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ENGLISH LECTURE - 03
Part Contents Page
REVIEW TEST 03

01 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

• PRONOUNS
• SUBJECT PRONOUNS
• OBJECT PRONOUNS
• POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
• POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
• REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
04

• RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
• COMMON PROBLEMS ON PRONOUN-VERB AGREEMENT
• ANTECEDENTS OF PRONOUNS
• THE PRONOUNS ONE AND YOU
• PREFIX AND SUFFIX

02 TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT
• VOCABULARY-3 12
• LIST OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS-3

TM

e d u c a t i o n s t u d y a b r o a d
 REVIEW TEST

Time: 15 min Score: _______________

In each gap, write either "MUCH" or "LITTLE" or "MANY" or "FEW".

When we got to the beach, ___________ people were already there, and we couldn't find a place to
sit down. There were a ___________ empty spaces near one end of the beach, but they were a long
way from the sea. We walked along the beach for a ___________ while, but we didn't have
___________ fun because we kept bumping into people. Finally, we decided to get back in the car
and go down the coast to the next beach. This was much better; there were only a ___________
families on the beach, so there was ___________ more room to spread out our things. Because we
had eaten so ___________ food in the car, all we wanted to do was lie down, and after a
___________ minutes we were all dozing happily in the sun

Identify the one underlined word or phrase A, B, C, or D that should be corrected or rewritten.
Write down E if you think there is no error in the sentence.
1. Energy in a tornado is enormous by any set of standards.
A B C D
2. The amount of women earning Master’s Degrees has risen sharply in recent years.
A B C D
3. There is fewer rainfall on the West Coast of the United States than on the East Coast.
A B C D
th
4. In 1999 the Hawaii was included in the Union as the 50 state.
A B C D
5. Most of the magnesium used in the United States comes from the sea water.
A B C D
6. The Rhode Island is the smallest state in the United States.
A B C D
7. Most American university degrees are awarded on completion of a specified amount of courses
A B
that earn students credits or points.
C D
Fill in the following blanks with the right word from the options below.
1. Over the years, Professor Sogra has mastered the art of leading her subordinates; nobody
subordinate to her has any problems with her _____________ over them.
(A) subordination (B) presence (C) absurdity (D) ascendancy (E) randomness
2. Honestly, Raihan is no_____________ ; despite achieving so much at such an early age, he
prefers to remain ignorant of his fame and recognition.
(A) braggart (B) failure (C) saint (D) clairvoyant (E) hypochondriac
3. Rafid has been working on his speech day in and day out so that on the day of the finale, he can
use valid logics to_____________ his statement.
(A) refute (B) bolster (C) repudiate (D) negate (E) retract
4. I was waiting to hear about his adventures but ended up listening to how he survived in a severely
_____________ area with minimal basic requirements.
(A) blighted (B) salacious (C) wholesome (D) cramped (E) narrow
5. She can work for hours without taking rest for even a few minutes; I have never seen a
more_____________ person.
(A) indolent (B) laidback (C) apathetic (D) assiduous (E) arrogant

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 PART – 1: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
PRONOUNS
There are five forms of pronouns in English: subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronouns,
reflexive pronouns, and relative pronouns. The possessive adjectives, although they are not pronouns,
follow similar patterns to the possessive pronouns and will therefore be included in this category. Here
is a list where you can observe the different forms each of these pronouns takes according to how we
use it.

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive Pronouns Relative

Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself/Yourselves Who
He Him His His Himself Whom
She Her Her Hers Herself Whose
It It Its Its Itself Which
We Us Our Ours Ourselves That
They Them Their Theirs Themselves

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

The subject pronoun is used:

(i) When it is the subject of a verb I We
She went to Los Angeles. You You
We, the contestants, were searched. He/She/It They
(ii) After the verb “to be”
It is he in the picture. (formal)
It’s him in the picture. (informal)
It could not have been they under the circumstances. (formal)
It could not have been them under the circumstances. (informal)
(iii) When the subjects of two clauses are compared
We are better than they (are) at baseball.
You speak louder than I (do).
(iv) After “as” and “that” whenever they initiate clauses or comparisons between subjects
They say that she controls him.
He is not as resourceful as she (is).

OBJECT PRONOUNS
Me Us
The object pronoun is used: You You
(i) when it is the direct object of a verb Him/Her/It Them
She gave him her card.
We saw her in class.
(ii) when the objects of two clauses are compared
She worries about you more than him.
The office staff helped you more than (they helped) me.
(iii) after prepositions
Tanvir studies English with us.
It did not sound like a good idea to me.
N. B. If the preposition introduces a new clause, a subject pronoun must be used because it is the
subject of the new clause:
We left after she called.

