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r 8c in charge of your own learning-Navigate through the audio clips with ease and
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r Practice at your own Pace-Click on the audio transcript and listen to the section you want,
as often as you want.

I Get the songs-Listen to the lop Notch Pop songs and karaoke while you're on the go.

h.lrchase the app that enhances your learning.

 JOAN SASLOW
ALLEN ASCHER

With lop Notch Pop Songs ond Korooke

by Rob Morsberger
Top llotdr: Engllish for Today's World Level 1, Third Edition
Copyr!;ltO 2Ol5 by Pearson Education, lnc.
m i366 reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a rctrieval t6bm, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, wittrcut the prior permission of the publisher.

Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, NY 10606 USA

Staff credits: The people who made up the lop Nofch team are Peter Benson, Kimberty Casey, lennifer Castro, Tracey Munz Cataldo,
Rosa Chapinal, Aerin Csigay, Dave Dickey, Gina Dilillo, Nancy Flaggman, lrene Frankel, Shelley Cazes, Christopher Leonowicz,
lulie Molnar, Laurie Neaman, Sherri Pemberton, Pamela Pia, Rebecca Pitke, Jennifer Raspiller, Charlene Straub, and Kenneth Volcjak.

Cover photo: Sprint/Corbis

Text composition: TSI Graphics

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Saslow, loan M.
Top Notch : English for today's world. Fundamentals / Joan Saslow, Allen Ascher; With Top Notch Pop Songs
and Karaoke by Rob Morsberger. Third Edition.
-
pages cm
lncludes biographical references.
|SBN 978-0-13-339348-4 ISBN 978-0-13-354277-6 ISBN 978-0-13-354278-3 1. English language-
|SBN 928-0-13-354275-2
- - -
Textbooksforforeign speakers.2. English language-Problems, exercises, etc.3. English language-Sound recordingsforforeign speakers.
t. Ascher, Allen. ll. Morsberger, Robert Eustis, 1929- lll. Title. lV. Title: English for today's world.
PE't128.52757 2015
428.2'4-dc23
2013044020

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN-1o: 0-'13-392893-4 ISBN-lo:0-13-339348-8 (with MyEnglishlab)
|SBN-13: 97a-O-13-392893-8 lsBN-|3: 978-0-13-339348-4 (with MyEnglishlab)
at7 717

ln Memoriam
Rob Morsberger (1 959-2Ol 3)
The authors wish to acknowledge their memory of and gratitude to Rob Morsberger, the gifted comPoser
and songwriter of the lop Notch Pop Songs and Karaoke that have provided learners both language practice
and pleasure.
 o Meet someone new Formal titles . lnformation questions with be: Review
. ldentify and describe people a Positive adjectives to describe o Contractions
. Provide personal information people o Modification with adlectives: Review
. lntroduce someone to a group
a Personal information . Positive adiectives
a Countries and nationalities o / no questions and short answers with be: Review
Getting Yes

Acquainted
PAGE 2
o lnformation questions with be: usage and form
o Possessive nouns and adjectives
o Verb be: usage and form
o Short answers with be: common errors

a Accept or decline an invitation Music genres . Prepositions of time and place; Questions with
Express locations and give a Entedainment and cultural events When, What time, and Where: Review
directions Locations and directions
o Contractions
Make plans to see an event
Talk about musical tastes . Prepositions of time and place: usage rules
o Would like for preference: review and expansion

o Report news about relationships a The extended family . The simple present tense: Review
o D.escribe extended families a Relationships and marital status . Spelling exceptions
. Compare people a 0ther family relationships o Contractions
. Discuss family cultural traditions Similarities and differences o The simple present tense-information
questions: Review
The Extended
Family
o The simple present tense: usage and form
PAGE 26
. lnformation questions in the simple present tense:
form questions with who, common errors

. Ask for a restaurant o Parts of a meal

recommendation o Categories of food
o Order from a menu . Degrees of hunger
r Definite article the
. Speak to a server and pay for a meal . Communicating with a waiter
o Discuss food and health or waitress
Food and o Non-count nouns: expressing quantities
. Adjectives to describe the
o
Restaurants healthfulness of food Some and anv
PAGE 38
. Questions with How much and How manv
. Words that can be count nouns or non-count nouns
o Plural count nouns: spelling rules
o Non-count nouns: categories and verb agreement

. Recommend a brand or model o Electronic devices o The present continuous: Review

. Express sympathy for a problem o Replacing products
o Complain when things don't work o Positive descriptions
o The present continuous: spelling rules for the
o Describe features of products . Collocations for using present participle
electronic devices
Technology . o The present continuous: rules for forming
Activities statements
and You . Ways to sympathize . The present continuous: rules for forming
PAGE 50 . Negative descriptions questions
. Household appliances and
machines
. Ways to state a problem
. Features of manufactured
products

tv
. Begin responses with a question Listening Skills Texts Task
to confirm . Listen for details . An enrollment form . Write a description of a classmate
. Use Let's to suggest a course o lnfer information o Personal profiles
of action o A photo story
. Ask personal questions to
Pronunciation
. lntonation of questions
r Capitalization
indicate friendliness Skills/strategies
o o lnfer information
lntensify an informal answer
with sure . Scan for facts

. "Use Would vou like to go?" to Listening Skills Texts Task

make an invitation . Listen for key details o A music website e Write about oneself and one's
. Repeat with rising intonation to o Draw conclusions . An entertainment events page musical tastes
confirm information o Listen for details . Authentic interviews
o Provide reasons to decline . Listen for locations .
an invitation
o
A survey of musical tastes
. The sentence
A photo story
e Use Too bad to express Pronunciation
disappointment
. Rising intonation to confirm Skills/strategies
o Use Thanks, anvwav to
information . lnterpret maps and diagrams
acknowledge an unsuccessf ul o Confirm content
attempt to help . Make personal comparisons

o Use Actuallv to introduce a topic Listening Skills Texts Task

. Respond to good news with o Listen to classily . Familytree diagrams r Make a Venn diagram
Congratulations! o Listen to infer o A self-help website r Compare two people in a family
. Respond to bad news with . Listen to identify similarities and . A survey about adult children
I'm sorrv to hear that differences . A photo story
. Use Thanks for asking to . Listen to take notes o Combining sentences with and
acknowledge an inquiry o Listen for details Skills/strategies or but
of concern . lnterpret a diagram
. Use Well to introduce a Pronunciation o Confirm facts
lengthy reply o Linking sounds . lnfer information
o Ask follow-up questions to keep a
conversation going

o Use Could vou . . . ? to make a Listening Skills Texts Task

polite request . Listen to take notes o Menus . Write a short article about food for
o Use Sure to agree to a request . Listen to predict o A nutrition website a travel blog
. Clarify a request by asking for o lnfer the location of a conversation . A photo story
more specific information
. lndicate a sudden thought
Pronunciation
o The before consonant and vowel
Skills/strategies
.
o Connecting words and ideas: and
with Actuallv lnterpret a map or in addition
. Use l'll have to order from
sounds o Understand from context
a server . lnfer information
o lncrease politeness with olease

o Use Hev or How's it goingfor an Listening Skills Texts Task

informal greeting o lnfer meaning . Newspaperadvertisements . Write a review of a product
o Use What about . . . ? to offer o Listen to predict o An online review for a product
a suggestion . Listen for details . A photo story
. Use Eealb/? to indicate surprise o Listen to classify
o Placement of adjectives: before
. Use You knowto introduce a topic Skills/strategies
o Understand from context
nouns and after the verb be
. Express sympathy when someone
Pronunciation
. lntonation of questions .
is frustrated Activate language from a text

v
Joqn Sqslow
Joon Sqslow hos tought in o voriety of progroms in South Americq ond the United Stotes. She is quthor or coouthor
of q number of widely used courses, some of which ore Reody lo Go, Workploce PIus, Lilerocy Plus, ond Summif. She
is qlso quthor of English inConlext, q series for reoding science ond technology.Ms.soslow wqs the series director
of True Colors qnd lrue Voices. She hos porticipoted in the English Longuoge Speciolist Progrom in the
U.S. Deportment of Stote's Burequ of Educotionql ond Culturol Affoirs.

Allen Ascher
Allen Ascher hqs been q teqcher qnd teocher lrqiner in Chino qnd the United Stotes, os well qs qcqdemic director
of the intensive English progrqm qt Hunter College. Mr. Ascher hos qlso been on ELT publisher qnd wos responsible
for publicotion qnd exponsion of numerous well-known courses including lrue Colors, Norfhsfor, the longmon TOEFL
Preporolion Series, qnd the Longmon Acodemic Writing Series. He is coquthor of Summif. ond he wrote the "Teoching
Speoking" module of Ieocher Developmenf lnferocfive, qn online multimedio leocher-trqining progrom.
Ms. Soslow ond Mr. Ascher ore frequent presenters ot professionql conferences ond hove been coouthoring courses
for teens, odults, ond young odults since 2OO2.

AUTHORS'ACKNO I.EDGMENTS
The outhors ore indebted to ftese reviewers, who provided extensive ond detoiled feedbock ond suggestions for
Iop Nofch, qs well qs the hundreds of teqchers who completed surveys ond porticipoted in focus groups.

Monuel Wilson Alvorodo Miles, Quiro, Ecuodor. P6rrogo, Guoyoquil, Ecuodor . Oclovio Gorduffo de M6xico, Mexico . Wohreno Elizobeth Pfeister,
Shirley Ando, Otemoe Unirersiry, Hyogo, Jopon. Ruiz, Business Troining Consultont, Mexico CitT University of Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Koreo .
Vonessq de Androde, CCBEU lnter Americonq Mexico . Rolph Groyson, ldiomos Cot6lico, [imo, Woyne Allen Pfeisler, Universiry of Suwon,
Curitibo, Brozil . Miguel Arrozolo, CBA, Sonto Peru. Murol Guhekin, Foiih Universiry, lstonbul, Gyeonggi-Do, South Koreo. Andreo Rebonqlo,
Cruz, Bolivio . Mork Borto, Proficiency School Turkey . Oswoldo Guli6rrez, PROULEX, CCBEU lnter Americono, Curitibo, Brozil . Thomos
of English, 56o Poulq Brozil . Edwin Bello, Guodoloioro, Mexico . Ayoko Hoshinishi, Robb, Kyoto Songyo Unirersity. Kyoto, Jopon .
PROULEX, Guodoloiora, Mexico . Mory Blum, Otemoe Unirersity, Hyogq Jopon. Almo Loreno Mehron 5obel, Seigokuin Unirersity, Soiromo-
CBA, Cochobombo. Bolivio . Morio Elizobelh Hernrindez de Armos, CALUSAC, Guotemolo ken, Jopon . Moiid Sofodoron Mosozodeh,
Boccio, Proficiency School of English, 56o Poulo, City, Guotemolo . Kent Hill, Seigokuin University, ICPNA Chicloyo, Peru . Timolhy Somuelson,
Brozil . Pqmelo Crislinq Borio Bolt6n, euho, Soitomo-ken, Jopon . Koyoko Hiroo, Nichii BridgeEnglish, Denver, USA . H6ctor S6nchez,
Ecuodor . Elionq Ancbel L. Buccio, AA^|CANA Gokkon Compony, COCO Juku, Jopon . Jesse PROUtEX. Guodoloioro, Mexico . M6nico
Mendozo, Argentino . Jos6 Humberto Colder5n Huong, Notionol Centrol Unirersity, Tooyuon, Alexqndro S6nchez Escolonle, Quiiq Ecuodor .
Dicz, CALUSAG Guotemolo Cii, Guotemolo . Toiwon . Eric Chorles Jones, Seoul Unirersiry of Jorge Mouricio S6nchez Montqlvrin, euito,
Mqrio Tereso Cclienes Csirke, ldiomos Cor6lico, Technology, Seoul, South Koreo . Jun-Chen Kuo, Universidod Politecnico Solesiono (UPS). Ecuodor.
Limo. Peru . Esther Mqrio Corbo Moroles, euito. Toien Unirersity, Pingtung , Toiwon .Suson Krieger, Leticio Sonlos, ICBEU lbi6, Brozil . Eleno 5opp,
Ecuodor . Jorge Woshinglon Ctirdenos Costillo, Embossy CES, Son Froncisco, USA. Anq Morio de INTO Oregon Stote Unirersiry Corvollis, USA .
Quitq Ecuodor . Er6ndiro Yodirc Correro Gorcio, lc Torre Ugorle, ICPNA Chicloyq Peru . Roberl Sheridqn, Otemoe Unirersity, Hyogo,
UVM Chopultepec, Mexico City, Mexico. Vivione Erih Lemoislre, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Jopon . John Eric Shermon, Hong lk Universiry,
de Crissio Sontos Corlini, Specirum Line, pouso South Koreo . Eleqnor 5. Leu, Soochow University, Seoul, South Koreo . Brooks Sloybough, Asio
Alegre, Brozil . Cenlro Colombo Americono, Toipei, Toiwon . Yihui [i (Stello [i), Fooyin Unirersity, Tokyq Jopon . Jo6o Vilor Soores,
Bogoto, Colombio . Guven Ciflci, Fotih University, Unirersii; Koohsiung, Tqiwon . Chin-Fon [in, Shih NACC, 56o Poulq Brozil . Silvio Solores, CBA,
lstonbul, Turkey . Diego Cisneros, CBA, Toriio, Hsin Unirersity, Toipei, Toiwon . Lindo Lin, Totung Sucre, Bolivio . Choyowcn Sonchceng, Delowore
Bolivio . Poul Crook, Meisei Unirersiry, Tokyo. lnsiituie of Technology. Toiwon . Krislen lindblom, County Community College, Medio, PA. Morio
Jopon . Aleiondro Dioz Loo, El Culturol. Arequipo, Embossy CEg Son Froncisco, USA. Potricio Dovid Julio Surirez, CBA, Cochobombo, Bolivio . Elenc
Peru . Jes0s G. Diqz Osio, Florido Norionol L6pez Logocho, Quito. Ecuodor. Diego L5pez Sudokovo, English Longuoge Center, Kiev Ukroine .
College, Miomi. USA. Morio Eid Cenevivo, CBA, Tosoro, ldiomos Cor6lico, Limo, Peru . Neil Richard Swingle, Konsoi Goidoi College, Osoko,
Bolivio . Amclio Elviro Rodriguez Espinozo Mocleod, Konsoi Goidoi Unirersiry, Osoko, Jopon . Jopon. Blonco Luz Terrozqs Zqmoro, ICPNA
De Los Monteros, Guoyoquil, Ecuodor . Morio Adrionq Morc6s, ldiomos Cot6lico, Limo, Peru . Cuscq Peru . Sondrine Ting, St. John's Unirersity,
Argelic Estrodo V6squez, CALUSAC, Guoremolo Robyn McMurroy, Puson Notionol Universiry, Buson, New Toipei City, Toiwon . Christion Juqn Torres
Cit, Guotemolo . John Fieldeldy, College of South Koreo . Poulo Medino, London Longuoge Medino, Guoyoquil. Ecuodor. Roquel Torrico,
Engineering, Nihon Unirersity, Aizuwokomotsu-shi, lnstiiute, Londonf Conodo . Juon Corlos Muioz, CBA, Sucrq Bolivio . Jessico Ueno, Otemoe
Jopon. Morleni Humbelino Flores Urizor, Americon School Woy, Bogoto, Colombio . Noriko Unirersity, Hyogq Jopon . Ximeno Vocoflor C.,
CALUSAC, Guotemolo City, Guotemolo . Gonzolo Mori, Otemoe Unirersity, Hyogq Jopon . Adri6n CBA, Toriio, Bolivio . Ren6 Vqldivio Pereiro, CBA,
Forlune, CBA, Sucre, Bolivio . Andreo Fredricks, Eslebon Norvriez Pocheco, Cuenco, Ecuodor. Sonto Cruz, Bolivio . Solonge Lopes Vinogre
Embossy CES, Son Froncisco, USA . lrmq Gollegos Tim Newfields, Tokyo Unircrsity Foculry of Coslor SENAQ 56o Poulo, Brozil . Mogno
Pekiez, UVM Tlolpon, Mexico Ciry Mexico . Economics, Tokyo, Jopon . Ano Crislino Ochoo, Aleiondro Vivor Hurlodo, Cuenco, Ecuodor.
Alberto Gomorrc, CBA, Sonro Cu, Bolivio . CCBEU lnter Americono, Curitibo, Brozil . Tonio Dr. Wen-hsien Yong, Notionol Koohsiung
Morio Amporo Gorcio Peio, ICPNA Cuscg peru. Elizqbeth Orlego Sonlocruz, Cuenco, Ecuodor . Hospiiolity College, Koohsiung, Toiwon . Juon
Amondo Gillis-Furutoko, Kyoro Songyo Unirersity, Morlhq Potricio P6ez, Quito. Ecuodor. Morio de Z6tole, El Culturo l, Arequipo, Peru
Kyoto, Jopon. Morlho Angelino Gonzrilez Lourdes P5rez Voldespino, Uniwrsidod del Volle

lil
 . Plan an activitywith someone . Physical activities o Can and have to
o Talk about habitual activities and o Places for spods and exercise . The present continuous and the simple
future plans . Frequency adverbs present tense: Review
. Discuss fitness and eating habits
o Describe your routines
Staying in . Can and have to: form and common errors
. Can and have to: information questions
. Can and be able to: present and past forms
o The simple present tense: non-action verbs
o The simple present tense: placement of
frequency adverbs
o Time expressions

