡Z mgš^qKvix wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib GmBGmwWwci
GKRb wk¶vµg we‡klÁ|
4.3.1 welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb KwgwUmg~n‡K wk¶vµg Dbœqb wel‡q wbweo cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq| cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖavb wZbwU †¶Î
n‡”Q (K) wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cwiwPwZ I wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv (L) wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv Ges wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi
wba©vwiZ QK I Gi e¨envi (M) QKwfwËK nv‡Z Kj‡g bgybv wk¶vµg Dbœqb Ges ch©v‡jvPbv|
4.3.2 cÖwk¶‡Y cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b wbgœwjwLZ †mvcvb Abymi‡Yi wm×všÍ
†bIqv nq:
(K) f~wgKv (wel‡qi msw¶ß cwiPq) (L) D‡Ïk¨ (mvaviY D‡Ïk¨vewji Av‡jv‡K wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨vewj) (M) cÖvwšÍK
wkLbdj (welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©b Dc‡hvMx wba©vwiZ ¯Íi †k‡l AR©b‡hvM¨ wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cÖvwšÍK
wkLbd‡ji †kªwYwfwËK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj, Aa¨vq I wcwiqW msL¨v, Aa¨vqwfwËK welqe¯‘,
wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv, g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv I cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb wb‡`©kbv| †h‡nZz beg -`kg †kªwY I GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY
Awe‡”Q`¨ †kªwY, †m‡nZz G `yÕwU ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b QK-1 G †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj wefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq wb|
4.3.3 cÖwZwU welqwfwËK KwgwU w`be¨vcx wbav©wiZ msL¨K mfvq wgwjZ n‡q wba©vwiZ Q‡K wk¶vµ‡gi Lmov cÖYqb K‡ib|
Gici GKB ai‡bi welq¸‡”Qi welqwfwËK KwgwUmg~n I wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki †hŠ_ mfvq Lmov wk¶vµg Dc¯’vcb
I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡ib|
4.3.4 GKB ai‡bi welqmg~n wb‡q PviwU `j MVb K‡i cÖwZwU `‡ji AvevwmK Kg©kvjv AbywôZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`m¨e„›`,
mswkøó †fwUs KwgwU I m¤úv`bv KwgwUi m`m¨e„›`, wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MwVZ wk¶vµg Dbœqb welqK †UKwbK¨vj
KwgwUi m`m¨e„›` G Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnY K‡ib| G Kg©kvjvq welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
ch©v‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K mswkøó KwgwU wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b K‡ib|
4.3.5 cieZ©x‡Z mKj wk¶vµ‡gi Rb¨ GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) ˆZwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z wk¶vµ‡gi
iƒc‡iLv I welqwfwËK wk¶vµgmg~‡ni mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i c~Y©v½ iƒc`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cÖYxZ wk¶vµg wefvMxq Kg©kvjvq Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Kg©kvjvq welq-wk¶KMY `jMZfv‡e ¯^ ¯^
wel‡qi wk¶vµg wbweofv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mywbw`©ó mycvwik iv‡Lb| Kg©kvjvi G mycvwi‡ki Av‡jv‡K welq KwgwU
wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mvwe©K iƒc`vb K‡ib|
4.3.7 wk¶vµgwU †UKwbK¨vj I †fwUs KwgwU KZ©„K cwigvR©‡bi ci wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MwVZ cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU I RvZxq
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq| me©‡k‡l RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b jv‡fi ci
wk¶vµgwU ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ wnmv‡e M„nxZ nq|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 5

 4.4 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kvh©µg
ch©vq Kvh©µg Dbœqb/cÖYqbKvixe„›`
1. Ae¯’vi we‡kølY 1.1 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ wk¶vµg 1.1 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
ch©v‡jvPbv wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
1.2 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I 1.2 GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY mgx¶v 2010 cwiPvjbv we‡klÁe„›`
1.3 Dbœqbkxj I DbœZ K‡qKwU †`‡ki 1.3 GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
wkÿvµg ch©v‡jvPbv we‡klÁe„›`

1.4 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ 1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei

ch©v‡jvPbv wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`

2. wk¶vµ‡gi 2.1 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv wba©viY 2.1 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb GmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.2 wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i AMÖmiY 2.2 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
cÖevn wPÎ cÖYqb GmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.3 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb 2.3.1 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.3.2 RvZxq †mwgbvi `ywU‡Z
AskMÖnYKvixe„›`
3. welqwfwËK 3.1. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi Dci wbweo cÖwk¶Y 3.1. wk¶vµg civgk©K I †UKwbK¨vj
wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖ`vb KwgwU
3.2. welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb 3.2.1 wk¶v we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ,
AwfÁ †kÖwYwk¶K, GbwmwUwe I
GmBGmwWwci we‡klÁM‡Yi
mgš^‡q MwVZ welqwfwËK wk¶vµg
Dbœqb KwgwU
3.2.2 wefvMxq Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnYKvix
welqwfwËK wk¶K I
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
3.2.3 †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU I †fwUs KwgwU
4. wk¶vµ‡gi 4.1. wk¶vµ‡gi mvgwMÖKfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ Ask 4.1.1 wk¶vµg civgk©K I GmBGmwWwci
mgš^q mvab I ˆZwi I mKj As‡ki mgš^‡q RvZxq wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
Aby‡gv`b wk¶vµg 2012 iƒc`vb 4.1.2 †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU I †fwUs KwgwU
4.1.3 cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe
4.2. RvZxq wk¶vµg 2012 P~ovšÍ Aby‡gv`b 4.2 RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 6

5. RvZxq wk¶vµg 2012 Gi ˆewkó¨
5.1 mvaviY, gv`ªvmv I Bs‡iwR wk¶vavivmn mKj avivi wk¶vi Rb¨ Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ GKgyLx I Awfbœ wk¶vµg cÖYqb|
5.2 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Kg© I RxebgyLx wk¶v Ges K¨vwiqvi wkÿv ms‡hvR‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡qi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`k
I wek¦cwiPq welq ms‡hvRb|
5.3 Rjevqy cwieZ©b, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, Z_¨ AwaKvi, AwURg BZ¨vw` welqe¯‘ ms‡hvRb|
5.4 6ô †_‡K 10g †kÖwY‡Z Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e Ô¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZÕ welq ms‡hvRb|
5.5 hy‡Mi Pvwn`vbymv‡i mKj ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ welqvw`i welqe¯‘ AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e Uz¨wiRg GÛ
nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq ms‡hvRb|
5.6 ag© wk¶vmn mKj wel‡q ˆbwZK wk¶vi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.7 fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g †`kvZ¥‡eva I RvZxq HK¨ weKv‡ki Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb| †`kvZ¥‡eva
weKv‡ki gva¨‡g AvšÍR©vwZKZv‡eva m„wói cÖqvm|
5.8 weÁvbgb¯‹, hyw³ev`x, Kg©gyLx I `¶ Rbkw³ m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc|
5.9 gvZ…fvlv evsjv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv Bs‡iwR wk¶vq welqe¯‘ gyL¯’ Kivi cwie‡Z© †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv G PviwU `¶Zv †kÖwYK‡ÿ
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †kLvi my‡hvM m„wó Ges AwR©Z `ÿZv g~j¨vq‡bi c×wZ cÖeZ©b|
5.10 wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv A_©vr we‡kølYg~jK, wPšÍv DÏxcK I m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi I KvR
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g m„Rbkxj I D™¢vebx ¶gZvi weKv‡ki my‡hvM cÖ`vb|
5.11 †hme wel‡q e¨envwiK KvR Av‡Q †hgb- weÁvb, c`v_©weÁvb, imvqb, RxeweÁvb, K…wlwk¶v, Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, kvixwiK wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨,
Kg© I RxebgyLx wkÿv, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Pviæ I KviæKjv wel‡qi ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK As‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ges
wk¶v‡K Rxeb I ev¯ÍegyLx Kivi cÖqvm| A_©vr cÖwZwU ZË¡, m~Î I bxwZ wk¶vi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨envwiK cvV Mªn‡Yi my‡hvM cÖ`vb|
5.12 nv‡Z Kj‡g †kLv I `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †kLvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.13 †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³i e¨envi e„w×|
5.14 wk¶v‡K Rxeb I ev¯ÍegyLx Kivi cÖqvm Ges †`kxq †cÖÿvc‡U Dbœqbÿg Rbkw³ m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.15 Aa¨vq †_‡K Kx Kx Ávb, `¶Zv, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e Zv eyw×e„wËK, g‡bv‡cwkR I Av‡eMxq wkLbdj wnmv‡e cÖwZwU
Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z ms‡hvRb|
5.16 wk¶vi gva¨‡g me©cÖKvi ˆelg¨ `~i K‡i mgZv weav‡bi my‡hvM m„wó| wj½, ag©, eY©, RvwZ, †ckvMZ I A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi
j‡¶¨ GKxf~Z wk¶vq ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.17 ‰ewk¦K Pvwn`v Abymv‡i gvbem¤ú` m„wói cÖqvm|
5.18 cÖwZ wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß e„w×, Aa¨vqwfwËK wcwiqW wba©viY, wkÿve‡l© Kg©w`e‡mi msL¨v e„w×|
5.19 RvZxq w`emmg~‡n ¯‹zj †Lvjv †i‡L w`em D`hvc‡bi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b|
5.20 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi (MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb) gva¨‡g wkLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wbivgqg~jK †mevi gva¨‡g wkLb wbwðZKiY|
5.21 cÖPwjZ e¨envwiK cixÿvi ms¯‹vi mva‡bi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ b¤Ÿi cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM eÜ Kiv|
5.22 mvgwóK g~j¨vqb/mvgwqK cix¶v I cvewjK cix¶v c×wZi ms¯‹vi|
6. wk¶vµg iƒc‡iLv
6.1 lô-Øv`k †kªwYi wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨
j¶¨
wk¶v_©xi mvwe©K weKv‡ki gva¨‡g gvbweK, mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK ¸Ym¤úbœ Ávbx, `¶, hyw³ev`x I m„Rbkxj †`k‡cÖwgK Rbm¤ú`
m„wó|
6.2 D‡Ïk¨
6.2.1 wk¶v_x©i myß cÖwZfv I m¤¢vebv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g m„RbkxjZv, Kíbv I AbymwÜrmv e„wׇZ mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.2 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ gvbweK ¸Yvewj, †hgb- ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva, mZZv, Aa¨emvq, mwnòyZv, k„•Ljv, AvZ¥wek¦vm, m`vPvi, A‡b¨i
cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, bv›`wbKZv‡eva, †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© m¤úK© I b¨vqwePvi‡eva my`„pfv‡e Mªw_Z Kiv|
6.2.3 gnvb fvlv Av‡›`vjb, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg, RvZxqZv‡eva I
MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva RvMªZ Kiv Ges m¤¢vebvgq bvMwiK wnmv‡e †e‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.4 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© mymsnZ Áv‡bi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹w„ Z, Av_©-mvgvwRK I
MYZvwš¿K ivR‰bwZKPP©vi cÖwZ AvMªn I †hvM¨Zv m„wói gva¨‡g ˆewk¦K †cÖ¶vc‡U †`‡ki cÖMwZ I Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z
m¶g K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.5 kª‡gi gh©v`v, Kv‡Ri Af¨vm I KvR Ki‡Z AvMªnx nIqvi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve weKwkZ Kiv hv‡Z wk¶v_x© e¨w³MZ
Ges `jMZ Dfq ai‡bi KvR m¤úv`‡b ˆbwZKZv I `vwqZ¡kxjZvi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡i|
6.2.6 mKj †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM i¶vq wk¶v_x©i cÖwgZ evsjv fvlvi `¶Zv my`„p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvf¨vm
M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.7 evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i AšÍwb©wnZ bv›`wbK †mŠ›`h©, k„•Ljv Ges mL¨ Dc‡fvM I D`NvU‡b wk¶v_x©i †hvM¨Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.8 AvaywbK Kg©‡¶Î, D”Pwk¶vmn mKj †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡b Bs‡iwR fvlvi †gŠwjK `¶Zvmg~n AR©‡bi
gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©‡K †hvM¨ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 7