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Exercise 1: Choose the correct subject/object pronoun.
1. Jawaad is heavier than me/I.
2. It must be her/she.
3. Bobby and I/me went to the movies.
4. She is not as fast as he/him.
5. It was they/them who told us.
6. Could you please explain this exercise to her/she?
7. Mushfiq sat between Sajid and I/me.
8. He understands her better than him/he.
9. He told Mary and me/I about his trip.
10. She gets along with him better than me/I.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
My Our
The possessive adjective is used: Your Your
His/Her/Its Their
(i) to indicate ownership by modifying a noun
My picture is on the card.
He left his books on the table.
(ii) to modify a gerund
The teacher was irritated at my whispering in class.
We were surprised at her going on a trip alone.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Mine Ours
Yours Yours
The possessive pronoun is used His/Hers/Its Theirs
(i) To replace a possessive adjective + a noun.
Instead of saying “This book is my book,” we say,” That book is mine.”
Our car is big, and theirs (their car) is small.
His score was good but hers (her score) was better.
(ii) After the preposition “of,” when it indicates “one of several”
Jamie is a colleague of mine. (one of several colleagues)

(iii) After the verb “to be”

That essay is mine. Is this watch yours?
(iv) To replace the second adjective + noun when comparing two objects
His grades are better than hers (her grades).
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective/ possessive pronoun:
1. The dog wags ___ _____ tail when it’s happy.
2. Her mother is very warm and I loved ___ ____ cooking.
3. I know Fairuz. He was __ ______ classmate at college.
4. Bob wants you to return that book of ____ __ which you borrowed last month.
5. We had a test too, but yours was harder than ___ ___.
6. I was on time for my class but Jane was late for __ ____.
7. We have several trees in _ ______ garden.
8. We’ve already had lunch. Have you had ___ ___?
9. We have got our tickets. Do they have _____ ____?
10. He was very nice and I appreciated ___ _____ calling me.

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 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (sometimes called Emphatic Pronoun)

The reflexive pronoun is used:

(i) As the object of a verb when the subject and the object are the same person
She served herself in the cafeteria.
He cut himself while shaving.

(ii) For emphasis. It follows the subject verb before a preposition and means the subject did the
action alone.
I looked myself for the missing documents. Myself Ourselves
Otherwise it goes at the end of the sentence Yourself Yourselves
I made this sweater myself. Himself/herself/Itself Themselves
You told me yourself.

(iii) After the preposition “by.” It means that the subject did the action alone.
She likes to shop by herself.
Little Shyam has learned to eat by himself.

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronoun

1. Be careful not to cut ___ _____ with that knife.

2. She lives by ____ ____.
3. The children decorated the auditorium ___ ____ .
4. We promised ______ ____ that we would win the match for our supporters.
5. The cat defended _ _____ against the big dog.
6. They are going to paint the house by ____ ___.
7. The director ______ ___ issued the warning.
8. My brother always ignored me and let me play by _ _________.
9. Being there when it counts is in ____ ______ your greatest gift to me.
10. He always rides the rickshaw by _____ ____.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

The relative pronouns in English are “who” “whom,” “whose,” “which,” and “that,”

Pronoun Use
Who People + household animals
Whom People + household animals
Which Things
That All nouns
Whose All nouns

Who: Refers to persons and household animals

Whom: Refers to persons and household animals. It is used in the complement position (object)
In formal written English; otherwise “who: _____ +preposition is used.
To whom were you talking? (formal written)
Who were you talking to ? (spoken)

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Whose: Refers to animals, people, and things and indicates possession.
Which: Refers to things, collective nouns, and animals.

That: Refers to people, things, and animals that have already been mentioned.

Note: The use of which and that is often interchangeable, but sometimes there’s a difference:
Sami’s car, which he recently bought, is now in the garage.
Sami’s car that he recently bought is now in the garage.