. Greet someone arriving from a trip . Adjectives to describe trips . The past tense of be: Review
o Ask about someone's vacation o lntensifiers . Contractions
o Discuss vacation preferences o Decline and accept help o The simple pasttense: Review
r Describe good and bad vacation . Adjectives for vacations . Regular and irtegular verb forms
expenences o Bad and good travel experiences

o The past tense of be: form

o The simple past tense: spelling rules for
regular verbs
. The simple past tense: usage and form

. Shop and pay for clothes o Clothes and clothing departments o Uses of object pronouns
r Ask for a different size or color . Types of clothing and shoes r Subiect and oblect pronouns
e Navigate a mall or depadment o Formal clothes . Comparative adjectives
store o Clothingthat comes in "pairs"
Shopping for
. Discuss clothing do's and don'ts . Store departments
. . Direct objects: usage
Clothes .
Clothing sizes
. lndirect objects: usage rules and common errors
lnterior store locations and
PAGE 86 directions
. Comparative adjectives: spelling rules
o Prepositions of interior location
o Formality and appropriateness
in clothing

o Discuss schedules and buy tickets o Kinds of tickets and trips . Modals should and could
. Book travel services . Ways to express disappointment o Be going to + base form to express the future:
o Understand airport announcements . Travel services Review
. Describetransportation problems o Airline passenger information
o Some flight problems o Modals can, could, and should: meaning, form,
nsportation
. Transportation problems and common errors
. Means of transportation . Expansion: future actions

. Ask for a recommendation o Financial terms . Superlative adjectives

o Bargain for a lower price . How to bargain o lrregular forms
o Discuss showing appreciation . How to describe good and o Too and enouqh
for service bad deals
. Describe where to getthe best
deals o Comparative and superlative adjectives: usage
and form
. lntensifiers verv, really, and too

Countriesandnationalities/Non-countnouns/lnegularverbs...... .....page122
Grammar Booster. page 123
Writing Booster. .page142
Top Notch Pop Lyrics ...... page 149
Pronunciation Table ...... page 151

vl
. Use Whv don't we . . . to ? Listening Skills Texts Task
suggest an activity . Listen to activate grammar o A bar graph o Write about one's exercise and
. Say Sorrv, I can'tto apologize for o Lr'stenfor main ideas . A fitness suryey health habits
turning down an invitation r Listen for details . A magazine article
. Provide a reason with have to to . Apply and personalize information . A photo story
decline an invitation o Punctuation of statements and
o Use Well, how about . . . ? to Pronunciation Skills/straiegies questions
suggest an alternative
o Can / can't o lnterpret a bar graph
. Use How come? to ask for a
o Third-person singular -s: Review o lnfer information
reason . Summarize
. Use a negative question to
confirm information

. Say Welcome back! to indicate Listening Skills Texts Task

enthusiasm about someone's . Listen for main ideas . Travel brochures Write a guided essay about a vacation
return from a trip . Listen for details . Personal travel stories
o Acknowledge someone's interest . lnfer meaning o A vacation survey
with Actuallv . A photo story
. Time order
. Decline an offer of assistance Pronunciation
r The simple past tense ending:
with lt's 0K. I'm fine. Skills/strategies
. Confirm that an offer is declined
Regular verbs . Activate language from a text
with Are vou sure? o ldentify supporting details
o Use Absolutelv to confirm a . Support an opinion
response o Draw conclusions
o Show enthusiasm with No
kiddine! and Tell me more.

. Use Excuse me to indicate you Listening Skills Texts Task

didn't understand or couldn't o lnfer the appropriate location . An online clothing catalogue . Write a letter or e-mail explaining
hear . Understand locations and directions o Simple and complex diagrams what clothes to pack
o Use Excuse me to begin a and plans
conversation with a clerk Pronunciation
. o A travel article
o Follow a question with more
Contrastive stress for clarification
. A personal opinion survey
r Connecting ideas with because
information for clarification
o
. A photo story
and since
Acknowledge someone's
assistance with Thanks for vour Skills/strategies
help . ldentify supporting details
. Respond to gratitude with . Paraphrase
Nly oleasure . Apply information

o Use I'm sorrvto respond with Listening Skills Texts Task

disappointing information . lnferthe type of travel service r Transportation schedules . Write about two different trips, one
. Use Well to introduce an o Understand public announcements . Public transportation tickets past trip and one future trip
alternative e Listen for details . Arrival and departure boards
o Use I hooe so to politely respond o Use reasoning to evaluate . Magazine and newspaper articles
to an offer of help statements of fact . . The paragraph
A photo story
o Use Let me check to buy time to
get information Pronunciation Skills/strategies
o lntonation for offering alternatives . Make decisions based on
schedules and needs
. Critical thinking

o Use Well to connect an answerto Listening Skills Texts Task

an earlier question . Listen for key details o A travel guide . Write a guide to your city, including
o Use How about. . . ? to make a . Listen for main ideas o Product ads information on where to stay, visit,
financial offer o Listen for details . A magazine article
and shop
. Use 0K to indicate that an o Personal travel stories
agreement has been reached Pronunciation
. Rising intonation for clarification . A photo story o Connecting contradictory ideas:
Skills/strategies even though, however, on the
. Classify information other hand
o Draw conclusions
o Apply information

vil
 T

The gool of Top Nolch is to moke English unforgettoble through:

. Multiple exposures to new longuoge
. Numerous opportunities to proctice il
. Deliberote ond intensive recycling
The lop Nolcfi course hqs two beginning levels-Iop Nolch Fundomenlols
for true beginners ond lop Nolcfi I for fqlse beginners. Iop Nofch is
benchmorked to the Globol Scole of English ond is lightly correloted to fte
Cqn-do Stqtements of the Common Europeon Fromework of Reference.

Eqch full level of lop Nolcfi contoins moteriol for 60-90 hours of
clossroom instruction. ln oddition, the entire course con be toilored to
blended leorning with on infegroted online component, MyEnglishl'ob.
nrw This third edition of lop Notch includes these new feotures:
Extrq Grqmmqr Exercises, digitol full-color Vocobulory Flosh Cords,
Conversotion Aciivqtor videos, ond Pronunciotion Cooch videos.
* Summit I ond Summit 2 ore the titles of the 5th qnd 6th levels of the lop Nolcfi course.

Doily confirmotion of progress Linguistic ond culturol fluency

Eoch eosy-to-follow lwo-pdge lesson begins with o cleorly Iop Nolch equips students to inlerqct with people from
stqted procticol communicotion gool closely oligned to the difterent longuoge bockgrounds by including outhentic
Common Europeon Fromework's Con-do Stotements. All qccents on lhe oudio. Conversqlion Models, Photo Stories,
octivities ore integroted with the gool, giving vocobulory qnd culturql fluency octivities prepore students for sociql
ond grommor meoning ond purpose. Now You Con interoctions in English with people from unfomilior cultures.
octivities ensure thot sludents ochieve eoch gool ond
confirm their progress in every closs session. Active listening syllobus
All Vocobulory presentotions, Pronunciotion presentotions,
Explicit vocobulory ond grornmar Conversotion Models, Photo Stories, Listening
Cleor coptioned piciure-dictionory illustrotions with Comprehension exercises, ond Reodings ore recorded on
occomponying oudio toke lhe guesswork out of meoning the oudio to help students develop good pronunciolion,
ond pronunciotion. Grommor presentolions conloining intonotion, ond ouditory memory. ln oddition,
both rules ond exomples clorify form, meoning, ond use. opproximotely fifty corefully developed lislening tosks
The unique Recycle lhis longuoge feoture continuolly puts ot eoch level of lop f.lolch develop cruciol listening
known words ond grommor in front of studenls' eyes os comprehension skills such os listen for detoils, listen for
lhey communicote, to moke sure longuoge remqins octive. moin ideos, listen to octivote vocobulorn listen to octivote
grommor, ond listen to confirm informotion.
High-frequency sociol longuoge
Twenty memoroble conversotion models provide oppeoling
noturol sociol longuoge ihot students con corry "in their
pockets" for use in reql life. Rigorous controlled ond free
discussion octivities systemoticolly stimulote recycling of
sociol longuoge, ensuring lhot it's not forgotten. We wish you ond your studenls enioymenl
ond success witfi lop Nolch l.
* Iop Notch
We wrote il for you.
is the recipient of the Associotion of
Educotionol Publishers' Drctinguished Achievemenl Aword. Joon Soslow ond Allen Ascher
viii
 co
Moximize the impoct of your lop Notch lessons. This digitol lool provides qn interqctive
clqssroom experience thot cqn be used with or without on interqctive whiteboord (lWB).
It includes o full orroy of digitol ond printoble feqtures.
For closs presenlotion . Forplonning...
NEW Conversotion 'A Mefhods Hondbook for o
Activotor videos: increose communicotive clossroom
students' confidence in orol . Detoiled timed lesson plons for
communicotion eoch two-poge lesson

NEW Pronunciqtion Cooch ' Iop Nofch fV teoching notes

videos: focilitote cleor ond 'Complete onswer keys, oudio
flueni orol expression .+t. scripts, ond video scripts

NEw Extro Grommor For extrq support . . ,

Exercises: ensure mostery . Hundreds of extro printoble

of grommor octivities, with teoching notes
NEw Digitol Full-Color Vocobulory 'Iop Nofch Pop longuoge exercises
Flosh Cords: occelerote relention of ' Iop Nofch fV octivily worksheets
new vocobulory
For qssessment . ..
@ 'Reody-mode unit ond review
. Clickoble Audio: instont qccess to the complete qchievement tests with options
clossroom oudio progrom to edit, odd, or delete iiems.
. Iop Nofch fV Video Progrom: q hilorious
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An optionol online leorning tool Lesson-by-lesson

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Read/nE Fa'ri y adv .e (al!m,r Student's Book

I
'A set of Audio CDs, qs qn olternotive to the clickoble
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idrr!,Ldknr {0e ii4e{N rfk d

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For more informolion: ,*'df i/.peorsonelf.comf t nofch3e tx

 '1
fu'tleet someone new.
2 ldentify and describe people.
3 Provide personal information.
4 lntroduce someone to a group.

I
l:,

:4,

!t

Please complete the fonn'

Title: Mr' i'' Mrs'

FirsVGiven Name

PAIR WORK Why are you learning English? Compare reasons with a partner.

CLASS SURVEY How many students in your class are studying English . . .

for business? ......... for their studies? (other reasons)

for travel? ......... to get to know people?
2 UNIT 1
C PHOTO STORY Read and listen to people getting acquainted.

Sam: And jy:! Sg!t.ng 5am. So, what Ted: Sorry l'm late.
do you do, Suzy? Susan: Ted, lfrjl is Cara's dad.
Susan: l'm a photographer. . . Oh, Ted:Oh,.r'.qW.li.cSlq.ngS!,
l'm sorry. There's my husband . . . Mr. Pikel
Ted, over here! Sam: Likewise. But p.lease call. me
Sam.

D FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Look at the underlined expressions in the Formal titles

Photo Story. With a partner, find: Men Women
Mr. Ms. (married or single)
1 two ways to introduce people. Mrs. (marriedl
Miss (singte)
2 three ways to greet new people.
with famity names,
3 three ways to tell others they can be informal. Y^..._ltl.:
not given names
Ms. Grant NOT
Marital status
marrieo = 6f singte =
SPEAKING
A Complete your response to each person. Write the correct formal titles.

Cood to meet you, too, ...................... !

(Mr. Marc / Mr. Anthony / Ms. Anthony)

ROLE PLAY lmagine your partner is a famous person. d+4 l'd like you to meet Bradley Cooper. I

lntroduce your partner to the class. Use formal titles. tt 4"":::is an actor.
UNIT 1 3
 CONVERS ION MODEL
A Read and listen to people
meeting someone new.
A: Who's that?
B: Over there? I think she's new.
A: Well, let's say hello.

B Good morning. l'm Alex,

and this is Lauren.
c Hi. My namet Kathryn Gao.
But everyone calls me Kate.
A Greatto meetyou, Kate.
Where are you from?
c New York.

RHYTHM AND INTONATION

Listen again and repeat. Then
practice the Conversation
Model with a partner.

GRAMMAR lnformation questions with be: Review

Contractions
Who's Ms. Nieto? She's my teacher. Who's = Who is I'm = lam you're = you are
Who are they? They're my classmates. Where's = Where is he's = he is we're = we are
What's = What is she's = she is they're = they are
Where's she from? She's from Seoul, Korea. it's = it is
What city are you from? We're from Los Angeles.
What's your occupation? I'm an engineer.
Vt/hat's his e-mail address? It's ted@kr.com [say "ted at k-r-dot-com"].
What are their names? Andrea and Steven. p.123
How old is your brother? He's twenty-six. lnformation questions with be:
How old are they? She's twelve, and her little sister is eight. usage and form
Possessive nouns and adjectives

A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the conversations. Use contractions of

the verb be when possible.
1 A: ................. that over there? 2 A: Your new neighbor's good-looking!
B: Oh, thatt Hasna . from Lebanon. ... his name?
A: .............. she? She looks very young. B: His name's Francisco.
B: I think twenty-five. A: ..................... hefrom?
B: El Salvador.

4 UNIT 1
 3A: ... they? 5A: l'll callyou sometime. ................ your
B: I think new students. phone number?
A: ... their names? B: 555-0296. yours?
B: Evan and Kim. A: 555-8747.

4A: It was nice to meet your brothers. 6A: your e-mail address?
....... they? l'll send you a note.
B: Greg's only fourteen. But my older brother, B: choi23@kr.com.
David, is twenty-eight. A: K - r - dot - com? That's interesting.
A: David's occupation? ....... you from?
B: a lawyer. B: Busan, Korea. l'm here on business.

B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Write at least four information questions for your partner.
Begin each question with a capital letter and end with a question mark.

W.bqlt rl!.cte N-y!.-er]- -

C PAIR WORK Now ask your questions, and answer your partner's questions.

Meet someone new

EA
m" CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With two partners, personalize the
Conversation Model. lmagine one of you is new to your school,
office, or neighborhood. Meet that person. Then change roles.
A: Who ......... ?
B: Overthere? lthink new.
A: Well, let's say hello.

C: ......... . My name's
A: ......... . where areyou from? 00ll'TST0P!
Ask more questions.
What city are you from?
What's your occupation?
Who's your teacher?

lntroduce people Greet new people Shift to informality

This is Great to meet you. Everyone calls me _.
l'd like you to meet _. How nice to meet you! Please call me
It's a pleasure to meet you. Just call me

B CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation again.

Meet other people.

UNIT 1 5
 GRAMMAR Modification with adjectives: Review
Positive adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. They can go after the verb be or before a noun. beautiful handsome
Usain Bolt is terrific. He's a terrific athlete from Jamaica. famous terrific
Tony Leung and Gong Li are famous, They're famous actors from China. They're fantastic wonderful
great
wonderful.
Use an article before an adjective that modifies a singular noun.
He's a great musician. NOT

A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Combine each pair of sentences.

1 Chris Pine is an actorfrom the U.S. He's handsome.

Chris Pine i e actor from lhe U.S.
2 Emeli Sandd is a singerfrom the U.K. She's fantastic.
3 Cheng Fei and Yao Jinnan are athletes from China.
They're terrific.
4 Sebasti6o Salgado is a photographer from Brazil.
He's great.
5 Alice Munro is a writer from Canada. She's famous.

r*B
MORE
Now write three sentences about other famous people.
EXERCISES Use an adjective before a noun.

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to someone identify
and describe a person.
A: Hey. Who's Lucia Micarelli?
B: You don't know? For real?
A: No. ls she famous?
B: She sure is. She's a great musician.
A: Wheret she from?
B: The United States.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen

again and repeat. Then practice the
Conversation Model with a partner.

GRAMMAR Yes / no questions and short answers with be: Review

Be careful!
Are you our teacher? Yes, lam. No, I'm not.
Yes, lam. NOT
ls she Chinese? Yes, she is. No, she isn't. [No, she's not.] Yes, she is. NOT
ls your nickname Josh? Yes, it is. No, it isn't. [No, it's not.]
Are you and Tom students? Yes, we are. No, we aren't. [No, we're not.]
Are they famous? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. [No, they're not.] p.124
. Verb be: usage and form
o Short answers with be:
common errors

6 UNIT 1
 FIND THE GRAMMAR Find and underline two information questions and one
ye! / !9 question with be in the Conversation Model on page 6.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the questions and answers. Use contractions when possible.
1 A: ................. your father a teacher? 4 A: Who those new students?
B: Yes, .. from Canada?
2 A: ................. yourson an athlete?
B: No, I think
from the U.K.
B: No, ...... an artist.
5A: That t a nice hat! ................. new?
tifiliIrl 3 A: ................. this your new address? B: No,
VORE
tBF lsEs B: Yes,
6A: you a musician?
B: Yes, ........... ......... a violinist.

Emn
VIDEO
]OACH
PRONUNCI ION lntonation of questions
A Use rising intonation in yg5 / no questions. Use falling intonation in information
questions. Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Yes / no questions lnformation questions
_-__-, ----\
ls she an architect? What's her occupation?
Are they from Canada? Where are they ?

PAIR WORK Write three ye! / !S questions and three information questions with be.
Begin each question with a capital letter and end with a question mark. Then take
turns practicing question intonation.

about a famous person you know.

ffi B CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner,

change the Conversation Model. Practice
identifying and describing famous people. Use
an adjective from the Grammar on page 5.
Then change roles.
A: Hey. Who's ......... ?
B: You don't know? For real?
A: No. ls ......... famous?
B: ......... sure is. .........'s a .........
A: Where ......... from?
B: ......... .

