CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR WEEK TWO ENDING 27th SEPTEMBER, 2024
Date: 23rd – 27th September, 2024.
Duration: 90 minutes
Subject: CHEMISTRY
Class: Year 10
Teaching strategy: Practical and Discussion method
Instructional materials: Stone, water, air.
Ref. Text: New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools 2016 by Osei Yaw Ababio.
Rec. Material: New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools 2016 by Osei Yaw
Ababio.
Topic: NATURE OF MATTER
Period: 1 and 2
Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to;
1. define matter;
2. explain the three states of matter;
3. differentiate between the three states of matter.
Entry Behaviour: Students have seen stone, water, pen, pencil etc., which are examples of
matter.
PRESENTATION:
Step 1: Teacher gives the students the following pre-test;
1. What is chemistry?
2. How is chemistry important to you?
3. Mention three laboratory apparatus.
Step 2: Teacher revises the definition of matter.
Step 3: Teacher introduces new topic by showing the students representation of the three
states of matter (stone, water, spray) and explain s how they differ.
Step 4: Teacher further discusses the topic with the students.
NATURE OF MATTER
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It exists in three states namely: solid, liquid
and gas.
The fundamental difference between the three states of matter depends on the degree of
movement of the particles they are made of.
SOLID STATE
The particles of a solid are tightly packed and held together by a strong electrostatic force.
The particles only vibrate to and fro about equilibrium or a fixed position. They have a definite
shape and volume and very difficult to compress.
LIQUID STATE
The forces of attraction between molecules of liquids are weak compared to that of solids. Hence
they have slight movements. This is why liquids can flow. They have definite volume but not
definite shape.
GASEOUS STATE
As a result of the distance between the molecules of gases, the cohesive forces between them are
very negligible and so they move randomly. Gases have no definite shape and volume. They
assume the shape of the containing vessel.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS
SOLID LIQUID GAS
1. Fixed mass Fixed mass Fixed mass
2. Very dense Less dense Least dense
3. Definite shape Shapeless Shapeless
4. Definite volume Definite volume No volume
5. Incompressible Incompressible Compressible
6. Particles vibrate Particles vibrate, Particles move
and move about rotate and move about constantly
a fixed position about a restricted space at a fixed speed.
Step 5: Students ask teacher questions and he answers.
Step 6: Teacher summarizes the lesson.
Evaluation: Teacher asks students the following questions;
1. What is matter?
2. Explain the three states of matter.
3. State three differences between the three states of matter.
Conclusion: Teacher summarizes the lesson.
Assignment:
Compare the three states of matter in terms of (a) density (b) compressibility
Topic: NATURE OF MATTER
Subtopic: TYPES OF CHANGES
Period: 3
Teaching strategy: Discussion method
Duration: 45 minutes
Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to;
1. explain physical change;
2. explain chemical change;
3. differentiate between physical and chemical changes.
Entry Behaviour: Students have seen water and ice.
PRESENTATION:
Step 1: Teacher gives the students the following pre-test;
1. What is matter?
2. State three differences between the states of matter.
Step 2: Teacher revises the differences between the states of matter.
Step 3: Teacher introduces the topic by asking the students what the process by which
ice changes to water is called.
Step 4: Teacher discusses the topic with the students.
CONTENT
TYPES OF CHANGES
Whenever a given substance is heated, its state changes. There are two types of changes:
physical and chemical.
PHYSICAL CHANGE
A physical change is a change which is easily reversible and in which no new substances are
formed. Examples are:
1. Dissolution of common salt
2. Changes in states of matter such as melting of solids, freezing of liquids, evaporation of
liquids, liquefaction of gases to solids, sublimation of solids.
3. Magnetization and demagnetization of iron nails.
4. Separation of mixture by evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation etc.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
A chemical change is a change which is not easily reversible and in which new substances are
formed.
Examples of chemical change
1. Rusting of iron/metals.
2. Dissolution of metals and limestone in acids.
3. Fermentation and decay of substances.
4. Changes in electrochemical cells.
5. The addition of water to quick lime.
6. Burning of materials.
COMPARISON BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES
Physical Change Chemical Change
1. Easy to reverse. Difficult to reverse.
2. No new substances are New substances are always
formed . formed.
3. Very little energy changes There are often large heat
take place. change.
4. No change in mass. The new substances formed have
different masses but the total mass is unchanged.
Step 4: Students ask teacher questions and he answers.
Step 5: Teacher summarizes the lesson.
EVALUATION
1. What is a physical change?
2. What is a chemical change?
3. Give four differences between chemical and physical change.
ASSIGNMENT
1. Give two examples of a chemical change.
2. State three differences between physical and chemical changes.
READING ASSIGNMENT
New School Chemistry for SSS by O.Y. Ababio. Pg 8 -9
