I.

Basic Concepts of Governance:

Q1. Define Global Governance. Discuss its significance and explain the emergent need of
growing interdependence between international states in global context. (2016)

Q2. Explain following categories of public policies. (2016)

(a) Substantive and Procedural Policies

(b) Distributive, Regulatory, Self Regulatory and Redistributive policies

Q2. Nature and character of state of Pakistan has been under discussion since long. Some people
voice for its theocratic nature. Others argue it as democratic nature and some say that religion be
kept separated from the state’ functioning. In this backdrop, elaborate ideas of Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the following: (2017)

(1) Quaid’s Vision of an Islamic Society.

(2) State’s Constitution and System of Government in Pakistan.
(3) Protection of non-Muslims, their rights and obligations.

(b)What are your views on State and Society of Pakistan in relation with Quaid e-Azam’s
ideas on our system of governance?

Q3. Economics forms the basis of all human developments. The growing concern at present is
increasing poverty in South Asia. There is a class of scholars who feel that ‘Top-down
Approach’ has not worked well in South Asian Countries. They find ‘Economic Democracy
through Pro-Poor Growth’ a solution to poverty. Under this concept of economic development,
explain the following: (2017)

(1) Definition and concept of ‘Economic Democracy through Pro-poor Growth’.

(2) Implementation modalities of ‘Pro-poor Growth’ especially in Pakistan

(B) If you are given the project of developing a strategy on ‘Pro-poor Growth’ for Pakistan, what
would be your main considerations for a workable plan

Q4. Constitution of Pakistan provides guiding principles for establishing state system and
governance rules. In the light of this, briefly explain the following: (2017)

(1) Name of the Republic and its Territories.

(2) Rights of individuals and their constitutional obligations.
(3) Freedom of trade and business.
(B) To what extent, you find our society is aware of the constitutional obligations with respect to
taxation and freedom of speech. Are you satisfied over the present level of societal awareness?
Give your comments in either case.

Q5(a) Define and describe Governance as formation and management of the formal and informal
mechanisms that regulate the public realms. (2018)

(b) Describe various indicators of good governance such as Participation, Rule of Law,
Transparency, Accountability, Responsiveness and Efficiency.

Q6.Identify the main differences between ‘public management’ and ‘private management’; and
between ‘public governance’ and ‘corporate governance’.(2019)

II. Governance Theories:

Q1. (A)Write short notes on any three of the following: (2017)

(1)Distinctive features of ‘Efficient Governance’ and ‘Effective Governance’.

(2) Rational Choice Theory of Governance.

(3) Indicators of good and bad governance.

(4)Public policy making process with special reference to Pakistan.

(5)Merits and demerits of ‘Local Governments’ in Pakistan’s perspective.

(B)Public-Private Partnership is considered a mode of fast paced developments. However, it has

not been very successful in Pakistan. What measures would you recommend to improve upon the
existing status?

Q2. (a) Rational Choice Theory proposes that a rational person is guided by the incentive system
within which he/she operates. Explain the implication of this theory in relation to transforming
systems and models of public sector governance. (2018)
(b) In response to the rational choice theorists, new institutionalism theory prescribes a more
comprehensive understanding of social behaviour. Explain how the new institutionalism theorists
see self-interest, social values, and power structures as determinants of social behaviour.

III. Governance Indicators laid by World Bank/IMF/UNESCO/UNDP/ADB,

theirExplanation & Application Level in Pakistan:

IV. Public Policy and Planning Institutions and their role in Planning

Q1. The planning Commission (PC) is an apex financial and public policy making institution of
the Government of Pakistan. Elaborate the role of PC in terms of policy development for national
economic growth and development of social infrastructure through the Public Sector
Development Programs (PSDP). (2018)

V. Accountability:

Q1. (A)Concept of governance stems from the basic idea of formal orchestration of material and
human resource for a prosperous and harmonious society. How do you look at some of its
fundamentals as given below: (2017)

(1) Accountability; elaborate its concept and kinds.

(2) Ethnonationalism; define it with an example.
(3) Hybrid organizations; define its value addition to governance.
(4) Action research; how does it contribute to governance?

(B) Keeping in mind socio-economic makeup of our society, what kind of plan would you
suggest for substantial and objective improvements in governance?