 6.2.9 wk¶v_x©‡K MvwYwZK hyw³, c×wZ I `¶Zvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv Ges RxebNwbô I we‡k¦i cvwicvwk¦©K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Rb¨ MwY‡Zi cÖv‡qvwMK `¶Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.10 wk¶v_x©‡K cÖhyw³i cÖwZ AvMªnx K‡i †Zvjv Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i AvZ¥wek¦vmx, Drcv`bkxj Ges
m„Rbkxj wnmv‡e ˆZwi Kiv|
6.2.11 wk¶v_x© hv‡Z Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RxebNwbô wewfbœ mgm¨v AbymÜvb I mgvav‡b ˆeÁvwbK cÖwµqv I c×wZ cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i †m j‡¶¨ ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½ I †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.12 †`‡k Ges ewnwe©‡k¦i cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i cwi‡ekMZ
Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv‡_ mswkøó mK‡ji Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ H mKj Dcv`vb‡K wbqš¿Y I
e¨envi Kivi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.13 Lv`¨ I cywó, kvixwiK m¶gZv, †ivM-e¨vwa, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges e¨w³MZ wbivcËv BZ¨vw`i Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i
wk¶v_©x‡K ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, Rxeb`¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.14 wk¶v_x©i g‡b wbR wbR agx©q wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva RvMªZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ ag© I ag©vej¤^x‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj n‡Z
mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.15 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ evOvwj RvZxi Ges ¶z`ª RvwZ-†Mvôxmg~‡ni, eY©, †MvÎ, fvlv, ms¯‹w… Z, wewfbœ †kÖwY I †ckvi gvby‡li cÖwZ
åvZ…Z¡ I kÖ×v‡eva m„wó Kiv|
6.2.16 wk¶v_x©i ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKv‡ki j‡¶¨ mnwk¶vµwgK Kvh©vewj- †Ljvayjv, kixiPP©v, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©KvÐ, Pviæ I KviæKjv
Abykxj‡bi wbqwgZ Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.17 Rxebe¨vcx wk¶vq AvMÖnx I †hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg©‡¶Î Ges ¯^-Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½ my`„p Kiv|
6.2.18 mn‡hvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i †bZ„Z¡, mn‡hvwMZv I †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv weKv‡k mÿg Kiv|
6.2 welq KvVv‡gv
lô, mßg I Aóg †kªwYi welq KvVv‡gv, b¤^i I mgq eÈb
mKj avivi Avewk¨K welq cix¶vi mgqeÈb
(mvaviY wk¶v, gv`ªvmv wk¶v I Bs‡iwR wk¶v aviv) b¤^i (K¬vm wcwiqW)
mvßvwnK mvgwqK evwl©K
1. evsjv 150 5 87 174
2. Bs‡iwR 150 5 87 174
3. MwYZ 100 4 70 140
4. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 100 3 53 106
5. weÁvb 100 4 70 140
6. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 50 2 35 70
†gvU 650 23 402 804
7. mvaviY wk¶v avivi Avewk¨K welq
ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v: 100 3 53 106
Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wLªóag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v
/†eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v
8. kvixwiK wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨ 50 2 35 70
9. Kg© I RxebgyLx wk¶v 50 2 35 70
10. Pviæ I KviæKjv 50 2 35 70
†gvU 250 9 158 316
mvaviY avivi Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
11. ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ/K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/Aviwe/ms¯‹…Z/cvwj 100 2 35 70
me©‡gvU 1000 34 595 1190
`ªóe¨:
 cÖ_g wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß 60wgwbU I Ab¨vb¨ wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß 50wgwbU|
 kwbevi †_‡K eyaevi cÖwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges e„n¯úwZevi 4wcwiqW|
 ˆ`wbK cÖviw¤¢K mgv‡ek (Assembly) Gi †gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci ga¨vý weiwZi e¨vwß 45wgwbU|
 `yB wkd‡U cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôv‡b me †¶‡Î 5wgwbU K‡i mgq Kg n‡e Ges ga¨vý weiwZi e¨vwß 25wgwbU|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 8

 6.3 mvaviY wk¶v avivi beg I `kg †kªwYi welq-KvVv‡gv, b¤^i I mgq eÈb
wel‡qi aib welq cix¶vi mgqeÈb
b¤^i (K¬vm wcwiqW)
mvßvwnK mvgwqK evwl©K
1. evsjv 200 5 80 160
2. Bs‡iwR 200 5 80 160
3. MwYZ 100 4 64 128
4. ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v 100 2 32 64
(Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v/
Avewk¨K wLªóag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v / †eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v)
5. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 50 2 32 64
6. K¨vwiqvi wkÿv 50 1 16 32
7. kvixwiK wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨weÁvb I †Ljvayjv 100 2 32 64
†gvU 800 21 336 672
kvLvwfwËK welq
weÁvb kvLvi 8. c`v_©weÁvb 100 3 54 108
Rb¨ Avewk¨K 9. imvqb 100 3 54 108
welq 10.RxeweÁvb/D”PZi MwYZ 100 3 54 108
11.evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 100 3 54 108
weÁvb kvLvi 12.RxeweÁvb/D”PZi MwYZ/ ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I 100 3 54 108
Hw”QK welq ms¯‹w… Z/K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek/Pviæ I
(GKwU †bIqv KviæKjv/msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW/kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov*
hv‡e) me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
e¨emvq wkÿv 8. e¨emvq D‡`¨vM 100 3 54 108
kvLvi Rb¨ 9. wnmveweÁvb 100 3 54 108
Avewk¨K welq 10.wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs 100 3 54 108
11.weÁvb 100 3 54 108
e¨emvq wk¶v 12.f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek/ evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq/ 100 3 54 108
kvLvi Hw”QK K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/ ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I
welq ms¯‹…wZ/Pviæ I KviæKjv/ msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW
(GKwU †bIqv
hv‡e) me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
gvbweK kvLvi 8. evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv 100 3 54 108
Rb¨ Avewk¨K 9. f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek 100 3 54 108
welq 10. A_©bxwZ/†cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv 100 3 54 108
11. weÁvb 100 3 54 108
gvbweK kvLvi 12.A_©bxwZ/†cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pviæ I 100 3 54 108
Hw”QK welq KviæKjv/K…wlwk¶v /Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I
(GKwU †bqv ms¯‹w… Z/ Aviwe/ms¯‹Z
… /cvwj/ msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW
hv‡e) /kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov*
me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
`ªóe¨:
 weÁvb, gvbweK I e¨emvq wk¶v kvLv †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kvLv wbe©vPb K‡i wbe©vwPZ kvLvi Avewk¨K welqmg~n wb‡Z
n‡e|
 mßv‡n 6w`b ˆ`wbK 6wcwiqW AbywôZ n‡e|

 wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß I Ab¨vb¨ welq lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwYi Abyiƒc n‡e|

* kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkÿv_x©iv Hw”QK
welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 9

 6.4 GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi welqKvVv‡gv (ïay 2013-2014 wkÿve‡l©i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨)

2013 - 2014 wkÿve‡l©i Rb¨ ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ Gi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwYi welq KvVv‡gv wb¤œiƒc :
1. wk¶v_©x wb‡¤œi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kvLvq fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡e| kvLvmg~n n‡”Q -
K. gvbweK L. weÁvb M. e¨emvq wk¶v N. Bmjvg wk¶v O. Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Avewk¨K welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 2. Bs‡iwR (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
3. kvLvwfwËK welqmg~n wb¤œiƒc -
kvLv kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq kvLvwfwËK Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
weÁvb 4. c`v_©weÁvb 7. (K) RxeweÁvb, (L) D”PZi MwYZ, (M) K…wlwk¶v, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O)
5. imvqb g‡bvweÁvb, (P) cwimsL¨vb, (Q) cÖ‡KŠkj AsKb I IqvK©kc cÖ¨vKwUm
6. RxeweÁvb A_ev D”PZi MwYZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (R)*µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg) ïay we‡KGmwci
wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨
gvbweK †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU welq : 10. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_©bxwZ, (M) f‚‡Mvj, (N) hyw³we`¨v, (O)
4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z mgvRweÁvb, (P) mgvRKg©, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z
5. †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (S) Bmjvg wk¶v, (T) g‡bvweÁvb, (U) cwimsL¨vb, (V) b„-weÁvb (bZzb
6. A_©bxwZ wk¶vµg cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶) (W) K„wlwk¶v (X) Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZ (cyivZb
7. mgvRweÁvb A_ev mgvRKg© wkÿvµg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (Z) bvU¨Kjv (cyivZb
8. f‚‡Mvj wkÿvµg), (_) mgiwe`¨v (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_ev
9. hyw³we`¨v ms¯‹…Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (b) D”PZi
MwYZ, (c) *µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg) ïay we‡KGmwci wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨
e¨emvq 4. e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv 7. (K) wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb, (M),
wkÿv 5. wnmveweÁvb cwimsL¨vb, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O) A_©bxwZ, (P) K„wlwk¶v, (Q) Mvn©¯’¨A_©bxwZ
6. wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv A_ev (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (R) mvwPweK we`¨v I Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv (2015-16
Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb wk¶vel© ch©šÍ Pj‡e)
Bmjvg 4. Bmjvg wk¶v 7. (K) mgvRweÁvb, (L) mgvRKg©, (M) K„wlwk¶v, (N) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb
wk¶v 5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (O) g‡bvweÁvb, (P) hyw³we`¨v, (Q) f‚‡Mvj, (R) A_©bxwZ
6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkÿvµg)
Mvn©¯’¨ 4. mvaviY weÁvb Ges Lv`¨ I cywó weÁvb 7. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) g‡bvweÁvb, (M) A_©bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg©,
A_©bxwZ 5. e¨envwiK wkíKjv Ges e¯¿ I †cvlvK wkí (O) f‚‡Mvj, (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/D”Pv½(cyivZb wkÿvÎg), (R)
6. M„n e¨e¯’vcbv I wkïea©Y Ges cvwievwiK m¤ú©K mvwPweKwe`¨v I Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkÿv
(cyivZb wkÿvµg)
msMxZ 4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 7. (K) A_©bxwZ, (L) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) g‡bvweÁvb, (N) hyw³we`¨v,
5. D”Pv½ msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg) (O) Mvn©¯’¨A_©bxwZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q) mgvRKg©
6. A_©bxwZ A_ev †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm

* BwZnvm Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z welq `ywUi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e
mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© welq `ywUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| D‡jøL _v‡K †h, welq `ywU GKB m‡½
Avewk¨K I Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e bv|
* µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb I gvbweK kvLvi wk¶v_©xiv Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|

 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 200|

 ïay Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡q GKwU cÎ _vK‡e Ges Gi c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 100|
 mKj wel‡q mvßvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡qi mvßvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
 cÖwZwU wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß n‡e 60 wgwbU|
 GKB welq kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq Ges Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e `yÕevi †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 †h me wel‡q e¨envwiK Av‡Q Hme wel‡q ZË¡xq I e¨envwiK mgwš^Zfv‡e Pj‡e| A_©vr ZË¡xq Ask Ges G mswkøó e¨envwiK As‡ki
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †mfv‡eB cÖYxZ n‡e|
 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR eB e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †idv‡iÝ wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ eB e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 10

 6.5 ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ Abymv‡i GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi welq KvVv‡gv (2014-2015 wkÿvel© n‡Z Kvh©Ki n‡e)

