ENGLISH FOR

GRADE 10
UNIT 2

Name of student: __________________________

 VOCABULARY
Answer each question, using a word or expression from the box.
acid rain carbon dioxide extinct global warming
globalisation hazardous waste ozone layer polar ice caps
smog water pollution endangered species destruction of rainforests

E.g: 1. What happened to dinosaurs about 65 million years ago? They became extinct.
2. What is the name for a special layer in the Earth’s atmosphere which helps protect our planet?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What word can be used to describe the increasing contact between countries that has a major
impact on life today?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. What causes problems because it is difficult to dispose of safely?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What have scientists shown to be melting worryingly fast at the North and South Poles?
________________________________________________________________________________
6. What does the chemical symbol CO2 represent?
________________________________________________________________________________
7. What has been happening in the Amazon area and in other tropical areas like Indonesia and
Malaysia?
______________________________________________________________________________
8. What problem is a type of air pollution?
________________________________________________________________________________
9. What can cause harm to plant or other life when it falls on the land or sea?
________________________________________________________________________________
10. What is the Siberian tiger an example of?
________________________________________________________________________________
11. What has caused much plant and animal life in rivers in industrial areas to die out?
________________________________________________________________________________
12. What is the term for the phenomenon describing the rise in the Earth’s average temperature?
________________________________________________________________________________

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 GRAMMAR
Complete the sentences with will or going to and the verbs in brackets.
1. The sky is so black! It ______________ (rain)
2. Are you busy? I ______________ the phone for you. (answer)
3. I’ve decided that I ______________ for a year before I start university. (travel)
4. Yes, take the job. I don’t think you ______________ it. (regret)
5. I promise I ______________ you every day while I’m away. (text)
6. I can’t keep quiet. I ______________ my boss what I think. (tell)
Circle will or going to to complete the predictions.
1. I don’t think Chelsea will / are going to win the Champions League next year. Their team isn’t
strong enough.
2. Look at those clouds. It’ll /’s going to snow.
3. Kat hasn’t done any revision. She won’t / isn’t going to pass her exams.
4. That car is going much too fast! It’ll /’s going to crash!
5. I will / am going to email you tonight – I promise!
6. Jack’s holding a tennis racket. He’ll /’s going to play tennis!
Complete the sentences with will or going to and the verbs in brackets.
1. Philipp ___________ 15 next Wednesday. (to be)
2. They ___________ a new computer. (to get)
3. I think my mother ___________ this CD. (to like)
4. Paul's sister ___________ a baby. (to have)
5. They ___________ at about 4 in the afternoon. (to arrive)
6. Just a moment. I ___________ you with the bags. (to help)
7. In 2025 people ___________ more hybrid cars. (to buy)
8. Marvin ___________ a party next week. (to throw)
9. We ___________ to Venice in June. (to fly)
10. Look at the clouds! It ___________ soon. (to rain)
Complete the dialogue with the correct form of will or going to and the verbs in brackets.
Jack I 1 ___________ (go) ice skating on Saturday evening with Luke. Would you like to come?
Annie Yes, please. Where 2 ______________ (you / meet)? At the ice rink?
Jack No, at the bus stop near my house.
Annie I live really near to the ice rink, so I 3 ______________ (see) you there. What time?