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the

conversation again. Talk about
otherfamous people. Use other
adjectives.

UNIT 1 7
 Provide personal information

BEFORE YOU LI EN
[ilLrilll
FLASH
CARDS
A VOCABULARY c Personal information
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

nationality He's originally from lndia, but his nationality is

Canadian. He has a Canadian passport.
birthplace l'm from Mexico City, but it isn't my birthplace.
I was born in a beautiful small town called Patzcuaro.
!:: furr t22for a more comptete tist.
hometown She was born in Seoul, but her hometown is Busan.
She grew up there.

B PAIR WORK Ask your partner questions, using the Vocabulary.

LISTEN I NG COM PREH ENSION

A LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to each conversation and write each person's nationality
and occupation. Then check yg5 or no to indicate whether the person has a nickname.

B LISTEN T0 INFER Now listen to each conversation again and

complete each statement.
1 He grew up in .... . . She's originally from
a Ankara b London c lzmir a Buenos Aires b Montevideo c Santiago
2 Her birthplace is ...... . His hometown is ...... .
a Osaka b Tokyo c Seoul a Chicago b Toronto c New York

8 UNIT 1
 Provide personal information

INFORMATION GAP
Partner A: Look at the top of the page.
Partner B: Turn your book and look at the bottom of the page.
Ask information questions with be and write the missing
personal information.
lf you don't understand,
ask:
Could you repeat that?
How do you spell that?

usallql :fi;;euogleN
" " :uoglednrrg
oleS :euleull!N
uoslrM olJaqlv :aueN

lleql llads no{ op mog

21eq1 leader no{ plno3
:Ise'puelsJspun
1,uop no{ I
UNIT 1
 lntroduce someone to a group

BEFORE YOU READ

A WARM-UP ln your life, where do you see or hear English?

B PREVIEW Before you read, search for the word English in the article. Then answer
this question: How does each person use English?

READING

THIS lS MITSUHIKO TANAKA/ a computer programmer at an

international publishing company in Japan. He is originally from
Sendai, but he works at his company's offices in Tokyo now, where
he lives with his wife, Tomiko, and their young son, Hiro. ,,English
is very important in our work. We use it to communicate with
colleagues who speak many different languages at our offices all
over the world," says Mr. Tanaka. "We also get visitors several times
each year, so we use English for our meetings." At home, Mr. Tanaka
gets new ideas about computing from websites in English on the
lnternet. He also uses his English in social mediato keep in touch
with friends all over the world.

MIET LETICIA MARQIJES. She works as a financial manager for

a Swedish automotive company in Curitiba, Brazil, where she
was born and raised. She is single and lives with her parents.
"l use English every day," Ms. Marques says. ,,We use it in most of
our e-mails and meetings and for calls to Sweden, the U.S., and
France." ln her free time, she likes to watch movies in English.
"lt's good for my pronunciation," she says.

THIS lS HAMZA |TANl, an executive assistant at a four-star hotel in

Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. Mr. ltani lives in Dubai now, but
his hometown is the city of Beirut, in Lebanon. At his job in Dubai,
he uses English every day. Business travelers and tourists from
many different countries stay at the hotel, and English is the most
common language they communicate in. ,,Sometimes our guests
need a tour guide, and, if l'm not too busy, I use the opportunity
to practice my English." When he's not at work. Mr. ltani enjoys
watching English-language TV. "lt helps me a lot!,,he says. Mr. ltani
is married and has a one-vear-old son.

Source: Authentic interviews of real people

10 uNtT 1
 INFER INFORMATION Check all possible answers, B SCAN FOR FACTS Complete the information
according to the article. about the people.
1 Mr. Tanaka uses English . . .
E to teach classes. E to watch TV.
n with colleagues. n to use the lnternet.
2 Ms. Marques uses English at work . . .
n in e-mails. ! in international
phone calls.
! in meetings. n in phone calls to
other cities in Brazil.
3 Mr. ltani probably uses English with hotelguests
from...
n Canada. n Lebanon.
TORE
nc$Es n Brazil. n China.

lntroduce someone to a group

'a iitilt l r?i: :|uiitlilt)!t!:a:r :: ,: : '

A Read the information about each person. ifren complete the two introductions.

NOTEPADDING lnterview a classmate. Write his or GROUP WORK lntroduce your partner to your
her personal information on the notepad. classmates. Use the introductions in Exercise A
for support.

I'd like you to meet _.

_.
Everyone calls [him / her]
_.
[His / Her] nickname is
_.
[His / Her] hometown is
[His / Her] favorite_ _.
is

Text-mining (optional)
Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading
that were new to you. Use them in your Group Work.
For example: "is originally from."

UNIT 1 11
 Listen to the conversations. Then listen again and write each
person's occupation and nationality.

Complete each statement. Circle the correct word.

1 We're from (China / Chinese). 5 We're from (Japan / Japanese).
2 He's (Australia / Australian). 6 They're (Chile / Chilean).
3 She'sfrom (ltaly / ltalian). 7 My neighbors are from (Korea / Korean).
4 Myfriend is (Uruguay / Uruguayan). 8 We're (Mexico / Mexican).

Complete each conversation in your own way. (You don't need to give real information.)
'l "what city are you from?"

2 "What's your e-mail address?"

3 "Are you a teacher?"

"t't frot l.;;;;i;

"l'm a graphic designer."

6
"Great to meet you, too."

WRITING
Write a short description of the classmate you interviewed on page 11 .

lnclude the following information.

first and last name
age
. occupation
. hometown p.142
. birthplace . Capitalization q .
. favorite actor / sport
. Guidance for this writing exercise J:T0PllfiCll Lyrics p. 14e
"lt's Nice to Meet You"

12 UNIT 1
ORAL R IEW
CONTEST Form teams. Create questions for another
team about Will Smith, using the verb be. (A team
gets one point for each correct question and one l/Do is the rcal Wiil Smith?
point for each correct answer.) For example: Biography
Whaf's hjs nickna-e? real name: Willard Christopher Smith, Jr.
occupationl singer and actor
PAIR WORK marital status: married
1 Create a conversation for the people in birth date: September25, 1968
Picture 1. Start like this: birthplace: Philadelphia, U.S.

Who's W;ll Smith? 0ther information

favorite colors: red and black
2 With a partner, invent personal information favorite food: sweets
for the people in Picture 2. Then create favorite actor: Harrison Ford
a conversation.

n Meet someone new.

n ldentify and describe people.
n Provide personal information.
n lntroduce someone to a group.

13
 1 Accept or decline an invitation.
2 Express locations and give directions.
3 Make plans to see an event.
4 Talk about musical tastes.

My Tunes STORE

GENRES
Rock / Pop
Hip-Hop
Jazz
Salsa
Rhythm & Blues
Classical
Movie Soundtracks
Folk
Show Tunes

DOWNLOADS
Albums
Singles / Songs
Music Videos

FEATURES
Share
Free MP3s Salsa

QUrCK LTNKS
Redeem
Support
My Alerts
My Account

Do you download a lot of music from the lnternet? PAIR WORK Which genres of music do you like?
Why or why not? Are there genres that you hate? Tell your partner.

rrlrdi7rfl Fl
rLnst - VOCABULARY r Genres Look atthe web page. DISCUSSION When you download music from the
CARDS
Then listen and repeat. lnternet, do you buy single songs or whole albums?
Explain your answer.

14 UNIT 2
E PHOTO STORY Read and listen to a conversation about music.

Meg: Hey. W F. tp.Z Meg: Klepto's playing at midnight Meg: fect! Meet you in front of
Sara: Not much. Just downloading at the Spot. Would you like to go? the club al7:45?
some new songs. Sara: At midnight? Sorry. That's Sara: See you therel
Meg: Downloading? 's notfor p.a.s.t. psi.tlr.e.
me! Too m uch trou blel' Hbr,i'itiout Meg: Well, River T's there, too.
i6me live.my:ic tonight? They're playing at 8:00.
Sara: Sounds good. Where? Sara: RiverT-the R & B group?
Now thatt. re my style. l'm a
realR&Bfan.

F FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Find and write an underlined word or expression from the Photo Story with
the same meaning:
1 That's too late for me. 4 What are you doing?
2 Great! 5 I like that better. ......
3 music in a concert 6 I don't like that.
that. ....

G THINK AND EXPLAIN Choose an answer. Use a quotation to explain your answer.
1 Whatt Sara doing? 3 Which woman doesn't like to go to sleep late?
a getting music 6# Sara says, 'Just downloading a
' some new songs.' p f, Sara
from the lnternet b Meg
b buying tickets for a concert on the lnternet 4 When and where are they going to meet?
2 What does Meg want to do? a at midnight at River T
a download music from the lnternet b at the club before the show
b go to a concert

SPEAKING
CLASS SURVEY What kinds of music do you like? Number the genres in order, making
number 1 your favorite. Then survey the class. Which are the most popular genres in your class?
classical music le77 ............. salsa
folk music R&B show tunes
hip-hop rock / pop ..-.......... other
movie soundtracks
d € Who chose hip-fmp as their favorite? F an electric guitar
UNIT 2 15
 Accept or decline an invitation

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to an invitation to a movie.

A: Are you free on Saturday? The Pilots is at the

Movie Center. Would you like to go?
B The Pilots? l'd love to go. What time?

A At noon.
B Great! See you there.

Todecline...
B: Sorry. l'd love to go, but l'm busy on Saturday.
A: Too bad. Maybe some other time.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATTON Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

GRAMMAR Prepositions of time and place; Questions with

When, What time. and Where: Review
Contractions
Prepositions of time When's = When is
What time's = What time is
When's the conced? What time's the game? lt's . . .
Where's = Where
on in at
is

on Saturday in March at 8:30

on June 7th in 2016 at midnight Be careful!
on the 7th in the summer at noon Don't contract are with When,
on Monday, May 3'd in the morning What time, or W-here.
on Tuesday morning in ten minutes Where are your parents?
NOT your parents?
Prepositions of place
Where's the movie? lt's . . .
on tn at
on Fifth Avenue in Mexico at the Film Forum
on the corner in Tokyo p. L25
at work
on the street in the park at school r Prepositions of time and
on the left in the neighborhood place: usage rules
at the art gallery . Would like for preference:
review and expansion

GRAMMAR PRAcrlcE Complete the message with prepositions of time and place.

Hi, Bonnie: Are you busy ................. Tuesday evening?

There's a salsa concert your neighborhood,
right near your office the Mellon Theater.
Sounds like something really special with dancers
from all over the world. lt starts g:30. l,ll
be ........,........ work until 6:00, but I could meet you
6:15 or 6:30 in front of the theater. We could
have something to eat before the concert. What do
you think? -LC

16 UNIT 2
rariilll
LASH VOCABULARY Entertainment and cultural eyents
ARDS

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

BTUES EXPTOEION

IILJYI fORUM

IBRAD MCFEE
J AUTHOR OF
ITRAVETINC
i ATONE'

AT
l5:30

a movie / afilm a play a concert atalk/alecture an art exhibit

PAIR WORK Ask and answer questions about the events d

d Where's the talk? FF
in the pictures above. Use When, Where, and What time.
$d lt's at Book World. lF
LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to the conversations.
Match the event and the place.
.........1 Agomemnon a at the Cinema Center
.........2 the Boston Symphony Orchestra b at the City Nights Bookstore
.........3 Bus Stop c at the Theater in the Circle
.........4 Nick Hornby d at the Festival

D LISTEN TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS Listen to the conversations again. Complete the chart.

IIIEE A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change the

tDEo "
Conversation Model. Use these events or other events.
Decide to accept or decline. Then change roles.
A: Areyoufree ......... ? ......... at Red Sunset
Would you like to go? The Cine Lux,
Sat./Sun. g;55
B: ........, . l'd love to go. 0oil'T sT0P!
el,r

lf you decline, suggest a f,hefou/ Brotfiers

ne Supermarket,
different event. Fri. Midnight
.r
Sounds good. l3hn Grishom,writer
Great! uook Town,
Mon. g:00 er
Perfectl
That's past my bedtime. Rorneo ond
That's not for me. luliet
Ariage lhearer,
That's more my style. Every night
230 ev
Well, how about _?
See you there!

B CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation again. Use different events.

UNIT 2 17
 Express locations and give directions

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to someone ask for and
get directions.
A: Excuse me. l'm looking for the National Bank.
B: The National Bank? Do you know the address?
A: Yes. lt's 205 HollY Avenue.
B: Oh. Walk to the corner of First and Holly. lt's right
around the corner, across from the museum.
A: Thank you!
Or if you don't know . . .
B: The National Bank? l'm sorry. I'm notfrom around here.
A: Thanks, anyway.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

ffi VOCABULA Locations and directions

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

Locatlons Where is (the)

t* -?
i*
1.. r r)

Main Street :r

* *:
* rf l.

Mercer Avenue l,

It's on the right It's across from It's down the street It's around the corner It's between Main (Street) I
side of the street. the park. from the museum. from the theater. and Mercer (Avenue).
:rt,lt.lr.r.i'r:r,rr:.r1.,

Elm Street r
T
I
t
* Oak Street

Turn left at the corner / at Go / Walk / Drive two blocks

the light / on King Street. and turn right.

18 UNIT 2
 B -;:*, LtsrEN FoR LocATtoNs Listen to the conversations about places, I T y
Write +ha
\A/ri+a the n'
number
'-l-o. of ^l--^ i^
^--L.. place
^+ each in a- ,.^- ^^ +!.^
box on the *-^
map. lD^ -^-^.,,t.
(Be careful:
TJ.^-^ --^ +L-^^ places L..r boxes.)
^^..^- L^.-^-\ u
a
A
a
There are three ^l^-^- but seven tJE
LI
"
C PAIR WORK Use the Vocabulary from page 18 to
where you live'
My house is on Grove str
=.i: Dodd Street and Park Stre

r PRONUNCI ION nrsing intonation to confirm information

u!ffiF

A Repeat information with rising intonation to be sure you

understand. Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
1 A: Where's the library? 2 A: Let's meet at the mall.
B: The li B: The

PAIR WORK Talk about two other places. Practice confirming

information with rising intonation.

Express locations and give directions

,6* A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR Use the Vocabulary and the Piermont map (or a map of your
own town or neighborhood) to change the Conversation Model. Then change roles.
A: Excuse me. l'm looking for ......... .
B: ......... ? Do you know the address? ]|[ll'ISI[P!
Ask about other locations.

CHANGE PARTNERS Ask about other locations and give directions.

UNIT 2 19
 BEFORE YOU LI EN
PREVIEW Look at the tickets below. Name two kinds of events you can go to at the Kingston Culturefest.

LI ENING COMPREHENSION
A LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to people calling the Kingston Culturefest. Look at the tickets.
Then listen again and complete the information in the boxes.

Date: May Ti-": [-* *r,

Qassicfilm $eries Location: Natural History Museum at l l0 Greenway
Date: May [-- Price: ftee
Location : Lamont Theater Event: History of Latin Music kcture,/Concert
Price: $
Event: Nice to MeetYou andThe 39 Steps

Dat": Muy [-_ Time: 7:30 P'u

Dat": MoY [-*_
Location: Kingston Concert Hall Location: Kingston GallerY f-
3600 Central Avenue 260 Cenfal Avenue
Event: Ludacrjs HiP-HoP Series
-__
Price: $ f
E:vent:The LionKing

Date: May 9 fime: f--*.r'

Locatibn: Kingston Gallery [-- at 109 Greenway
Price: $
Event: Picasso: His Life and Art
Seat: 7G

LISTEN FOR LOCATIONS Look at the map of the

entertainment district of Kingston. Listen again and
write the number of each place in its location on the
map. (Be careful: There are five places but ten boxes.)

20 UNIT 2
 Make plans to see an event

NOTEPADDING Read aboutall the events

for the week of May 6-12 below and on the
tickets on page 20. Choose events you want
to see. Write those events, times, and places
on the notepad.

Kingston Posl
MAY
THIS KINGSTON .ii*!lBiF-:€
r+il*t.;t
'.r!
i;i;,.
i..l:..
€-G ,:,
-rtj".;
NL,

FILM - THEATER - CONCERTS' TALKS/ LECTURES -

Joshua Bell,
Violinist.
Bellwill play
Estrellita by Manuel
Mar[a Ponce and
Stravinsky's The
Andren' Llo-vd \Veber's Rite of Spring with the Mexico City
classical musical Ph ilharmonic Orchestra.

Cats Reinvent a
Wednesday and Saturday:
Lamont Theater Better.World
8:00 PM.
Tuesday to Friday 8:00 PM. Melinda Gates (of the
Sunday: 2:00 P.M. (matinee) Billand Melinda
Tkts: Balcony from $65 Tkts: $50 $tudents $25)
Gates Foundation)
Brother and sister directors Orchestra from $95
Fumiko and Daiki lto Tuesday 6:30 P.M.
introduce their movie Bruno Mars and 9:00 PM.
Hip-Hap Hrgh Schoo/, this Singer songwriter
year's lnternational Teen 's A Serious Play
Bruno Mars sings Museum
Oscar winner for Best Movie. For Serious from his favorite
album Earth to Mars, Freel
Monday and Thursday Theatergoerstt
featuring "Just the
7:45 P.M.
Way You Are."