1. wk¶v_©x‡K wb‡¤œi †h‡Kvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ© n‡Z n‡e| kvLvmg~n n‡”QÑ
K. gvbweK L. weÁvb M. e¨emvq wk¶v N. Bmjvg wk¶v kvLv O. Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Rb¨ Avewk¨K welq 1. evsjv 2. Bs‡iwR 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
3. kvLvwfwËK welqmg~n-
kvLv kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K wZbwU welq kvLvwfwËK Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)

weÁvb 4. c`v_©weÁvb 7. (K) RxeweÁvb, (L) D”PZi MwYZ, (M) K…wlwk¶v, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O)
5. imvqb g‡bvweÁvb, (P) cwimsL¨vb, (Q) g„wËKvweÁvb, (R) cÖ‡KŠkj AsKb I
6. RxeweÁvb A_ev D”PZi MwYZ IqvK©kc cÖ¨vKwUm (cyivZb wkÿvKªg), (S)*µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg),
gvbweK 4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I 7. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_©bxwZ, (M) f‚‡Mvj, (N) hyw³we`¨v,
ms¯‹…wZ (O) mgvRweÁvb, (P) mgvRKg©, (Q) Bmjvg wk¶v, (R) g‡bvweÁvb,
5. †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_©bxwZ A_ev (S) cwimsL¨vb, (T) b„-weÁvb (bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶) (U)
hyw³we`¨v K„wlwk¶v (V) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvU¨Kjv (cyivZb
6. mgvRweÁvb A_ev mgvRKg© A_ev f‚‡Mvj wkÿvµg), (Y) mgiwe`¨v (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwj
A_ev ms¯‹…Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (_) *µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg)
e¨emvq 4. e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv 7. (K) wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb, (M)
wk¶v 5. wnmveweÁvb Uz¨wiRg GÛ nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m¤ú` Dbœqb (bZzb wk¶vµg
6. wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶), (O) cwimsL¨vb, (P) f‚‡Mvj, (Q) A_©bxwZ, (R)
e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb K„wlwk¶v, (S) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (T) mvwPweK we`¨v I Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv
(2015-16 wk¶vel© ch©šÍ)
Bmjvg 4. Bmjvg wk¶v 7. (K) mgvRweÁvb, (L) mgvRKg©, (M) K„wlwk¶v, (N) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb,
wk¶v 5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z (O) g‡bvweÁvb, (P) hyw³we`¨v, (Q) f‚‡Mvj, (R) A_©bxwZ
6. Aviwe
Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb 4. wkïi weKvk 7. (K) wkíKjv I e¯¿ cwi”Q`, (L) g‡bvweÁvb, (M) A_©bxwZ, (N)
5. Lv`¨ I cywó mgvRKg©, (O) f‚‡Mvj, (P) mgvRweÁvb
6. M„n e¨e¯’vcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb
m½xZ 4. jNy m½xZ 7. (K) A_©bxwZ, (L) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) g‡bvweÁvb, (N)
5. D”Pv½ m½xZ hyw³we`¨v, (O) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q) mgvRKg©
6. A_©bxwZ A_ev †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
* µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb I gvbweK kvLvi wk¶v_©xiv Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|
 BwZnvm Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z welq `ywUi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e
mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© welq `ywUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| D‡jøL _v‡K †h, welq `ywU GKB m‡½
Avewk¨K I Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 200|
 ïay Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡q GKwU cÎ _vK‡e Ges Gi c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 100|
 mKj wel‡q mvßvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡qi mvßvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
 cÖwZwU wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß n‡e 60 wgwbU|
 GKB welq kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq Ges Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e `yÕevi †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 †h me wel‡q e¨envwiK Av‡Q Hme wel‡q ZË¡xq I e¨envwiK mgwš^Zfv‡e Pj‡e| A_©vr ZË¡xq Ask Ges G mswkøó e¨envwiK As‡ki wkLb-
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †mfv‡eB cÖYxZ n‡e|
 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR eB e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †idv‡iÝ wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ eB e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 11

7. wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
wk¶vµ‡gi myôz ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZKiY A_©vr wkLbdj AR©b cÖavbZ `yÕwU wel‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj|
me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©wU n‡”Q †kªwYwk¶‡Ki mwµq mn‡hvwMZv I h‡_vchy³ wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji myôy cÖ‡qvM Ges
wØZxqwU n‡”Q gvbm¤§Z cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi| Dfq †¶‡ÎB wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GK K_vq wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZKi‡Yi †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki †P‡q DËg Avi wKQy †bB| GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨,
A‡bK KwVb I RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK kªg I mgq cÖ‡qvRb Zv h‡_vwPZ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M mn‡R I Kg
mg‡q mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| wk¶v_©xi wkL‡bi †¶‡ÎI G wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| wk¶K c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q Kg cwikª‡g Ges
A‡c¶vK…Z Kg mg‡q h_vh_ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M wk¶v_©xi wkLbdj AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
7.1 wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨ welq
7.1.1 wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi mwµqZv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mwµqZvi `yÕwU †¶Î-gvbwmK mwµqZv I ˆ`wnK mwµqZv|
gvbwmK mwµqZv A_©vr wk¶Yxq wel‡q wk¶v_©xi wPšÍb cÖwµqv DÏxß Kiv| Ggb mgm¨v, cÖkœ ev KvR †`Iqv hvi mgvavb
wPšÍv K‡i †ei Ki‡Z nq| ˆ`wnK mwµqZv n‡jv nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR K‡i †kLv| wk¶v jvf cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq ivLv
†M‡j Kg mg‡q I mn‡R wkLb m¤¢e|
7.1.2 gvbyl GK ai‡bi Kv‡R `xN© mg‡q g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| wkï‡`i †¶‡Î g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqvi e¨vwß eq¯‹‡`i †P‡q Kg|
wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 12 †_‡K 16 eQi eqmx wkï‡`i †¶‡Î G e¨vwß 8 †_‡K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbf©i K‡i
KvRwU KZUv AvKl©Yxq Ges Avb›``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe †kªwY Kvh©µg n‡e ˆewPΨc~Y©| Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ KvR, Mí,
†jLv, AuvKv, weZK©, Awfbq, nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b BZ¨vw` cv‡Vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xi
g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv m¤¢e|
7.1.3 cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B ¯^Zš¿ (every individual is a unique)| wk¶v_©x‡`i †¶‡Î Zv †ewk we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L| cÖ‡Z¨K
wk¶v_©x Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wbR MwZ‡Z †k‡L| ZvB e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿¨i K_v we‡ePbvq †i‡L h_vm¤¢e wk¶v_©xi Dc‡hvMx
Dcv‡q mn‡hvwMZv †`Iqv n‡j wk¶v_©xi c‡¶ wk¶vjvf mnR nq|
7.1.4 wk¶v‡K ejv nq ÔeøK cÖwµqvÕ| eø‡Ki Dci eøK ¯’vcb K‡i weivU BgviZ ˆZwi Kiv nq| GKBfv‡e Rvbv AwfÁZv, Ávb I
`¶Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i bZzb Ávb, `¶Zv I g~j¨‡eva AR©‡b mn‡R mnvqZv †`Iqv hvq| ZvB wk¶v_©xi Rxeb †_‡K Dcgv,
D`vniY w`‡q Ges c~e©jä Ávb, `¶Zvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i bZzb Ávb, `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv n‡j wk¶v jvf
mnR nq|
7.1.5 wk¶v_©xiv hv wkL‡e Zv ey‡S wkL‡e| †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv jvf Ki‡e| bv ey‡S gyL¯’ Kiv h_v_© wk¶v bq|
G‡Z wkL‡bi mÂvjb nq bv| ey‡S wkL‡j ev †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi hyw³ I c×wZ ey‡S cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Abyiƒc mgm¨vi
mgvavb wkÿv_©x wb‡RB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wkL‡bi Rb¨ gyL‡¯’i †P‡q eySvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb|
7.1.6 wk¶v jv‡f h_vh_ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| me wel‡qB Kg-†ewk wk¶v DcKiY e¨env‡ii my‡hvM
Av‡Q| wk‡¶vcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ RwUj I weg~Z© welq‡K mnR I g~Z© K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i welqwU‡K ¯úó aviYv †`Iqv hvq|
GKwU †QvU MvQ †kªwY‡Z cÖ`k©b K‡i Mv‡Qi wewfbœ Ask e¨vL¨v Ki‡j wKsev gvwëwgwWqvq m~h©MÖnY †`Lv‡j Zv m¤^‡Ü hZ
mn‡R mwVK aviYv jvf m¤¢e Ab¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡e Zv m¤¢e bq| gvwëwgwWqv e¨env‡ii my‡hvM bv _vK‡j P›`ª, c„w_ex I m~‡h©i
Awfbq ev PvU© e¨envi Kiv hvq|
7.1.7 wkLb‡K ¯’vqxKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abykxj‡bi e¨e¯’v| bZzbfv‡e AwR©Z Ávb, `¶Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv n‡j GKw`‡K
†hgb wkLb ¯’vqx nq, Ab¨w`‡K wkLb mÂvj‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
7.1.8 wk¶v AR©‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki mnvbyf~wZc~Y© AvPiY LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi m¤úK© Ggb n‡e †hb
wk¶v_©x ïay †jLvcov welqK mgm¨v bq, Zvi †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK mgm¨v webv ms‡Kv‡P wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i| wk¶K mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`‡eb Ges mva¨gZ mnvqZv Ki‡eb| wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi gv‡S †Kv‡bv †`qvj _vK‡e bv|
m¤úK© n‡e †mœn-kª×vi Ges LyeB Nwbô I AvšÍwiK|
7.1.9 wk¶‡Ki wek¦vm _vK‡Z n‡e †h, Zuvi mKj wk¶v_©xB †kLvi mvg_©¨ m¤úbœ| mevi †kLvi Dcvq I MwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z
cv‡i, Z‡e Dchy³ cwi‡ek I mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j mevB wkL‡e| †Kvb wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki †bwZevPK g‡bvfve _vK‡j H
wk¶K †_‡K wk¶v_©xi DcK…Z nIqvi m¤¢vebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki D”P aviYv _vKv evÃbxq|
†Kvb wk¶v_©x‡K KLbI ÔZvi gv_vq †MveiÕ, Ô†Zv‡K w`‡q wKQyB n‡e bvÕ, ÔMvavÕ, ÔAc`v_©Õ BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †bwZevPK
ev wbiærmvng~jK K_v ejv hv‡e bv| †eZ e¨envi ev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw¯Í cÖ`vb wkÿv jv‡fi AšÍivq
Ges ivóªxq AvB‡b kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv †`wL‡q eis Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xi †kLvi AvMÖn A‡bKUvB
†e‡o hvq|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 12

8. wkLb gZev`
8.1 wk¶v weÁv‡bi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wkLb gZev`| `xN©w`b a‡i _b©WvB‡Ki ÔcÖ‡Póv I fyj ms‡kvabÕ gZev` (Trail and
Error Theory of Thorndike); †cfj‡fi DÏxcK I cÖwZwµqvwfwËK mv‡c¶ cÖwZeZ©ev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory of
Pavlov); †Kv‡njvi I KvdKv‡ii mgMÖZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkL‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q Avm‡Q| eqm‡f‡` wkï‡`i AeaviY
¶gZv wfbœ G wel‡q Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wk¶vweÁv‡b mwe‡kl Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| G gZev‡`
AeaviY ¶gZv ev mvg‡_©¨i ZviZg¨ Abymv‡i 1 †_‡K 16 eQi eq‡mi wkï Rxeb‡K PviwU ¯Í‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvM¸‡jv
n‡”Q (K) 0-2 eQi ms‡e`b mÂvj‡bi ¯Íi (L) 2-7 eQi cÖvK-Kvh©Ki ¯Íi (M) 7-11 eQi ev¯Íe Kvh©Ki ¯Íi Ges (N) 11-16
eQi AvbyôvwbK Kvh©Ki ¯Íi| wk¶vµg Dbœqb I wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq wkïi AeaviY ¶gZv ev mvg‡_¨©i welq
we‡ePbvq ivLv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †Kvb eq‡mi wkï KZUzKz aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i ev †Kvb eq‡m Kx Kx ai‡bi weg~Z© aviYv jvf
Ki‡Z m¶g †m m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vKv AZ¨vek¨K| wkL‡bi DwjøwLZ cÖ‡Z¨KwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wKš‘ eZ©gvb we‡k¦
me©vwaK Av‡jvP¨ wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb m¤úwK©Z hv MVbev` bv‡g cwiwPZ|
8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)
wk¶v_x© wKfv‡e †k‡L G m¤ú‡K© wk¶v g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i Ae¨vnZ cÖ‡Póvi d‡j D™¢~Z me©vaywbK ZË¡ n‡”Q MVbev`| j¨vwUb
kã Constrvere †_‡K Construct kãwUi DrcwË hvi A_© web¨vm Kiv ev MVb †`Iqv| ZvB G Z‡Ë¡i g~jK_v n‡jv aviYv
MVbB wkLb| cÖwZ gyn‡~ Z© Bw›`ªq MÖvn¨ Z_¨ Øviv Avgv‡`i wPšÍ‡bi g‡a¨ †h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZ©b n‡”Q Zvi gva¨‡gB
wkLb cÖwµqv N‡U| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x© wb‡Ri AwfÁZv Ges cvwicvwk¦©KZv Abya¨vb K‡i wb‡Ri g‡Zv GKKfv‡e bZzb Ávb I
aviYv MVb K‡i| e¨w³ bZzb wKQyi m¤§yLxb n‡j †m GUv‡K Zvi c~e©jä Ávb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K hvPvB K‡i MÖnY K‡i|
Gfv‡eB e¨w³ bZzb aviYv ev Ávb AR©b K‡i| hvPvB‡q bZzb welq‡K AevšÍi g‡b n‡j GUv‡K †m evwZj K‡i †`q|
wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î Jerome Bruner cwi‡ek I fvlv weKv‡ki Dci †ewk cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, ÁvbweKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î
cwi‡e‡ki f~wgKv †ewk Ges ÁvbweKv‡ki wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wkï Áv‡bi AvIZvfz³ wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb wewfbœfv‡e †`q| GUv
wbf©i K‡i wkïi c~e© AwfÁZv I Áv‡bi Dci|
David Jonassen g‡b K‡ib MVbev‡` wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv n‡e bZzb aviYv MV‡b wk¶v_x©‡K mnvqZv Kiv| ïay ZË¡ I Z_¨
mieivn Kiv bq| wk¶K mgm¨v-mgvavb ev AbymÜv‡bi wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb, wk¶v_x©iv hv‡Z wb‡RivB AbywgZ aviYv ˆZwi I
cix¶v K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i Ges `jMZ wkLb cwi‡e‡k Ab¨‡`i‡K Zv Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwµqvq Ávb jv‡fi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_x©iv wKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡”Q Zv D`NvUb Ki‡Z wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i DrmvwnZ K‡ib| Jonassen AviI g‡b K‡ib †h,
wk¶v_x©iv wb‡Riv wb‡R‡`i‡K cÖkœ K‡i Ges Zv‡`i e¨eüZ c×wZ †KŠk‡ji h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡i wb‡RivB µ‡g µ‡g
AwfÁ wk¶v_x©‡Z cwiYZ nq, wKfv‡e wkL‡Z nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv AvqË K‡i †d‡j| Gfv‡e Zviv Rxebe¨vcx
wk¶v_x©‡Z (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|
MVbev`wfwˇZ wk¶vµ‡gi web¨vm n‡e kw•Lj (spiral)| G e¨e¯’vq wk¶v_x© AwR©Z aviYv, Ávb I `„wófw½i Dci wfwË
K‡i µgvMZfv‡e bZzb bZyb aviYv, Ávb I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e|
David Jonassen Gi gZvbymv‡i MVbev`x †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb n‡e-
 MwVZ (Constructed) : wk¶v_x©iv Zv‡`i c~e©Ávb, aviYv I AwfÁZvi mv‡_ bZzb Ávb I AwfÁZvi mgš^q K‡i Abya¨v‡bi
gva¨‡g wb‡Ri gv‡S bZzb aviYv MVb Ki‡e|
 mwµq (Active) : wk¶v_x©iv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i aviYv m„wó Ki‡e| wk¶K Zv‡`i‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb Ges
wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K cix¶v Ki‡Z, DcKiYvw` e¨envi Ki‡Z, cÖkœ Ki‡Z I cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z my‡hvM K‡i w`‡eb|
wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K wb‡R‡`i j¶¨ I Kg©cš’v wba©vi‡Y mnvqZv w`‡eb|
8. wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq c×wZ I †KŠkj
wk¶v_©xi wkLb A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i wk¶K KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci| wk¶v_©x‡`i ¶gZv I cÖeYZv
Ges cv‡Vi ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| c×wZ I †KŠkj mwVK n‡j Ges h_vh_fv‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©x mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b K‡qKwU c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji msw¶ß cwiPq †`Iqv n‡jv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 13

