Tropical Design/ Green Architecture

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Overall weather in an area over a long

Climate
period of time.
The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a
Weather
particular time and place.
A warm air mass that forms in the tropics
and has low air pressure.
Tropical

Extremely dry.

A region is _______ when it is character-

ized by a severe lack of available water,
to the extent of hindering or preventing
the growth and development of plant and
Arid animal life. Environments subject to this
climates tend to lack vegetation and are
called xeric or desertic.

Large-scale patterns in climate; the cli-

Macroclimate
mate of an entire region.
The climate of an area ranging in size
Mesoclimate from a few acres to several square kilo-
meters.
Climate within a small area that differs
Microclimate significantly from the climate of the sur-
rounding area.

A severe storm with high winds that spiral

Tropical Cyclone
around a calm center.

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A tropical cyclone that occurs in the west-

Typoon
ern Pacific region and Indian Ocean.
A seasonal wind pattern that causes wet
and dry seasons.
Monsoons

- Southwest Monsoon
- May to October
Habagat
- Brings the rainy season to the western
portion of the country.
- Northeast monsoon
Amihan -Affects the eastern portion of the coun-
try from October up to late March
Summer or Southwest Monsoon Habagat
Winter or Northeast Monsoon Amihan
The effect of distance from the moderat-
Continentality
ing influence of the sea on climate.
-Energy from the sun.

- Daylight when the sun is above the

horizon.
Solar Radiation

The pressure caused by the weight of the

Atmospheric Pressure
atmosphere or air.

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An instrument that measures atmos-

pheric pressure.

Barometer

Air Temperature A measure of how hot or cold the air is.

The temperature of air measured by a
thermometer freely exposed to the air.

Refers basically to the ambient air tem-

Dry Bulb Temperature perature.

Air temperature is is indicated by a ther-

mometer not affected in the moisture in
the air.
The lowest temperature that can be ob-
tained by evaporating water into the air.
Wet Bulb Temperature
It is indicated by a moistened thermome-
ter bulb exposed to air flow.
the temperature at which the water vapor
Dew Point Temperature in the air becomes saturated and con-
densation begins.
The temperature of the outside air in
contact with a shaded wall or roof which
would give the same rate of heat transfer
Sol-Air Temperature
and the same temperature gradient as
the combined effect of solar radiation and
air temperature.
How the temp changes throughout the
day. Changes based on humidity, cloudy
Diurnal Temperature
skies, and clear skies.

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Difference between day & night temper-
ature.
The mass of water vapor contained in a
Absolute Humidity
certain volume of air.
Specific Humidity Actual amount of moisture in the air.
The pressure exerted by a vapor over a
Vapor Pressure
liquid.
The amount of water vapor in the air at
any given time is usually less than that
Relative Humidity
required to saturate the air. Expressed as
a percentage.
An instrument for measuring the humidi-
ty of the air or a gas.

Hygrometer

Expressed as Absolute Humidity/ Satu-

Relative Humidity
ration Point x 100.
Any form of water that falls from clouds
Precipitation
and reaches Earth's surface.
The horizontal movement of air from an
Wind area of high pressure to an area of lower
pressure.
The space over the Earth where the sun,
Sky
moon, stars, and clouds appear.

The effect of Earth's rotation on the di-

rection of winds and currents.
Coriolis Effect
Causes moving air and water to turn
left in the southern hemisphere and turn

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right in the northern hemisphere due to
Earth's rotation.
-Change in the statistical properties of
the climate system when considered
over periods of decades
Climate Change
-A change in global or regional climate
patterns.
a gradual increase in the overall temper-
ature of the earth's atmosphere gener-
ally attributed to the greenhouse effect
caused by increased levels of carbon
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other
Global Warming pollutants.

Natural situation in which heat is retained

in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide,
methane, water vapor, and other gases.

Greenhouse Effect

Green House Gas Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat.

Protective layer in atmosphere that
shields earth from UV radiation.

Ozone Layer

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The ability of a chemical to destroy
Ozone Depletion Potential
ozone.
The relative ability of one molecule of
Global Warming Potential a given greenhouse gas to contribute to
warming.
Basic passive cooling techniques for
Tropical Design
buildings in tropical climates.
Average mean temperature in the tropi-
20 - 30 deg. celcius
cal region.
2 m/s Average Wind Flow in the tropical region.
The seasonal and hourly positional
changes of the sun as the earth rotates
and orbits.
Sun Path

A horizontal angle measured clockwise

from north or south.