The Dentist's Chair

Member price: $5
Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday
General admission: $12
10:00 PM. / late show: 1 2:30 A.M.
Special teen price: $5 Friday and Saturday 8:00 PM Tkts: $23

B PAIR WORK Compare the events you want to see. Make plans to see one
or more of the events together. Use the map on page 20.

Invite Accept and decline Locations / Directions

Are you free /
busy on _? I'd love to go. It's across from the
There's a [play] at _. I'm a real fan. It's around the corner
Would you like to go? See you at _. from the

Ask for information

I'd love to go, but _. It's on the _
side of the street.
Maybe some other time. It's between and
How about ? That's past my bedtime. Turn left at
What time's the ? l'm[not]a_fan. Go / Walk / Drive to
Where is the ? That's not for me.
That's more my style.

UNIT 2 21
 BEFORE U READ
WARM-UP ln what ways is music important to you?

R DING

Hot Topics: Music in Your Life

ne Seok Manager, Seoul, South Korea

I'm a big music fan. My favorite genres are rock, electronic, and hip-hop. I listen when
I'm sad, when I'm happy, when I'm bored, when I'm relaxing . . . almost all the time. I
actually don't download music because there are lots of good streaming seryices. It's so
easy, and it doesn't cost much. I just click on an app on my smart phone and listen. I also
love live music at big concerts because you can meet lots of other music lovers. Every
summer I go to the Jisan Valley Rock Festival near Seoul. It lasts 3 days, so we camp out
there and have a lot of fun.

atheus Rocha High Schoolstudent, Fortaleza, Brazil

My favorite music might seem unusual for a sixteen-year-old guy. Unlike most of my
friends, I enjoy older Brazilian music-samba and bossa nova, especially from artists
like Tom Jobim. I play the saxophone in the school band, and I'm a real fan of the
American jazz artists Grover Washington Junior and Kenny G. I can't imagine my life
without music. I listen to music every day on my phone or on my computer. I'm very
busy at school, so I listen mosfly at home.

Katherine Baldwin English Teacher, Madrid, Spain

I'm a real music lover, so I listen a lot. I even listen to music when I'm doing other
things. I listen to quiet music while I prepare my classes, and I listen to exciting music
when I exercise. If I don't, I get bored. At home, I listen on my computer: MP3s from my
library or to online radio. Online radio is much better than regular radio because you can
skip songs you don't like! I buy music online, too-singles, because I don't want to listen
to 12 songs in a row by the same musician. You know what I hate? Big concerts in an
arena where you can't see the musicians. I prefer shows in small clubs.

Source: Authentic interviews of real people

a2 UNIT 2
A coNFlRM GONTENT Read the following statements. Circle T @e), F @!se), or Nt (n_ejn&_LmalieD
for each, based on information in the Reading. Explain your answer.
TF Nl 1 Wayne Seok is a fan of live music.
TF Nl 2 He doesn't like folk music.
TF Nl 3 Matheus Rocha usually listens to music on CDs.
TF Nl 4 His friends all like samba and bossa nova-
TF Nl 5 Katherine Baldwin doesn't like big concerts.
TF Nl 6 She likes music videos.
B MAKE PERSONAL COMPARISONS Who are you like:
Mr. Seok, Mr. Rocha, or Ms. Baldwin? Explain how. l'm like Ms. Baldwin. I listen to
music while I do other things.

Talk about musical tastes

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Fill out the survey about your musical tastes.

l. Are you a music fan? trW D & 5. Do you go to concerts?

2. What's your favorite kind of music?

tr often tr sometimes D never
lrock/ pop trclassical nmovie soundtracks lf so, what's your favorite kind of concert?

Ajazz trhip-hop trsalsa

trfolk trshowtunes DR & B 6. How do you listen to music?
Dother Bon CDs D on the lnternet
3. Who are your favorite singers?
El on the radio tr on music videos
musicians? f1 on MP3s tr on W music channels
groups? Don my phone trother

4. When do you listen to music? 7. How many songs are in your library? _
trwhen lstudy Dwhen lexercise trwhen lrelax
How many albums? _
What kinds of music?
trwhen I'm happy trwhen I'm bored trwhen I'm sad
trwhen I drive Dallthe time trwhen lwork
n other

B PAIR WORK Compare surveys with a partner. Summarize your answers on the notepad.

_m-vsicir hip49_?tPo.

DISCUSSION Now use the notepad to tell the class about

your musical tastes. or phrases in the Readino
.rn_your Discussion.
tc fan."
My partner and I love music.
We're real hip-hop fans! p p

UNIT 2 23
 o
Listen to the conversations about c(
entertainment and cultural events. Complete rn
the chart with the kind of event and the time te;
of the event. (Y,

PI
Look at the chart and listen again. Circle
the event if the person accepts the invitation.
I

Complete each conversation, based on the picture.

A: There's a great ..... A l'm sorry l'm late. This
at the Cit/Theater. is awesome. What
B: .................'s the show? time did it start?
A: Eight o'clock. ......... 6:30. Don't worry.
You didn't miss much.

Hello? 4 Are you free ......... Monday

Hi. Are you busy? l'm at the evening? Dr. Benson is giving
a ................. on the native
@ Beekman Gallery. There's an
........... of plants of the desert. Do you
paintings from France. want to go?
A: Sounds great! Meet you That depends. ......... time?
there ......... fifteen It's ......... 7:00.
minutes?

Unscramble the sentences. Then match the sentences

with the pictures. Write the number on the picture.
1 on / Martine Avenue / The bookstore I is lthe corner of / and Bank Street

2 8:00 p.v. / Saturday, lThe exhibit is / on / August 3 / at

3 around / the street / The movie theater / is / the corner / and / down

4 the corner / The house / is / around / the street / and across

WRITING
Write at least five sentences about yourself and your tastes in music.

clasrical murrcfan.I love lr\ozarf . . .

p.142
a The sentence
tIOPll0T0ll
q . Lyrics p. r4e
a Guidance for this writing exercise
"Going Out"

24 UNIT 2
 ORAL REVIEW

I CONTEST Form teams. Study the ads for one

minute. Then close your books. With your
team, name all the events you can remember.
(Your team gets one point for each correct event.)

PAIR WORK Create conversations for the two people.

1 Ask and answer questions about the ads. Use
When, What time, and Where. For example:
Q: Where's lhe leclure?
A:Il's ...
2 Discuss the ads. Make plans, suggestions, and
invitations. Discuss your likes and dislikes.

ctober22

n9

I /ltouEs

pBfld'?vffi ?OTTLE?

" A hilafious
s
Alizia Compto

DoYouHnveAt
Mamacruz
^,{ffiuids?
Cineplex 2

MUSIC

Hill Street theater n Accept or decline an invitation.

660 North Main
n Express locations and give directions.
n Make plans to see an event.
n fall about musical tastes.
T
t9
A Plnnfor Everyday Life
Lecture, discusion, book signiog
Eoots and Other Prc<ious lhings
400JadJon Street 6:45 P.M'

UNIT 2 25
 1 Report news about relationships.
2 Describe extended families.
3 Compare people.
4 Discuss family cultural traditions.

I'mAndrew.
This is my wife, Diane.
And this is my family.
I

my mother-in-law .;1 my father-in-law

my sister-in-law my my mybrother-in-law

mynephew

FAMILY VOCABULARY REVIEW Look at Andrew's family C PAIR WORK Ask and answer questions about
photos. Write the six missing relationship words. Andrew's relatives. Use Who.
dd Wtrot leff's wife? HF
VOCABULARY . The Extended Family Listen are Barbara and Rick? 5F
and repeat.
dd Maureen. ?f
 EIIGIISII FOR TODAY'S WORLD
Understand English speakers from
different language backgrounds.
D PHoro sroRY Read and listen to two women discussing family photos. Emma = Portuguese speaker

Emma: Who's that guy? Your brother? Emma: Looks like they're having a Emma: And what about these kids?
Grace: No, that's my brother-in-law, great time in New York. Grace: They're my younger sister's.
Matthew. He's married to my older Grace: Actually, they live there. Ariana's the girl. And these are her
sister, Alexa. And this is their son, Emma: They do? Wow! How often do little brothers, Cole and Casey.
Aiden. He's adopted.* you see them? Emma: Cole and Casey look so much
Emma: Do they have any other Grace: We get together about twice alike! Are they twins?*
children? a year. Grace: They are. They all live in
Grace: No, just the one. He's an only Vancouver, but we keep in touch on
child. the lnternet.
. a i.?l ..3,.r.*tattt tr., ya{.a, 1t,1t1rlt.}irp..r.1r13l

*adopted: Matthew and Alexa aren't *twins: Cole and Casey were born at the
Aiden's birth parents. same time.

THINK AND EXPLAIN Check true or false, based on information

from the Photo Story. Then explain each answer.
true false
1 Crace is Aident aunt. nn It's true. Aiden is
2 Grace is Matthew's sister-in-law. !n her sister's son.

3 Matthew is Ariana's brother-in-law. nn

4 Alexa has one niece and three nephews. nn
5 Ariana, Cole, and Casey are Aident cousins. nn
6 Matthew and Alexa have two children. nn
SPEAKING
A Complete the chart with information about your extended family.
Write the number of people for each relationship.

brother(s) uncle(s) cousin(s)

sister(s) aunt(s) brother(s)-in-law
nephew(s) niece(s) sister(s)-in-law

GROUP WORK Compare charts with your classmates.

Who in your class has a very large extended family?

UNIT 3 27
 Report news about relationships

,*** VOCABULARY Relationships and marital status

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

They're single. They're engaged. They're married.

(He's her fianc6. / She's his fianc6e.)

They're separated. They're dlvorced. She's widowed.

(Het her ex-husband. / She's his ex-wlfe.)

LISTEN TO CLASSIFY Listen and infer the marital status of the person in each conversation.
Circle the correct status.
1 The woman / engaged / married).
is (single 3 His sister is (engaged/ separated / divorced).
2 His aunt is (engaged / widowed / divorced). 4 Her sister is (engaged / separated / divorced).

GRAMMAR The simple present tense: Review

Affirmative statements Negative statements

My in-laws live in Rio. My aunt and uncle don't work in an office.
My ex-wife lives in Tokyo. My cousin doesn't work at home.

Yes / no questions and short answers

Do they have any children? Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
Does she have any nieces or nephews? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

p. L26
Spelling rules with he, she, and it Exceptions:
do ) . The simple present tense:
Add -s to the base form of most verbs. does
usage and form
works likes plays calls go ) goes
have ) has
Add -es to verbs that end in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x.
study ) studies
washes watches relaxes

28 UNIT 3
GRAMMAR PRAcrlcE Complete the conversations. Use the simple present tense.
1 A: ............... yourcousin (have) any 4 A: ....--........ yourfianc6 (like) hip-hop?
children? B: No, he ............... . He .... it at all.
B: Yes, she ............... . She ............... two
kids-a girl and a boy. 5 A: ............... her ex-husband ............... (see)
their kids?
2 A: ............... your in-laws (live) in B: Yes, he ............... . He them a lot.
Toronto?
B: No, they ............. . They in Ottawa. 6 A: ............... you (call) your nieces
every day?
3 A: ........... your parents (work) in euito? B: No, I ............... . They ............... mel
B: Yes, they ............... . They for the
government.

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to good news about a relationship.
A: What's new?
B: Actually, I have some good news. My sister just got
engaged!
A: That's g reat. Cong ratu lations!
B: Thanks!
A: 5o tell me about her fianc6. What does he do?
B: Well, he works at Redcor. He's an engineer.

Or bad news . . .
B: Actually, I have some bad news. My sister just got
divorced.
A: l'm sorry to hear that. ls she OK?
B: Yes, she is. Thanks for asking.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATTON Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

Report news about relationships

l rr:r,,i:.: :.i r.:t:rfir'i ir::r::.ri- B el e !i o:t s b_rplq y_
9_u_ i_

NOTEPADDING lmagine that you have good What's the news?

or bad news about someone in your extended
family (or use real news). Write notes to plan a
conversation. Whgt qqrf!_e_/ the Q_o_?

CONVERSATION ACTTVATOR Personalize the

Conversation Model. Tell your partner your
news. Then change roles.
A: What's new?
B: Actually, I have some ......... DOil'T STOP! good news
bad news
news. My Ask yes / no questions. got marrjed
got separated
ls [she] _? / Does [he] _J / Do [they] _? got engaged
got divorced
Use the simple present tense to say more.
He lives / works
CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the
She likes / hates / studies
conversation again. Report other They have / don't have _.
good or bad news.

UNIT 3 N
 Descri be extended famil ies

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeal

Lance is my stepbrother. His

mother married my father.

Darcy is my half-sister.
Cody is my stepson. I married We have the same mother,
his father three years ago. but different fathers.*

*Half-brothers and half-sisters can also have the

same father but different mothers.

PAIR WORK Ask your partner

dd wtrot Cody's stepmother? flF ''
find people in the photos.

C LISTEN TO INFER Listen to the speakers and infer the relationships.

Use the Vocabulary to complete each statement. Listen again if necessary.

1 Her brother has three 4 Leo is his

2 Carol is his 5 Hank is her
3

GRAMMAR ttre simple present tense-information guestions; Review

Be carefull Who as subject:
Who lives in Hong Kong?
What do your in-laws do? What does your sister-in-law do?
Where do their cousins live? Where does your stepsister live?
NOT Who in Hong Kong?

When do you visit your aunt? When does your brother visit his niece?
Who do their stepchildren live with? Who does your stepdaughter live with?
How often do you call your niece? How often does she call her nephew? p. L27
How many children do they have? How many half-brothers does he have? lnformation questions in the
simple present tense:
. Form
o Questions with Who
FIND THE GRAMMAR Look at the Photo Story on page 27 again. . Common errors
Find and underline one information question in the simple present tense.

30 UNIT 3
 B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the conversations with the simple preent tense.
1 A: .......... your sister ............... ? 4k . with your grandfather?
B: She lives in Dublin. B: My half-sister Louise lives with him.
2 A: ............... nieces and nephews ..................... ? 5A: . your stepfather do?
B: Three. My sistertwo girls-both B: He ............... in a restaurant. He's the chef and
adopted-and my brother ............... a stepson. manager.

3 A: .......... stay with when you visit 6A: . your uncle work?
Los Angeles? B: At the hospital around the corner.
B: I ............... with myauntand uncle. A: your aunt there, too?
B: No, ..'........

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to people describing
their families.
A: Do you come from a large family?
B: Not really. I have two brothers.
A: What about aunts and uncles?
B: Well, I have three aunts on my father's
side. And on my mother's side, I have
two aunts and three uncles.
A: That's pretty big!

B RHYTHM AND INTONATTON Listen

again and repeat. Then practice the
Conversation Modelwith a partner.

Describe extended fam ilies

A NOTEPADDING List your extended family

relationships on the notepad.

ffi B CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a

partner, use your notepads to personalize
the Conversation Model. Describe your
extended family. Then change roles.
A: Do you come from a large family?
B: I have
A: Whatabout ......... ?
B: Well, I have ......... on my .........'s side.
And ......... .

A: 00il'T ST0P!
Ask for more information.
Tell me about your [aunts / uncles / cousins].
What about your [sister-inJaw]?
Does he _? / Do they_?
ls she / Are they lsinglel?
How old ?
Where ? How often ?
When ? How many_?
Who ?

C GROUP WORK Now tell your classmates aboutyour pa,rtner's extended family.
UNIT 3 31
 BEFORE YOU LI EN
rflf,rjitr
FTASH
A VOCABULARY o Similarities and difterences
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
CARDS

We wear the same We both like rock music.

kind of clothes.

We look different. We wear different but he likes classical.

I like rock, bu'
kinds of clothes.

PAIR WORK Find similarities and differences between you and a partner. Write
sentences describing the similarities and differences. Use the Vocabulary.

LI ENING COMPREHENSION
A LISTEN TO IDENTIFY SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES Listen to Lucille talk about herself
and her sister, Laura. Check the statements that are true. Explain your answers.

E look different.
! like different kinds of food.

n like different kinds of movies.

I like different kinds of music.

n have different numbers of kids. :

32 UNIT 3
 LISTEN TO TAKE NOTES Listen again for what Lucille says about these topics. On your notepad,
use the Vocabulary to write sentences about how she and her sister are similar or different.

Lavra look alike. favorite colors

sports preferences

families clothes

!ffi PRONUNCI
E}ACH
ION tint<ingsounds
A Read and listen. Pay attention to the linking of sounds in does she and does he.
Then listen again and repeat.
ldnlil ldnzil
1 Do{sJhe have any stepchildren? 3 Does_fe live near you?

ldnlil ldnzil
2 How many stepchildren doesghe have? 4 Where does_fe live?

B Now practice the questions on your own. Pay attention to blended sounds.

Compare people

A NOTEPADDING Choose someone in your extended family. On the notepad, write your
similarities and differences. Use the Vocabulary from page 32.

The 's name: ieEllq4snlp!9to you:

Relationship
-- ldeas
Both of Your relative r marital status
o occupation
r family
relationships
. appearance
r clothing
r likes and
dislikes
o abilities

PAIR WORK Tell your partner about you and your relative. Use your notepad.
Then compare other people in your families.

My cousin and I
Similarities and differences For more information are both single.

i How are you similar? How about ?