8.1 cÖkœ-DËi c×wZ (Question-Answer Method)
cÖk-œ DËi GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ I Kvh©Ki c×wZ| G c×wZi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq †i‡L wkL‡b
mn‡hvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †kLvi Rb¨ cÖkœ, wkLbdj AR©b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖkœ, †Kvb we‡kl
K‡g©i Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ cÖkœ, BZ¨vw` †ek K‡qK ai‡bi cÖkœ i‡q‡Q|
8.2 cÖkœ Kivi ixwZ
 mg¯Í †kªwY‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i cÖkœ Kiv| GKRb †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡j †kªwYi Ab¨ wk¶v_©xiv wbw®Œq _v‡K,
Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB mevB‡K mwµq ivLvi Rb¨ mg¯Í †kªwY‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z nq|
 wPšÍv K‡i DËi wVK Kivi Rb¨ wKQyUv mgq †`Iqv|
 DËi `v‡b k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv| DËi`v‡b mÿg wk¶v_©xiv nvZ DVv‡e| mevi GKmv‡_ DËi †`Iqvi Af¨vm Z¨vM
Kiv‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶v_©x‡K wbw`©ó K‡i DËi w`‡Z ejv| GKB wk¶v_©x‡K evi evi DËi †`Iqvi my‡hvM bv w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g mevB‡K
my‡hvM †`Iqv| cÖ‡qvR‡b DËi`v‡b Bw½Z w`‡q mnvqZv Kiv| DËi mwVK bv n‡j Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡K DËi w`‡Z ejv|
 mwVK DËi cybive„wË Kiv|
 Gici c~‡e© nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wk¶v_©x‡K GKB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z ejv|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b AbymÜvbx cÖkœ (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡K †h cÖkœ Rv‡M Zv‡K AbymÜvbx cÖkœ ejv
nq|
8.2.1 cÖ‡kœi aib
 cÖ‡kœi fvlv n‡e mnR I †kªwY Dc‡hvMx|
 cÖkœ n‡e wk¶v_©xi wPšÍv DÏxcK I †cÖiYv m„wóKvix| Ô†KbÕ, ÔwKfv‡eÕ, ÔKviY KxÕ, Ôe¨vL¨v KiÕ, Ôwe‡kølY KiÕ, ÔZzjbv KiÕ
BZ¨vw` Øviv cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wPšÍv K‡i DËi †ei Ki‡Z nq|
 †hme cÖ‡kœi DËi Ônu¨vÕ ev ÔbvÕ Ggb cÖkœ bv KivB fvj| ¯§„wZ wbf©i cÖkœ †hgb ÔKxÕ, Ô†KÕ, Ô†Kv_vqÕ, ÔKqwUÕ ev ÔKv‡K e‡jÕ
BZ¨vw` cÖkœ hZUv m¤¢e cwinvi Kiv|
 ch©vqµ‡g Ggbfv‡e cÖkœ Kiv †hb cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi †_‡K welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b
cÖ‡kœvˇii gv‡S gv‡S Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
 AbymÜvbg~jK cÖkœ (probing question) A_©vr GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡K D™¢~Z cÖkœ K‡i wel‡qi c~Y©Zv Avbv cÖ‡qvRb|
†hgb-
g~j cÖkœ : we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x©‡`i Mo Dcw¯’wZ KZ?
DËi : mvaviY mg‡q 85%, we‡kl mg‡q 50%
AbymÜvbg~jK cÖkœ : we‡kl mg‡q Kg †Kb?
DËi : avb †ivcY I avb KvUvi †gŠmy‡g †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i A‡b‡K K…wlKv‡R AwffveK‡K mnvqZv K‡i ZvB Zviv
we`¨vj‡q Av‡m bv|
8.2.2 wk¶‡Ki KiYxq
 mwVK Dˇii Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡K Drmvn cÖ`vb
 fyj Dˇii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv I wkL‡Z Aby‡cÖiYv cÖ`vb Kiv
 mwVK Dˇii cÖm½ †U‡b Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv
 wk¶v_©x‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z my‡hvM †`Iqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wk¶v_©xi cÖ‡kœi DËi †`Iqv|
9. `jMZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wk¶v c×wZ
`jMZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK c×wZ GKwU mdj wkLbc×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z GKB eqtµ‡gi ev GKB ch©v‡qi wk¶v_©xiv
ci¯úi wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g wk¶v jvf K‡i| G‡¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv c‡iv¶ n‡jI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| `jMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi ïay Ávb-`¶ZvB e„w× cvq bv, mv‡_ mv‡_ †ek wKQy gvbweK ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U| K_v †kvbvi I K_v
ejvi k„•Ljv AbymiY, cigZ mwnòzZv, †bZ…Z¡, mg‡SvZv BZ¨vw` ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 14

9.1 `j MVb
wewfbœfv‡e `j MVb Kiv hvq| †hgb mg-mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡`i `j, wgkª mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡`i `j, welqwfwËK `j,
AÂjwfwËK `j BZ¨vw`| A‡bK †¶‡Î wgkª mvg‡_©¨ `‡ji myweav Ab¨‡`i †P‡q wKQyUv †ewk| cÖwZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ ev cÖwZ
wel‡qi Rb¨ bZzb K‡i `j MVb Ki‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mgq jv‡M| ZvB †kªwYwk¶K (whwb cÖ_g wcwiq‡W K¬vm †bb) `j
MVb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b GK gvm AšÍi AšÍi bZzb K‡i `j MVb Ki‡eb| G‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i wg_w¯Œqvi cwimi e„w×
cvq| GKB †kªwYi wewfbœ wel‡qi wk¶KMY †kªwYwk¶K KZ©„K MwVZ `j¸‡jv‡KB `jMZ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡eb|
cÖwZwU `‡ji AvKvi 6Rb †_‡K 8Rb n‡j fvj, Z‡e 10R‡bi †ewk nIqv evÃbxq bq| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji GKwU K‡i bvg
_vK‡j myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bv‡g `‡ji bvg ivLv hvq|
9.1.1 `jMZ Kv‡Ri Avmb web¨vm
`jMZ Kv‡Ri Avmb web¨vm Ggb n‡e hv‡Z `‡ji mKj wk¶v_©x gy‡LvgywL em‡Z cv‡i| †kªwYK‡¶i AvKvi eo n‡j
Ges ch©vß AvmevecÎ _vK‡j, cÖwZ `j †Mvj †Uwe‡ji Pvicv‡k¦© em‡e| Giƒc AvmevecÎ bv _vK‡j cvKv †g‡S‡Z
gv`y‡iI †Mvj n‡q em‡Z cv‡i| bZzev cÖ_g †e‡Âi wk¶v_©xiv Ny‡i wØZxq †e‡Âi gy‡LvgywL em‡e, Gfv‡e Z…Zxq †eÂ
Ny‡i PZz_© †e‡Âi gy‡LvgywL| G‡¶‡Î cÖwZ `‡ji wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K ci ci `yÕ†e‡Â em‡Z n‡e| wk¶K `jMZ KvR eywS‡q
†`Iqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B `je×fv‡e e‡m `jMZ KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| AvmevecÎ UvbvUvwb K‡i mgq bó Kiv hv‡e bv|
9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cÖwµqv
 `‡j fvM nIqvi Av‡MB mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wk¶K ¯úó K‡i `jMZ KvR eywS‡q w`‡eb|
 wk¶K `‡ji GKRb‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `j‡bZv g‡bvbqb w`‡eb| ch©vqµ‡g `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K‡K `j‡bZvi `vwqZ¡
w`‡eb|
 wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM n‡q em‡e| `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K welqwU wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡e| Zvici Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡e| GKRb K_v
ejvi mgq Ab¨iv gb w`‡q ïb‡e| K_vi gv‡S †KD K_v ej‡e bv| Z‡e Av‡jvPbv Ah_v `xN© ev cÖm½ ewnf©~Z n‡j
`j‡bZv f`ªfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡e|
 `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e|
 Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ZË¡, Z_¨, hyw³ Dc¯’vcb I hyw³ LÐb Ki‡e|
 Kv‡iv K_v AcQ›` n‡j ev gbtcyZ bv n‡j ˆah© a‡i ïb‡Z n‡e, c‡i hyw³ w`‡q LÐb Kiv hv‡e, ivM Kiv ev A‡kvfb
AvPiY Kiv hv‡e bv|
 †Rvi K‡i Ab¨‡`i Dci wb‡Ri gZvgZ Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi †Póv Kiv hv‡e bv|
 Av‡jvPbvi djvdj `‡ji wm×všÍ wnmv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e Ges mevB‡K †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
 cieZ©x‡Z mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kvbymv‡i H Av‡jvPbvi `j‡bZv `‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| Ab¨ `‡ji cÖkœ
_vK‡j `‡ji c‡¶ †h †Kv‡bv GKRb DËi w`‡e|
 `jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq †Kv‡bv gZv‰bK¨ ev mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j `j‡bZv nvZ Zz‡j wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv PvB‡e|
9.1.3 `jMZ Kv‡Ri aib
`jMZ KvR cÖavbZ AbymÜvbg~jK ev mgm¨vwfwËK n‡e| `jMZ Kv‡Ri welq wPšÍv DÏxcK, m„Rbkxj I we‡kølYagx©
n‡e| mvaviY ZË¡, Z_¨ ev Ávbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi welq nq bv| Zv‡Z AbymÜvb ev wPšÍv DÏxcK wKQy
_v‡K bv|