An angular measurement in spherical

coordinate system
Azimuth

The angular elevation of a celestial body

above the horizon.
Altitude

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The point of culmination; peak

Zenith

A circular projection of the sky vault, sim-

ilar to a map, that can be used to de-
termine solar positions and to calculate
shading.

A graphic depiction of the path of the sun

within the sky vault projected onto the
horizontal plane.
Sun Path Diagram https://new-learn.info/pack-
ages/clear/thermal/climate/sun/sun-
path_diagrams.html

The two days of the year on which neither

hemisphere is tilted toward or away from
the sun.
Equinox

Day with the most hours of sunlight

Summer Solstice and the fewest hours of darkness. It the
longer hour of the year.

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When the sun is at its southernmost
Winter Solstice
point. Shortest day of the year.
Identify A. The direct transfer of heat from
one substance to another substance that
it is touching.
Conduction

Identify B. The transfer of heat by the

movement of a fluid.
Convection

Identify C. The transfer of energy as elec-

tromagnetic waves.
Radiation

Buildings that are designed specifically

for the structure's climate zone.

A type of design wherein the key ele-

Bioclimatic Design ments are passive systems, integrated in
the buildings aiming to take advantage of
environmental resources (e.g. sun, wind,
vegetation, water, land, sky) for HEAT-
ING, COOLING and LIGHTING.
Refers to the design of buildings and
spaces (interior-exterior-outdoor) based
on local climate, aimed at providing ther-
Bioclimatic Architecture
mal and visual comfort, making use of
solar energy and other environmental
sources.
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A design strategy that uses natural cli-

matic conditions to heat, cool, or light a
building.
Passive Design
A design wherein the structure operate
without any mechanical parts or addi-
tional power supply and warm and cool
buildings naturally
A type of cooling process which does
not use a fan or other type of forced-air
cooling.
Passive Cooling
A cooling system using a building's de-
sign & construction to maintain a com-
fortable temperature within the building.
Hedges and Shrubs should not exceed
3 meters
_______ meter.
_______ is all of the animal life present
in a particular region or time.
Fauna

The corresponding term for plants.

Foliage

The BEST location for the service area is

at the ______ and ______ of the building
East and West
because these sides are exposed to di-
rect sunlight.

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Is a system of building consisting of two

skins, or facades, placed in such a way
that air flows in the intermediate cavity.
The ventilation of the cavity can be nat-
Double-Layered Facade ural, fan supported or mechanical.

It is used to minimize the amount of ul-

traviolet and infrared light that can pass
through glass without compromising the
amount of visible light that is transmitted.
Low Emessivity Glass or Low E-Glass

Fiberglass
Mineral Wool
Cellulose 5 Types of common thermal insulation.
Polyurethane Foam
Polystyrene (EPS)
It is an excellent non-flammable insula-
tion material, with R-values ranging from
R-2.9 to R-3.8 per inch. If you are seeking
a cheap insulation this is definitely the
way to go, though installing it requires
Fiberglass Insulation safety precautions.

A substance resembling matted wool

Mineral Wool and made from inorganic mineral mater-
ial, used chiefly for packing or insulation.
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Building insulation is low-thermal-con-

ductivity material used to reduce building
heat loss and gain, and reduce noise
transmission. It is plant fiber used in
wall and roof cavities to insulate, draught
Cellulose Insulation proof and reduce free noise.

A rigid expanded polyurethane having a

closed-cell structure and used as ther-
mal insulation.

It is a waterproof thermoplastic foam

Polyurethane Foam which is an excellent sound and temper-
ature insulation material.

A glass-fronted exterior masonry wall

that absorbs solar heat for radiation into
the interior of a building, usually after a
time-lag of several hours.
Trombe Wall

A glass-enclosed room that is exposed to

the sun's rays.
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Solarium

A glass-enclosed porch or room oriented

to admit large amounts of sunlight. Also
called sun parlor, sun porch.
Sunroom

A roof, balcony or terrace that is exposed

to the sun and use for sunbathing.
Sun Deck

Any of various exterior devices for regu-

lating the amount of solar heat and sun-
light that enters a window, consisting of
movable horizontal or vertical fins con-
trolled manually or photoelectric elec-
Sun Control trons.

Any of various exterior devices consist-

ing a fixed horizontal or vertical fins an-
Sun Shade
gled to shield a window from direct sun-
light.

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(French: "sun-breaker") permanent ar-

chitectural element (.concrete screen,
etc) added to deflect sunlight and de-
crease interior temperature.

a sun screen placed on an exterior wall

Brise Soleil with windows, usually set off from the
face.

