International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at www.ijrat.org
Parametric Analysis Of Symetrical E-Shaped Microstrip
Patch Antenna
1
Mr G Naveen Kumar, 2Y Girish Ram Pradeep(15BQ1A04H5),3P Radha Krishna Sarma(16BQ5A0430),4T
Naga Siva Sai(16BQ5A0438),5V Sai Kiran Varma(15BQ1A04E6)
1
Associate Professor, 2,3,4,5IV B.Tech
Department of ECE, VVIT, Nambur
gnaveen.nani@gmail.com,grp.yellapu@gmail.com
Abstract: The proposed work presents the design and analysis of an asymmetrical E-shaped microstrip patch antenna
applicable in modern wireless communications. First, designed symmetrical E-shaped patch antenna and carried out a
parametric analysis with respect to slot length, slot width and slot position. The obtained impedance bandwidth of
optimized structure shows considerable improvement in the bandwidth when compared with rectangular patch antenna
with acceptable radiation pattern. Typically, the antenna shows a wide-band impedance response with a bandwidth of
28.95% and gain 8.1 dBi. Finally, verified the performance variation with respect to impedance bandwidth of an
asymmetrical E-shaped patch antenna by altering one of the slots length and length of side wings. The return loss
characteristics for various slot lengths and side wing lengths are plotted.
Key words: patch antenna; E-shaped; notch; wide-band; wireless communications.
1. INTRODUCTION: represents the initial LC circuit and resonates at the
With the increasing demand of wireless initial frequency. The equivalent circuit is shown in
communications, low profile wide-band antennas that Figure 2(a). However, at the two-side wings, the
can be integrated easily with rest of the RF systems current has to flow around the slots, and the length of
have attracted many researchers [1, 2]. Patch antennas the current path is increased. This effect can be
have narrow bandwidth, which modeled as an additional series inductance ΔL. So, the
leads to limited use of it in several practical side wing resonates at a lower frequency, and the
applications. Numerous approaches have been made to equivalent circuit is modified as shown in Figure 2(b),
ameliorate the bandwidth of the single-layer patch where ΔC is the slot capacitance. Thus, the ESPA
antennas, such as probe-fed U-slot patch antennas [3, behaves as two resonant circuits. These two resonators
4], a pair of double bent slots [5], L-probe/L-strip are coupled through a coupling capacitor Cc [12],
coupled feed patch antenna [6], and E-shaped patch resulting into a wide bandwidth. The resulting
antennas [7–11]. equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 2(c). The values
In this paper, an attempt has been made to of different circuit parameters are calculated and then
enhance the bandwidth of a probe-fed patch antenna on obtain
a thick air/foam substrate by incorporating two parallel
slots at one of the
radiating edges of a rectangular patch antenna and
positioning it symmetrically with respect to the feed
point. In the proposed model of the E-shaped patch
antenna symmetrical and asymmetrical structures are
designed and carried out parametric analysis with
respect to slot length, slot width and slot position.
Optimized structure is simulated to verify return loss
and gain of the antenna. The antenna is designed and
analyzed using full wave simulator HFSS.
2. DESIGN OF E-SHAPED PATCH
ANTENNA:
The top view of the E-shaped patch antenna (ESPA) is
shown in Figure 1. It has attractive features such as
simplicity and small size, when compared with
conventional wide-band microstrip antennas. A simple
microstrip antenna can be modeled as a simple LC
resonance circuit [2]. Current flows from the feeding
point to the top and bottom edges of the patch. When Figure 1: Top view of E-shaped patch antenna
two parallel slots are incorporated into the patch, the
resonance feature changes. In the center wing, the
current flows like a normal patch, and hence it
686
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at www.ijrat.org
higher resonant frequency. The best matching at both
resonant frequencies is obtained at slot width s =6 mm.
Figure 4: Variation of return loss with frequency for
different slot widths at =10 mm and =40 mm
From Figure 5, it is observed that as the slot position
( ) increases, the matching at two resonant
Figure 2: (a) Equivalent circuit of centre wing. frequencies improves and a wideband match is
(b) Equivalent circuit of side wing. (c) Complete obtained. However, when becomes even larger, the
equivalent circuit of E-shaped patch antenna return loss between two resonant frequencies is higher
the input impedance to calculate the return loss in dB than -10 dB and behaves as a dual band rather than a
using the equation wideband antenna. Figure 6, shows the return loss of
, (1) optimum symmetrical E-shaped patch antenna. Table I
shows the design parameters of the designed
Where τ is the reflection coefficient. symmetrical antenna.
Table:I Design Parameters of E-shaped Patch Antenna
3. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF
SYMMETRICAL E-SHAPED PATCH L=50 mm mm
ANTENNA:
W=70 mm =10 mm
In symmetrical E-shaped patch antenna slot length, slot
width and slot position are symmetrical. The H=15 mm
parametric analysis of the antenna is as follows. It is S=6 mm mm
observed, from Figure 3, that for small slot length ( )
the antenna has only one resonant frequency but as the
slot length increases another lower resonant frequency
appears. The lower resonant frequency decreases as
slot length increases.
Figure 5: Variation of return loss with frequency for
different slot positions at s=6 mm and =40 mm
Figure 3: Variation of return loss with frequency for
different slot length at =10 mm and s =6 mm
From Figure 4, it is noted that the two resonant
frequencies exist for all the three slot widths
considered. For low value of slot width, the matching Figure 6: Variation of return loss with frequency for
at higher resonant frequency improves, while at a s=6 mm and =40 mm
lower resonant frequency the case is otherwise.
Similarly, at high value of slot width, the matching at
lower resonant frequency improves and degrades at Figure 7, shows the gain of the optimum E-shaped
patch antenna.
687
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at www.ijrat.org
(a) E plane pattern (b) H plane patter
Figure 8: E plane and H plane radiation patterns Figure 11: Return loss characteristics for various side
wing lengths
4. PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF
ASYMMETRICAL E-SHAPED PATCH 5. CONCLUSION
ANTENNA: Symmetrical and asymmetrical E-shaped
In asymmetrical E-shaped patch antenna parametric microstrip patch antenna is presented and carried out
analysis is carried out with unequal slot lengths and parametric analysis with respect to slot length, slot
unequal side wings lengths as shown in Figure 9. width and slot position using full wave simulator
HFSS. Designed optimum E-shaped patch antenna and
simulated for return loss and E plane & H plane
radiation pattern. The obtained impedance bandwidth
response is wideband between the frequencies 1.92
GHz to 2.57 GHz and the gain is around 8.1 dBi.
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688
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at www.ijrat.org
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