9.1.4 `jMZ Kv‡Ri K‡qKwU D`vniY

K. evsjv‡`k †_‡K wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cvwL µgvMZ wejyß nIqvi KviY I Zv‡`i i¶vi Dcvq AbymÜvb|
L. MÖv‡gi wbi¶i gvbyl‡K ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZb Kivi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i KiYxq wba©viY|
M. cix¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖKvi gvwUi ˆewkó¨ wPwýZKiY|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq miKvi, mgvR I Awffve‡Ki KiYxq wba©viY|
O. GKwU Aby‡”Q‡`i mvigg© D`&NvUb|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 15

9.1.5 `jMZ Kv‡Ri welq wnmv‡e mwVK bq
K. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni bvg
L. evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZi eY©bv
M. mvK© †`kmg~‡ni ivRavbx, RbmsL¨v I gv_vwcQy Avq
N. cigvYyi MVb eY©bv
O. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb eY©bv
9.1.6 `jMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb `ye©jZvi Aemvb
wk¶v_©x‡`i †KD †KD wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkLb
`ye©jZvm¤úbœ wk¶v_©x‡`i wPwýZ K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl `jMZ Kv‡Ri e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq| G †¶‡Î GKB †kªwYi GKRb
wkLbdj AR©bKvix †PŠKm wk¶v_©x‡K `j‡bZv wnmv‡e `‡ji Ab¨‡`i‡K wkLb mn‡hvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nq|
wkÿK `j‡bZv‡K c~‡e©B cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †`b| mgch©v‡qi wk¶v_©x Øviv Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K wkLb mn‡hvwMZv
†`Iqv‡K ÔPeer LearningÕ ejv nq|
9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶‡Ki KiYxq
`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶K Ny‡i Ny‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| †hLv‡b hLb cÖ‡qvRb wb‡`©kbv I
mnvqZv w`‡eb| cieZ©x‡Z `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq fyj-åvwšÍ ev Am¤ú~Y©Zv _vK‡j awi‡q w`‡eb|
10. cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration Method)
cÖ`k©b c×wZi g~jK_v n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQy †`wL‡q †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡f wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K mnvqZv Kiv| †Kv‡bv wKQy
Dc¯’vc‡b ïay eY©bv ev Av‡jvPbvq mxgve× bv †_‡K Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡j aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges G‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i AvMÖn
I Drmvn e„w× cvq| G c×wZ‡Z cv‡Vi welq mswkøó ev¯Íe e¯‘ ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e cÖwµqv †`wL‡q eY©bv, Av‡jvPbv ev cÖkœ-
Dˇii gva¨‡g aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv nq| †hgb- GKwU Rev dz‡ji Ask¸‡jv †`wL‡q dz‡ji Ask¸‡jvi m¤ú‡K©
aviYv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv; †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i mvg‡b hš¿cvwZ ms‡hvRb K‡i `¯Ívi mv‡_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmW
wgwk‡q nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †`Lv‡bv BZ¨vw`|
A‡bK †¶‡Î ev¯Íe e¯‘ ev NUbv mivmwi †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| †m‡¶‡Î Aa©ev¯Í‡ei mvnv‡h¨ aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv
hvq| †hgb- P›`ª ev m~h©MÖnY m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ †kªwYK‡¶ wmwW ev wWwfwWi gva¨‡g gvwëwgwWqvq c„w_ex I
Puv‡`i wbR wbR K¶c‡_ N~Y©b †`wL‡q MÖnY NUvi welqwU cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| cÖ‡R±i ev gvwëwgwWqv bv _vK‡j Pv‡U©i
gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv hvq| †¶Î we‡k‡l wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i wb‡q ev¯Íe NUbv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e †`wL‡q wk¶v jv‡f
mnvqZv Kiv hvq| †hgb- f~wg¶‡qi KviY¸‡jv cÖZ¨¶ †`Lv‡bv hvq| m¤¢e n‡j HwZnvwmK ¯’v‡b wb‡q wewfbœ wb`k©b
†`wL‡q I eY©bv K‡i aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv hvq| †hgb- Kzwgjøvi †KvUevwo kvjeb wenv‡i cwi`k©‡b wb‡q ZrKvjxb
†eŠ×mf¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i AbymwÜrmv e„w× cvq| mn‡R mwVK aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkLb A‡c¶vK…Z `xN©¯’vqx
nq| cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb me wk¶v_©x ¯úó †`L‡Z cvq|
11. AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri aib
AbymÜvbg~jK KvR g~jZ Kg©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ| wWDBi mwµqZv Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x©iv
GKKfv‡e ev `jMZfv‡e wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡Póvq wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z wkÿv jvf K‡i _v‡K| G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x© †Kv‡bv
welq ev NUbv ev mgm¨vi KviY, djvdj, cÖwZwµqv BZ¨vw` D`&NvUb K‡i| bw_cÎ ch©v‡jvPbv, cwi`k©b, ch©‡e¶Y,
mv¶vrKvi MÖnY bvbvfv‡e AbymÜvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY-
 hyemgv‡Ri AvKvk ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ cÖeYZv e„w×i KviY I djvdj
 wkí A‡j evqy `~l‡Yi KviY I djvdj
 Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b AwZgvÎvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK `ªe¨ e¨env‡ii cÖwZwµqv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 16

12. AbymÜvbg~jK c×wZ‡Z wkLb cÖwµqv
cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU welq ev mgm¨v wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| G c×wZ‡Z hveZxq Kvh©µg cÖavbZ cuvPwU ch©v‡q
cwiPvwjZ nq| ch©vq¸‡jv n‡”Q-
K. mgm¨v/D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY
L. cwiKíbv cÖYqb
M. Z_¨ msMÖn
N. Z_¨ we‡kølY
O. cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
me© cÖ_‡g Kvh©µ‡gi mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv ev D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| wØZxq ch©v‡q mgMÖ Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Ki‡Z nq| D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e, †KvbwU wKfv‡e, Kx w`‡q, KLb Ki‡Z n‡e-G meB cwiKíbvq _v‡K|
Z_¨ msMÖn AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯Íi| cÖvBgvwi ev †m‡KÛvwi Drm n‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| PZy_©
ch©v‡q Z_¨ we‡kølY I djvdj cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| me©‡kl wkÿv_x m¤ú~Y© AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri Dci GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖYqb Ki‡e|
13. wkLb- †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU K_v
wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj A‡bK ai‡bi| Gi K‡qKwU wk¶K‡Kw›`ªK Ges K‡qKwU wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK| wkLb-†kLv‡bv
cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi mwµq AskMÖnY wk¶vjv‡f mnvqK| me c×wZiB Kg‡ewk myweav I Amyweav Av‡Q| Ggb †Kv‡bv c×wZ
ev †KŠkj †bB †hwU mKj wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ mgfv‡e Dc‡hvMx ev me ai‡bi welqe¯‘i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| wk¶‡Ki wewfbœ c×wZ
I †KŠk‡ji Dci `¶Zv Ges †kªwY I cvV Dc‡hvMx c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci wbf©i K‡i wk¶v_©xi wkLb
mvdj¨| Ggb †Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv †bB †h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wk¶K‡K GKwU c×wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| cvV‡K
djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K cwiw¯’wZ Abymv‡i GKvwaK c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji mswgkª‡Y wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cv‡Vi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i wk¶‡Ki weP¶YZv, welqÁvb I wkLb c×wZi h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci| GRb¨ ejv nq wk¶KB
m‡e©vrK…ó c×wZ| wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ eûwea| GLv‡b gvÎ K‡qKwU wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ ms‡¶‡c
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| Z‡e wk¶‡Ki AwaK msL¨K c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci `¶Zv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Zvn‡j wZwb †h †¶‡Î †h
c×wZ Dc‡hvMx Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK c×wZi mswgkª‡Y wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wk¶K hw` eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h cÖ‡qvMK…Z c×wZ wkÿv_x©‡`i wkL‡b djcÖm~ n‡”Q bv ZLb wZwb
c×wZ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB wk¶K‡`i eû c×wZi Dci `¶Zv _vKv Avek¨K|
14. wkÿv_x©i g~j¨vqb
mvaviY A‡_© wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb n‡jv wkÿv Kvh©µg †_‡K wkÿv_©xi AR©‡bi gvÎv wbY©q Kiv| A_©vr wkÿvµ‡g D‡jøwLZ c~e©
wba©vwiZ wkLbdj wkÿv_©x KZUv AR©b K‡i‡Q Zv wbiƒcYB wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb| hw`I g~j¨vqb K_vwUi we¯Í…wZ A‡bK e¨vcK|
Avgiv wewfbœ mg‡q bvbvfv‡e wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| g~j¨vq‡bi mgq I aib we‡ePbvq wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb cÖavbZ `yB
avivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~j¨vqb Ges (L) mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw`©ó cvV¨vsk †_‡K
wkÿv_©xi AR©b g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| G g~j¨vqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l ev
Kvh©µg †k‡l mvgwqK cixÿv, evwl©K cixÿv, GmGmwm cixÿv BZ¨vw` cixÿvi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| G ai‡bi
g~j¨vqb nj mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| avivevwnK I mvgwóK Dfq avivi g~j¨vq‡biB cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| Z‡e avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi
¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| KviY-
 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi wkLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i ZvrÿwYK wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv hvq|
 wkÿv_©xi nv‡Z-Kj‡g e¨envwiK KvR Kivi cÖwµqv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq|
 wkÿv_©xi we‡kl wKQz `ÿZv, †hgb- †kvbv, ejv, cov BZ¨vw` Kg mg‡q, Kg Li‡P I mn‡R cwigvc K‡i av‡c av‡c
wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv I wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv hvq| mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Gme ˆewk‡ó¨i g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e
nq bv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 17

  wkÿv_©xi Av‡eMxq w`Kmg~n we‡kl K‡i e¨w³K I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~j¨‡eva cÖZ¨ÿ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq|
 G g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK Zuvi e¨eüZ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji h_v_©Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv wba©viY K‡i ev
`ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡ib|
15. avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Kiv hvq|
15.1 †kÖwYi KvR
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©x KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z hveZxq KvR †kªwYi KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ| welq‡f‡`
†kÖwYi Kv‡Ri ai‡b ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡kœi DËi ejv ev †jLv, AuvKv (wPÎ/Qwe, mviwY,
gvbwPÎ, †jLwPÎ), Av‡jvPbv I weZ‡K© AskMÖnY, PwiÎ-Awfbq, e¨envwiK KvR-G ai‡bi me wKQzB †kÖwYi KvR|
evsjv I Bs‡iwR wel‡q †kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv BZ¨vw` †kªwYi KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
15.2 evwoi KvR
wkÿv_x© evwo‡Z wkÿvµgwfwËK †h KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkÿv_x© GKKfv‡e m¤úbœ
Ki‡e GUvB cÖZ¨vwkZ| wkÿK wbwðZ n‡eb †h, wkÿv_x© GKvB KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| evwoi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©i
wPšÍb `ÿZv Ges e¨w³K AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| evwoi KvR g~j¨vqb K‡i wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv w`‡eb| wkÿvµ‡gi wkLbd‡ji Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i wkÿK evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
 jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e evwoi KvR †hb wkÿv_x©‡K gyL¯’ Kivq DrmvwnZ bv K‡i| evwoi KvR Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb
wkÿv_©xi wPšÍb `ÿZv weKvk Ges m„RbkxjZv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K|
 †kÖwYK‡ÿ AwR©Z aviYvmg~n wPšÍv I Kv‡R cÖ‡qvM Kivi my‡hvM †hb evwoi Kv‡R _v‡K| evwoi KvR †hb
wkÿv_x©‡K m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †mw`‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| wkÿvµg g¨vwUª‡· wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg Kjv‡g cÖ`Ë evwoi KvR bgybv wnmv‡e AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 cÖwZwU wel‡qi evwoi KvR¸‡jv Ggb n‡e hv wkÿv_©x 30-35 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿK cÖwZ
mvgwq‡K †kÖwY‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
15.3 †kªwY Afxÿv
cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †k‡l †kÖwY Afxÿv †bIqv n‡e| †kwY Afxÿv wjwLZ ev e¨envwiK n‡e| cÖwZwU †kÖwY Afxÿv ¯^í mgq
†bIqv n‡e| wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ K¬vm wcwiq‡W †bIqv n‡e| wba©vwiZ GK K¬vm wcwiq‡Wi AwZwi³ mgq †bIqv hv‡e
bv| †kÖwY Afxÿvi w`b †kÖwYi Ab¨vb¨ wcwiq‡Wi ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© h_vixwZ Pj‡e|
16 mvgwqK cixÿv I cvewjK cixÿv
RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 Gi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i cÖwZ wkÿve‡l© `yÕwU mvgwq‡K fvM Kiv n‡e| mvgwqK Ges cvewjK
cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ cÖYqb Ges DËicÎ g~j¨vqb m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i n‡e| wkÿvµ‡g cÖ`Ë
Aa¨vqmg~n‡K `yÕwU mvgwq‡Ki Rb¨ eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©w`e‡mi cwigv‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i Aa¨vqmg~n‡K
mvgwq‡K eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g mvgwq‡K g~j¨vqbK…Z Aa¨vqmg~n‡K wØZxq mvgwq‡K g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e
bv| mvgwqK †k‡l Aby‡ôq cixÿv wkÿvµ‡g welq Ges c‡Îi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z c~Y© b¤^‡i n‡e| wkÿvµg iƒc‡iLvi
welqKvVv‡gvq wel‡qi c~Y©b¤^i †`Iqv Av‡Q|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZi cÖkœc‡Î `y&B ai‡bi cÖkœ _vK‡e| GKwU n‡”Q eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ Ges AciwU n‡”Q m„Rbkxj cÖkœ|
eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœc‡Î wZb ai‡bi eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ _vK‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q mvaviY eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ, eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ Ges Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ| eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœc‡Î wPšÍb `ÿZvi Pvi ¯Í‡ii cÖkœ
AvbycvwZKnv‡i _vK‡e| mKj Aa¨vq‡K cixÿvi AvIZvfz³ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖkœcÖÎ cÖYq‡bi c~‡e© wb‡`©kK QK ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœ GKwU DÏxcK _vK‡e Ges DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ 4wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| cÖkœ 4wU w`‡q wPšÍb
`ÿZvi PviwU ¯Íi (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM Ges D”PZi `ÿZv) hvPvB Kiv n‡e| Z‡e wnmveweÁvb MwYZ I D”PZi
MwYZ wel‡qi wnmve m„Rbkxj cÖkœc‡Î ïay wPšÍb `ÿZvi cÖ‡qvM ¯Ív‡ii 3wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| 1wU mnR gv‡bi, 1wU
ga¨gv‡bi I GKwU A‡cÿv KwVb gv‡bi cÖkœ b¤^i cÖ`vb wb‡`©wkKv AbymiY K‡i DËicÎ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 18