The first suggests that Sami has only one car and it is now in the garage. The second sentence
suggests that Sami may have multiple cars. The phrase “that he recently bought” is known as a
restrictive clause because another part of the sentence (Sami’s car) depends on it. You will learn more
about clauses in the coming lectures.
Reference books will agree that the word "that" should be used to introduce restrictive clauses. In the
sentence you give us, "which was twenty years old" is not a restrictive clause. We can remove it
without changing the essential meaning of the sentence: The car was in amazingly good condition."
The added information, the nonrestrictive clause, is properly introduced by "which," but we need
commas to set it off: "The car, which was twenty years old, was in amazingly good condition."
When which introduces a nonrestrictive clause, you will use a comma before it.
Exercise 4: Correct the relative pronouns where necessary:
1. The gold that you saw was mined from the sea.
2. It was your school counselor whom called you.
3. The devastation which the tornado had brought about was unbelievable.
4. Some scientists believe that the Americas were populated by groups of Siberian hunters which
crossed the Bering Strait.
5. Our office, which has two boardrooms, is located in Dhaka. I work in the Khulna branch. The
student whose paper you have read is sitting there.
6. I would return this book to its rightful owner but I forgot which book it is.
7. The doctor whom was treating my brother, who I’ve not spoken to for years, recently died.
8. Did you find the book which you were looking for?
9. We are going to see Silence of the Lambs, that is my favorite film, next Thursday.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Up to now we have discussed about pronouns that refer to specific nouns and these nouns are easily
identifiable. Now we shall study a list of Indefinite Pronouns, which do not have any particular noun
to refer to.

Any no many, several

anybody nobody somebody
anyone no one someone INDEFINITE
anything nothing something PRONOUNS
every each everybody
everyone everything one, few
either neither some, all

For example: Somebody has stolen my pen. Here, the pronoun somebody refers to no particular
noun- it just gives us the idea that the subject is an unknown person.

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 PRONOUN VERB AGREEMENT

 A singular verb and a singular possessive adjective must be used with indefinite pronouns:

Everyone has his own viewpoint.

Somebody has left his coat on the chair.
Anyone is welcome to enjoy our hospitality.
Neither of the girls loves me.

Indefinite pronouns are singular; however, in informal spoken English, a plural possessive adjective
is often used with an indefinite pronoun:

Everyone has their own viewpoint.

Somebody has left their coat on the chair.

HOWEVER, THIS RULE IS NOT APPLICABLE FOR YOUR ADMISSION TESTS.

 “Each/every” refers to a number of persons or number of things considered individually, and is

followed by a singular verb and possessive adjective:

Every applicant must send his photograph in.

Each car must have its registration number listed

ANTECEDENTS OF PRONOUNS

 If a pronoun is used in a sentence, there must be a noun of the same person and number before
it.
 There must be one, and only one, antecedent to which the pronoun refers.
Incorrect: Henry was denied admission to graduate school because they did not believe that he
could handle the workload.
(The pronoun they does not have an antecedent in the sentence. The graduate school is a
singular unit, and the members of its faculty are not mentioned.)

Correct: The members of the admissions committee denied Henry admission to graduate school
because they did not believe that he could handle the workload. (In this sentence, they
refer to members.)
OR
Henry was denied admission to graduate school because the members of the admissions
committee did not believe that he could handle the workload. (Here the noun is given
instead of the pronoun.)

Incorrect: George dislikes politics because he believes that they are corrupt.
(The pronoun they does not have an antecedent in this sentence. The word politics is
singular, so they cannot refer to it.)

Correct: George dislikes politics because he believes that politicians are corrupt.
OR
George dislikes politicians because he believes that they are corrupt.

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Incorrect: Mr. Brown told Mr. Adams that he would have to work al night in order to finish the
report. (It is not clear whether the pronoun he refers to Mr. Brown or Mr. Adams.)
Correct: According to Mr. Brown, Mr. Adams will have to work all night in order to finish the
report.
OR
Mr. Brown said that, in order to finish the report, Mr. Adams would have to work all
night.
Incorrect: Janet visited her friend every day while she was on vacation.
(The pronoun she could refer to either Janet or her friend.)
Correct: While Janet was on vacation, she visited her friend every day.

Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences so that each pronoun has a clear antecedent. If
you have to supply a noun, use any noun that will make the sentence correct.
1. The dispute between the faculty and the administration was not resolved until they got better
working conditions.
2. Shahnila spotted her friend as she walked toward the Student Union.
3. Foreigners are easily impressed by the bullfighters as they march into arena.
4. Both Piyash and Prova wanted to watch Kung Fu Panda 3, though he had already watched it.
5. In their spare time, many great books have been written about the famous Greek and Roman
heroes.
6. Dr. Majid's book was accepted for publication because they thought it would be beneficial to
students.
7. Messi missing the loose cross made by Ronaldo made him really angry.
8. Robert bought a plant for Jimmy before he left for Kashmir.
9. Even though the production team and the cast was confident, they did not provide positive
reviews for the film.
10. Both Ferdous and Watir loved Cleopatra, but she only loved him.