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Jack Six o’clock in the evening. I think it 4 ______________ (be) quite busy.
Annie Yes, definitely. It’s more expensive on Saturday evenings, isn’t it?
Jack Don’t worry. I 5 ______________ (get) a ticket for you. I’ve got some vouchers, so it 6
______________ (not cost) too much.
Annie Thanks! I 7 ______________ (see) you on Saturday, then.
Jack At six o’clock.
Annie I 8 ______________ (not be) late, I promise.
Put the following verbs into the correct form of passive voice
1. Tennis ____________ on a clay, grass or hard court. (PLAY)
2. In this hospital small injuries ____________________ by assistant doctors. (TREAT)
3. The wheel ____________________ thousands of years ago (INVENT)
4. English ____________________ in many countries all over the world. (SPEAK)
5. India ____________________ independence after the end of World War II (GIVE).
6. The goals ____________________ in the first 15 minutes of the match (SCORE).
7. New medicine for many diseases ____________________ every year. (FIND)
8. America ____________________ by Christopher Columbus in 1492 (DISCOVER)
9. Breakfast ____________________ from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. (SERVE)
10. The thief ____________________ to the nearest police station. (TAKE)
11. Every day CNN ____________________ by millions of people . (WATCH)
12. Coffee ____________________ to Europe by the Turks (BRING)
13. In Britain, tons of litter ____________________ away every day. (THROW)
14. Many houses ____________________ by the flood last week. (DESTROY)
15. The war ____________________ last week (DECLARE).
16. The homework ____________________ by tomorrow afternoon. (MUST FINISH)
17. That house ____________________ since I was a child. (NOT PAINT)
18. Smoking ____________________ in this hotel (NOT ALLOW)
19. After all the flights ____________________ the tourists checked in at the airport hotel. (CANCEL)
20. The car ____________________ for over a week (NOT WASH).
21. He ____________________ a new contract last year (GIVE)
22. This song ____________________ by the Beatles in 1967. (WRITE)
23. The earth ____________________ if we try hard enough to do something (CAN SAVE)
24. The new bridge ____________________ at the moment. (BUILD)
25. Dinner ____________________ now. (SERVE)

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 READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions

Climate changes are one of the most intuitive changes in global warming. As a result of a large amount
of carbon dioxide emissions, there is a sharp rise in high-temperature weather, which has an
irreversible impact on our environment and ecology. Scientists say, “Changing weather patterns linked
to rising global temperatures have resulted in a dearth of wind across northern China, according to
several recent studies, exacerbating a wave of severe pollution that has been blamed for millions of
premature deaths”. However, when I returned home last Christmas, there was no snow on the street,
instead, it was a warm winter with sunshine. The continued of global warming may not only bring
about changes in climate. The world may undergo more unpredictable changes due to global warming
in the future.

Global climate change has seriously affected the living environment of animals, the change of climate,
the quality of human life, and the threat to human security. Global warming has become a very difficult
trend to reverse. It and rising temperatures have caused very serious consequences for human beings,
brought great impact on the Earth’s organisms and seriously affected people’s lives, but people didn’t
realize the seriousness of the problem. It is urgent to protect the environment and people should take
active measures to deal with it.

Question 1: what could be the best title for the passage?

A. The Protection of Ozone Layer to Earth B. Climate Change and Global Warming
C. The History of Ozone Development D. The Destruction if Animals’ Habitat
Question 2: The word “which” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.
A. a wave of severe pollution B. a sharp rise in high-temperature weather
C. a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions D. a great impact on the earth’s organism
Question 3: The word “reverse” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. turn right B. reduce more C. change to opposite D. increasing sharply
Question 4: According to the passage, all of the following are the impacts of climate change and global
warming EXCEPT _______
A. exacerbating a wave of severe pollution B. improving the quality of human life
C. threatening human security D. bringing about serious changes in climate
Question 5: According to recent studies, millions of premature deaths are caused by _______.
A. living environment B. active measures C. rising temperature D. severe pollution

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Five sentences have been removed from the text below. For each question, choose the correct
answer. There are three extra sentences which you do not need to use.

Clothes Exchange

Are you like me and have clothes in your wardrobe that you have hardly ever worn? Perhaps you even
have something with the label still attached. Before you put them in a bag and take them to your local
charity shop or throw them away, consider another possibility. (1)____________.

Clothes swaps are becoming very popular as they give people the chance to offer their clothing they
don’t want in exchange for something they’d like to have for themselves. These parties are great for the
environment. (2)____________. They also allow you to update what’s in your wardrobe and to do it
without spending any money at all.

If you’re thinking of organising one yourself, it’s best to keep the event quite small, just inviting
friends and relatives. (3)____________. In order to make sure there’s something for everyone, and that
everyone feels included, invite people who are of a similar size and age. Either that or make sure
there’ll be a wide range of sizes on offer. Finally, decide on the number of items that everyone should
bring before the event.

