An

Industrial Training Report

On
“SURFACE IRRIGATION”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of
DIPLOMA
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
BY
S. VIJAYA DURGA 21386-C-044

Under the esteemed guidance of

Sri. B.RAVI KUMAR

Deputy Executive Engineer.,
IB Sub Division,
Water Resource Department,
Gooty.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

P.V.K.K. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE (CODE::386)
AnISO 9001 -2008 Certified Institute
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi& Affiliated to SBTET,Vijayawada.) Sanapa Road,
Rudrampeta, Ananthapuramu -515001. (A. P.)

2023-2024
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
P.V.K.K. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE(CODE::386)
AnISO 9001 -2008 Certified Institute
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to SBTET, Vijayawada.)
SanapaRoad, Rudrampeta,Ananthapuramu-515001.(A.P)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is a bonafide report of the Industrial training
on “SURFACE IRRIGATION”
Submitted by

S.VIJAYA DURGA 21386-C-044

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of diploma in Civil Engineering to
the P.V.K.K Institute of Technology, Ananthapuramu, as a record of bonafide work carried
out by them under the Esteemed Guidance of B. RAVI KUMAR, Deputy Executive
Engineer. IB Sub Division,Water Resource Department, Gooty.
.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D

Sri B. RAVI KUMAR Smt G.N.S.VARSHA M.Tech,(Ph.D)
Deputy Executive Engineer. Assistant professor
IB Sub Division, P.V.K.K Institute of Technology
Water Resource Department Polytechnic College,
Gooty. Ananthapuramu.

External Viva Voice Held on _______________________________ External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I render my deep sense of appreciation for the guidance rendered by. Sri
B.RAVI KUMAR, garu, Deputy Executive Engineer. IB Sub Division, Water Resource
Department, Gooty.

I offer thanks to Smt. G.N.S.VARSHA garu, M.Tech,(Ph.D) The Head

of the Department of CIVIL , P.V.K.K.IT, Polytechnic college, for her constant help and
guidance.

I offer sincere thanks to Sri. Dr.G.N.S.VAIBHAV Garu, Principal of

CIVIL, P.V.K.K.IT, Polytechnic college, for permitting me to undergo industrial training.

I express my heartily thanks to all those who contributed for the successful
completion of my industrial training report.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks all my friends who gave
constructive suggestions and encouragement throughout the training.

By
S. VIJAYA DURGA 21386-C-044
 ABSTRACT

The industrial training aimed to explore and enhance surface irrigation

techniques for sustainable and efficient water management in agriculture. The primary focus
was on optimizing surface irrigation methods, addressing challenges, and implementing
innovations to improve overall irrigation efficiency.

The training commences with an in-depth review of traditional surface irrigation

practices, evaluating their strengths and limitations. Subsequently, the emphasis shifted
towards the implementation of modern technologies and methodologies to overcome
historical inefficiencies.

Practical aspects of the training involves hands-on experience with various surface
irrigation systems, including furrow, basin, and border irrigation. Efforts were directed
towards understanding the hydraulic principles governing water movement in these systems
and identifying opportunities for improvement.

Environmental considerations were also a key aspect of the training, with a focus on
mitigating soil erosion, water runoff, and other potential environmental impacts associated
with surface irrigation. Strategies for incorporating sustainable practices into surface
irrigation systems were explored to strike a balance between agricultural productivity and
environmental stewardship.

Collaboration with industry experts and exposure to cutting-edge research

contributed to a holistic understanding of surface irrigation challenges and opportunities.
The knowledge and skills acquired during this industrial training are poised to contribute to
the advancement of surface irrigation practices, promoting water-use efficiency and
sustainability in agricultural systems.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No Name of the Chapters Page No

1 Introduction
1
1.1 Necessity of Irrigation
2
1.2 Advantage if Irrigation
1.3 Disadvantage of Irrigation 3

2 Irrigation Systems
2.1 Types of Irrigation Systems 4

2.2 Surface Irrigation 4

2.3 Advantage of Surface Irrigation 5

2.4 Disadvantage of Surface Irrigation 5

2.5 Subsurface Irrigation 5

2.6 Advantage of Subsurface Irrigation 6

2.7 Disadvantage of Subsurface Irrigation 6

2.8 Sprinkler Irrigation 6

2.9 Advantage of Sprinkler Irrigation 7

2.10 Disadvantage of Sprinkler Irrigation r 7

2.11 Drip Irrigation 8

2.12 Advantage of Drip Irrigation 8

2.13 Disadvantage of Drip Irrigation 8

3 Surface Irrigation
3.1 Surface Irrigation 10

3.2 Perennial Irrigation 11

3.3 Inundation Irrigation 13

3.4 Surface water sources 14

3.5 Sources of water 15

 3.6 Application of Surface Irrigation 20

3.7 Applicability 21

3.8 Surface irrigation process 21

3.9 Function of Surface Irrigation 22

3.10 Designing a Surface Irrigation system 22

3.11 Maintainance of Surface Irrigation 23

3.12 Soil Parameters 23

3.13 Advantage of Surface Irrigation 25

3.14 Disadvantage of Surface Irrigation 25

3.15 Surface Irrigation efficiency 25

4 Selection of Irrigation Method

27
4.1 Surface, Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation
30
4.2 Basin, Furrow and Border Irrigation

5 Surface Irrigation Method

5.1 Irrigation methods 35

5.2 Flooding Method 35

5.3 Furrow Method 42

5.4 Contour Farming 44

6 Hydraulic Structures for Surface Irrigation Sources

6.1 Dams 45

6.2 Purpose of Building Dams 46

6.3 Advantages of Dams 47

6.4 Disadvantages of Dams 48

6.5 Irrigation tanks 48

 6.6 Tank Irrigation 49

6.7 Minor Irrigation Tank 52

6.8 Distributory system 53

6.9 Advantages of Irrigation tanks 54

6.10 Disadvantages of Irrigation tanks 54

6.11 Check Dams 55

6.12 Objectives of Check DAMS 55

6.13 Purpose of Check Dams 57

6.14 Advantages of Check Dams 58

6.15 Disadvantages of Check Dams 58

7 Conclusion 59
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Name of the Table Page No

1 Net Irrigation 33
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Name of the Figure Page No

1 Surface Irrigation 4
2 Sub Surface Irrigation 5
3 Sprinkler Irrigation 6
4 Drip irrigation 9
5 Surface Irrigation 11
6 Perennial irrigation 12
7 Inundation or flood irrigation 13
8 Stream 15
9 Lakes 16
10 Rivers 17
11 Ponds 18
12 Reservoir 20
13 Clay Soil 24
14 Uncontrolled or wild flooding 36
15 Controlled flooding 37
16 Border strip method 39
17 Check flooding 40
18 Ring basin 41
19 Basin method 42
20 Furrow method (A) 43
21 Furrow method (B) 43
22 Contour farming 44
23 Dam 47
24 Mamamdur tank 50
25 Nagasamudram tank 50
26 Y.T Cheruvu MI tank 51
27 Y.T Cheruvu MI tank 51
28 Y.T Cheruvu MI tank 51
29 Hydrological cycle 52
30 Y.T Cheruvu aya cu 54
31 Check Dam 55