Horizontal solar control devices are gen-

erally used on the _____ and ____ facing
sides of a building.
North and South

Vertical solar control devices are gener-

ally used on the _____ and ____ facing
sides of a building.
East and West

Combination of vertical and horizontal

Egg Crates Solar Control Devices
solar control devices.

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Amihan and Habagat Prevailing winds in the Philippines.

Identify A.

being in or facing the direction from

which the wind is blowing.

Windward Is the direction upwind from the point of

reference (+ presure). Cool and moist air.

Identify B.

In the direction away from the wind. It is

the direction downwind from the point of
Leeward reference (- pressure).

the process by which rising air on one

side of a mountain releases all of its
moisture so that the opposite side, or
rainshadow, receives only dry air.
Rainshadow Effect

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Identify A.

The tendency of air or gas in a shaft or

other vertical space to rise when heated,
Stack/ Chimney Effect creating a draft that draws in cooler air or
gas from below.

The rate of flow of air inside the building

will be increased by making the outlet
openings bigger than the inlet.

Venturi Effect

Air flow created when air travels in one

side of a home and out another.

The circulation of fresh air through open

Cross Ventilation windows, doors or other opening on op-
posite sides of the room.

Is the vertical gradient of the mean

horizontal wind speed in the lower at-
Wind Gradient mosphere. It is the rate of increase of
wind strength with unit increase in height
above ground level.

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Sustainable architecture that seeks to

Green Architecture minimize the negative environmental im-
pacts of buildings.
A structure that minimizes the ecological
footprint of its construction and opera-
tion by using sustainable materials, us-
Green Buildings
ing minimal energy and water, reducing
health impacts, limiting pollution, and re-
cycling waste.
Is one of the most popular green building
LEED
certification programs used worldwide.
A rating system that will provide a set
of criteria & best practices to evaluate
GREEEN
buildings. Initiated by Philippine Green
Building Initiative (PGBI).
is the Green Building Rating scheme
of the Philippine Green Building Council
BERDE
(PHILGBC). Building are rated between
1 and 5 stars.
Building for Ecologically Responsive De-
Define BERDE.
sign Excellence
Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Define LEED.
Design
Geared for Resiliency and Energy Effi-
Define GREEEN.
ciency for the ENvironment
a systems tool that looks at the materials
used and released throughout the manu-
facturing, use, and disposal of a product.

Also known as eco-balance or cra-

dle-to-grave analysis.
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Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

Safety information about products com-

Material Data Safety Sheet (MSDS)
piled by manufacturer.
Environmental, health, and productivity
issues related to air quality, and light-
ing quality, noise and sound issues, tem-
perature, humidity, odors, vibrations, and
other similar concerns found within built
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) spaces.

A phenomenon described as an urban

area being significantly warmer than the
surrounding areas.
Heat Island Effect (HIE)

Situation in which building occupants ex-

perience acute health and comfort ef-
Building-related illness (BRI)
fects that can be attributed directly to
airborne building contaminants.

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Buildings with poor air quality that affect

the health and productivity of those who
work, obtain services, or life there.

Situation in which building occupants ex-

perience acute health and comfort ef-
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) fects that appear to be linked to time
spent in a building but no specific illness
or cause can be identified.

A measure of the constructed surface's

ability to stay cool in the sun by reflect-
ing solar radiation and emitting thermal
radiation.
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)

organic compounds that become va-

pors at typical atmospheric temperatures
which can effect the environment and
human health.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

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Meeting the needs of the present without
Sustainability compromising the ability of future gener-
ations to meet their own needs.
The exterior surface of a building - the
walls, windows, roof, and floor; also re-
ferred to as the building shell.
Building Envelope

Is the design and arrangement of open-

ings in a building envelope, such as win-
dow, doors and skylights.
Fenestration

A measure of the heat transmission

through a building part (as a wall or win-
U-Value dow) or a given thickness of a material
(as insulation) with lower numbers indi-
cating better insulating properties.
The measure of resistance to heat flow.

R-Value -the capacity of an insulating material to

resist heat flow. The higher the _______
, the greater the insulating power.
Is the combination of solar heat gain (the
transmitted energy plus the amount of
Relative Solar Heat Gain (RSHG) absorbed energy that is radiated to the
interior) and heat transfer due to the in-
door/ outdoor temperature differential.

Measure of a window's effectiveness in

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
blocking heat.

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A measure of the amount of light that

passes through the glazing material of
a window, door or skylight, sometimes
referred as Visible Transmittance.
Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)

Located along the typhoon belt in the

21 Pacific, the Philippines is visited by an
average of______ typhoons every year.
It is the first building in the country to
get a gold level LEED-CS (Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design - Core
and Shell) certification, which has now
turned Platinum.