Q2. How can bureaucrats and bureaucracies be held accountable? By whom and by what means
can they be held accountable? Describe the steps and the measures that can be taken to increase
bureaucratic accountability. How do the judicial, the executive, and the legislative branches of
government hold bureaucrats and bureaucracies accountable? (2019)

VI. Bureaucracy:
 Q1.(A) Our bureaucracy is perceived to be the extension of ‘Royal Civil Services’ (Steel
Frame of British Empire). Do you agree with this notion? Give reasons in either case. Also
elaborate the following: (2017)

(1) Concept of bureaucracy; Max Weber School of Thought.

(2) Reforms in bureaucracy of Pakistan, give only brief highlights.
(3) Major/visible contributions of bureaucracy in providing good governance.
(4) Shortfalls / areas of improvement, your personal perspective.

(B)Comment on the restructuring of civil bureaucracy undertaken under devolution of power

during Mr. Musharraf’s regime

VII. Public Policy Formulation and Implementation

Q1. Define Public Policy and state its significance. (2016)

(b) Discuss the Role of Planning Commission in policy and Planning.

Q2. Do you support the representation of public opinion information diffusion in the policy
making process? Support your answer with valid justification in the context of policy advocacy.
(2016)

Q3.Draw a clear demarcation between Policy Analysis and Policy Advocacy (2016)

Q4. Discuss Policy Formation and Implementation Issues in Pakistan (2016)

Q5. (a) A multitude of models are proposed for public policy making process. Describe and
explain the six step model proposed by Patton and Swacki (1986) that begins with defining and
diagnosing the problem. (2019)

(b) Pakistan has a mixed-economy with a considerably large public sector. It is believed that size
and scope of government needs substantial reduction in order to reduce fiscal deficit and achieve
economic efficiency. Suggest strategies for gradual process of right-sizing in public sector of
Pakistan.

Q7. In many areas, governments increasingly have been moving toward partnership working
across public and private sector. What are the main governance implications of this trend for the
delivery of public services? (2019)
Q8. Choose a policy issue and examine it in the light of policy cycle. Be sure to discuss the
relevance of each of the following in your answer: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy
adoption, policy implementation, policy evaluation, policy change and policy termination. Also,
discuss the most important considerations at each step.(2019)

Q9. The traditional theory of policy making is that legislators make policy and public managers
carry it out. However, most scholars argue that this impleolitics/administration dichotomy does
not accurately reflect the policy-making process in most contemporary public administration
environments (2019)

1. . How do public managers engage in policy making?

2. How do legislators engage in policy implementation?
3. Is the politics/administration dichotomy still valid today?
4. Why or why not. Provide one detailed example in an area with which you are familiar.

VIII. Multi-level Governance in Pakistan:

Q1. Discuss the ways in which the legislative and judicial branches interact with the
bureaucracy. Explain why these interventions are necessary and useful? (2019)

IX. Federalism, Devolution and Decentralization

Q1. (a) Local government reforms have been designed and implemented across Pakistan during
three military regimes in 1959, 1979 and 2001. Present an overview of causes of failure and
success (if any) of the aforementioned reforms. (2018)

(b) The case of decentralization reforms in the Indian state of Kerala has attracted a world-wide
attention. Highlight key features of Kerala’s decentralization model that was initiated in 1996 by
the LDF (Leftist Democratic Front

Q2. Federal character of Pakistan’s government is enshrined in its 1973 constitution. 18th
constitutional amendment enhanced political and fiscal space for Pakistan’s constituent units.
Highlight key features of 18th constitutional amendment and explain its significance for the
smaller provinces of Pakistan. (2018)

Q3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a federal system of governments? (2019)

X. Role of Citizens in Governance

Q1. Write short notes on the following: (2016)

(a) Role of Active Citizens in Community Engagement and Governance. (10 each)
(b) The stigma of corruption and the decline of good governance in Pakistan.

Q2. According to the new public management model, the role of citizens in enhancing
governance of public sector is critically important. Explain how civil society − an instrumental
pillar of the state − can potentially transform the outcomes of governance for the benefit of
citizenry.(2018)

XI. Good Governance in Islam

(A) Islam is first and the foremost in ethical and practical relationship of mankind with the
surroundings for benefiting humanity. Elaborate following in this regards (2017)

(1)Status of man as custodian of governance in a state system.

(2) Relationship of state and society.

(3) Concept of ‘Shura’ or ‘Consultation’.

(B) Where do you find our existing system of governance in Pakistan in congruence and conflict
with the Islamic concept? Give your suggestions in case of conflict