THE PRONOUNS ONE AND YOU

If one (meaning a person in general) is used in a sentence, a subsequent pronoun referring to the
same person must also be one or he. If you is used, the subsequent pronoun must also be you.Heor
you can be in the possessive, complement, or reflexive case.

One
one's + noun
one + verb . . . he + (verb) . . .
his + noun

NOTE: Many times it is considered more appropriate to use he or she and similar expression so that
the masculine pronoun is not used exclusively.
If one takes this exam without studying one is likely to fail.
If one takes this exam without studying he is likely to fail.
One should always do one's homework.
One should always do his homework

you
you + verb . . . + + (verb) . . .
your

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If you take this exam without studying you are likely to fail.
You should always do your homework.

NOTE: It is NEVER CORRECT to say:

If one takes this exam without studying you are likely to fail.
If one takes this exam without studying they are likely to fail.

PREFIX
dis-
Dis- means “apart” or “away.”

Examples Meanings
The boys dissected the frog. The boys took the frog apart.
She dissented from the majority opinion. She voted apart from the majority opinion.
The employer dismissed the staff member. The employer sent the staff member away.
The materials dissipated. The materials separated or moved away from
each other.
He is a dissident. His ideas are apart from those of the majority.

dys-
The prefix dys- means “bad,” “faulty,” “difficulty,” or “illness.”

Examples Meanings
He was suffering from dysentery. He was suffering from an illness of the large
intestine.
Joe has dyslexia. Joe has difficulty reading.
The doctor has treated Jane for dysphasia. The doctor has treated Jane for difficulty in
swallowing.
Many children in that country have died from Many children in that country have died from bad
dystrophy. nutrition or illness caused by lack of proper
nutrition.

eu-
The prefix eu- means “good” or “well.” It’s the opposite of the prefix dys-.

Examples Meanings
Tim gave a beautiful eulogy about Glenn. Tim gave a beautiful statement about the good
things Glenn has done.
He tried to think of an appropriate euphemism to He tried to think of an appropriate good substitute
lessen the impact of his words. expression to lessen the impact of his words.
The doctor says his dyspepsia has been replaced The doctor says his dyspepsia has been replaced
by eupepsia. by good digestion.
This instrument provides a euphonious sound. This instrument provides good, or pleasing,
sound.

ex-
The prefix ex- means “out,” “out of,” or “from.”

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Examples Meanings
He emitted a low sound. (The x is deleted before He sent out a low sound.
the m.)
They expelled the unruly students. They drove out, or removed, the unruly students
from the institution.
The doctor asked him to exhale slowly. The doctor asked him to breathe out slowly.
That organ excretes waste. That organ sends out waste.
They exculpated him. They showed that he was without blame.

in-
Before l, m, or r, the n of this prefix becomes the same as the first consonant of the word. The prefix
in- has two meanings. The first meaning is “not.”

Examples Meanings
Jim knew his actions were illegal. Jim knew his actions were not legal.
The amount of poisonous gas was insignificant. The amount of poisonous gas was not significant.
He suffered from an irregular heartbeat. He suffered from a heartbeat that was not regular.
Bruce’s actions were immoral. Bruce’s actions were not moral.
The council’s decision was impossible to The council’s decision was not possible to
understand. understand, or comprehend.

The second meaning of the prefix in- is “in,” “into,” or “on.”

Examples Meanings
The doctor injected him with an antibiotic. The doctor forced an antibiotic into his body with
a syringe.
This country imports a large amount of grain from This country brings in a large amount of grain
overseas. from overseas.
(Import is the opposite of export.)
They need to illuminate the field better. They need to put more light on the field.
She tried to introduce a new topic. She tried to bring a new topic into the discussion.

SUFFIX
Verb Endings
The endings -en and -ize normally indicate that the word is a verb.
The suffixes -en and -ize are normally added to nouns or adjectives to make verbs.

Root Suffix Verb

Haste -en Hasten

awaken, harden, flatten,

shorten, heighten, enlighten,
weaken, hearten, darken,
strengthen.
Standard -ize Standardize

authorize, legalize, criticize,

rationalize, intellectualize,
symbolize, neutralize,
centralize, summarize,
emphasize, visualize, mobilize,
categorize, stabilize,
economize, and terrorize.

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 PART – II: TAKE-HOME EXERCISE

Find out the best alternative.

