COULOSCOPE® CMS and COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP.

Simultaneous Measurement of Coating Thickness and

Electrochemical Potentials according to the Coulometric Method.

Coating Thickness Material Analysis Microhardness Material Testing

 COULOSCOPE® Test Instruments.

The COULOSCOPE® instrument series operates accord- COULOSCOPE® CMS

ing to the coulometric method by deplating according It is the ideal instrument for measuring the thickness
to EN ISO 2177 and impresses with its unique design of virtually any metallic coating on metallic or non-
and capabilities. The appealing design, the big LCD metallic substrates, especially also of multiple coat-
display and the clearly arranged keyboard – these ings, if non-destructive methods cannot or need not to
are the prominent external features of the COULO- be used.
SCOPE® series. Just as important, however, is their
simple operation, based on the menu-driven opera- COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP
tor prompting. This allows for problem-free and quick In addition to the coating thickness measurement cor-
setting of the instruments to new measurement appli- responding to the COULOSCOPE® CMS, the COULO-
cations. Approx. 100 predefined applications, from SCOPE® CMS STEP provides functions for the STEP
single coatings like such as zinc on steel up to triple test measurement according to ASTM B764 - 94 and
coatings like chromium on nickel on copper on plastic DIN 50022. The COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP is ide-
are at your disposal. ally suited to measure in a simple standard-conform-
ing manner the individual coating thicknesses and the
potential differences of multiple nickel coatings.

Example for a measurement system with COULOSCOPE® CMS instrument and measurement stand V24

2 COULOSCOPE® CMS and COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP

 Coulometric Coating Thickness Measurement (EN ISO 2177).

Measurement principle Applications

The instrument series utilizes the coulometric method The coulometric method is one of the simplest meth-
according to EN ISO 2177. The metallic coating is ods for coating thickness measurement. It is suited for
removed from its metallic or non-metallic substrate by both production monitoring in the electroplating indus-
the passage of electric current under controlled condi- try and incoming inspection on finished parts. With a
tions – in fact, the reverse of the electroplating proc- relatively small investment, many coatings that occur
ess. The electric current applied is directly proportion- in typical applications can be measured. Aside from
al to the metal mass to be deplated. The result is a the X-ray fluorescence method, the coulometric meth-
clear correlation between deplating time and coating od is the only other method for fast coating thickness
thickness, provided the deplating current and the measurement for multi-coating systems such as Cr/
deplating area remain constant. Ni/Cu on steel or plastic substrates (ABS). Of course,
single and dual coatings, such as zinc on steel or tin
eÄ . I .  . t on nickel on silver can be measured with the COULO-
th =
A. SCOPE® series without problems as well.
th: coating thickness
eÄ: electrochemical equivalency [g/As]
The COULOSCOPE® instrument series guarantee
I: deplating current [A]
: electrolytic efficiency accurate measurements of metallic coatings in the
t: deplating time [s]
A: deplating area [cm2]
range of 0.05 – 40 μm (0.002 – 1.6 mils).
: density of the deplating coating material [g/cm3]

A measuring cell – comparable to an electrolytic mini-

ature bath – is used to deplate the coating. The meas-
urement area is defined by a plastic gasket placed
on the cell. The electrolytes used for the electrolysis
are formulated for the various coating materials so
that deplating occurs only when an electric current
is applied. The deplating process is controlled by the
electronics of the COULOSCOPE® instrument. A pump
moves liquid electrolyte in the measuring cell allowing
fresh electrolyte to be present at the deplating area.

Schematic presentation of the coulometric method

Start of deplating the coating Coating deplating in process End of deplating

Voltage U

Voltage U

Voltage U

Time t Time t Time t

I

Measuring cell

U
Plastic gasket
Coating material

Substrate material

3
 STEP-Test Measurement (ASTM B764 – 94 and DIN 50022).

ing to the coulometric method as described on page

3. The potential profile is captured using a silver ref-
erence electrode coated with AgCl. The potential pro-
file is shown on the display and the individual coating
thicknesses and the potential differences can be deter-
mned through respective cursor positioning on the
plot.

