Dear Mrs. Dyah Sulistyaningrum, S.S., M.

Pd,

Please allow me to answer all the given questions for Discussion 7.

1. Explain the parts of graph, and give one example of graph

A. Definition

A graph is a visual tool that depicts data or relationships between various entities.
Graphs are used across various fields such as mathematics, computer science,
statistics, and data visualization to break down complex information and enhance
comprehension.

B. Parts of Graph

In general, graphs have some parts, such as :

 Chart title: The title of the graph or chart.

 Chart area: The area where the graph or table is placed.

 Vertical axis (y-axis): Also called the value axis because it shows the
values or amounts.

 Horizontal axis (x-axis): Referred to as the category axis because it shows

the data categories.

 Data Points/Bars/Slices

Data Points: In line graphs, these are the individual markers that indicate
specific data values.

Bars: In bar graphs, these are the rectangular shapes that display the size of
data values for various categories.
 Slices: In pie charts, these are the sections that illustrate the percentage of
each category.

 Legend : The legend clarifies the meanings of the symbols, colors, or

patterns used in the graph to denote different data series or categories. It
aids in understanding what each element of the graph represents.

Source of image : https://acampb3.weebly.com/parts-of-a-graph.html

C. Example of Graph

One of the examples of graph is a pie chart. A pie chart is a circular graph divided
into segments that together add up to 100%. It visually represents data by showing
the circle split into slices of varying sizes based on each category's proportion in the
data set. Simply put, it's like cutting a pizza to see how many slices of each topping
there are. Each segment of the pie chart corresponds to a different category.

This is an example of a pie chart showing the result about favorite sports. 25% of
students in the school are into football, 17% are into cricket, 12% for badminton,
5% for hockey and 41% for other sports. It can be concluded that the least
favorite sport is hockey and most students are into other sports outside of the
categories.
 Source of image : https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/real-life-applications-of-pie-chart/

2. Explain types of graphs

a. Line Graph

Line graphs show how things change over time. One side has numbers, the other
shows when things happen. They're good for seeing trends, like how temperatures
go up and down on different days.

Parts of Line Graph :

 Title: The title is simply the name of the graph drawn.

 Axes: Line graphs have two axes, namely the X-axis and the Y-axis.

 Labels: Names given to the X-axis and the Y-axis.

 Lines: These are the line segments used to connect two or more data points.

 Points: These are simply dots placed on each segment.

Source of image : https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/line-graph/

b. Bar Graphs

A bar graph is a visual way to represent data, amounts, or numbers by using bars or
strips. They help to compare and contrast various kinds of data, frequencies, or
other measurements of different categories of data.

Parts of Bar Graphs :

 Bars: Rectangular or elongated shapes that display data values.

 Axes: Horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) lines that establish scale and
categories.

 Labels: Descriptive text showing the categories or data points on the axes.

 Title: A concise statement summarizing the graph's content or purpose.

 Legends: Keys clarifying the colors or patterns used to distinguish data

series or categories if needed.

 Scale: Units or intervals marked along the axes to precisely quantify data
values.
 Source of image : https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/geometry/bar-
graph

c. Multiple Stacked Bar Graphs

A stacked bar chart is like a bunch of bars stacked on top of each other. It shows
how different things are made up and compared over time. These charts are good
for comparing total amounts in different groups.

The main parts of stacked bar graphs are:

 Bars: Shapes showing data values, with parts stacked on top of each other.

 Axes: Horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) lines setting the scale and
categories.

 Labels: Words indicating the categories or data points on the axes.

 Title: A short statement summarizing what the graph is about.

 Legends: Keys explaining the colors or patterns used for different parts of
the graph.

 Segments: Sections of each bar representing specific data or categories.

 Scale: Marks on the axes to measure data accurately

 Source of image: https://archive.smashing.media/assets/344dbf88-fdf9-42bb-adb4-
46f01eedd629/f7ac1c50-13d0-4661-8842-bc071de27036/1-multi-series-bar-chart-800w-opt.png

d. Pie Chart

A pie chart is a round visual tool used to show proportions in numbers. Each slice
of the pie shows how much of the whole it represents. The size of each slice
matches the amount it represents out of the total.