wkÿvµg Dbœq‡b mswkøó KwgwU
1. RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. W. Kvgvj Ave`yj bv‡mi †PŠayix mfvcwZ
mwPe, wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
2. DcvPvh©, RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m¨
3. W. KvRx LjxKz¾vgvb Avng` m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k A_©bxwZ mwgwZ|
4. hyM¥-mwPe (gva¨wgK), wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m¨
5. gnvcwiPvjK, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv| m`m¨
6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkÿv e¨e¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wkÿv Awa`ßi, AvMviMuvI, XvKv| m`m¨
8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| m`m¨
9. cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯Ídv KvgvjDwÏb m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
10. †Pqvig¨vb, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
11. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
12. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
13. m`m¨ (wkÿvµg), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
14. cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Rvdi BKevj m`m¨
wefvMxq cÖavb, Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ GÛ BwÄwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|
15. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
cÖv³b Aa¨vcK I cwiPvjK, wkÿv I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
16. Aa¨vcK W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb m`m¨
Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
17. Aa¨vcK kvnxb gvn&eyev Kexi m`m¨
Bs‡iwR wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
18. m`m¨ (cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
19. m`m¨ (cvV¨cy¯ÍK), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
20. cÖKí cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, wkÿv feb, XvKv| m`m¨
21. Dc mwPe (gva¨wgK), wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m¨

2. cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯Ídv KvgvjDwÏb mfvcwZ
†Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
2. gnvcwiPvjK, gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv| m`m¨
3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq,XvKv| m`m¨
5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv| m`m¨
6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv| m`m¨
7. Rbve gbRyiæj Avnmvb eyjeyj m`m¨
cÖavb m¤úv`K, ˆekvLx †Uwjwfwkb wjwg‡UW, XvKv|
8. cÖKí cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v feb, XvKv| m`m¨
9. †Pqvig¨vb, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wk¶v‡evW©, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k AvšÍt †evW© mgš^q mve KwgwU| m`m¨
10. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wk¶v †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
11. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
12. Aa¨vcK Avãyjøvn Avey mvqx` m`m¨
cwiPvjK, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 19

 13. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
civgk©K, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|
14. Aa¨vcK Kwdj DÏxb Avn‡g` m`m¨
civgk©K, cÖv_wgK wk¶vµg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
15. cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avjx m`m¨
cÖv³b m`m¨, wk¶vµg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
(evmv-ÔmßKÕ-†gwfm 8g Zjv (cwðg), 6/9, eøK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|
16. Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| m`m¨
17. cÖ‡dmi mvjgv AvLZvi m`m¨
AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
18. Aa¨¶, wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡jR, XvKv| m`m¨
19. m`m¨ (wk¶vµg), RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
20. cÖavb wk¶K, Meb©‡g›U j¨ve‡iUwi nvB ¯‹zj, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
21. Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` f~uBqv m`m¨-mwPe
weZiY wbqš¿K, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|

3. †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. cÖ‡dmi †gvt Ave`yyj ReŸvi AvnevqK
cÖv³b cwiPvjK, bv‡qg, XvKv|
(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, †m±i bs-4, DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230)
2. Aa¨vcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZd m`m¨
mycvi wbDgvwi Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
3. cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym myenvb m`m¨
cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, †ivW bs-6/G, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)
4. Aa¨vcK W. †Mvjvg imyj wgqv m`m¨
cÖv³b Aa¨¶, wUPvm© †Uªwbs K‡jR, XvKv|
(evmv bs-47, †ivW bs-02, †m±i-09, DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)
5. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
civgk©K
GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v feb, XvKv|
6. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt bvRgyj Kwig †PŠayix m`m¨
e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
7. W. Avãyj gv‡jK m`m¨
Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
8. Rbve †gvnv¤§` RvwKi †nv‡mb m`m¨
wk¶vµg we‡klÁ
GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
9. Rbve kvnxbviv †eMg m`m¨
we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
10. Rbve †gvt †gvL‡jm Di ingvb m`m¨
we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
11. Rbve †gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg m`m¨-mwPe
EaŸ©Zb we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 20

 4. †fwUs KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. evsjv 1. Aa¨vcK Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi b~iRvnvb †eMg
Aa¨¶, miKvwi weÁvb K‡jR, XvKv|
2. Bs‡iwR 1. cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym myenvb
cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv|
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, †ivW bs-6/G, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)
2. cÖ‡dmi †gvt kvgmyj nK
cÖv³b Wxb, evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, G¨vcvU©‡g›U-we-5, †ivW bs
68G, ¸jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)
3. MwYZ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãyj gwZb
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãym Qvgv`
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
4. weÁvb 1. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvwRRyi ingvb
c`v_©weÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. Rbve †gvnv¤§` b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
5. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 1. cÖ‡dmi W. nviæb Di iwk`
ivóªweÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. W. ˆmq` nvwdRyi ingvb
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, cwi‡ek weÁvb wefvM
Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
6. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Rvdi BKevj
Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ GÛ BwÄwbqvwis wefvM
kvn&Rvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|
2. Rbve †gvt mwdDj Avjg Lvb
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Z_¨ cÖhyw³ BÝwUwUDU, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
7. cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvj
f~ZË¡ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt LexiDÏxb
cwi‡ek weÁvb wefvM, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 21

5. wkÿvµg Dbœqb KwgwU
µg bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1 cÖ‡dmi kvgxgv cvifxb AvnevqK
Aa¨ÿ ,miKvwi m½xZ K‡jR, AvMviMuvI XvKv|
2 Rbve gvngy`yj nvmvb m`m¨
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, D”Pv½ m½xZ, miKvwi m½xZ K‡jR, AvMviMuvI XvKv|
3 W. gnmxbv Av³vi Lvbg m`m¨
cÖfvlK, msMxZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
4 Rbve kvgxgv AvLZvi m`m¨
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ,GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
5 Rbve myiwRr ivq gRyg`vi mgš^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

6. mvwe©K mgš^q KwgwU

µg bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we

1. Rbve †gvnv¤§` RvwKi †nv‡mb mvwe©K mgš^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ I GmBGmwWwc †dvKvj c‡q›U
KvwiKzjvg †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
2. Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` fu~Bqv mvwe©K mgš^qKvix
weZiY wbqš¿K
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 22

wkÿvµg
jNym½xZ
1. f~wgKv

wkÿv I ms¯‹…wZ G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK| wkÿv hw` nq cÖ`xc wkLv ms¯‹…wZ Zvi Av‡jvKQUv| hyM hyM a‡i we‡k¦i mKj
DbœZ †`k I RvwZB Zv‡`i Avcb ms¯‹…wZ‡K jvjb K‡i Zv‡`i cwiP‡qi GKwU aviK I evnK wn‡m‡e ms¯‹w… Z‡K e¨envi
K‡i Avm‡Q|

we‡k¦i cÖwZwU †cÖÿvcUB cwieZ©bkxj| ms¯‹…wZ PP©vi gva¨‡g gvbyl n‡q D‡V myiæwPevb, ms¯‹…wZevb Ges M‡o †Zv‡j GKwU
HwZn¨m‡PZb myk„sLj RvwZ| m„Rbkxj wkÿvi AšÍM©Z GB wkÿv gbyl‡K AvZ¥ïw× `vb K‡i, †gav-gbb‡K GKvMÖ K‡i
Ava¨vwZ¥K †PZbv‡K mg„× K‡i wkÿv_©x‡K M‡o †Zv‡j ˆah©kxj, kÖ×vkxj, Kzms¯‹vi gy³, Amv¤úª`vwqK Ges †`k‡cÖwgK
bvMwiK| cÖK…Z A‡_© GKRb gvby‡li †fZi A‡bK¸‡jv NygšÍ mËv _v‡K hv nq‡Zv †m wb‡RI Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
ms¯‹…wZPP©v †mB myKzgvi e„w˸‡jv‡K RvwM‡q Zz‡j Zv‡K †jvf-jvjmv I cikÖxKvZiZv †_‡K gy³ K‡i| GKRb m½xZ
mvaK GKvav‡i †hgb fvj gvbyl †Zgwb GKRb m„Rbkxj e¨w³Z¡|

m½xZPP©v ev mvabv Zv‡K GKwU cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡j G‡Z K‡i †Nv‡P †eKviZ¡, nq AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb| ïay ZvB bq
DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z m½xZ‡K wPwKrmv weÁv‡bI e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
KÉm½x‡Zi `ywU aviv D”Pv½m½xZ I jNym½xZ| jNym½xZ ej‡Z evYx I myi-Zv‡ji mg¤^‡q MwVZ GKwU we‡kl g‡bviÁ
iPbv hv wPˇK weKwkZ K‡i| iex›`ªm½xZ, bRiæjm½xZ, †jvKm½xZ, AvaywbK Mvb G meB jNym½x‡Zi AšÍfy©³|
ga¨ hy‡M (1100-1800 wLª:) m½x‡Zi †Kvb cÖvwZôvwbK ¯’vb wQj bv| ïayB we‡bv`‡bi welq wQj| ivRv ev`kvn,
Rgx`vi‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvq m½xZ cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| hy‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ m½xZ Zvi ¯^Kxq ˆewk‡ó¨ ¯’vb K‡i
wb‡q‡Q| ZvB we‡k¦i Ges GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡q mvaviY wkÿvi cvkvcvwk m½xZI
¯’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| m½xZPP©v‡K mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi R‡b¨ GKwU AvaywbK gv‡bi m½xZ wkÿvµg GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb
Ges evsjv‡`‡ki mKj ¯‹zj, K‡jR¸‡jv‡Z mË¡i Kvh©µg Pvjy Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| GB wkÿv Kvh©µ‡g Gevi Z_¨ I
†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mshy³ nIqvq Gi gvb D”PZi n‡q‡Q Gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©iv Avgv‡`i ms¯‹w… Z‡K ewn©we‡k¦ †cŠ‡Q w`‡Z
cvi‡e|
m½xZwkÿv Ab¨vb¨ welq †_‡K †ek Avjv`v| GB wkÿvi R‡b¨ mvaviY †gavi m‡½ m‡½ Rb¥MZ wKQz cÖwZfv _vKv GKvšÍ
cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb Mv‡bi R‡b¨ my›`i KÉ, bv‡Pi R‡b¨ b„Z¨‡eva|
m½xZ ¸iægyLx we`¨v| ïay eB c‡o ev ¯^iwjwc †`‡L KL‡bv m½xZ‡K cwic~Y© iƒc †`qv hvq bv| ZvB m½xZ‡K cÖvwZôvwbK
Ki‡jI ¸iæ-wk‡l¨i m¤ú‡K©i welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
2012 Gi GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi wkÿv Kvh©µ‡g m½x‡Zi m~ÿ¥vwZm~ÿ¥ welq¸‡jv‡K gv_vq †i‡L GKwU DbœZ wek¦gv‡bi
m½xZ Kvh©µg ˆZwii m‡e©v”P †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g QvÎ-QvÎxiv m½x‡Zi GKwU mg¨K aviYv wb‡q D”P
wkÿvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Gi gva¨‡g †hb AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K we‡kl Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB
Kvh©µg Aa¨qb K‡i wkÿv_x©iv m½xZwkíx bv n‡jI Zviv PvB‡j †hb n‡Z cv‡i GKRb m½xZ mgv‡jvPK, m½xZ
mvsevw`K, MxwZKvi, myiKvi A_ev m½xZ cwiPvjK|
gvZ…fvlvq iwPZ jNy½x‡Zi mwVK PP©v evsjvi m½xZ RMZ‡K Ki‡e Hk¦hg© q|