To obtain comparable measurements with the poten-

tial measurement method, the reference electrode
must always have the same distance from the speci-
men. This is accomplished using a special measure-
ment cell*. The silver reference electrode is designed
Presentation of a potential profile on the display as a cone-shaped ring electrode and forms the lower
housing component of the measurement cell, where
Measurement principle only the necessary measurement cell gasket is placed.
STEP-Test (Simultaneous Thickness and Electrochemi- This design of the measurement cell ensures a consist-
cal Potential determination) is a measurement method ently uniform distance between the reference elec-
that has been standardized for a long time to deter- trode and the specimen.
mine simultaneously individual coating thicknesses
and the electrochemical potential differences between * Property rights applied for
individual coatings of a nickel coating system. The
coating thickness measurement is carried out accord-

Schematic presentation of the STEP test method shown with the example of duplex nickel coatings

Start of deplating Deplating of the bright Deplating of the semi-bright End of coating
the coating Ni coating Ni coating deplating

Upot Upot Upot Upot

U > 120 mV

t t t t

I STEP meas. cell

Ag cone
U (potential
meas.)

Upot
plastic
gasket

Bright nickel coating Semi-bright nickel coating Substrate material

4 COULOSCOPE® CMS and COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP

Applications Cr: Micro-porous (0.3 – 0.4 μm) or
micro-fissured (about 0.8 μm)
Quality control of multiple nickel coatings requires
Ni: Micro-porous, micro-fissured
measurement devices that can check the thickness (2 – 3 μm)
and the electrochemical potential immediately follow-
Ni: Bright nickel (15 to 20 μm)
ing the coating procedure. The COULOSCOPE® CMS
STEP measuring system, which due to its simple oper-
Ni: High sulfurous (rare)
ation and uncomplicated handling of the reference
electrode is suitable for applications in the harsh envi-
ronment of electroplating plants, has been developed Ni: Semi-bright nickel (20 to 25 μm)

for this purpose. Electrolytic nickel-plating is used for

decorative corrosion protection and for improving
mechanical surface properties, e.g., hardness. In par-
Cu: Acidic (25 to 30 μm)
ticular in the automotive industry, nickel-plated com-
ponents must meet high demands with regard to Cu: Cyanidic (about 3 μm)
corrosion behavior. Single nickel coatings are not Conversion coating with Al, NiP only a few
suited for this purpose. Very complex coating systems tens of nm; with synthetics 1 – 2 μm

are, therefore, being developed, which consist of two, Substrate material: Fe, Al, ABS
three or even four different nickel coatings as well as
additional coatings of chromium or copper. Basic structure of a coating system with 4 nickel coatings

Evaluation and data storage using STEP-View

The PC software program STEP-View is available to
save and conveniently evaluate the measured poten-
tial plots. It is shipped as part of the standard equip-
ment of the COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP. However,
evaluations can be carried out also directly at the
instrument.

In the STEP-View program, the measured potential pro-

file can be read from the instrument with a click of the
mouse button. The determination of the coating thick-
nesses and of the potential differences occurs in two
separate diagrams. The interesting values can be
determined easily by positioning up to 5 markers at
the relevant sections of the plot. The data can be
exported to an Excel spreadsheet, the plots can be
saved in popular graphic formats and extensive print-
form templates can be set up.

Micro-porous Nickel
Semi-bright nickel

Bright nickel Highly sulfurous nickel

STEP measuring cell V24/V26 STEP measuring stand V24

5
 Features, System Overview.

General features System overview

• Large size display of measurement values To build a functioning measurement system, the COU-
• Simple choice of deplating rate and test area size LOSCOPE® CMS or COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP re–
• Available test area sizes: ø 3.2 (128), 2.2 (88) quires a measurement stand with attached measuring
and 1.5 (60) mm (mils). 0.6 mm (24 mils) addition- cell (STEP measuring cell).
al for stand V18
• Deplating rate adjustable between 0.1 and Different measurement stand models including meas-
50 μm/min urement cells are available for the various measure-
• Stand V18: controlled filling and emptying of the ment applications.
cell by means of a pump. Multiple measurements
with one cell filling and warning when the electro-
lyte becomes saturated
• Graphical display of the cell voltage on the LCD
screen
• Zoom function to magnify interesting plot sections
• Interfaces for PC and printer connection
• Output for analog chart recorder for the cell volt-
age
• Selectable measurement units: μm or mils
• Selectable languages: German, English, French, COULOSCOPE® CMS
Example of a measurement screen for a triple coating measurement
Italian, Spanish application. The left half of the display features the measurement
• Storage of all application parameters when switch- application in a graphical format with information regarding coating
and substrate material, required electrolyte and color code of the
ing off the instrument plastic cell gasket to be used