I How are you different? Do you have any _? My uncle likes rock music,
iI Do you look alike? How old ?
but my aunt llkes classlcal,
I n^
Do your hnth
rrnr both _?7 What does your _ do?
i Do you the same kind of Where does your _ live?
i Do you -
_ different kinds of -?
_? How many _does your _ have?
I

UNIT 3 3:I
 Discuss family cultural traditions

BEFORE YOU READ

WARM-UP ln your opinion, how long should adult children live in their parents' homes?

READING

Source: www,mrdad,com

A CONFIRM FACTS Complete each statement.

1 The parents are worried because their daughter ....... .

a wants to move into their home c doesn't want to leave their home
b wants to move away from their home d doesn't want to come home
2 According to Armin Brott, most North Americans expect children to move out of their
parents' home when they ....... .

a reach the age of eighteen c find a job

b finish college d get married
34 UNIT 3
B INFER INFORMATION Check all the conect answers, according to what Armin Brott says.
1 What are the reasons adult children are moving 2 What are Mr. Brott's suggestions to the father?
back home? n to sell his house and go traveling
n they don't have jobs. n to discuss chores at home
n They get divorced. n to ask his daughter to find a job
tr They can't afford housing. ! to try to understand his daughter
n they feel good about living with their parents. n to not worry too much about his dauqhter
n they want to depend on their parents.

Discuss family cultural traditions

FRAME YOUR IDEAS Complete the survey about adult children in your
country. Then compare answers with a partner.

Living At Home?
I At what age do children usually leave 3 How do parents feelwhen their adult
home in your country? children are living at home?
between 18 and 20 They're very happy.
between 2l and 25 They're very worried.
between 26 and 30 They dont think about it.
over 30 They dont want them to stay.
It depends on their marital status.

What are the reasons adult children What do adult children usudly do when
usually leave home? they live at home?
They get a job. They help with the chores.
They get married. They help pay for expenses.
They go away to study. They look for a job.
They dont want to depend on their parents. They look for a new place to live.

NOTEPADDING Write some similarities and differences between family cultural traditions in
your country and those Armin Brott d6scribes.

What's the same? What's different?

GROUP WORK lmagine you are speaking to a I -mining (ootionrll

visitor to your country. Explain your country's
family cultural traditions about adult children fli:""'3illJifi#:',*
ponsibilities.,'
living at home. Use your notepad.

UNIT 3 35
 Listen to the people talk about their families. Check the box for family size for each speaker.
Then listen again and write the number of children in each person's family.

Complete the sentences with the correct word or phrase.

1 Larry doesn't have any brothers or sisters. He's an
2 Bob's brother is Ron. They have the same birth date. They are
3 Jun's brother has two daughters. They are Jun's .........
4 Eva is Alfonso's wife. Alfonso's parents are Eva's
5 Hariko's father has five nieces and nephews. They are Hariko's
6 Jill's father married Wendy's mother. Jill's father is Wendyt
7 Julie and Brett are divorced. Brett is Julie's
8 Teresa's mother has two brothers. They are Teresa's

Complete the questions. Use the simple present tense.

1 A: Where
B: My brother? He lives in Cuzco, Peru.
2 A: What
B: My sister? She's a nurse.
3 A: How many ........
B: I have two sons and a daughter.
4A:
B: Cousins? Yes, I do. I have seven.

5A: Where
B: My brother? He lives near me.
6A:
B: Children? Yes. My sister has two daughters.

WRITING
Compare two people in your family. Write six statements about how they are similar
and how they are different. Start like this:

Iyj:gr\sr g"eJy! r,!s ",!9-ttt!91!J9t: vtst p. 143 JlI0Pll0TCll E . Lyrics p. r4e

'An Only Child"
are alto di#erenf. -. o Combining sentences with
and or but
r Guidance for this writing
exerctse

:16 UNIT 3
 ORAL REVIEW
CONTEST Study the family tree. Who
can answer this question first: How
many sisters, brothers, half-sisters, and

I half-brothers do Enrique lglesias and

Julio lglesias each have?
PAIR WORK Ask and answer questions
about the family relationships. Use
Who, What, When, and How many.
For example:
Q, ho js Isabel Preysler?
At e" .".
GAME Choose one person's point of
view. Describe "your extended family."
Your partner guesses who you are. For
example:
I am )vliolglegias's daughfer, and
-y rncle is Carlos.

model
born 1965

bom1997 born 1999 born 1 971 singer/model

nickname: C born l9T

I
149
n Report news about relationships.

born 2001
n Describe extended families.
n compare people.
n Discuss family cultural traditions.
 1 Ask for a restaurant recommendation.
2 Orderfrom a menu.
3 Speak to a server and pay for a meal.
4 Discuss food and health.

A Read the menu. Circle the words that are D NOTEPADDING Write the name of at least one dish
new to you. from your country for each category.

EIEIIA! D
FtAsH u VOCABULARY o Parts of a meal Listen arr -q"p-p_euzgr
CARDS
and repeat.

C PAIR WORK Which foods on the menu do you 44 qntreeaa !!1qi! qou !!e)
like? Are there any foods you don't like?
a dessert
Compare ideas with a partner.
a bq_v_gmqe
38 UNIT 4
 EIIGTISH FOR TODAY'S WOfiLD
Understand English speakers from
different language backgrounds.
Server = Portuguese speaker
E PHOTO STORY Read and listen to someone ordering food in a restaurant. Customer = Korean speaker

Server:* Are you ready to order? Or Server: lt comes with a salad. And Server: Certainly. And anything to
do you need some more time? there's also a choice of vegetables. drink?
Customer: l'm ready, thanks. I think Tonight we have carrots or grilled Customer: I'd like sparkling water,
l'll start with the potato soup. tomatoes. please. No ice.
Then l'll have the roast chicken. Customer: I'd like the carrots, please.
]J What does that come with? Or, on second thought, maybe l'll
have the tomatoes.

*Server
= waiter (man) or waitress (woman)

F INFER MEANING Check the correct answers, according to the photo story.

1 What does the customer order? 2 What does the entr6e come with?
n an appetizer ! soup and salad
n an entr6e n salad and dessert
E a dessert n carrots and grilled tomatoes
n a beverage n salad and carrots or grilled tomatoes
n water

SPEAKING
A Practice ordering. Firs! use the menu from the World Caf6
to complete the statements. Then read your statements to
a partner. Your partner writes your order on his or her
guest check.
1 I think l'll start with the
2 Then l'll have the
3 For my main course, l'd like the
4 For dessert, l'll have the
5 To drink, l'd like

Now change roles. Listen to your partner's order and

write it on your guest check.

39
 Ask for a restaurant recommendation

FTASH
CARDS
VOCABU RY Categories of food
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeal Add anotherfood to each category.

@ apples @ bananas @ carrots @ peppers @ chicken @ lamb @ fish @ clams

@ grapes @ oranges @ broccoli @ onions @sausage @beef @shrimp @ crab
....v929.?,?t, @ squid

@ pasta @ rice @ butter @cheese @ corn oil @ olive oil @ candy @ pi"
@ noodles @ bread @ milk @yogurt @ coconut oil @ cake @ cookies

B EXPAND THE VOCABULARY How many foods can you create? Use the Vocabulary. Follow the example.
1 ora n ge ju ice .. 9 p.pJ .e. iv.i.q.q,.nq.qg?. Jv.i.el............ 4 grilled fish
2 tomato onion salad 5 fried squid
3 apple pie .. . .. . . 6 ootato
potato sou
soup

GRAMMAR lhere is / There are with count and non-count nouns; Anvthins, and nothins,

Remember:
Use there is with non-count nouns and singular count nouns. Use there are r Count nouns name things you can count.
with plural count nouns. They are singular or plural.
There's (some) milk and an apple in the fridge. There isn't any cheese. r Non-count nouns name things you cannot
There are (some) cookies in the kitchen. There aren't any bananas. count. They are not singular or plural.
o Don't use a, an, or a number with non-
Questions
ls there any (or some) pasta?
Are there any (or some) noodles? Be careful!
What kind of fruit is there in this fruit salad? Use nothing in affirmative statements.
Use anvthing in negative statements.
How many eggs are there in the fridge? p, 128
There is nothing. NOT There isn't
Use ls there with a,nvthing and nothing. There isn't anything, NOT There is Expresslng quantities
Some and any
ls there anything to eat? (No, there is nothing
How much / how many
0R No, there isn't anything.) Count and non-count nouns
Spelling rules

40 UNIT 4
 GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete each statement or question with an afirmative or
negative form of there is or there are.
1 ..................... some fish in the fridge. 5 .....-......"..-..-.. some orange juice for your breakfast.
2 ..................... onions in the salad. 6 ..................... anything in the fridge?
3 ..................... some cheese for my sandwich? 7 ..................... anything to eat in this house!
4 ..................... any apple pies at the store? t ....... any pasta for tonight's dinner.
,,.
CONVERS ION MODEL
I
A Read and listen to someone asking for
a restau rant recommendation.

A Could you recommend a restaurant

for this evening?
B Sure. What are you in the mood for?
A I don't know. Maybe a sandwich. l'm
y.e.ry. !''.q Degrees of hunger
Lg! Ig.ry.
B Actually, there's a great place nearby.
It's called Tom's. Would you like +++ starving
directions?

RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again

and repeat. Then practice the Conversation
Modelwith a partner.

Ask for a restaurant recommendation

a
ErdiEll
CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change
vlDEo ' r
the Conversation Model. Ask for a recommendation
for today, tonight, dinner, breakfast, or lunch.
Recommend a restaurant from the map. Then
change roles.
A: Could you recommend a restaurantfor ......... ?
B: ......... . What are you in the mood for?
A: I don't know. Maybe l'm .........
B: Actually, there's a great place nearby.

l'"1;ni]:i,;;;ii;";yo"rd ool'TsToP!
Use the map and give directions to
the restaurant you recommended.

Locations
around the corner _
down the street from [the]
across the street between_and_ l
across from [the] _ on the _ side of the street I

near [the] _

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation again.

Talk about other foods and restaurants.

UNIT 4 41
 CONVERS ION MODEL
A Read and listen to someone ordering dinnerfrom a menu.
A: l'llhave the pasta for my main course, please.
What does that come with?
B: lt comes with soup or a salad.
A: What kind of soup is there?
B: There's tomato soup or chicken soup.
A: l'd like the salad, please.
B: Certainly. And to drink?
A: Water, please.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

GRAMMAR Definite article the

Use the definite article the to name something a second time. lndefinite articles a and an:

A: lt comes with a salad. a salad an appeti

a beverage an entr6e
B: 0K. I'll have the salad.
Also use the to talk about something specific.
A: Would you like an appetizer? (not specific; general) p. 130
B: Yes. The fried clams sound delicious. (specific; they're on the menu) o Non-count nouns: categories
A: I'm in the mood for seafood. (not specific; general) and verb agreement
B: Then I recommend the grilled shrimp. (specific; they're on the menu)

A UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR Look at the Photo Story on page 39 again. Explain why the
customer uses the definite article the in the following sentences.
1 "l think l'll start with the potato sorrp." 3 "l'd like the carrots, please."
2 "Then l'll have the roast chicken." 4 ". . . maybe l'll have the tomatoes."
B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete each conversation with 4 an, or the.

1A: What do you feel like eating tonight? 2A: l'm in the mood for ................. really spicy
B: Well, ................. seafood special sounds dish.
delicious. B: Well, what about Thai chicken?
Thaifood is usually spicy.

42 UNIT 4
 3 A: There are two kinds of soup: chicken noodle and mixed
vegetable.
B: Ithink l'd like
vegetable fan.

A: What would you like for your main course? We have

nice grilled chicken special on .................
menu tonight.
B: That sounds good. I'll have chicken special.

ffi PRONUNCI ION rne

A Compare the pronunciation of the before consonant and vowel sounds.
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

/a/ (before consonant sounds) /i/ (before vowel sounds)

the chicken the orange juice
the soup the onion soup
the juice the apple juice
the hot appetizer the appetizer
the fried eggs the eggs

B Write a check mark if the underlined word begins with a vowel sound.
the egg salad n the apple cake fl the clam soup
n the Chinese fried squid ! the ice cream ! the olive oil
n the tomato sauce n the chocolate milk n the grilled fish

C PAIR WORK Now take turns saying each phrase. Be sure to use the correct
pronunciation of the.

Order from a menu

, ,,,i':rr:i3,ir,: r .::r ::3::rr1i.:t.. f,rr.r,.rr.!, :
..,a..a,..:..)..:a...:,L-

PAIR WORK With a partner, invent a restaurant. Give your

restaurant a name. Write foods on the menu. lnclude two
or more choices for each category.
E!trIztl D
vtDEo e CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change the
Conversation Model, using your menu to order food. Pay
attention to count and non-count nouns and definite and
indefinite articles. Then change roles.
A: l'll have ......... for my main course, please. Whatdoes
that come with?
B Itcomes with ......... .
A What kind of ......... is there?
B
00il'T $I0P!
Ask more questions.
A l'd like ......... , please
Order more food.
B Certainly. And to OrintU Order a dessert.
A

EXTENSION Bring in a real menu from your favorite

restaurant. Use it to practice the conversation. Change
partners and menus and practice the conversation again.

UNIT 4 43
 Speak to a server and pay for a rneal

BEFORE YOU LI EN
rlllifiEtt
FLASH
CARDS
VOCABULARY o Communicatingwith a waiter or Haibess
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

LI ENING COMPREHENSION
A LISTEN TO PREDICT Listen to the conversations in a restaurant. Then listen again
and predictthe next thing you think the customer will say to the server. Explain your answers.
1 n We'll take the check, please. 4 ! Excuse me! This isn't what I ordered.
n Do you accept credit cards? ! Excuse me! We're ready to order.
n We're ready to order. E Excuse me! We'll take the check, please.

2 n This isn't what I ordered. 5 n Excuse me!

n We're ready to order. n We'll start with the seafood soup, please.
n ls the tip included? n We'll take the check, please.
3 ! No, thanks. We'll take the check, please.
n ls the tip included?
n Do you accept credit cards?
PAIR WORK Decide what to say to the seryer in each conversation. Then practice the conversation.
1 A: Oh, no! Take a look at this check! 2 A: Oh, no!They brought us onion soup. We
B: l'm not sure ordered the tomato soup.
Excuse me! r4.t?..... B: You're right. Excuse me! this isn't what I ordered

4 UNIT 4
 3A: Oh, no! I left my money at home. 5A: Here's fie deck. Do we need to leave a tip?
Do you aaccpet credit cards ?
B: Excuse me! ........... B: l'll ask Excuse me! ....................................
Is the tip included ?
4A: We can't order dessert. We don't have time. 6A: \Mrere's the waitress? l'm starving.
B: we'll take the check, please
Right. Excuse me! ........ B: Excuse me! we're ready to order.

Speak to a server and pay for a meal

. !j:.!!!,r,.::r.ri:rr:.::rr.i::

A NOTEPADDING Plan your meal. Read the menu and choose

what you'd like to order. Write your choice for each category.

B GROUP WORK Form groups of diners at tables, with some students as servers. Discuss
the menu. Ask the server questions about the food. Order and pay for the meal.

Discuss food Serve food Order food Pay for food

What are you in the Are you ready to order? Excuse mel I'll / We'll take the check,
mood for? Do you need more time? I'm / We're ready. please.
I'm in the mood for That comes wilh I'd like to start with tip included?
ls the
There's on the menu. Would you like _? I think I'll have Do you accept credit
The _ sound(s) Anything to drink? And then I'll have cards?
delicious. And to drink? Does that come with ?
What about ? And for your [enb6e]? What does that come
This isn't what I ordered, with?
What kind of is there?

UNIT 4 45
 Discuss food and health

BEFORE YOU READ

nndmll
FLASH
A VOCABULARY o Adjectives to describe the healthtulness of food
CARDS
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

healthy is good for you salty contains a lot of salt

unhealthy is bad for you sweet contains a lot of sugar
tatty / high-fat contains a lot of oil high-calorie can make you fat or overweight
low-fat doesn't contain a lot of oil low-calorie is not going to make you fat
B WARM-UP Do you like to eat at fast-food restaurants? ls it possible to get healthy food there?
Use the Vocabulary as you express your opinion.

R DING

:: DIO YOU KNOW?

Just one super-sized fast-food meal can have more calories than you should eat in an entire day!
These tips can help you eat healthy meals and maintain a healthy weight when eating out and
when eating at home.

h**n y*u eat *ut . . . Ar:d at h*ffire . . "

Control your portions. Many people eat Avoid eating in front of the TV. If
larger portions than they need, especially you eat while you are doing other things,
when eating away from home. Order it's easy to lose track of how much you
something small. Or ask for a half-portion. are eating.
If you do order a large meal, take half of
Eat slowly. Let your brain get the
it home or split it with someone else at the
message that your stomach isfull.
table. Sharing food is also less expensive.
Your brain needs a-bout
Avoid unhealthy snacks twenty minutes before it
such as piza, candy, gets that message. If you
and fast food. When eat fast, you will eat
you do get fast food, more food.
skip the fries and
other high-calorie,
fatty, or salty options.
Choose healthy
options. Grilled chicken and fish are
low-fat and low-calorie. If you really warrt
some fried food, remove the breading from
the food so it won't have so manv calories.

For more information about heal

46 UNIT 4
 UNDERSTAND FROM CONTEXT Find the following words and phrases in the Reading and match
them with their meanings. Then use the words to write your own sen&nces.
c
.........l "veggies" a the amount you eat at one time
b
.........2 "skip" or "avoid" b not choose
a
.........3 "portion" c vegetables
e
.........4 "split" or "share" d choice
d
.........5 "option" e order one dish for two people

B INFER INFORMATION Which suggestions help you avoid eating too much fat?
-ntr Which ones help you avoid too much sugar?