Parts of Pie Chart :

 Slices: Sections of the circle representing different categories or

proportions.

 Labels: Descriptive text indicating the name or percentage of each slice.

 Title: A brief statement summarizing the content or purpose of the chart.

 Legend: A key explaining the colors or patterns used to differentiate

between slices.

 Circle: The overall shape of the chart, divided into segments to display data
proportions
 Source of image : https://boardmix.com/tips/create-a-pie-chart-in-excel/

e. Flow Chart

Based on Merriam Webster Dicitonary, a flow chart is a diagram that shows step-
by-step progression through a procedure or system especially using connecting
lines and a set of conventional symbols.
Source of image : https://www.rff.com/flowchart_input_output.php

f. Pictograph

In the field of Statistics, pictographs are visual representations of data that utilize
icons and images relevant to the information being presented. These charts
typically include a key that explains the meaning of each icon or image used. In a
pictograph, all icons are usually depicted in the same size, but fractions of an icon
can be employed to represent corresponding fractions of the data.

Parts of Pictograph :

 Title: The title of a graph serves as a brief description that encapsulates the
main topic, theme, or subject matter being depicted in the graph.

 Categories: Categories in a graph are distinct groups or labels that classify

and organize the data being presented.

 Symbols: Symbols in a graph, particularly in pictographs, are visual

representations used to depict data points.

 Key/Legend: The key or legend in a graph acts as a guide that helps viewers
interpret the meaning of the symbols used in the graph.

 Scale: The scale of a pictograph indicates the numerical value that each
symbol represents.

 Labels: Labels in a graph offer additional information and context to aid in

understanding the data being presented.
 Source of image : https://www.cuemath.com/data/pictographs/

3. What are differences between Pie Chart, Flow Chart and Organizational Chart?

a. Definition

Pie Chart: A pie chart is a circular graph divided into slices to show parts of a whole.
Each slice's size represents its proportion. It's useful for showing percentages visually.

Source of image : https://www.spotfire.com/glossary/what-is-a-pie-chart

Flow Chart: A flow chart is a diagram that shows steps in a process. Each step is a
box connected by arrows. It's helpful for understanding and improving workflows.
Source of image : https://www.conceptdraw.com/examples/process-chart-example

Organizational Chart: An organizational chart shows an organization's structure. It

displays roles and relationships in a hierarchy. It's useful for understanding how an
organization is organized.

Source of image :
https://online.visual-paradigm.com/id/diagrams/templates/organization-chart/office-
department-system-organization-chart/

b. Differences
  Purpose:

Pie charts: Show parts of a whole.

Flow charts: Show steps in a process.

Organizational charts: Show organizational structure.

 Representation:

Pie charts: Use slices.

Flow charts: Use boxes and arrows.

Organizational charts: Use shapes and lines.

 Data:

Pie charts: Show proportions.

Flow charts: Show process steps.

Organizational charts: Show hierarchy.

 Usage:

Pie charts: Used in business presentations.

Flow charts: Used in process analysis.

Organizational charts: Used in businesses.

 Design:

Pie charts: Circular with slices.

Flow charts: Linear with boxes and arrows.

Organizational charts: Hierarchical with lines and shapes.

Summary:
 Pie charts show parts of a whole, flow charts map out steps, and organizational charts
depict structures. Each type of chart is designed for specific information.

Thank you for reading

References

MODUL 8 BASIC READING BING4121

MATERI INISIASI 7

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-the-different-parts-of-a-graph.html#:~:text=A
%20graph%20has%20the%20following,placed%20on%20their%20respective%20axes.

https://www.jaspersoft.com/articles/what-is-a-stacked-chart#:~:text=A%20stacked%20bar
%20chart%20is,total%20values%20across%20several%20categories.

https://www.cuemath.com/data/pictographs/