On the day, each person is given a button for every item they bring. These are used instead of money.
You might decide before you start that some high-quality items should be worth more buttons than a
much cheaper item. (4)____________.

Make sure items are presented nicely, not thrown on a table in a pile. The idea is to make the whole
experience feel professional, almost as enjoyable as looking round your local clothes shop.

Allow 15 minutes at the beginning for people to look at what is on offer. (5)____________. Make sure
nobody tries to take anything before the swap is supposed to start or it may result in an argument!

A For example, some people bring clothes that are damaged.

B Do this with another person so everyone knows it has been done fairly.
C Firstly, people can recycle clothes that would otherwise end up as rubbish.
D Then when you’re ready, the swap can begin.
E Why not organise a clothes exchange or clothes swap party?
F That’s why you’ll have to find another location.
G With small numbers you can hold the event in your home.
H However. the idea became very popular with university students.

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 LISTENING
PART 1: Questions 1-6
You will hear a woman called Julie and a man called Greg talking about an indoor wildlife centre they
have visited. Decide if each sentence is true or false If it is true, choose the letter T for TRUE. If it is
false, choose the letter F for FALSE.
1. They agree that the wildlife centre building is well designed.
2. Julie thought the sharks at the wildlife centre were frightening.
3. Julie found the building was too warm.
4. Greg was disappointed with the number of insects.
5. Greg only managed to see one free frog.
6. Julie is very keen to return to the wildlife centre.
PART 2: Questions 1-6
Listen and choose the best answer
1. Harry first became interested in adventure travel because his father
A. gave him adventure stories to read.
B. worked in a travel company.
C. talked a lot about the places he’d been to.
2. Harry decided to start an adventure travel company because he
A. wanted to share his experience with others.
B. thought he could make a lot of money.
C. hoped to do more travelling himself.
3. Who suggested the name for Harry’s company?
A. a friend
B. a customer
C. his wife
4. When Harry visits a place, he tries to
A. give the local people jobs.
B. take modern equipment.
C. avoid damaging the area.
5. What does Harry say about doing dangerous things?
A. It’s part of his job.
B. It’s frightening.

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 C. It’s enjoyable.
6. What is Harry’s favourite place?
A. a mountain
B. a building
C. a river
PART 3: Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE DISCUSSION

• Agricultural work is having an _____________(1) effect on the environment.

• Too much farming operation has caused a serious problem, which is called _____________(2)
• Many places now seem to look like desert rather than _____________(3)
• One proof the article had pointed out to show that things can hardly grow in some areas is the
_____________(4)
• The relation between the number of farmers and the acreage of woodland is _____________(5)
• One reason for plants cannot grow is that the earth contains too much _____________(6)
• Researchers have carried out a test to show the _____________(7) of the solution.
• The possible range of salinity to grow plants is _____________(8)
• The _____________(9) in Dr Horst’s books are useful and worth studying.
• The student needs a _____________(10) to do his presentation

PART 4: Questions 1-10

Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Waste sorting, collection, and disposal
Necessary characteristics of dustbins: Solid and _____________(1)
Three kinds:

Recyclable garbage (blue or green bin)

Waste sorting Unrecyclable garbage (yellow bin)
Toxic waste (red bin)

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 Commercial waste collection:
It mainly refers to _____________(2) waste.
Waste Warning signs state not to _____________(3) blue/green bins.
collection Those _____________(4) metals will cause environmental pollution.
Household waste collection:
All kitchen garbage should be put into a _____________(5) bag.

The garbage disposal plant is situated in an _____________(6) space or

field.
The waste is disposed of at least once every _____________(7)
Waste disposal The dustbin should be cleared at night because of _____________(8)
The waste is mainly produced by _____________(9), industry, retail,
and offices.
Please do not dispose of _____________(10) in any of the bins.