Discuss food and health

d'd fries are not healthy.

French
FRAME YOUR IDEAS Write a /
nextto the foods you think are healthy. t',,::,:
They're too fatty. t t
Write an X next to the foods you think are not. Then discuss your
answers with a partner. Explain why some of the foods are unhealthy.

n salad n

Z pizza n hamburgers n french fries n snacks

B NOTEPADDING List other foods and drinks you think are good for you and bad for you.

Healthy foods Unhealthy foods

t __,___ salfv {oejs,like pglalo chi

Text-mining (optional)
DISCUSSION Now discuss food and health with your class. Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading
that were new to you. Use them in your Discussion.
Suggest healthy eating tips. Use your lists. For example: "a half-portion."

Categories of foods Adjectives Verbs

grains meat healthy / unheahhy skip / avoid
seafood sweets good / bad for you split / share
dairy products fruit h gh-calorie / lov*calorie
i

vegetables oils fatty / salty / sweet / +icy

UNIT 4 47
 Listen to the conversations. Where are the people? Circle at home or in a restaurant.
Then predict what each person will say next. Listen again and complete the statements.
1 The man and woman are (at home
/ in a restaurant).
think he's going to ask, "Does dessert
I with my ..... ?"
2 Caroline and her mom are (at home / in a restaurant).
Her mom is probably going to say, "But Caroline, are really
3 The man and woman are (at home / in a restaurant).
It's possible that he's going to sdl, " ......... the grilled
4 The couple is (at home / in a restaurant).
Itt possible that she's going to say, "Terrific! Let's .............. an omelette and a salad. l'm really
Write examples of foods for each category.

Thai Curry Sausages Cake Butter

Sichuan Hot Pot Salted Herring Chocolate Bacon
noodles spicy epperoni Pizza Gummy Candy Ice Cream
Apple Pie

C Write questions you can ask a waiter or a waitress. Begin each question with a capital letter
and end with a question mark.
I
2
3
4

D Complete each sentence with an affirmative or negative form of there is or there are.
there is
1 ..................... too much pepper in the soup. ltt 5 You should eat some there are
fruit. ..................... some
too spicy. nice oranges on the kitchen table.
2 Excuse me. l'm looking for a restaurant. 6 .....................
there isn't enough cheese in the fridge for
are there ... any good restaurants in the two sandwiches. Let's go shopping.
neighborhood? 7 I hope there isn't ... too much sugar in the
3 .....................
are there any low-fat desserts on the menu? cake. Sugar isn't good for you.
is there
4 ..................... an inexpensive restaurant nearby? 8 l'm in the mood for soup. What kind of soup
is there ... on the menu?

WRITING
Write a short article for a travel blog about foods in your country.
Write at least five sentences, but write more if you can.

g).t.|:SS"nA::r_ JJT0PI{0TG]| @ . Lyrics p. 14e

S:-t p. 143 "The World Caf6"

ab_l
. Connecting words or ideas: and
and in ad4ition
r Guldance for this wrlting exercise

48 UNIT 4
 ORAL REVIEW
PAIR WORK Create conversations
for the people in Pictures '1,2, and 3.
For example:
At CanI t,elp you?
[): CovlA you recomme^d a
retfavranlfor ...?
CONTEST Form teams. Each team
takes turns making statements about
the foods in Picture 4 with there is
or there are. (Teams get one point
for each correct statement.)

I n Ask for a restaurant recommendation.

9
n orderfrom a menu.
! Speak to a server and pay for a meal.
E Discuss food and health.
 1 Recommend a brand or model.
2 Express sympathy for a problem.
3 Complain when things don't work.
4 Describe features of products.

Allpices in U.S. dollars

Tablets AIRPORT ELECTRONICS No tox if you buy ol lhe oirport

All major brands Your airport electronics center

Sistels Hultifundlon Pilntel
Print, scan, copy, and
fax documents $529.99
simpler Supershot
w Budq 2667
Digitalcamela
Portable GPs
l OMP 3X
All 25o/o off this week
With touch screen
!
optical zoom
Live traffic
updates
Log on to
airportelectronics.cox for price.
$299.99

Smart p[one and Ace Wircless Headphones Boomerang

oell phone sale! HD C250
Top-selling Ulebcam
smart phones: S79.99

Were $32F$425 can afford to upgrade!

The best in Buy the headphones

and get a free pair of
traditional cells
MP3 earbuds!
Reduced to $59.99

Blrc Dot Bluetoofr@ Flash Dilues stryter 8900x Home lmitek spealers
leFoafll Whatever you call 'em (USB drives, Iteater Lo Prciector $2e.99
pen drives, memory sticks, thumb Reg $2,699.99
$32.99
drives . . .), we have 'em!

4GB $9.99
Reg $39.99 8GB $17.99
32GB $34.99
For all Bluetooth@-
Log on to airportelectronics.cox
compatible tablets ALL BRANDSAT ONE LOW LOW PRICE for sale price. usB 2.0

CARDS
A VOCABULARY o Electronic devices Listen and repeat. B PAIR WORK Look at the ad. Tell your
partner about a product you need and
a tablet a digital camera why you need it.
a laptop (computer) headphones
a desktop (computer) earbuds
a keyboard a projector 46 lneed a webcam. lwant
I
a GPS a printer q,l
"4
a smart phone a webcam
a cell phone speakers
a flash drive

50 UNIT 5
C PHOTO STORY Read and listen to a conversation about a product that's not working.

Don: This printer's driving me crazy! Don: Well, first off, the thing's an Don: Don't bother. lt's not worth it.
It's on the blink again. antique. lt's ten years old. The thing's obsolete, anyway. lt's
Erin: What's wrong with it? Erin:OK.And...? not wireless, it has no scanner, it
Don: What isn't wrong with it? lt's an Don: And it's so slow. lt takes hours can't photocopy. . .
absolute lemon. to print! And now it won't print Erin: Sounds like you're ready for
Erin: No, seriously, what's the at all! an upgrade. Airport Electronics
problem? Erin: Well, that rs a problem. Maybe is having a sale. Let's get you
it's fixable. Let me have a look. something more up-to-date!

D FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Find and underline the following statements in the Photo Story. Choose the
statement that is closer in meaning to each one.
'l "This printert driving me crazyl" "lt's an absolute lemon." "Don't bother. ltt not worth it."
a I love this printer! a lt's very bad. a I don't want to fix the printer.
b I hate this printer! b lt's very good. b I want to fix the printer.
2 ult's on
the blink again." ". . . the thing's an antique." ". . . you're ready for an upgrade."
a The printer has a problem. a lt's very new. a You need a new printer.
b The printer is OK. b lt's very old. b Someone needs to fix your
printer.

SPEAKING
A Read and listen to the words in Replacing products. Then iReplacing products
choose three electronic products from the ad on page 50
you have but want to replace. Complete the chart with the because the technology is
old
or recent technology
name of the product and the reason you want to replace it. uvrevu,e o,,"* proor.t ili';ftffi,fi

B DISCUSSION Use your chart to discuss the products you need. Explain why you need to replace them.

UNIT 5 51
 CONVERS ION MODEL
A Read and listen to someone suggest a
brand and a model.
A: Hey, Rachel. What are you doing?
B: l'm uploading a video. Positive
A: What kind of camcorder do you have? descriptions
pretty goodI
B: lt's a Vista, but I need a new one.
stg?loo
Mine's obsolete! Any suggestions? terrific 9@
A: What about the Alton? I hear the MX2 awesome O9@
is gr.qq!. And it's inexpensive.
B: Really?
A: You know, I'm going shopping at the mall
after work. Would you like to come along?

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat. a camcorder

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

GRAMMAR ttre present continuous: Review

Use the present continuous for actions in progress now and for future plans.
Actions in progress Future plans
A: What are you doing right now? A: What are you doing tomorrow?
B: I'm downloading a song. B: I'm buying a new camera.

Questions
Are you looking for a new printer? (Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.)
Are they buying a GPS? (Yes, they are. / No, they're not.)
ls he using his tablet? (Yes, he is. / No, he's not.) p. 130
Where are you going? [[o Technoland.)
The present continuous:
When is she getting a new laptop? (Next week.) . Spelling rules
Who's buying a new keyboard? (My wife.) . Form and usage rules

A FIND THE GRAMMAR Find and underline three sentences with the present continuous in the Conversation Model.
B UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR Write now next to the sentences that describe an action in progress and
future next to those that describe a future plan.
f9!9r.e. 1 What are you doing this weekend? 4 Josh isn't home. He3:hSppqgfor a laptop.
2 l'm busy this morning. l'm answering e-mails. 5 They're eating with us on Friday.
3 He's leavinq in ten minutes. Hurry! 6 The printer's not working again.

coAcH
Listen and check for rising orfalling intonation. Then take turns saying each question with a partner.
1 What are you doing? !-/\! 3 What time are you going?
J-\
n ! 2 Are you buying a computer? !-,Atr 4 ls she looking for a new printer?

52 UNIT 5
VOCABU RY Collocationsfor using electronic devices
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

e a picture / photo
takeapicture/photo upload a photo video
make a video scan a document
scan make a photocopy

VOCABULARY / GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the conversations, using

the present continuous and the names of electronic devices from the list.
1A: What ......... ...... (you / scan)?
The pictures for our presentation.
B:
A: Great! Tell me when you finish. I need the ............................. , too.
2A: Hi, Tom. (you ltake) lots of pictures of Paris?
B: Oh, hi, Diane. Yes, lam. l'm using my new
A: E-mail me one of the Eiffel Tower, OK?
3A Hey, Melanie! What (you / do) here?
B l'm shopping for a new ..........
A Me, too! Our old one is broken, and (l / make) a video of my
daughter's birthday party next week.
4A: Wow! My sister ......... ...... (upload) some great pictures onto FaceSpace.
Look! Here come some new ones.
Pass me your .......... . so I can see.
5A Oh, no! I need '100
copies of the meeting agenda right away, and there's no time.
B Whatt the problem?
A Marie is at the ........ ... . she (make) copies of the sales results.

Recommend a brand or model

A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change B CHANGE PARTNERS Discuss other products
the Conversation Model. Use these ads or ones and suggest other brands or models.
from a newspaper or online store. Change the
activity and the adjective. Then change roles.
A: Hey, What are you doing?
B: l'm
A: What kind of ......... is that?
B: ltt a ......... , but I really need a new one.
This one's Any suggestions?
A: Whataboutthe ......... ? I hearthe .........
is ......... . And it's
B: Really?
A: You know, l'm going shopping Uidiot
Would you like to come along?
Activitie
00il'T $T0P! o listen to (an audiobook / music)
Accept or decline the invitation. . scan (a document / a picture)
Greatl I'd love to go. o print (instructions / a map)
rov:l:9.: r
, I'd
lil o
.
take pictures
make a video
upload (a photo /a video) uN]T 5 sit
 CONVERS ION MODEL
A Read and listen to people discussing a problem.
A: Hi, Ed. How's it going?
B: Fine, thanks. But my microwave's not working again.
A:Again? !'.ry.:gtty.tg.l:tgg.r.the!. What brand is it?
B: A Quickpoint. ltt g. pjeSS.et iVLk.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.
Ways to sympathize
Negative descriptions
l'm sorry to hear that.
Thbt'itb6'baU junk
a piece of awful
That's a shame.
"
'pidtti b'ail" horrible
0h, no! terrible a lemon
A listen. ain and repeat.

1 a food processor
7 afan
3 apressurecooker 4 adishwasher 6

8 a stove 9 an oven l0 a juicer

16 an air conditioner

11 a washing machine 14 a freezer 17 a vacuum cleaner

13 a blender 15 a refrigerator / a fridge
'12 a dryer

54 UNIT 5
 B Classify the Vocabulary by purpose. Write examples of appliances in eactr category.

C LISTEN TO PREDICT Listen and write the name of the appliance. Then listen again
and predict what the other person will say. Check the box.
1 appliance: 5 appliance:
n ls it fixable? nJust use a little more water.
n Sure. No problem. n I think the machine is defective.
2 appliance: 6 appliance:
trIt's an air conditioner. n Yeah. l'm so glad I bought it!
n It's a Cool Wave. n I think it's time for an upgrade.
3 appliance: 7 appliance:
tr It's not working? tr That's a shame. lt's a lemon.
n About thirty, I think. n Wow. That sounds great.
4 appliance: 8 appliance:
n Oops! Sorry about that. n l'm sorry to hear that.
n Sounds great! n Sure. Just a second.

Express sympathy for a problem

don't work well. Write them on the notepad.

Product Brand

EtriEll tr
vtDEo u CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change the
Conversation Model, using one of the products from
your notepad. Express sympathy. Use the negative It's driving me crazy!
It's on the blink.
descriptions from page 54. Then change roles. It's an absolute lemon.
A Hi, ......... . How's itgoing? The thing's an antique.
It's broken / obsolete / defective.
B But my .........'s not working again.
A Again? What brand is it?
B It's.......... DOIITSI[P!
Say nnore about the product.

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation again.

Use another product from your notepad-

UNIT 5 55
 Complain when things don't work

BEFOREYOU LI EN
A
cARDs
VOCABULARY r Ways to state a problem
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

The window won't open / <lose. The iron won't turn on. The air conditioner won't turn off.

The fridge is making a funny sound. The toilet won't flush. The sink is clogged.

B Write the names of machines, appliances, and devices that sometimes . . .

'lwon't open or close.

2 won't turn on or off.
3 make a funny sound

LISTENI NG COMPREH ENSION

A LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to the conversations. Write the room number for each complaint.
Then listen again and write another problem for each room, using the Vocabulary.

GUEST COMPLAINT LOG

The toilef wont stoV flushing.

-r*",'*.^*-*

B DISCUSSION Which problems on the guest complaint log are serious?

seriou
Which are not serious? Explain your reasons. ter on

56 UNIT 5
 Complain when things don't work

A NOTEPADDING Find allthe

problems in the hotel. Write
the problems on the notepad. Room / Place

B ROLE PLAY Create conversations between the front desk

4d Hetlo. Front desk. 1
clerk and the hotel guests about things that don,t work. Can lhelpyou? Bf
I

dC I'm in the elevator. lt's

not working and th
doors won't open.
_
Telephone language State a problem Respond gg l'll send s one
Hello? _ won't open / close. What's the problem? right awa F
This is room _ won't turn on / off. l'm sorry to hear that. .-t
Bye. _ won't flush / stop flushing. 0h, nol
_ isn't working. Well, that is a problem.
_ is clogged.
_ is making a funny sound.
_ is driving me crazy.
ls broken.

UNIT 5 57
 Describe features of products

BEFORE YOU READ

WARM-UP what kinds of features are important to you in a new product?

READING
www.promusrca.com -E

A UNDERSTAND FROM GONTEXT Choose one of the features to complete each statement.
Features
I A product thatt easy to move from one place to another is ...............
portable convenient
convenient popular
2 A product that's easy to use is ......... portable
3 A product that you can send back to the store because you don't like it is guaranteed affordable
guaranteed
popular
4 A product that a lot of people like and buy is ........
affordable
5 A product that doesn't cost too much for most people is ..............

MORE
B ACTIVATE LANGUAGE FROM A TEXT What is good about the Pro Musica? Use the features
EXERCISES Vocabulary and your own ideas to explain your answer.

58 UNIT 5
 LISTEN TO CLASSIFY Listen to the radio advertisements for some
crazy gadgets. Check all the adjectives that describe each producL
gadget l'gadgU n.
a smalltool or machine that
makes a particular job easier

Longman Dictionary of American Engliih

'l "The Sleeper" 2 "Cool as a Cucumber" 3 "The Scribbler"

! convenient n popular ! convenient n popular n guaranteed tr convenient
! portable n affordable tr portable D affordable n affordable n popular

PAIR WORK Choose one of the three gadgets. Listen again

and take notes. Then try to convince your partner to buy the
product. Use the features Vocabulary from the Reading on page 58.

Describe features of products

A NOTEPADDTNG Choose one good product that

you own and one bad product (appliances,
bad features
electronic products, gadgets, etc.). Write the
good or bad features on the notepad. -date
I)|,'e B;rd obsolele / makes a

features

B DlscussloN Describe the good and bad features of your products. Tell your
classmates about all the good and bad features. Use your notepad.

-mining (optional)
Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading
that were new to you. Use them in your Discussion.
For example: "simple and easy to use."

Negative descriptions Positive descriptions Ways to sympathize

awful terrible great guaranteed I'm sorry to hear that.
broken an antique terrific affordable That's too bad.
defective a lemon awesome convenient That's a shame.
horrible a piece of junk fast pretty good 0h, no!
not fixable drives me crazy popular up-to-date Maybe it's fixable.
obsolete won't start You're ready for an upgrade.
on the blink makes a funny sound
slow won't turn off

UNIT 5 59
 Listen to the conversations about problems with pmdrcts and appliances. Write a sentence to describe
each problem.
Exa m p I e : . .!h.g. !. q.t. w.e.tr.'t .f. -,,. rn .e4',. .

1 ...............
2 ..........,....
3 ...............
4 ..............

Complete each conversation with a question in the present continuous.