Special features of version COULOSCOPE® CMS

• Evaluation of measurement data in table or graphic
format
• Storage measurement data when switching off the
instrument
• Automatic or manual measurement switch-off

Special features of version COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP

• Adjustable deplating amperage
• Determination of the coating thicknesses and poten-
tial differences using the cursor
• Automatic measurement sequence for conditioning COULOSCOPE® CMS: Example of a user specific printform
the silver reference electrode (generation of the
required AgCl coating)
• Manual measurement switch-off

6 COULOSCOPE® CMS and COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP

 V18 V24 V26 V27

PC Printer
to evaluate and store data to document the meas-
and to create custom print- urement results.
form templates.

7
 Measurement Applications.

Standard features of the COULOSCOPE® instruments: density or alloy composition of the coating material.
• 73 stored standard measurement applications for For STEP-Test measurements a factor can be entered.
most metal coatings
• 14 stored standard measurement applications for Applications
coating thickness measurements on wires Applications are areas of memories where measure-
• 2 stored standard measurement applications for ment application specific parameters (such as stand-
STEP-Test measurements (only for instrument model ard or special measurement application, calibration
CMS STEP). factor, unit of measurement, etc.) and the measure-
If a standard measurement application is not availa- ment data are stored. Applications can be copied,
ble for your particular material combination, a spe- edited and deleted.
cial measurement application can be defined that is
specifically adapted to your particular situation. Standard measurement applications and electrolytes
A total of 89 standard measurement applications are
Calibration available for various applications. The following table
During calibration, a correction factor (calibration lists a selection of possible measurement applications.
factor) is determined. This correction factor may be For multi-coating systems, the respective coating
required due to production tolerances in the cell gas- underneath the coating to be measured is considered
ket diameter, and to variations in coating material the substrate material.
Smallest measurable coating thickness in μm (μ")
Largest
0.015 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.3 0.7 1.5 3 7 measurable
Coating (0.6) (1.2) (2.8) (6) (12) (28) (60) (120) (280)
Substrate materials coating
materials
Deplating rate [μm/min] thickness
μm [mils]
0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 10.0 20.0 50.0
Fe, Ni, Al, non-metals F4 F4 F4 F4 F4
F8 F8 F8 50 (2)
Ag Cu
F18 F18 F18
Cu, Ms F17 F17 5 (0.2)
Fe, Ni, Al, non-metals F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
Cr 50 (2)
Cu, Ms F9 F9 F9 F9 F9 F9 F9 F9
Fe, Ni, Al, non-metals F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 50 (2)
Cu
Ms, Zn, Zn die casting F5 F5 10 (0.4)
Ms Fe F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 50 (2)
Ni Fe, Al, Cu, Ms, non-metals F6 F6 F6 F6
Ni-Fe Fe, Cu, Ms, Zn, Sn F6 F6 F6 50 (2)
Ni electroless Fe, Al F7 F7 F7
Pb Fe, Cu F4 50 (2)
Al F1 F1 F1 F1 F1
Sn F9 F9 F9 50 (2)
Fe, Ni, Cu, Ms, non-metals
F12 F12 F12
Sn60Pb40 Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Ms, non-metals F4 F4 F4 F4 F4 50 (2)
Cu, Ms F10 F10 F10 F10
Zn 50 (2)
Fe, Ni, Al F11 F11 F11 F11
Wire measurement overview table
Ag Cu wire F8 4 (0.16)
Cu Fe-, Ni wire F4 F4 F4 2 (0.08)
Ms Fe wire F4 2 (0.08)
Ni Fe wire F6 F6 10 (0.4)
Sn Cu wire F12 F12 10 (0.4)
Sn60Pb40 Cu wire F4 F4 F4 F4 20 (0.8)
Zn Fe wire F11 10 (0.4)
STEP-Test measurement overview table
Multiple nickel coating system as shown in the figure on page 5 F22 F22 40 (1.6) coating
F... : Electrolyte type suitable for deplating the coating

8 COULOSCOPE® CMS and COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP

 Technical Data.