SPEAKING
Answer the following questions: POLLUTION

• What are the problems that air pollution can bring?

• What effects does pollution have on the environment?
• Do you think we pollute more now than we did 50 years ago?
• What do you think will happen if we do not reduce current levels of pollution?

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 WRITING
PART 1
1. Many people think Steve stole the money. believed
Steve ______________ the money.
2. The strong winds blew down the two ancient trees during the storm. blown
The two ancient trees ______________ the storm.
3. He doesn’t have enough money to buy the computer. too
The computer ______________ to buy.
4. "You should start a new hobby, Mr. Jenkins", the doctor said. take
The Doctor advised ______________ a new hobby.
5. We have been waiting here since half past ten. for
We have been waiting ______________ one hour.
6. The man suddenly realised that the neighbor was watching him. watched
The man suddenly realised that he ______________ the neighbor.
7. I could never have passed that exam without your help. you
I could never have passed that exam ______________ me.
8. We paid some people to landscape the garden for us last year. had
We ______________ last year.
PART 2
Read the sample paragraph on the topic of POLLUTION
Pollution which is one of the biggest problems facing the world today has many effects on human life.
First of all, pollution is bad for people’s health. For example, smog, caused by car’s exhaust fumes and
factory emissions, can lead to lung diseases in humans. Also, food and water can be polluted by poisonous
chemicals, and this can cause cancer in the people who consume them. Another effect of pollution is the
destruction of human habitat. Thus, an oil spill can make an area where people previously lived
uninhabitable. Another example is the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan, which made it impossible
for people to live in a large area around the site of the explosion. Finally, pollution can also have a
negative effect on people’s psychology. People who live in a clean, unspoilt landscape like the Swiss
Alps will tend to be more positively affected by their environment than people who live in a polluted,
rubbish-strewn city such as London. To sum up, pollution has many negative effects on the lives of
humans.
Now read the sample ESSAY on the topic of POLLUTION

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Pollution is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. There are many different types of
pollution, such as air, water, and soil pollution, and these are caused by many different factors, such as
exhaust fumes, oil spills and radiation leaks. However, they all have one thing in common: their effects
on human beings. There are various effects of pollution on human life, but the most important effects of
pollution are on human’s health, habitat and psychology.
The first and most important effect of pollution is on human health. There are many ways in which
pollution affects human health and the first of these is smog. Smog occurs in big cities and industrial
areas, and is caused by car exhaust fumes and/or factory emissions. People who live and work in areas
with a lot of smog have to breathe it in, and, over a longer period of time, this can cause lung diseases
such as asthma. Another example is the pollution of food and water by poisonous chemicals, often as a
result of overuse of fertilizers or waste spillages. People who consume food or water that has been
contaminated in this way can become seriously ill, either in the short or in the longer term.
Apart from negative effects on health, pollution can also lead to the destruction of human habitats. Firstly,
repeated oil spills in the Niger delta on the coast of Nigeria have made the lives of the previous inhabitants
of that area (mostly farmers and fishermen) almost impossible, and forced many of them to move
somewhere else in search of new livelihoods. Another example is the recent nuclear disaster in
Fukushima, which led the Japanese government to evaquate an area in a 20 kilometre radius around the
site of the original explosion. The flight of people from areas that have been contaminated in this way
can lead to increased demographic pressures and competition for resources in the location where they
eventually end up settling, and thus has a wider impact on the society of the country where the disaster
occurred.
Another negative effect of pollution is on people’s psychology. Living in a clean, unspoilt environment
like the Swiss Alps or the Argentinian Pampa will tend to affect people more positively than waking up
every morning to a polluted, noisy, rubbish-strewn city such as London, Buenos Aires or Istanbul. This
impact on people’s psychology can lead to serious mental problems, such as depression. With a majority
of the world’s population living in big cities like these, pollution ends up affecting the mental health of
most of the people on this planet.
In conclusion, pollution affects human beings negatively in terms of health, habitat and psychology. If
people want to improve the lives of future generations, they need to work hard to lower the overall
amount of pollution in the world.

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