Zuellig Building, Makati Architect - Skidmore, Owings and Merrill

It is the first utility-efficient and

eco-friendly IT building in Cebu. Due to
the design of the building's façade, the
Robinland Business Center, Cebu
light that enters is less intense, hence
lessening the need for air conditioning
indoors. It also has an energy-efficient
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lighting that ensures lower utility expens-
es.

It is the first awardee of a Gold LEED

Certification in the country.

Sun Life Centre, Taguig

It is also a Gold LEED certificate

awardee. It uses mostly eco-friendly and
locally bought materials. Full and partial
shielding help keep out outside light pol-
Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong lution.

It is the newest glass-and-steel building

to rise in BGC. The design of this vi-
sually refreshing glass building makes it
look transparent from the outside. Dou-
ArthaLand Century Pacific Tower, Taguig ble-glazed Low-E glass panes keep heat
out while letting in natural light. Also con-
tributing to its eco-friendly nature are the
rainwater collection system and low-flow
fixtures.

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It is the first LEED Gold certified building

for business process outsourcing com-
panies in the country its main tenant is
Wells Fargo.
8 Campus Place - Building A, Taguig

It is the first green building in Greenhills,

San Juan to receive a Gold certification
under LEED.

BTTC Centre, San Juan City

It is the first LEED project in the Philip-

pines to achieve Silver certification.
Shell Shared Services Office, Makati

Found in the country's first and largest

eco-city development, it's effort to devel-
Nuvali One Evotech, Sta. Rosa City
op a sustainable design has earned it a
Silver LEED Certification.

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It is a 30-story sustainable building certi-

fied by the Philippine Economic Zone Au-
thority (PEZA). A LEED Gold certification
recipient, one of its green features is the
double-glazed curtain wall that prevents
Ore Central, Taguig heat while disseminating natural light.

Is a Class A building and PEZA-regis-

tered IT park. A LEED-registered build-
ing with a silver rating, it is a 31-story
premium office with a curtain wall façade
One World Place, Taguig that has unique monsoon windows.

It i is the first-ever government green

building in the Philippines. This project
earned a LEED certificate and a possible
Laguna Lake Development Authority three-star rating from BERDE.
Building, Quezon City

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It is the headquarters of the Co-opera-

tive Group. The building houses 3,000
employees and has been awarded an
"Outstanding" Building Research Es-
tablishment Environmental Assessment
Methodology (BREEAM) rating. It is pow-
ered by pure plant oil fed Combined
Heat and Power (CHP) system and uti-
One Angel Square, Manchester, UK lizes grapeseed oil that is grown on The
Co-operative's own farmland.

It was the first high rise building to be

given LEED Platinum certification, with
the Bank of America Tower, in Manhat-
tan, being one of the world's greenest
skyscrapers.
One Bryant Park, New York City, US

Stands 632 meters tall and is the sec-

ond-tallest building on the planet, after
Dubai's Burj Khalifa. Wind turbines locat-
ed near the top of the structure power its
Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, China outer lighting as well as park areas, while
transparent inner and outer "skins" will
allow natural light to flood the building,
cutting down the need for artificial light-
ing.

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Resembling a sundial. It is 75,000 square

meters in size and one of the world's
largest solar powered structures. The
building contains offices, a hotel and a
conference center, all powered by solar
Micro Emission Sun-Moon Mansion, energy and featuring a solar powered hot
Dezhou, China water supply, energy saving glass, and
50,000 square feet of solar paneling.

Located in Winnipeg, it makes use of

"passive design and natural ventilation"
to make it one of North America's
most energy efficient office buildings.
The building has a geothermal system
to heat and cool the building, roof gar-
Manitoba Hydro Place, Winnipeg, Cana- dens and triple-glazed windows. Thanks
da to these features, over 60 percent of en-
ergy savings have been made.

Apple CEO Tim Cook is calling it the

greenest building on the planet. Apple's
Apple Campus 2, Silicon Valley, USA
strategy is to power the entire cam-
pus with 100% renewable energy and
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it promises to plant at least 7,000 new
trees and use recycled materials.

It is the greenest commercial building in

the world. Nestled into Seattle's Capitol
Hill neighborhood, it used only about 32
kWh per sq. meter in its first full year
of operation. Producing more electricity
from rooftop solar than it consumes in
kilowatt-hours per year, the Bullitt Center
Bullitt Centre, Seattle, USA is unique even among the greenest build-
ings in the world.

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