1. Hello Henry, Kate, Peter. Help ---- to some food and I'll be with you in a moment.
(A) you (B) yours (C) yourself (D) yourselves
2. A student of ---- has just been to see me.
(A) your (B) yours (C) yourself (D) you
3. Her parents were in Malaya. So were ----.
(A) mine (B) your (C) my (D) myself
4. The cat caught ---- tail in the door.
(A) it’s (B) itself (C) its (D) it
5. When Sally won the lottery, she pinched ---- to make sure she wasn't dreaming.
(A) hers (B) herself (C) her (D) himself
6. ---- in the village went to the party but ---- enjoyed it very much.
(A) Someone/ no one (B) Nobody/ no one
(C) Everyone/ no body (D) Everyone/ somebody
7. William Shakespeare is ---- who I have always admired.
(A) someone (B) no one (C) everyone (D) anyone
8. You mustn't blame ----. You are the guilty one.
(A) yourself (B) me (C) myself (D) you
9. Almost no friend of ---- came to the funeral.
(A) her (B) myself (C) theirs (D) them
10. It's partly finished. There is ---- left.
(A) nothing (B) everything (C) anything (D) something

Choose the best relative pronoun to complete each sentence. If there is none required, put "X".

1. It was Robbin ___________ gave me the old map; he had found it in an old junk shop.
2. My uncle apologized for his insult, ___________ we accepted gracefully.
3. Asif put the keys down on the table ___________ was in the kitchen.
4. Much ___________ your father left in his will is going to your mother.
5. Unfortunately, the car hit the dog ___________ I love so much and it was killed.
6. The car, ___________ owner was arrested by the police, has been parked there ever since.
7. There are several reasons for the closure of the school, most of ___________ have already been
explained fully.
8. This was the room ___________ we first met and spoke. Do you remember?

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 Vocabulary Section

LIST OF VOCABULARY - 3

commemorate V. honor the memory of. The concur V. agree. Did you concur with the
statue of the Minute Man commemorates the decision of the court or did you find it unfair?
valiant soldiers who fought in the condone V. overlook; forgive; give tacit
Revolutionary War.
approval; excuse. Unlike Widow Douglass,
compile V. assemble; gather; accumulate. We who condoned Huck’s minor offenses, Miss
planned to compile a list of the words most Watson did nothing but scold.
frequently used on SAT examinations.
conflagration N. great fire. In the
complacency N. self-satisfaction; smugness. conflagration that followed the 1906
Full of complacency about his latest victories, earthquake, much of San Francisco was
he looked smugly at the row of trophies on his destroyed.
mantelpiece. complacent, ADJ.
confluence N. flowing together; crowd. They
complementary ADJ. serving to complete built the city at the confluence of two rivers.
something. John and Lisa’s skills are confound V. confuse; puzzle. No mystery
complementary: he’s good at following a daily could confound Sherlock Holmes for long.
routine, while she’s great at improvising and
handling emergencies. Together they make a conjecture V. surmise; guess. It’s all
great team. conjectures; you can’t really prove anything.

compliance N. readiness to yield; conformity consensus N. general agreement. Every time

in fulfilling requirements. Bullheaded Bill was the garden club members had nearly reached
not noted for easy compliance with the a consensus about what to plant, Mistress
demands of others. As an architect, however, Mary, quite contrary, disagreed.
Bill recognized that his design for the new constraint N. compulsion; repression of
school had to be in compliance with the local feelings. There was a feeling of constraint in
building code the room because no one dared to criticize the
composure N. mental calmness. Even the speaker. constrain, V.
latest work crisis failed to shake her contend V. struggle; compete; assert
composure. earnestly. Sociologist Harry Edwards contends
comprehensive ADJ. thorough; inclusive. This that young black athletes are exploited by
book provides a comprehensive review of some college recruiters.
verbal and math skills for the SAT. contentious ADJ. quarrelsome. Disagreeing
compress V. close; squeeze; contract. She violently with the referees’ ruling, the coach
compressed the package under her arm. became so contentious that they threw him out
of the game.
concede V. admit; yield. Despite all the
evidence Monica had assembled, Mark contract V. compress or shrink; make a
refused to concede that she was right. pledge; catch a disease. Warm metal expands;
cold metal contracts.
conciliatory ADJ. reconciling; soothing. She
was still angry despite his conciliatory words. converge V. approach; tend to meet; come
conciliate, V. together. African-American men from all over
the United States converged on Washington to
concise ADJ. brief and compact. When you take part in the historic Million Men march.
define a new word, be concise: the shorter the
definition, the easier it is to remember. conviction N. judgment that someone is guilty
of a crime; strongly held belief. Even her

