Manufacturing

Industry
 Manufacturing Industries
• definition, importance of manufacturing – economic strength – backbone
• agriculture and industry – move hand in hand
• contribution of industry to national economy
• industrial location – agglomeration economics
• classification – raw material, main role, capital, ownership, bulk and weight
• textile industry – occupies unique position
• cotton textile – maharashtra and gujarat, centralized and decentralized,
challenges
• jute Textile – West Bengal – Challenges
• sugar Industry – tendency mills to shift, major challenges
• iron and steel industry- basic, chhotanagpur plateau region, no development
• information technology and electronic industry – bangalore, STPI, merits, BPO
• industrial pollution and environmental degradation
• control of environmental degradation
• NTPC – national thermal power coorperation
 definition
Production of goods in large
quantities after processing from
raw materials to more valuable
products is called manufacturing.
 Manufacturing sector is considered the
backbone of development
• modernising agriculture,
• reduce the heavy dependence of people on
agricultural
• eradication of unemployment and poverty
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade
and commerce,
• regional disparities by establishing industries
modernising agriculture,
reduce the heavy dependence of
people on agricultural
eradication of unemployment and
poverty
Export of manufactured goods
expands trade and commerce,
regional disparities by establishing industries
 Agriculture and industry
‘move hand in hand’

They depend on the latter for

raw materials and sell their products such as
irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides,
pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines
and tools, etc. to the farmers.
contribution of industry to national economy

17 per employ
cent of ment
GDP

variety
of
choices
export

infrastru
cture
 Labour

Raw material

Industrial Location

Power

Market
Money
 agglomeration economics
Many industries tend to come together to
make use of the advantages offered by the
urban centres known as agglomeration
economies.
 Classification of Industries
Raw materials

Agro Based Mineral Based

cotton, woollen, jute, iron and steel, cement,

silk textile, rubber and aluminium, machine tools,
sugar, tea, coffee, petrochemicals.
edible oil.
 Main Role

Basic Consumer

sugar,
iron and
toothpaste, paper, sewing
steel and copper smelting,
machines,
aluminum
fans etc.
smelting.
 Capital Investment

Small Scale Large Scale

Agarbatti making, Chalk Iron and Steel Industry,

making, Rice mill, Potato Textile Industry and
chips making, Toys Automobile
making, etc.. Manufacturing Industry.
 Ownership

Public Private Joint Cooperative

Oil India Ltd.

TISCO, Bajaj Auto sugar industry in
(OIL) is jointly
BHEL, SAIL etc. Ltd., Maharashtra, the
owned by public
Dabur Industries. coir industry in
and private
Kerala.
sector.
 Bulk and weight of raw material

Heavy Industries Light Industries

iron and steel electrical goods

industries.
 Textile Industry
The textile industry occupies unique position in the
Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to:

• industrial production,
• employment
• generation and foreign exchange earnings.
• It is the only industry in the country, which is self-
reliant and complete in the value chain
• i.e., from raw material to the highest value added
products.
Industrial production,

Employment generation and

foreign exchange earnings.

It is the only industry in the

country,

which is self-reliant and complete

in the value chain i.e., from raw
material to the highest value
added products.
 Cotton Textiles
the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the
cotton growing belt of

Maharashtra and Gujarat?

• Availability of raw cotton,

• Market,
• Transport,
• Including accessible port facilities,
• labour,
• Moist climate, etc.
Availability of raw cotton,

market,

Transport,

including accessible port

facilities,

labour,

moist climate, etc.

Raw cotton Market

Moist Climate

Labour Cotton Textile

Maharashtra and Gujarat?

Port Transport
 Challenges faced by Cotton Textile industry

• Power supply is erratic and

• machinery needs to be upgraded in the
weaving and processing sectors in particular.
• Other problems are the low output of labour
and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre
industry.
Challenges
faced by
Cotton
Textile
industry
 Jute Textiles
Factors responsible for their location in the Hugli basin are:

• proximity of the jute producing areas, inexpensive water

transport, supported by a good network of railways,
roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw
material to the mills,
• abundant water for processing raw jute, cheap labour
from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha
and Uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking,
insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
 Jute Textiles
proximity of the jute producing areas,

inexpensive water transport,

supported by a good network of railways,

roadways and waterways to facilitate

movement of raw material to the mills,

abundant water for processing raw jute,

cheap labour from West Bengal and
adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar
Pradesh.

Kolkata as a large urban centre provides

banking, insurance and port facilities for
export of jute goods.
1. West Bangal
2. Bihar
3. Assam
4. Odisha
5. Meghalaya
 Sugar Industry
In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to
shift and concentrate in the southern and western
states, especially in Maharashtra, This is because:

• the cane produced here has a higher sucrose

content.
• The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing
season.
• Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in
these states.
 Sugar
Industry
the cane produced here
has a higher sucrose
content.

The cooler climate also

ensures a longer crushing
season.

the cooperatives are

more successful in these
states.
 Challenges faced by Sugarcane industry

• Major challenges include the seasonal nature

of the industry,
• old and inefficient methods of production,
• transport delay in reaching cane to factories
and the need to maximise the use of baggase.
seasonal nature of the industry
old and inefficient methods of production,
transport delay in reaching cane to factories
need to maximise the use of baggase
 Iron and Steel Industry
why is called basic industry?
• Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of
engineering goods,
• construction material,
• defence,
• medical,
• scientific equipment and a variety of
consumer goods.
variety of engineering goods
construction material
defence
medical
Scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods
 Iron and steel industry
Chhotanagpur -maximum concentration

• low cost of iron ore,

• high grade raw materials in proximity,
• cheap labour and vast growth potential in the
home market.
• low cost of iron ore,
• high grade raw materials in proximity,
• cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market.
 Iron and steel industry
India is an important iron and steel producing
country in the world yet, we are not able to
perform to our full potential largely due to:

(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal

(b) Lower productivity of labour
(c) Irregular supply of energy and
(d) Poor infrastructure.
coking coal
Lower productivity of labour
Irregular supply of energy
Poor infrastructure.
 Information Technology and
Electronics Industry
• (i) The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from
transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone
exchange, radars, computers and many other equipment required by
the telecommunication industries.
• Bangalore is the electronic capital of India. Other centres are Mumbai,
Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore.
• (ii) 18 Software Technology Parks provide single window service and
high data communication facility to software experts.
• (iii) This industry has played a significant role in generating
employment. Upto 31 March 2005, the IT industry employed over one
million persons. This number has been increasing fast year after year.
• (iv) This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last
two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes
Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
• (v) The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to
the success of Information Technology industry in the country.
Industrial Pollution and Environmental
Degradation
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Thermal pollution
• Noise pollution
Air pollution
Water pollution
Thermal pollution
Noise pollution
 How can the industrial pollution of
fresh water be reduced?
• (i) minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in
two or more successive stages
• (ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
• (iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers
and ponds.

• Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases

(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves

screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process
(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical
processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
Waste water recycling plants
harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
treating hot water
 NTPC – Sustainable development
• (a) Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques
and upgrading existing equipment.
• (b) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
• (c) Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and
addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for
afforestation.
• (d) Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond
management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste
management.
• (e) Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database
management for all its power stations.
Thank you…