(More than one question is possible.)
1 A: Where .... tomorrow? 4 A: What ................. ?
B: We're going to My Electronics World. Want to B: Tomorrow? We're fixing our old printer.
come along? 5 A: What ................. ?
2 A: ................. you a new camera? B: Right now? We're eating dinner.
B: Yes. Our old camera is obsolete. lt's not digital.
3 A: When .................... ?
B: He's getting a smart phone for his birthday.

Complete each statement. Circle the correct word or phrase.

1 / portable). lt doesn'tflush.
This new toilet is (defective
2 I think my TV is (affordable / broken). I hope it's fixable.
3 Your computer is probably (obsolete / up-to-date). You should get a new one.
4 This scanner is really a piece of junk. I think we should get (an upgrade / a lemon).
D Add products, appliances, and gadgets to the chart. Write at least three in each category.
(Some products may go in more than one category.)

Star ratings
WRITING * not so great
** 0K
Write a review of a product, appliance, or gadget *** good
that you use. lt can be a good product or a bad one. **** very good
You can give it 1-5 stars.
***** awesome

##++
p.I44
Placement of adjectives: before ll

nouns and after the verb be

' J:T0Pll0T0ll 'Lvrics
p. r4e
Guidance for this writing exercise
"lt's Not Working Again"
:

I 1

60 UNIT 5
ORAL REVIEW
CONTESTS
1 Form teams. Study the products in Pictures 1 and 2 for
two minutes. Then close your books. With your team,
make a list of what you saw. The team with the most
correct words after one minute wins.
2 Form teams. Study the names and activities in Picture 1

for two minutes. Then close your books. Ask another.

team ygg / no questions about the people, using the
present continuous. (l-eams get one point for each
correct answer.) For example:

PAIR WORK
1 Point to the people in Picture 1. Ask and answer
information questions, using the present continuous.
For example:
Q:What's Jane doing?
A:She\ lirtening lo mutic.
2 Create a conversation for the people in Picture 2.
For example:

KiicAenmax. Itt expensive, brzt il's very popular.

Cool Rite I
$429 99 l
 1 Plan an activity with someone.
2 Talk about habitual activities and plans.
3 Discuss fitness and eating habits.
4 Describe your routines.

play basketball
go running
gto swimming
play socce, Iy.
go bike riding
do aerobics
play golf
ti;
go dancing
go walking
fr
n)
take a shower ffit,
lift weights
cook dinner
clean the house
go shopping
study English Running on a
treadmill is a good
talk on the phone {6 way to burn calories.

watchTV
sleep

IALORIES- 1 00 200
*Based on a person weighing 150 pounds / 68.2 kilograms

Tffi n VocABULARY o Activities Look at the graph. Then listen and repeat.

B CLASS SURVEY According to the graph, approximately how many calories do yqu
burn every day? Find out who in your class burns more than 1,500 calories a day.
62 UNIT 6
C PHOTO STORY Read and listen to people talk about playing tennis.

Lynn: Hi, loylW .qr.e.ygy.yp.tq? Lynn: Not as much as l'd like to. Lynn: Ken? No way. He's a total couch
foy: Lynn! How are you? l'm playing Joy: Well, .ryhy.Qqlj! we meet at the potato. He just watches TV and eats
tennis, actually. ln the park. park on Saturday? junk food. He's so
.o.qt.9f .sh.ape.
Lynn: You play tennis? I didn't know Lynn: This coming Saturday? Sorry, I Joy: Too bad. My husband's crazy
that. can't. I have to work. What about ab.out tennis.
Joy: I do. About three times a week. Sunday? Lynn: Listen. l'm o.n my.w.gr home
Do you play? Joy: Perfect. Hey, how about your right now. Let's talk tomorrow. OK?
husband? Can he come, too? loy: Terrific.

FOCUS 0N LANGUAGE Look at the underlined expressions in the Photo Story. Use the
context to help you choose the coir#t ri'uriing of the following sentences.
1 What are you up to? 4 l'm crazy about tennis.
a What are you doing? a I hate tennis.
b Where are you going? b I love tennis.
2 Why don't we play tennis sometime? 5 l'm on my way to the park.
a Can you explain why we don't play tennis? a l'm going to the park right now.
b Would you like to play tennis sometime? b l'm going to go to the park this afternoon.
3 My huiband is really out of shape.
a My husband doesn't exercise.
b My husband exercises a lot.

SP KING
A PERSONALIZE Look at the activities on page 62. List the activities you do .

every day every weekend once a week almost never never

B PAIR WORK Compare activities with a partner. dd wnat do you do

every weekend? FF

UNIT 6 frI
 Plan an activity with someone

GRAMMAR Can andhaveto

Remember: Can + base
can form also expresses ability
Use can + the base form of a verb for possibility. We can speak English.
We can stay out late tonight. There are no classes tomorrow morning. They can't play piano.
I'm too busy this afternoon. I can't play golf.
Mona can meet us at the park, but her husband can't.

Questions
Can you go running tomorrow at 3:00? (Yes, I can. / No, I can't.)

have to Usage: When declining an invitation,

Use have to or has to + the base form of a verb for obligation. use have to to provide a reason.
Sorry, I can't. I have to work late.
I' i: h. to
d haveto:, work late tonight.
! \d sn't
-t9,- ,-- to i meet her cousin at the airport at 3:00.
have --
She ,
i

p. L32
Questions
Can and have to:
Do they have to work tomorrow? (Yes, they do. / No, they don't.) . Form and common errors
Does he have to go to class now? (Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.) . lnformation questions
Can and be able to: present and past forms

A FIND THE GRAMMAR Look at the Photo Story on page 63 again. Find one statement using can't to decline
an invitation. Find one example of have to to provide a reason. Find one question using can for possibility.

B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Read the sentences carefully. Then complete each sentence with can or a
form of have to.
1 l'd like to go out tonight, but we have a test tomorrow. I
study
2 Audrey us for lunch today. She her boss write a report.
not / meet help
3 Good news! I .. . .;;t/..;;;[....... .. latetonight.We together at 6:00.
90 runnrng
4 My sister ......;;ii at the mall today. She ........... .... to the doctor.
ii;.;ii"rjpiiis.......... s;
5 Henry to Toronto next week, so he " ""';;i7pi;; ' ' golf with us.
'- ................;..:.............
so
5 Sorry,t ...........;;iilj" to aerobics class tonight. I ..............;;;t............. with my boss.

nlldmll
MORE
C GRAMMAR PRACTICE Write three questions using can and three questions using a form of have to.
DGRCISES Then practice asking and answering the questions with a partner.

,'** PRONUNCI ION Can / can't

A Read and listen to the pronunciation and stress of can and can't. Then listen again and repeat.
a'
/kan/ I .rn.lll you today. lkanll I can't callyou tomorrow.

B Listen to the statements and check can or can't. Then listen again and repeat each statement.

l ncan !can't 3ncan !can't 5Ecan ncan't

2Zcan ncan't 4ncan ncan't 6!can Ecan't
64 UNIT 6
 CONVERS ION MODEL
A Read and listen to two people plan an
activity together.
A: Hey, Cary. Why don't we go running sometime?
B: Creat idea. When's good for you?
A: Friday morning at 9:00?
B: Sorry, I can't. I have to work on Friday.
A: Well, how about Sunday afternoon at2:OO?
B: That's good for me. See you then.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and

repeat. Then practice the Conversation Model with
a partner.

Plan an activity with someone

ffi A NOTEPADDING Writeyourscheduleforthisweekend B CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR Now personalize the

in the daily planner. (Use page 62 for ideas.) Conversation Model with a partner, using your
daily planners. Suggest an activity, a day, and a
time. Then change roles.
A Hey, ......... . Why don't we ......... sometime?
B When's good for you?
A ....'.... ?
B Sorry, I can't. I have to
A Well, how about ......... ?
B

D0lt'T ST0P!
a
a

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation

again. Plan other activities. Use your daily planner
to respond.
 Talk about habitualactivities and plans

CARDS

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

a park

B PAIR WORK Tell your partner what you do at these places.

I play soccer at the athletic
field next to the school. F F

GRAMMAR ltre present continuous and the simple present tense; Review

The present continuous The simple present tense

Frequency adverbs
(for actions in progress and future plans) (for frequency, habits, and routines)
r00%
l'm rnaking dinner right now. I rnake dinner at least twice a week. .
ls
They're swimming at the pool in
the park.
They usually swirn at the pool on
Tuesdays.
II n / generally
occasionally
He's m ing his friends for lunch He hardly ever m his friends 0%
+ .

tomorrow. for dinner. never

Questions Questions
Are you going running tomorrow? Do you always p golf on Saturdays?
What time are you playing tennis today? How often do you lift weights?

Be careful! p. 133
Don't use the present continuous with frequency adverbs. The simple present tense:
Don't say: tennis. o Non-action verbs
Don't use the present continuous with have, want, need, or like. . Placement of frequency adverbs
Don't say: the gym . Time expressions

VOCABULARY / GRAMMAR PRACTICE Tell a

partner how frequently you play sports or
exercise at the places from the Vocabulary.
lI There's a pool near my house, but
I hardly ever go swimming there.

66 UNIT 6
 B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the sentences. Use the simple prcsent tense or the present continuous.

1 Brian can't answer the phone right now. They are making
5 ......... ... lunch. Can they call
/ make
he is studing you b
2 How does :...,..................
often ............... she go walking? 6 How often do you clean .. the house?
she / go you / clean
we are playing I do
3 " ' ' " *;'l'pi;t"" "' "' tennis this weekend' 7 .. . .. .. . . .i7.A;................ aerobics every day.
He lifts
4 weights three times a week. 8 '' she is going
"' "';ftis;"' " shoppingtonight'

LISTEN TO ACTIVATE GRAMMAR Listen to the conversations. Circle the frequency adverb
that best completes each statement.
1 She (often I hardly ever / never) plays golf. 4 He (always / often / never) goes swimming.
2 He (often / sometimes / always) goes to the gym 5 She (always / sometimes / never) rides her bike
four times a week. on weekends.
3 She (often / sometimes / never) plays tennis in
the park.

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to two people talk about
habitual activities and future plans.
A: Hey, Nancy. Where are you off to?
B: Hi, Trish. l'm going to the gym.
A: Really? Don't you usually go there on weekends?
B: Yes. But not this weekend.
A: How come?
B: Because this weekend l'm going to the beach.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and

repeat. Then practice the Conversation Model with
a partner.

C FIND THE GRAMMAR Look at the Conversation

Model again. Underline one example of the simple
present tense and two examples of the present
continuous. Which one has future meaning?

Talk about habitual activities and plans

EA
G0" coNvERsAnoN Acl;;; ;;.^ u ounn"r.iu;;" il;;versation Moder,
using a different place from the Vocabulary. Then change roles.
A: Hey, Where are you off to? D0lt'T $T0P!
B: Hi, ......... . l'm going to the Say more about your activities.
I'm going to the gym. I have an aerobics class.
A: Really? Don'tyou usually go there ......... ?
I'm going to the park. I'm playing tennis with
B: Yes. But not this ......... . my friend Julie.
A: How come? Invite your partner to do something.
B: Because thrs ......... l'm Why don't we _ sometime?

B CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation again. Use a different place and plan.

uNtT 6 67
 Discuss fitness and eating habits

BEFORE U LISTEN
WARM-UP ln your opinion, is it important for people to stay in shape? Why? What do people
have to do to stay in shape?

LI ENING COMPREHENSION

A LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to people talk about theirfitness and eating habits. Check the box
next to the name if the person exercises regularly.

B LISTEN FOR DETAILS Now listen again and check each person's habits.

1 goes to a gym D n !
2 takes exercise classes tr
3 exercises outside n !
4 avoids grains tr n
5 avoids desserts n tr tr
6 avoids fatty foods il u tr
7 eats smaller portions n tr tr
8 eats a lot of seafood tr n tr
9 eats slowly fI
=
c DrscusstoN
1 ln your opinion, which of the three people have good fitness and eating habits? Explain.
2 Whose habits are like your own? Explain.

ffi
@ACH
PRONUNCI ION fnira-personsingular -9: Review
lsl lzl lul
A Read and listen to the three third-person sleeps goes watches
singular endings. Then listen again and repeat. eats plays exercises
works avoids munches
B PAIR WORK Take turns making statements about
the three people's habits. Use the information in
the chart in Listening Comprehension Exercise B. lI nifa exercises outside every day. F?
Pay attention to third-person singular endings.

68 UNIT 6
 Discuss fitness and eating habits

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Take the health survey.

B PAIR WORK Compare your survey answers and scores.

c GROUP WORK Walk around the classroom and ask questions. DOil'T STOP!
Write names and take notes on the chart. Ask for more information:
Why are you out of shape?
What junk foods do you eat?
Where do you exercise?
stays in great shape. running every day

eats a lot of iunk food.

never sleeps more than four hours.

DISCUSSION Now discuss fitness and eating habits.

Toni stays in great shape.
Tell your classmates about the people on your chart. She goes running every day.

UNIT 6 69
 BEFORE YOU READ
PREVIEW Look only at the title, photos, and captions. What do these two people have in common?
What do you think they have to do in order to participate successfully in their sports?

You Ganl ...

Mark Zupan
IyVhen
he was eighteen years old, a terrible
accident made Mark Zupan a quadriplegic and
changed his life forever. At first, he could hardly
move his arms or legs normally. However, after a lot
of hard work, he was able to use his arms to move
his wheelchair, and he could even stand for a short
tirne and take a few slow steps. Zupan-or Zup to his
flriends-became a quad rugby champion, helping his
team win a gold medal in the Paralynpic Games. "I
dream about running all the time," he says, "but you
can't live in the past."
Today, Zupan frequently gives talks and raises
money for his sport and appears in movies and TV
shows. Anyone who spends time with him forgets that
he's in a wheelchair. He lifts weights at the g1'rn every
day, drives a caq and goes to rock concerts. 'A lot of Zupan became a quad rugby champion.
people think quadriplegics can't do anlthing" he
says. To stay in shape, Zupan is careful about his diet
and avoids unhealthy and fatty foods. 'Just think of
me as a humdn being and an athlete. Because that's
who I am."
Bethany Harnilton
At the age of thirteen, surfer Bethany Hamilton had
a dream. She wanted to be a champion in her sport. But
she lost her left arm when she was attacked by a shark. A
month lateq she was surfing again.
Today, she's a professional competitive surfer. Because
she can only use one arm, she has to use her legs more to
help her go in the right direction. Hamilton practices every
day at the beach. She has a prosthetic arm, but she rarely
uses it, and never when she's surfing.
Hamilton often appears on TV She wants to help
other people follow their dreams, even when they face great
difficulties. "People can do whatever they want if theyjust
set their hearts to it, and just never give up."
In 201l, Holb'rarood made a movie about her ogerience.
Hamilton was attacked by a tiger shark
Bethanv has a happy life and got married in 201 3.
when she was thirteen.

70 UNIT 6
 INFER INFORMATION Complete the paragraph about Mark Zupan. Use can can't. or has to.
Zupan
'lr-2'
spend most of his time in a wheelchair, btrt he .......,....... stand up
and take a few steps for a short time. He ... ...r..... go walking or running, but he
.. ..;....... play quad rugby. n" .......i....... be careful about his diet so he doesn't get out of

shape. He doesn't have complete use of his hands, but he .......ii...... lift weights.

He ............... drive a car using his feet, but he ........:...... use his hands. A lot of people
7-8
think quadriplegics .......e.... . do anything, but Zupan proves that they ...... .
j.0......

SUMMARIZE First, complete the paragraph about Bethany Hamilton. Use the simple present tense or the
present continuous. Then write a similar paragraph, summarizing Mark Zupan's routines.
When she surfs, Hamilton . ... .. .;;;.......... her legs to help her go in the right direction.
i
She ............:.............. a prosthetic arm, but she hardly- ever ........................... it.
2have 3wear
She ...........
4
regularly with the world's top professional women surfers.
compete
ln the photo on page 70, she . ....i.iir;ije......... against other surfers with two arms.
She ...........
6 wear
a T-shirt and ...........
7 stand
on her surfboard. Hamilton
... to help other people with difficult experiences follow their dreams.
8 want

Describe your routines

A NOTEPADDING Write some notes about your daily routines.

List some things you usually do . . . List some things you . . .

. in the morning. . can't do every day. Explain why.

. in the afternoon. . have to do every day. Explain why.

. in the evening. . d-on't have t" t:ygry o3f.!*p.lg!ry!y.

PAIR WORK lnterview your partner about his or

her daily routines. Then describe your partner's
daily routines to your classmates.

UNIT 6 71
 A Listen to the conversations. Check the statements that are true.
1 n He doesn'texercise regularly. 3 E He exercises regularly.
n He avoids junk food. E He has to be careful about calories.
E He never watches TV. ! He can eat everything he wants.

2 n She's in great shape. 4E Dave Heeley can't use his legs.

n She hardly ever goes swimming. fl Dave Heeley can't see.
n She exercises regularly. E Dave Heeley doesn't need help.

B What activities can you do at these places? Write sentences with can.

!eanplay-..

Change each statement to a yes / no question. Begin each question with a capital letter and end
with a question mark.
1 You have to go home early. ..P.e.f.?.v.h9y.9..t2.g9.!:eng..egr.
2 Magda has to see a doctor this afternoon. ..............
3 Jonah can meet us at the mall at 6:00.
4 I have to exercise every day.
5 My friends can come to the park after school.
sol
6 Your husband has to work late tonight. Sut

7 Lance's sisters have to avoid sweets.

Answer the questions with real information. Use the simple present tense or the present continuous
in your answer.
1 How often do you go to English class?

