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DATA SYSTEM DESIGN
A PRESENTATION BY:
TEJAL TAYADE (22405114)
BHUMI THOLE (202301105025)
SANTOSH PANDHARE (202301127043)
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COUNTERS
- Definition
- Diagram
- Types
- Application
- Advantage & Disadvantage
- Conclusion
INTRODUCTION TO COUNTERS
DEFINITION: A COUNTER IS A SEQUENTIAL DIGITAL CIRCUIT THAT COUNTS
PULSES OR EVENTS.
COMMONLY USED IN APPLICATIONS SUCH AS CLOCKS, TIMERS, AND
DIGITAL COUNTERS.
TYPES: SYNCHRONOUS, ASYNCHRONOUS (RIPPLE), AND SPECIALIZED
COUNTERS LIKE RING COUNTERS.
SYNCHRONOUS VS. ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTERS
•Synchronous Counter :
All flip-flops are triggered by the same clock pulse.
Advantages: Faster and more stable.
•Asynchronous Counter:
Flip-flops are triggered one after the other (ripple effect).
Slower but simpler design.
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Ring Counter Overview
• Ring Counter: A type of counter where
only one flip-flop is set to ‘1’ and the rest
are ‘0’.
• The ‘1’ circulates around the ring of flip-
flops.
• Used in sequential circuit designs where a
repeating sequence of states is required.
WORKING OF A RING COUNTER
How it works:
•A shift register is used with feedback from the last flip-flop
to the first..
•Initial state: One flip-flop is set to '1', others to '0'.
•With each clock pulse, the '1' moves to the next flip-flop.
•Example : (4-bit Ring Counter):
• 1000 → 0100 → 0010 → 0001 → 1000 (repeats).
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TYPES OF RING COUNTERS
Basic Ring Counter:
Only one flip-flop holds the
active state ('1') at any time.
Johnson Counter (Twisted Ring Counter):
•Operates like a ring counter, but instead of cycling a single '1', it
shifts an alternating sequence of '1’s and '0’s.
•States: For a 4-bit Johnson counter, the sequence could be 0000 →
1000 → 1100 → 1110 → 1111 → 0111 → etc.
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RING COUNTER EXAMPLE
(TIMING DIAGRAM)
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APPLICATIONS OF RING COUNTERS
Application Areas:
• Used in shift registers.
• Suitable for controlling sequences in finite state
machines.
• Often employed in digital displays, counters, and
memory addressing systems.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RING COUNTERS
Advantages : Disadvantages:
∙ Simple design. ∙ Limited to the number of flip-flops
• Easily implemented in digital used (N states for N flip-flops).
systems.
• Can be used for cycling
∙ Not efficient for large-scale
through a fixed number of counting tasks.
states.
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CONCLUSION
•Ring counters are a key component in sequential digital circuits.
•While they have specific uses, their simple design makes them
useful for short, predictable sequences.
•Understanding both regular and Johnson counters is crucial for
digital logic design.
THANK
YOU