Instrument Measurement stand connector:

Supply voltage: 25-pin MinD socket, connector to measurement
230 or 115 V AC +10 %, -15 %; stand (V18, V24, V26 and V27)
50 ... 60 Hz; depending on model Analog outputs:
Power consumption: 2 banana jacks, maximum voltage range
Max. 85 VA (230 V +10 %) 0 ... -18 V, recorder input impedance > 2 k
Dimensions: RS232:
350 mm x 140 mm x 200 mm (H x W x D) 9-pin MinD socket, data format is selectable
13 3/4" x 5 1/2" x 8" Printer port:
Mass: 25-pin MinD socket, CENTRONICS parallel port
6 kg / 13 lbs Auxiliary silver electrode connector
Operating temperature: (only CMS STEP): 1 banana jack
+10° ... +40°C / +50° ... +104°F
Display: STEP-View hardware requirements
LCD-graphics display, 126 mm x 70 mm Operating system:
5" x 2 3/4" Windows® 95 to XP
Measurement methods: Processor:
Coulometric method according to EN ISO 500 MHz minimum
2177 and ASTM B504 Random access memory:
STEP-Test-method according to ASTM B764 – 94 128 kB minimum
and DIN 50022 CD-ROM drive
Available memory: Mouse (bus or serial)
Max. 3000 measurements in 600 blocks can be PC keyboard
distributed over a maximum of 50 applications 1 free serial port (Com1 ... 4)
(memories) Monitor with a minimum resolution of
Evaluation (not CMS STEP): 800 x 600 pixel
Statistical: mean value, standard deviation, coef-
ficient of variation, range, lowest and highest
measurement
Graphical evaluation: histogram (30 measure-
ments minimum), normal probability chart, SPC
control chart with control limits, specification
limits, process capability indices, expected
value ŝ of the standard deviation () and stand-
ard deviation of the blocks sa

9
 Optional Accessories.

An extensive selection of accessories for measuring,

for storing the instruments and for the positioning of
test specimens is available.

Vice for clamping test specimen; also suitable for mounting on the
support plate of measurement stand V18 and V24

Measurement stand V18 with an assortment of specimen support

arms, ball jointed specimen support with freely movable
support plate. A measuring cell support stand, also capable of
holding three 100 ml laboratory bottles, is available

Measurement stands

V18 V24 V26 V27

500 ... 700 x
Dimensions 320 x 545 330 x 220 x 270 270 x 170 x 260 260 x 150 x 160
(H x W x D) [mm (inch)] (20 ... 28 x (13.2 x 8.8 x 10.8) (10.8 x 6.8 x 10.4) (10.4 x 6 x 6.4)
12.8 x 21.8)
Mass [kg (lbs)] 17 (17.5) 6.6 (14.6) 5.6 (12.3) 1.2 (2.6)
Operating temperature +10º ... +40º C (+ 50º ... + 104ºF)

Largest height of the

210 (8.4) 80 (3.2) 130 (5.2) –
specimen [mm (inch)]

0,1 ... 4
Wire diameter [mm (inch)] – – –
(4 ... 160)

Maximum wire immersion

– – – 40 (1.6)
depth [mm (inch)]

Measurement area defination by plastic gaskets

Measurement area
with different hole diameters

Nominal diameter of the for V18 only applies for V18, V24, V26
plastic gasket [mm (inch)] 0.6 (24) 3.2 (128) 2.2 (88) 1.5 (60)
–
Gasket color code red blue green yellow

Minimal curvature radius

where measurements are 1 (40) 15 (600) 5 (200) 2 (80)
possible [mm (inch)]

10 COULOSCOPE® CMS and COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP

 Order information.

Description Part no.