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 24

2. D‡Ïk¨
1.evsjvMv‡bi DrcwË Ges µgweKvk m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Kiv|
2.jNym½xZ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv Ges m½xZPPv©i cÖwZ DØy× nIqv|
3. jNym½x‡Zi ZvwË¡K welqvw` Rvbv Ges Gi cÖwZ AvMÖnvwš^Z nIqv|
4. KÉm½xZ PPv©i c×wZ Rvbv Ges D”PviY m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nIqv|
5. wewfbœ avivi evsjvMvb m¤ú‡K© `ÿZv jvf Kiv Ges ï×fv‡e cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cviv|
6. AvÂwjK Mv‡bi aviv m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Kiv|
7. jNym½xZ wkíx‡`i Rxebx Ges m½x‡Z Zvu‡`i Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
8. hš¿m½xZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv|
9. †`kxq †jvKev`¨ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv|
10. AvKvigvwÎK ¯^iwjwc wjLb I cVb c×wZ Rvbv I cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
11. evsjvMv‡b e¨eüZ Zvj m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv|
12. †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mv‡bi gva¨‡g †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× nIqv|
13. wewfbœ m½xZ MÖš’vw` cv‡V DØy× nIqv|
14. jNym½xZ PPv©i gva¨‡g evsjv ms¯‹„wZi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj nIqv|
15. m½xZPPv©i gva¨‡g gb I gbb‡K weKwkZ K‡i wPËe„wˇK mg„× Kiv Ges gvbweK g~j¨‡eva AR©‡bi gva¨‡g
Rxeb‡K mv_©K I my›`i Kiv|

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 25

 cÖ_g cÎ
3. Aa¨vq web¨vm I eÈb

Aa¨vq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg wcwiqW msL¨v

cÖ_g
wØZxq
Z…Zxq
PZz_©
cÂg
lô
mßg
Aóg

wØZxq cÎ
4 . Aa¨vq web¨vm I eÈb

Aa¨vq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg wcwiqW msL¨v

cÖ_g
wØZxq
Z…Zxq
PZz_©
cÂg
lô
mßg
Aóg
beg

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 26

 5. wkÿvµg QK
cÖ_g cÎ

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 27

 ZË¡xq
(K ¸”Q: KÉm½xZ wefvM, L ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: †mZvi-‡envjv Ges M ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: Zejvi Rb¨)
cÖ_g Aa¨vq: evsjvMv‡bi DrcwË Ges µgweKvk (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. evsjvMv‡bi DrcwË eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  evsjvMv‡bi DrcwË
2. evsjvMv‡bi µgweKvk (Phv©c` †_‡K AvaywbK Kvj ch©šÍ)  evsjvMv‡bi µgweKvk
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

wØZxq Aa¨vq: evsjvMv‡bi aviv (15 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi evsjvMv‡bi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  iex›`ªm½xZ, bRiæjm½xZ Ges AZzj cÖmv` †mb,
2. wewfbœ avivi evsjvMv‡bi ˆewPΨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| w؇R›`ªjvj ivq, iRbxKvšÍ †mb

3. ivMvwkÖZ iex›`ªm½xZ Ges bRiæjm½x‡Zi e¨vL¨v  ivMvwkÖZ iex›`ªm½xZ Ges bRiæjm½xZ

Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

Z„Zxq Aa¨vq: cÖwm× m½xZÁ (07 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cÖwm× m½xZÁ‡`i Rxebx eY©bv I m½x‡Z Zvu‡`i  jvjb kvn, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg,
Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| nvQb ivRv, ivgcÖmv` †mb

PZz_© Aa¨vq: cÖwm× m½xZwkíx (08 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cÖwm× m½xZwkíx‡`i Rxebx eY©bv I m½x‡Z Zvu‡`i  Av½yievjv, kvwšÍ‡`e †Nvl, KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq,
Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Áv‡b›`ªcÖmv` †Mv¯^vgx, AveŸvm DwÏb Avng`, Ave`yj Avwjg
cÂg Aa¨vq: Zvj I ¯^iwjwc (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zv‡ji ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj
(iex›`ª I bRiæj m„ó Zvjmn)
2. AvKvigvwÎK ¯^iwjwc c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvKvigvwÎK ¯^iwjwc wjLb c×wZ|

(†h †Kv‡bv GKwU ¸”Q wbev©Pb Ki‡Z n‡e| K ¸”Q: KÉm½xZ wefvM, L ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: †mZvi-‡envjv Ges M ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: Zejv)

e¨envwiK: KÉm½xZ wefvM

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: evsjvMvb cwi‡ekbv (80 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi Ges wewfbœ chv©‡qi evsjvMvb  cjøxMxwZÑfvIqvBqv,fvwUqvjx, Rvwi, mvwi, evDj
cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (cÖwZwU wefvM †_‡K  iex›`ªm½xZÑ c~Rv, ¯^‡`k, †cÖg Ges wewPÎv
Kgc‡ÿ 4wU K‡i|)  bRiæjm½xZÑKve¨m½xZ, †`kvZ¡‡evaK, ivMvkÖqx,
KxZ©b Ges †jvKmy‡ii Mvb|
 AZzjcÖmv‡`i Mvb, KvšÍMxwZ, w؇R›`ªMxwZ

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 28

wØZxq Aa¨vq: ¯^iwjwc cVb, Zejv ev`b Ges myi evuav (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj gy‡L eÕ‡j Ges nv‡Z  jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj
Zvwj w`‡q †`Lv‡Z Ges †VKv evRv‡Z cvi‡e|

2. mswkøó h‡š¿ myi evua‡Z cvi‡e|  h‡š¿ myi evuav

3. ¯^iwjwc †`‡L m½xZ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ¯^iwjwc c×wZi cÖ‡qvM

e¨envwiK: hš¿m½xZ wefvM(†mZvi Ges †envjv)

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: jNym½xZ cwi‡ekbv (80 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi Ges wewfbœ chv©‡qi evsjvMvb cwi‡ekb  cjøxMxwZÑfvIqvBqv,fvwUqvjx, Rvwi, mvwi, evDj
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (cÖwZwU wefvM †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 4wU  iex›`ªm½xZÑ c~Rv, ¯^‡`k, †cÖg Ges wewPÎv
K‡i|)  bRiæjm½xZÑKve¨m½xZ, †`kvZ¡‡evaK, ivMvkÖqx,
KxZ©b Ges †jvKmy‡ii Mvb|
 AZzjcÖmv‡`i Mvb, KvšÍMxwZ, w؇R›`ªMxwZ

wØZxq Aa¨vq: ¯^iwjwc cVb, Zejv ev`b Ges myi evuav (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
4. jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj gy‡L eÕ‡j Ges nv‡Z  jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj
Zvwj w`‡q †`Lv‡Z Ges †VKv evRv‡Z cvi‡e|

5. mswkøó h‡š¿ myi evua‡Z cvi‡e|  h‡š¿ myi evuav

6. ¯^iwjwc †`‡L m½xZ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ¯^iwjwc c×wZi cÖ‡qvM

e¨envwiK: hš¿m½xZ wefvM (Zejv)

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: jNym½x‡Z m½Z (90 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi Ges wewfbœ chv©‡qi evsjvMv‡bi  cjøxMxwZÑfvIqvBqv,fvwUqvjx, Rvwi, mvwi, evDj
mv‡_ m½Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  iex›`ªm½xZÑ c~Rv, ¯^‡`k, †cÖg Ges wewPÎv
 bRiæjm½xZÑKve¨m½xZ, †`kvZ¡‡evaK, ivMvkÖqx,
KxZ©b Ges †jvKmy‡ii Mvb|
 AZzjcÖmv‡`i Mvb, KvšÍMxwZ, w؇R›`ªMxwZ
2.mwVK c×wZ‡Z Zejvq myi evua‡Z cvi‡e|
 h‡š¿ myi evuav

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 29

 6. wkÿvµg QK
wØZxq cÎ

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 30

 ZË¡xq
(K ¸”Q: KÉm½xZ wefvM, L ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: †mZvi-‡envjv Ges M ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: Zejvi Rb¨)
cÖ_g Aa¨vq: evsjvMv‡bi aviv (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi †jvKm½x‡Zi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †jvKm½xZ

2. wewfbœ avivi †jvKm½x‡Zi ˆewPΨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

3. †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mv‡bi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mvb : fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i Mvb
BZ¨vw`

wØZxq Aa¨vq: ev`¨hš¿ cwiwPwZ (10 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ ev`¨h‡š¿i aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  evukx, †Lvj, †`vZviv, GKZviv, mvwi›`v, †Xvj, †Lvj,
†cÖgRywo, nvi‡gvwbqvg, KiZvj Ges LgK|

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: cÖwm× m½xZÁ (10 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cÖwm× m½xZÁ‡`i Rxebx eY©bv I m½x‡Z Zvu‡`i  w؇R›`ªjvj ivq, AZzjcÖmv` †mb, iRbxKvšÍ †mb,
Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ivavigb, kvn Avãyj Kwig

PZz_© Aa¨vq: cÖwm× m½xZwkíx (10 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. m½xZ wkíx‡`i Rxebx eY©bv I m½x‡Z Zvu‡`i Ae`vb  B›`yevjv, c¼R Kzgvi gwjøK, mywPÎv wgÎ, Kv‡mg gwjøK,
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †gvgZvR Avjx Lvb Ges Ave`yj jwZd |

cÂg Aa¨vq: ev`¨h‡š¿ myi evuav (10 wcwiqW)

wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ ev`¨h‡š¿ myi evuavi aviYv jvf Ki‡Z  Zvbcyiv, Zejv, †mZvi, †`vZviv, †envjv, m‡iv`, Gm&ªvR
cvi‡e| Ges mvwi›`v|

(†h †Kv‡bv GKwU ¸”Q wbev©Pb Ki‡Z n‡e| K ¸”Q: KÉm½xZ wefvM, L ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: †mZvi-‡envjv Ges M ¸”Q: hš¿m½xZ wefvM: Zejv)
e¨envwiK: KÉm½xZ wefvM
cÖ_g Aa¨vq: evsjvMvb cwi‡ekbv (80 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi Ges wewfbœ chv©‡qi evsjvMvb cwi‡ekb  cjøxMxwZÑ nvQb ivRv, jvjb kvn&, Rmxg DÏxb, ivavigb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (cÖwZwU wefvM †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 4wU Ges kvn Avãyj Kwig
K‡i|)  bRiæjm½xZÑ aªæc`v½, MRj, Bmjvgx Mvb Ges k¨vgv
m½xZ
 iex›`ªm½xZÑ cÖK…wZ, Abyôvb, aªæc`v½ Ges fvbywms‡ni
c`vejx
 †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mvb: fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i Mvb BZ¨vw`

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 31

wØZxq Aa¨vq: ¯^iwjwc cVb, Zejv ev`b Ges h‡š¿ myi evuav (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj gy‡L eÕ‡j Ges nv‡Z Zvwj  jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj
w`‡q †`Lv‡Z Ges †VKv evRv‡Z cvi‡e|
2.
3. mswkøó h‡š¿ myi evua‡Z cvi‡e|  h‡š¿ myi evuav