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conviction for murder did not shake Peter’s possibility of arson, we believe the insurance
conviction that Harriet was innocent of the agency should undertake a more extensive
crime. investigation of the fire’s cause.
cordial ADJ. gracious; heartfelt. Our hosts curtail V. shorten; reduce. When Herb asked
greeted us at the airport with a cordial Diane for a date, she said she was really sorry
welcome and a hearty hug. she couldn’t go out with him, but her dad had
ordered her to curtail her social life.
corroborate V. confirm; support. Though Huck
was quite willing to corroborate Tom’s story, debilitate V. weaken; enfeeble. Michael’s
Aunt Polly knew better than to believe either of severe bout of the flu debilitated him so much
them. that he was too tired to go to work for a week.
corrode V. destroy by chemical action. The debunk V. expose as false, exaggerated,
girders supporting the bridge corroded so worthless, etc; ridicule. Pointing out that he
gradually that no one suspected any danger consistently had voted against strengthening
until the bridge suddenly collapsed. corrosion, anti-pollution legislation, reporters debunked
N. the candidate’s claim that he was a fervent
environmentalist.
credulity N. belief on slight evidence;
gullibility; naivete. Con artists take advantage decorum N. propriety; orderliness and good
of the credulity of inexperienced investors to taste in manners. Even the best-mannered
swindle them out of their savings. credulous, students have trouble behaving with decorum
ADJ. on the last day of school. decorous, ADJ.
creed N. system of religious or ethical belief. deference N. courteous regard for another’s
Any loyal American’s creed must emphasize wish. In deference to the minister’s request,
love of democracy. please do not take photographs during the
wedding service.
cryptic ADJ. mysterious; hidden; secret.
Thoroughly baffled by Holmes’s cryptic degradation N. humiliation; debasement;
remarks, Watson wondered whether Holmes degeneration. Some secretaries object to
was intentionally concealing his thoughts about fetching the boss a cup of coffee because they
the crime. resent the degradation of being made to do
such lowly tasks. degrade, V.
culpable ADJ. deserving blame. Corrupt
politicians who condone the activities of the dehydrate V. remove water from; dry out.
gamblers are equally culpable. Running under a hot sun quickly dehydrates
cursory ADJ. casual; hastily done. Because a the body; joggers soon learn to carry water
bottles and to drink from them frequently.
cursory examination of the ruins indicates the

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 LIST OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS - 3

 Get off the ground Start to be successful

 Get on Board (a vehicle)
 Get over Recover from (a disease)
 Get rid of Discard; no longer have
 Get under way Begin; start
 Give away Distribute (for free)
 Give (someone) a cold shoulder Act unfriendly toward someone; ignore
 Give a hand Applaud; clap
 Give a hand (with) Assist
 Go easy on Not punish severely
 Go on (with) Continue
 Go with (1) accompany;
(2) look good together; complement (for example, two
articles of clothing)
 Go without saying Be clear; be obvious
 Grow up To mature; to become an adult
 Hand in Give back to; return
 Hand out Distribute
 Hang on Wait
 Hard to come by Difficult go find
 Have on Wear
 Have one's hands full Be very busy; have a challenging job
 Have a heart Be compassionate; show mercy
 Have a hunch Have an intuitive feeling
 Have a word with (someone) Talk to someone briefly
 Have the time of one's life Have fun; have a great time
 Hear firsthand (from) Get information directly from someone
 Hear from Be contacted by; be in touch with
 Hear of Know about; be familiar with
 Hit it off Become friendly (especially at a first meeting)
 Hit the road Leave, go away
 Hold on (to) Grasp
 Hold still Not move
 Hold up Delay
 In hot water In trouble
 In the dark Not knowing; confused
 In the long run Over a long period of time
 In no time Very soon; very quickly
 In a nutshell In summary; in brief
 In the same boat In the same situation; having the same problem
 In person Face to face (not by telephone, letter, etc.)
 In store In the future; coming up
 Iron out Solve (a problem)
 Join the club Have the same problem
 Jump to conclusions Form opinions without sufficient evidence
 Keep an eye on Watch; take care of; look after
 Keep an eye out (for) Look for
 Keep on (with) Continue
 Keep track of Know where something or someone is
 Keep up (with) Maintain the same speed as
 Kill time Spend time doing unimportant things (before an appointment)
 Know like the back of one's hand Be very familiar with

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