COULOSCOPE® CMS, standard content of shipment: meas. instrument, replacement fuses, protective cover, power cord 602-748
(2 m, (6’ 8”)), Operator’s Manual.
COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP, standard content of shipment: measuring instrument, replacement fuses, protective cover, power cord 603-540
(2 m, (6' 8")), operator's manual, RS232 interface cable CMS STEP – PC (2 m, (6' 8")), measuring cell STEP, connecting cable
CMS STEP – measuring cell STEP (0.8 m (2' 6")), conditioning plate STEP, software program STEP-View for data storage and evalu-
ation, storage container for the STEP measuring cell.
Measurement stand V18, standard content of shipment: measurement stand, support arm with swiveling support plate, accessory 600-781
case with special eraser, replacement electrode, round brush, plastic cell gaskets 3.2 mm (128 mils), 2.2 mm (88 mils) and 1.5 mm
(60 mils), measuring cell replacement gaskets, circular level, grounding cable and centering device, measuring cell type 15/32, 3
plastic bottles of 1 l and 3 electrolyte bottles of 100 ml each, connecting cable V18 - instrument (2 m, (6’ 8”)).
Measurement stand V24, standard content of shipment: measurement stand, accessory case with special eraser, replacement elec- 600-782
trode, wire brush, plastic gaskets 3.2 mm (128 mils), 2.2 mm (88 mils) and 1.5 mm (60 mils), blind gaskets, circular level, ground
cable, measuring cell and 3 mm right angle hex key, transfer pipette, burette, 3 plastic bottles of 100 ml, 1 wash bottle and 1 plas-
tic beaker, protective cover, cable V24 - instrument (2 m, (6’ 8”)).
Measurement stand V26, standard content of shipment: measurement stand, accessory case with special eraser, replacement elec- 600-783
trode, wire brush, plastic gaskets 3.2 mm (128 mils), 2.2 mm (88 mils) and 1.5 mm (60 mils), blind gaskets, circular level, ground
cable, measuring cell and 3 mm right angle hex key, transfer pipette, burette, 3 plastic bottles of 100 ml, 1 wash bottle and 1 plas-
tic beaker, protective cover, cable V26 - instrument (2 m, (6’ 8”)).
Measurement stand V27, standard content of shipment: measurement stand, stainless steel beaker, lid for beaker, accessory case 600-784
with stirrer bar, special eraser, connecting cable V27 - instrument (2 m, (6’ 8”))

Optional accessories
Description Part no. Description Part no.
Cable V24/14 + V26/16-CMS (2 m, (6’ 8”)) 602-829 Measurement stand V18
Cable V17-CMS 230 V (2 m, (6’ 8”)) 602-861 Measuring cell storage bracket 602-843
RS232 interface cable (2 m, (6’ 8”)) 602-220 Measuring cell type 06 602-837
Vice with mounting bolts 600-800 Plastic gasket Ø 0.6 mm 600-801
Chromate activator 602-838 Measuring cell type 15/32 602-833
Cable V27-S8/S9 604-165 Support arm for bearing shells 602-839
Special for COULOSCOPE® CMS STEP Support arm for magnetic holder 602-841
Measuring cell STEP V24/V26 603-546 Ball-jointed specimen support 602-840
Measuring cell STEP V18 603-545 Measurement stand V24/V26
Conditioning plate STEP 603-610 Bottle holder 600-802
Connecting cable CMS STEP – measuring cell STEP 603-549 Magnetic holder 600-854
Special measuring cell with integrated electrode 600-790

Coating Substrate Electrolyte (VE 1l) Part no. Calibration standard Part no.
Cr Fe, Ni, Al, non-metals F1 600-820 Cr/Fe 600-836
Sn Al F1 600-820 Sn/Al 600-846
Ag Fe, Ni, Al, non-metals F4 600-822 Ag/Fe 600-847
brass Fe F4 600-822 On request
Cu Fe, Ni, Al, non-metals F4 600-822 Cu/Fe 600-838
Sn60Pb40 Fe, Ni, Cu, Ms, non-metals F4 600-822 Sn60Pb40/Fe 600-848
Pb Fe, Cu F4 600-822 Pb/Fe 600-849
Cu Ms, Zn, Zn die casting F5 600-827 Cu/Ms 600-843
Ni Fe, Al, Cu, Ms, non-metals F6 600-823 Ni/Cu 600-839
Ni-Fe Fe, Cu, Ms, Zn, Sn F6 600-823 On request
Ni electroless Fe, Al F7 600-828 On request
Ag Cu F8 600-824 Ag/Cu 600-840
Cr Cu, Ms F9 600-825 Cr/Ms 600-845
Sn Fe, Ni, Cu, Ms, non-metals F9 600-825 Sn/Ni 600-841
Zn Cu, Ms F10 600-826 Zn/Ms 600-842
Zn Fe, Ni, Al F11 600-829 Zn/Fe 600-844
Sn Fe, Ni, Cu, Ms, non-metals F12 600-830 Sn/Ni 600-841
Ag Cu, Ms F17 600-833 Ag/Cu 600-840
Ag Cu F18 600-834 Ag/Cu 600-850
Multiple Ni coat. system as shown in fig. on page 5 F22 603-547 STEP/Cu 603-548