4. ¯^iwjwc †`‡L m½xZ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ¯^iwjwc c×wZi cÖ‡qvM

e¨envwiK: hš¿m½xZ wefvM (†mZvi Ges †envjv)

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: jNym½xZ cwi‡ekbv (80 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi Ges wewfbœ chv©‡qi evsjvMvb cwi‡ekb  cjøxMxwZÑ nvQb ivRv, jvjb kvn&, Rmxg DÏxb, ivavigb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (cÖwZwU wefvM †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 4wU Ges kvn Avãyj Kwig
K‡i|)  bRiæjm½xZÑ aªæc`v½, MRj, Bmjvgx Mvb Ges k¨vgv
m½xZ
 iex›`ªm½xZÑ cÖK…wZ, Abyôvb, aªæc`v½ Ges fvbywms‡ni
c`vejx
 †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mvb: fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i Mvb BZ¨vw`

wØZxq Aa¨vq: ¯^iwjwc cVb, Zejv ev`b Ges h‡š¿ myi evuav (10 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
5. jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj gy‡L eÕ‡j Ges nv‡Z Zvwj  jNym½x‡Z e¨eüZ Zvj
w`‡q †`Lv‡Z Ges †VKv evRv‡Z cvi‡e|
6.
7. mswkøó h‡š¿ myi evua‡Z cvi‡e|  h‡š¿ myi evuav

8. ¯^iwjwc †`‡L m½xZ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ¯^iwjwc c×wZi cÖ‡qvM

e¨envwiK: hš¿m½xZ wefvM (Zejv)

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: jNym½x‡Z m½Z (90 wcwiqW)
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. wewfbœ avivi Ges chv©‡qi jNym½x‡Z m½Z Ki‡Z  cjøxMxwZÑ nvQb ivRv, jvjb kvn&, Rmxg DÏxb, ivavigb
cvi‡e| Ges kvn Avãyj Kwig
 bRiæjm½xZÑ aªæc`v½, MRj, Bmjvgx Mvb Ges k¨vgv
m½xZ
 iex›`ªm½xZÑ cÖK…wZ, Abyôvb, aªæc`v½ Ges fvbywms‡ni
c`vejx
 †`kvZ¡‡evaK Mvb: fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i Mvb BZ¨vw`

2. mwVK c×wZ‡Z Zejvq myi evua‡Z cvi‡e|  h‡š¿ myi evuav

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 32

 †jLK wb‡`©kbv

jNym½xZ

ZË¡xq

 ch©vq wfwËK Mvb wbev©Pb K‡i Zvi ¯^iwjwc cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 hš¿m½x‡Zi Aa¨v‡q wewfbœ h‡š¿i Qwemn h‡š¿i Ask wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 m½xZÁ‡`i Rxebx †jLvi mgq Zv‡`i Qwe w`‡Z n‡e Ges †Rô¨Zvi wfwˇZ wjL‡Z n‡e|
 gvÎv I Zvj wPýmn cÖwZwU cÖPwjZ Zv‡ji †evj Aek¨B _K‡Z n‡e|
 msÁv I wUKvi wel‡q D‡jøL bv _vK‡jI wel‡qi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK ˆewkó¨ I weeiY †jLvi †ÿ‡Î msÁv I wUKv D‡jøL
K‡i we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e |

e¨envwiK

 cÖwZwU Mv‡bi mwVK ¯^iwjwc Abyhvqx m½xZ wkÿv cÖ`vb Kiv evÃbxq|
 Amxg ˆah© mnKv‡i m½xZ wkÿv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Mv‡bi evYx, D”PviY I cÖ‡ÿc‡Yi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl `„wócvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Zvjvf¨vm Kiv‡bv ( cÖ‡qvR‡b wkÿv_©x‡K Zejv evwR‡q PP©v Kiv‡bv)|
 ¯^i mvabv I Dc¯’vcbvi cÖwZ we‡kl bRi w`‡Z n‡e|
 K¬v‡mi wba©vwiZ mgq‡K wbqwgZ mwVKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 33

 jNym½xZ wkÿvµ‡gi ˆewkó¨
1. jNym½xZ D”Pv½ m½x‡Zi †P‡q MYgyLx PwiÎ †ewk avib K‡i| Gi e¨vcKZv Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv me©e¨vcx| jNym½x‡Zi
GB ˆewk‡ó¨i K_v ¯§iY †i‡L wkÿvµg 2012 G jNym½x‡Zi eûj cÖPwjZ mKj kvLv‡K AšÍf~©³ Kivi †Póv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cwiewZ©Z †cÖÿvc‡U †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq welqe¯‘i AvIZv evov‡bv n‡q‡Q|

2. jNym½x‡Z ev`¨h‡š¿i e¨envi e¨vcK| jNym½xZ †hgb evYxcÖavb †Zgb m½ZcÖavbI e‡U| wewfbœ cÖKvi ev`¨hš¿
bvbvwea e¨env‡i jNym½xZ‡K AwaKZi mg„× Kivi e¨vcK my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GB m¤¢vebvi K_v ¯§iY †i‡L eZ©gvb
wkÿvµ‡g K‡qKwU ev`¨h‡š¿i Rb¨ ¯^Zš¿ kvLv ivLv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- †mZvi, †envjv, Zejv cÖf…wZ| cwiewZ©Z
†cÖÿvc‡U Ges fwel¨r wkÿv_x©‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v ¯§i‡Y †i‡L hš¿m½xZ As‡ki we¯Í…wZ h‡_ó evov‡bv n‡q‡Q eZ©gvb
wkÿvµ‡g| Z‡e Zv †Kvbfv‡eB wkÿv_x©‡`i Dci evowZ Pvc n‡e bv|

3. e‡iY¨ m½xZ wkíx I m½xZÁ‡`i Rxeb I Kg© m½xZ wel‡qi wkÿvµ‡gi GK Acwinvh© Aa¨vq| jNym½x‡Zi eZ©gvb
wkÿvµgI Zvi e¨wZµg bq| hy‡Mi Pvwn`v, cwiewZ©Z †cÖwÿZ I ev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K m½xZ wkíx I m½xZÁ‡`i
Rxebx ms‡hvR‡b cwieZ©b Avbvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ m½xZ wkíx I m½xZÁ‡`i cvkvcvwk
RvZxq †ÿ‡Î cÖwZwôZ wkíx‡`i we‡kl cÖvavb¨ †`evi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb wkÿv_x©iv Zv‡`i AbyKiYxq Av`k© Lyu‡R
†c‡Z cv‡i| wØZxqZ, Rxebxi mv‡_ m½xZKvi‡`i Qwe/cÖwZQwe ms‡hvR‡bi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q hv eZ©gvb wkÿvµ‡gi
GK beZi ms‡hvRb|

4. m½xZ GKwU e¨envwiK cÖavb welq| ïaygvÎ cvV¨ welq wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv bv K‡i wkÿv_x©iv †hb e¨envwiK Rxe‡b
RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi AsM wn‡m‡e m½xZ‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †mw`‡K `„wó w`‡q jNym½xZ wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
m½x‡Zi †gŠwjK welq¸‡jv cÖ_g †_‡KB GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb †h †Kv‡bv wefvM †_‡K
wkÿv_x©iv G‡m m½xZ wefv‡M Aa¨qb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †m‡ÿ‡Î Zviv †hb †Kvb we‡kl Amyweav‡eva bv K‡i| eZ©gvb
wkÿvµ‡gi GB ˆewkó¨ m½xZ wkÿv‡K Db¥y³ †i‡L m½xZ PP©v‡K cÖmvwiZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î e¨vcK f~wgKv ivL‡e e‡j
aviYv Kiv hvq|

5. jNym½x‡Zi cvVµg cÖYq‡bi mgq GB welqwU ¯§iY ivLv n‡q‡Q †h m½xZ ïaygvÎ GKwU cvV¨ welq Ges we‡bv`‡bi
welq bq| fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i wkÿv_x©iv hv‡Z m½xZ PP©v‡K †ckv wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m R‡b¨ m½xZ PP©vi mv‡_
ZvwË¡K w`KwU‡KI ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| djZ: wkÿv_x©iv m½xZ wkíx bv n‡qI mgv‡jvPK, MxwZKvi, myiKvi BZ¨vw`
wn‡m‡eI wb‡R‡`i cÖwZwôZ Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e| AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e m½xZ‡K MÖnY Kivi my‡hvM m„wó‡K
eZ©gvb wkÿvµ‡g cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q|

jNym½xZ GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY c„ôv 34

†jLK‡`i Rb¨ mvaviY wb‡`©kbv

welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb (Content Presentation)

1. cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi mgq welqe¯‘ mnR, †evaMg¨ I PwjZ fvlvq †kÖwY Dc‡hvMx K‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU Aa¨vq
I welqe¯‘i mv‡_ wcwiqW msL¨v wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| †m Abyhvqx `¶ZvwfwËK wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K welqe¯‘‡K
Ggbfv‡e myweb¨¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wcwiqW †gvZv‡eK Zv m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|
2. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i fvlv cÖvÄj Ges mnR‡eva¨ n‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †kÖwY-Dc‡hvwMKi‡Yi wePvi‡ev‡a m‡PZb
n‡Z n‡e|
3. cvV¨cy¯ÍK Aa¨vqwfwËK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| (cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡q cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K wk¶v_©xi Kg©cÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Kg©cÎ n‡Z n‡e wkLbdj cwic~iY K‡i Ggb KvR hv †kÖwY‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|)
4. cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †jLvi mgq wkLb †ÿ‡Îi (eyw×e„wËq- Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, I D”PZi `ÿZv; Av‡eMxq I
g‡bv‡cwkR †¶Î) cÖwZdjb welqe¯‘ig‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© †jLKMY‡K me©`v m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
5. †jLvi aib Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z welqe¯‘ Abyave‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q wk¶v_x© gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, ivóªxq Av`k© I
mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z aviYv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g gvbweK I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva m¤úbœ fwel¨Z bvMwiK wn‡m‡e
M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i|
6. RvwZ, ag©, †MvÎ, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l KviI Abyf~wZ‡Z AvNvZ jvM‡Z cv‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv kã ev evK¨ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e
bv|
7. `¶ZvwfwËK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe¯‘ eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wk¶v_©xi m„RbkxjZvi weKvk m¤¢e nq| †bvU
wKsev MvBW eB‡qi ÷vB‡j c‡q›U wfwËK (KviY, cÖfve, cÖwZKvi ,f~wgKv,cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖf…wZ)welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb
Kiv hv‡e bv|
8. cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †k‡l Abykxjbx‡Z Kgc‡¶ 1wU m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Ges Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv ¯Íi
c~iY K‡i Ggb wZb ai‡bi eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. †RÐvi mgZv iÿv K‡i cvV¨e¯‘ (Text Material) iwPZ n‡e|
10. wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm †_‡K nvj bvMv` Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn K‡i mswkøó cv‡V ms‡hvwRZ n‡e|
11. ZË¡, wewa, m~Î, wbqg-c×wZ Dc¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi NUbv D‡jøL K‡i wKsev Rxeb Nwbô D`vni‡Yi
mvnv‡h¨ wjL‡Z n‡e|

evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)

12. evsjv GKv‡Wgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
13. fvlv n‡Z n‡e mnR, cÖvÄj I †kªwY Dc‡hvMx|

Aa¨vq wb‡`©kbv (Chapter Instruction)

14. Aa¨vqmg~‡ni wfbœ wfbœ wk‡ivbvg i‡q‡Q| †jLKMY Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges
Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg, aviYvmg~‡ni Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
15. m~wPc‡Î Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z cÖwZwU welq (hv wk¶vµ‡g DwjøwLZ) c„ôv b¤^imn D‡jøL Ki‡eb|

cvV¨cy¯ÍK Dc¯’vcb (Text Book Presentation)

16. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Kfvi c„ôv mswkøó wel‡qi fveavivi Avw½‡K AvKl©Yxq cª”Q` e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
17. Aa¨vq b¤^i 14, Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg 24, †nW wk‡ivbvg 16, mve‡nW wk‡ivbvg 14, welqe¯‘ d›U mvBR 13 web¨v‡m
A¶i mvBR Ges jvBb †¯úm 1.2 AbymiY K‡i cÖwZwU Aa¨vq Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
18. Aa¨v‡qi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mswkøó Qwe/wPÎ/mviwY/gvbwPÎ BZ¨vw` cÖvmw½K, AvKl©Yxq I ¯úó n‡Z n‡e|
19. cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi 100 b¤^‡ii c‡Îi Rb¨ c„ôv msL¨v 230-240 (Kg-†ewk) Gi g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e|