11
 Active Around the World.

Helmut Fischer GmbH Institut für Elektronik und Helmut Fischer has 13 subsidiary companies and 32
Messtechnik in Sindelfingen/Germany is an innova- marketing agencies strategically located around the
tive leader in the field of coating thickness measure- globe.
ment, material analysis, microhardness testing, elec-
trical conductivity- and ferrite content measurement The high quality standard of Fischer instruments is
as well as for density and porosity testing. The com- the result of our efforts to provide the very best instru-
pany is able to recommend the best solution for any mentation to our customers. Fischer is a reliable and
application. A comprehensive range of products is competent partner, offering expert advice, extensive
offered using X-ray fluorescence; Beta-backscatter; service, and training seminars. Today, Fischer instru-
Magnetic; Magnetic induction; Electric resistance; ments are used successfully in all technological fields
Eddy current and Coulometric techniques. of industry and research.

The information in this brochure contains only general

descriptions and performance features that do not
always apply as written, or that may be changed due
to continuous development of the products. The
desired performance features are binding only if they
are expressly agreed upon in the contract.

COULOSCOPE®, FISCHERSCOPE® and MMS® are

registered trademarks of Helmut Fischer GmbH Institut
für Elektronik und Messtechnik, Sindelfingen/Germany.

FISCHERSCOPE® X-RAY XDAL® for coating thickness FISCHERSCOPE® MMS® PC, universal measuring
measurement and quantitative material analysis system for magnetic, magnetic inductive, Eddy current
and Beta backscatter method coating thickness
measurement and general test procedures of materials

Helmut Fischer GmbH Institut für Elektronik und Messtechnik, 71069 Sindelfingen, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 70 31 / 3 03 - 0, mail@helmut-fischer.de
Fischer Instrumentation (G.B.) Ltd., Lymington/Hampshire SO41 8JD, England, Tel. +44 (0) 15 90 68 41 00, mail@fischergb.co.uk
Fischer Technology, Inc., Windsor, CT 06095, USA, Tel. +1 86 06 83 - 07 81, info@fischer-technology.com

Sole Agent for Helmut Fischer GmbH Institut für Elektronik und Messtechnik, Germany:
Helmut Fischer AG, CH-6331 Hünenberg, Switzerland, Tel. +41 (0) 41 785 08 00, switzerland@helmutfischer.com
Branch Offices of Helmut Fischer AG, Switzerland:
Fischer Instrumentation Electronique, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France, Tel. +33 1 30 58 00 58, france@helmutfischer.com
Helmut Fischer S.R.L., Tecnica di Misura, 20128 Milano, Italy, Tel. +39 0 22 55 26 26, italy@helmutfischer.com
07/08

Fischer Instruments, S.A., 08018 Barcelona, Spain, Tel. +34 9 33 09 79 16, spain@helmutfischer.com
Helmut Fischer Meettechniek B.V., 5627 GB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Tel. +31 4 02 48 22 55, netherlands@helmutfischer.com
Fischer Instruments K.K., Saitama-ken 340-0012, Japan, Tel. +81 4 89 29 34 55, japan@helmutfischer.com
Fischer Instrumentation (Far East) Ltd., Kwai Chung, N.T., Hong Kong, Tel. +852 24 20 11 00, hongkong@helmutfischer.com
942-008

Fischer Instrumentation (S) Pte Ltd., Singapore 118529, Singapore, Tel. +65 62 76 67 76, singapore@helmutfischer.com
Nantong Fischer Instrumentation Ltd., Shanghai 200437, P.R.C., China, Tel. +86 21 65 55 74 55, china@helmutfischer.com
Fischer Measurement Technologies (India) Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411036, India, Tel. + 91 20 26 82 20 65, india@helmutfischer.com

www.helmut-fischer.com

Coating Thickness Material Analysis Microhardness Material Testing