What do you usually do on weekends?

What are you doing this weekend?

WRITING
Describe your exercise and health habits.

I'm nof in ve d shape,bull exercise

p. 145
lhree limes a week rro!.I'm alto r Punctuatlon of statements and
questlons
careful abouttheloodsl eat. . . . Guidance for this wrfting exercise

J:I0PllfiCll q . Lyrics p. lso

"A Typical Day"

72 UNIT 6
 ORAL REVIEW
COI{TEST Fonn teams. Create questions about the
peoplet activities for another team to answer. (Teams
get one point for each correct question and one point
for each correct answer.) For example:
Qt flow oflen doet Andy eaf)unk f""J?
A, Harlly ever.

GAME Make false statements about the activities in

sometimes / the planners. Your partner corrects your statements.
For example:
A, Kare,\ is having breakfast wilh her mom al nine
on Salvrday.
[) : Th af's not ri ght Th ey' r e h avi n g b rea kfa si at fe n.

ROLE PLAY Create a conversation for Andy and Karen.

Using the two planners, make plans to get together to
do something. Use this language:
Why Aon'f we . . . ? Sorry,I can'Ll have to . . .

sometimes /
Sunday morning

on weekends twice a month

twice a week

hardly ever

usually / on weekends

Sat
sometimes / on weekends
9 ; break{art with Craig
9
10 to
11 r meet DoA al air7ofi l1
12

Sun
; breakfartwitl' DaJ
9

10 10
atp ! Plan an activity with someone.
ll n fatt about habitual activities and plans.
n Discuss fitness and eating habits.
; n Describe my routines.
 1 Greet someone arriving from a trip.
2 fuk about someone's vacation.
3 Discuss vacation preferences.
4 Describe vacation experiences.

See a play in London's West End the Go shopping in Milan. Explore the
ln Paris, visit Go to a concert
or visit fie British Museum. Eiffel Towerand ruins of the Colosseum in Rome. in Menna and
enjoy France's enjoytre city,s
excellent food. hm6us Oesierm.

0n board fie ship . . .

Swim in a beautitul heated pool. Eat in one of
many hnbstic reshuranb. And at night, see a Walk along the scenic black
popular movie or a show . . . or go dancing! sand beaches of Hilo and enjoy
Hawaii's natural beauty.
ln Hawaii . ..
Go snorkeling in 0ahu.

PAIR WORK Look at the two travel ads. Complete the chart by writing tour
or cruise. Then discuss your
answers with a partner.

tour family activities? tour and cruise tour and cruise

tour physical activities? cruise tour

B DISCUSSION Which vacation would you like to take? Why?

UNIT 7
C PHOTO STORY Read and listen to a phone callfrom sonleonre neturning from a trip.

Kate: Hi, Nancy. We're home! Nancy: So, tell me all aboutyour Kate: And in Maui we went
Nancy: Kate! When did you back? cruisel windsurfing, and in Oahu, we went
Kate: Late last night. Kate: Well, the ship was huge. And snorkeling. But most of the time we
Nancy: So, did you have a good time? they had everything: inc ipl". just sat on the beach and enjoyed
food, entertainment, family the view.
Kate: lt was fantasticl Phil and I really
activities . . . There were always lots Nancy: Now that's my kind of vacation!
needed a vataii<inl
of things to do. Kate: I can't wait for the next one.
Nancy: And what was Hawaii like? Nancy: Well, welcome home.
Kate: Hawaii? Just awesom.e! The
beaches were really beautiful.
Nancy:9ool!
What...like?=How?

D FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Look at the unde,rlined. words and expressions in the Photo Story. Find:
1 an expression that means "come home." get back
2 four adjectives that mean "gteat." incredible, fantastic, cool, awesome

E THINK AND EXPLAIN Complete the statements.

1 When Nancy says, l/Now that's my kind of vacation!" she means interested/hap

2 When Kate says, "l can't wait for the next one," she means execited

F PERSONALIZATION Which part of Kate's vacation is your kind of vacation? Explain your reasons.

SPEAKING
PAIR WORK Complete the questionnaire. Then tellyour
partner what you usually do on your vacations. Ask about
you r partner's vacations.

I usually visit my family

I usually go to Ha Long Bay for vacation

I go to another country

UNIT 7 75
 Greet someone arriving from a trip

GRAMMAR lhe past tense of be: Reyiew

Statements Questions
I Was your flight late? (Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.)
He
i on vacation.
Were there lots of people on the train? (Yes, there were. / No, there weren't.)
She #31"* Where was your brother yesterday? (At the Smith Museum.)
It
When were you in Seoul? (Last month.)
Who was with you on the train? (My girlfriend.)
We
were Who were your parents with? (My grandfather.)
You on vacation.
weren't How was the food at the airport? (lt wasn't very good.)
They
How were the activities on your cruise? ffhey were great.)
Contractions How long was the tour? (lt was three hours.)
wasn't = waS nOt How long were you on the bus? (For two hours.) p. 135
weren't = were not . The past tense of be: form

FIND THE GRAMMAR Look at the Photo Story on page 75. Find five examples of the past tense of be.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the conversations, using lyat were, wasn't. or weren't.
1A: Welcome back! How was the drive? 3 A: Where were you lastThursday?
were
B: Notgreat. There ............. too many buses. B: I .............
was in London.
A: Too bad. were you alone? A: No kidding!Who .............
was with you?
wasn't . My brother
B: No, L............ were with me. was in London, too.
B: My cousin. He .............
were you there?
A: So how long .............
2 A: Howlong .............
was yourflight?
B: We were in London for four days.
B: Six hours. But it .............
was OK. The flight
attendants were very nice. 4 A: Whenwas Kayla on vacation?
FIEI* A: Good. were there a lot of passengers? B: Actually, she and her husband .............
were in
B: No, there weren't Hawaiitwo weeks ago.
=*.'BP'E. were
A Wow! ............. they on a cruise?
B Yes. They were . lt ............
was a six-day cruise.

tirGllt!fl
FLASH
CARDS
VOCABULARY Adjectives to describe trips; intensifiers
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat. ifiers

Our bus trip was so scary. The flight was very bumpy. It was really short. / lt was really long.

It was quite comfortable. The drive was kind of boring.

B PAIR WORK Use the adjectives from the Vocabulary to
describe a trip you took. Use different intensifiers.
tastpar, I went to a small town in the
mountains. The bus trip was really bumpy.

CONVERSATION MODEL
A to someone greet
Read and listen
a person arriving from a trip.

A: Welcome back!
B: Thanks.
A: So, how was the flight?
B: lt was pretty comfortable, actually.
A: That's good! Hey, can I give you a hand?
B: !!!.o. .(.. l'n.fj tS..
A: Areyou sure?
B: Absolutely. Thanks!

Decline help Accept help

It's 0K. I'm fine. Thank youl
No, thanks. l'm OK. That's really nicel

RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen

again and repeat. Then practice the
Conversation Modelwith a partner.

Greet someone arriving from a trip

A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner,

change the Conversation Model, using a
different adjective and intensifier and the
past tense of be. Accept or decline help.
I
Then change roles.
A Welcome back! Responses
B comfortable
scenic
A So, how was the ......... ?
short
That's good!
B It was ......... , actually.
A That's ......... ! Hey, can I give you a hand? boring
bumpy
B scary That's too bad!
long
00il'T sT0P!
Ask your partner other questions about the trip.
Were there a lot of people on the _?
How long was the _?

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation

again. Greet someone arriving from another
type of trip. Ask more questions.
 Ask about someone's vacation

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to someone describe a vacation-
A: Were you on vacation?
B: Yes, I was. I went to Paris. EMIE
VIDE
@AO
A: No kidding! Did you have a good time?
B: Fantastic. I stayed in a really nice hotel
and ate at some wonderful restaurants.
A: That sounds nice. Tell me more.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

G MMAR The simple past tensei Review

Regular verbs: spelling
+ed +d +ied
visited arrived study t studied
watched changed try ) tried
played ked
Did he have a good time? (Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.)
Did they get back late? (Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.)
Where did she go? (She went to ltaly.) Some irregular verbs
When did his flight leave? (At 6:45.) buy bought get got
What did you do every day? (We visited museums.) do did go went
How many countries did they see? fl-hree.) drink drank have had
Who did you go with? (l went with my sister.) eat ate leave left
find found see saw
BUT Who went with you? (My sister went with me,) fly flew sit sat p. 135
o The simple past tense: more
See page I22tor a more complete list
on spelling, usage, and form

FIND THE GRAMMAR Look at the Photo Story on page 75 again.

Circle all verbs in the simple past tense. Which are irregular verbs?

GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete lda's post with past forms of the verbs.

flew sleept
needed took foud
swam
had drunk
walked sew
got
did not tried
ate went
bought did
nlldiEtt
MORE had did you do was
EXERCISES

78 UNIT 7
 PAIR WORK Write five questions about lda's vacation, Il \rrrhatdit lda do i
using the simple past tense. Then practice asking and
answering your questions with a partner.

GRAMMAR PRACTICE lmagine that you just got back from

one of the vacations on page 74. Write at least five sentences
describing what you did, using the simple past tense.
We leff Vancouver on )u

ffi PRONUNCI ION lhe simple past tense ending: Regular verbs
A Look at the chart and listen to the pronunciation of the simple past tense
ending -991. Then listen again and repeat. Practice saying each word on your own.

tdt
played cooked wait.ed
ttt t]dt Be carefut!

rained watched need.ed

played = /plerd/ NOT
cooked = /kuky
studied introduced visit.ed BUT waited = /wer.trd/
NOT

B Listen to the verbs. Circle the -ed ending you hear.

1 tried ldl ltl Irdl 3 needed ldl Itl Irdl 5 danced ldl Itl Itdl
2 walked ldl ltl Irdl 4 checked /d/ Itl Itdl 6 wanted ldl Itl Itdl

Ask about someone's vacation

ffi A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change

G
the Conversation Model, using the vacation ads or
n your own ideas. Then change roles.
A: Were you on vacation?
B: Yes, I was. I I went to New York
A: No kidding! Did you have a good time?
wonderful
B: ......... . L........ and .........
A: That sounds Tell me more. : t

D0lt'T ST0P! :tN{j

. Tell your partner more about your vacation.

o Ask and answer more questions, using the
simple past tense.
Did you _? Where _?
What ? When _?

CE
incredible terrific awesome
fantastic wonderful cool
great perfect nice

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation

again, using a different vacation.

UNIT 7 79
 Discuss vacation preferences

BEFORE YOU READ

Also remember:
nllaFiltl
FLASH
CARDS
A VOCABULARY o Adjectivesfor vacations Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
awes0me
beautiful
boring
cool
excellent
famous
fantastic
great
incredible
ntce
perfect
scenic
terrific
It was relaxing. It was exciting. It was unusual. wonderful

PAIR WORK Use the Vocabulary to describe one of your vacations.

dd Lastyear, I went to the beach. ,
Use intensifiers from page 76 in your description. Itwis so relaxing and... pp l;

READING

Our clients share their favorite destinations among our

Vacation 1 Vacation 2

The pefect getaw he Bagus Jati Do you dare2 A I adventure Learn about another culture
spa and hotel in Bali, lndonesia at Mctoria Falls and help the world.

'At home, we work really hard, and we "What a brilliant vacation! Located on the "My vacation to Tajikistan lasted twenty-six
needed some time off. Our spa vacation to Zambezi River on the border between days, and we helped build new homes for ten
Bali was perfect! They really took care of Zambia and Zimbabwe, the Victoria Falls of those days. On the other days, we went
us. My wife and I enjoyed excellent healthy are fantastic. You can't believe how big they sightseeing and bought souvenirs. The people
meals and some interesting workshops are-absolutely hugel The idea of bungee were incredibly nice, and I loved the food.
on healthy living and meditation. lt was jumping there was really scary. But then I There were twelve other volunteers on this trip.
so quiet there! For exerclse, we went tried it, and it was so exciting. I want to do it The work was actually fun, and we got to know
swimming and bike riding. I'm going back again! lf you like adventure, this is the place each other pretty well. ln the end we felt really
again next year!" to go." good. I'd definitely do it again!"

K. (Seattle, U S.) B. (Dartford, U.K.) --Arturo Manuel R. (Monterrey, Mexico)

-Jason -Paula

80 UNIT 7
 SUPPORT AN OPlNl0N Write check marks for the adjectives that,
in your opinion, describe each vacation from the Reading.
(Or add your own adjectives.) Explain your reasons.

exciting relaxing unusual interesting scenrc boring other adjectives

B DRAW CONCLUSIONS Choose one or more vacations from page 80 for each person. Explain why.

Il I lou" to meet new CC Ilou" all kinds of ds I like to go to places I need a vacation
people and learn how sports and physical where other people where I don't have
to do new things. ll activities. I f don't go. Fi lo do onything. ll

Discuss vacation preferences

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Complete the questionnaire. Then compare answers with a partner.

lleed a
How often do you go on vacation? ! never I on ! more than twice a year

r
I prefer vacations that are . . . I like vacations with . . .
! relaxing ! tots of history and culture ! top-notch hotels

! exciting
! greatfood

! interesting
! warm weather

I unusual
! scenic beaches

! inexpensive
I friendly people

! scenic
! other

! other
my language

t
Do you need a vacation right now? ally. ! tvtayUe, You bet I do!

Y
I B DISCUSSION Now discuss your vacation preferences. Text-min ing (optional)
Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading
Tell your classmates what's important to you. that were new to you. Use them in your Discussion.
For example: "time off."
 Descri be vacation experiences

BEFORE YOU LI EN
rflifiEll
FLASH A VOCABULARY . Bad and goodtravel experiences Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
CARDS

The weather was i horrlble. The people were so i unfrlendly. They lost my luggage. Someone stole my wallet.
i really ar,nfrrl. icold.
i PrettY bad.
iterrlble.

JtE:

The weather was i amazlng. The people were so ifriendly. Jomeone returned my wallet.
i fantastlc. iwarm.
iterrlflc.
iwonderftrl.

B Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences.

t .. Iem.e.sne.f.e.ls.. my purse. 2 The food 3 The waiters

X
1 f?e I q)

>t

4 The entertainment

82 UNIT 7
LI ENING COMPREHENSION
A LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to the conversations. check whether, at the end of the vacation,
the person had a good experience or a bad one.
1 n a good experience n a bad experience 3 n agoodexperience n a bad experience
2 Z agood experience n a bad experience 4Z agoodexperience n a bad experience

B LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen again and complete the statements about each vacation.

1 The food was (very good / really awful). 3 He didn't have any more (clothes / money).
The room was (OK i pretty bad). The people were very (nice / cold).
The entertainment was (really bad / amazing). The hotel was (great / terrible).
2 The hotel was (terrible / terrific). Someone stole his (passport / laptop).
Someone stole their (car / luggage). 4 The food was (fantastic / p bad).
Miamiwas (horrible / wonderful). The people were (cold / nice).
The vacation was too (short / long).

Describe vacation experiences

A NOTEPADDING Make a list of some of your good and bad vacation experiences.

Cqq{ eXp_erjsnees ___ _lad elpeneneeS ldeas for topics

o your luggage
/ wallet /
raptop / phone
e the trip /
o tne weather.flight / train / bus
e the food
o the hotel /
front desk clerk /
server

: ,T: ff|!'lifi / shopping

. the airport / museum /
oeach

B PAIR WORK Now tell your partner about the good and bad vacation experiences
on your notepad. Ask questions about your partner,s experiences.

How was the ? That's [good / great / fantastic / wonderful]l I had a [wonderful] time.
How long was _? No kidding! The fflightl was_.
What did you _? 0h, no! The _ drove me crazy.
When did you _? That's too bad. The _ didn't work.
Where did you _? l'm sorry to hear that. I was inthe mood for _, but _
Tell me about They didn't accept credit cards.

UNIT 7 &}
 Listen to each person describe a good or bad yacatbn o<perience. Write the
number of the speaker next to the type of trip he or she took.

a drive a train trip a flight a beach vacation

B Listen again. Circle the adjective that best describes each experience.
1 Her tlip was very (short I scary / scenic). 3 Her trip was pretty (short I scary / boring).
2 His trip was quite (scary / unusual / relaxing). 4 His trip was really (short / scenic / boring).
C Complete each information question, using the simple past tense.
1 A: .......... on vacation?
B: We went to Greece. B: We walked along the beach and enjoyed the sun.
2 A: .......... stay there? 4 A: ............. get back home?
B: Two weeks. B: Last night.

Complete each statement or question about vacations. Use past tense forms.
1 (we / buy) a lot of fantastic things on our vacation.
2 (where lyou leat) ........... .. dinnerevery night?
3 (we / sleep) right on the beach. (it / be) ....... so relaxing.
4 (my sister / get back) last weekend. (she / have) ........
a terrific time.
5 (my friend / eat) ........... ........ some fantastic food on her trip to Hong Kong.
6 (when / she / arrive) at the hotel?
7 (l/ have) ....... a terribletime. (the people/ be) .. .. .. quite unfriendly.
8 (we / see) ........ an interesting play in London. And (it / be) .........
pretty inexpensive.
9 (my wife and I / go running) ......... .. every morning on the beach
during our vacation
1O (my brother/ meet) ......... some unusual people on his trip.

WRITING
Write about a vacation you took. Answer the questions.
. When did you go?
. Where did you go?
. How long did you stay?
. How was the trip?
. How was the weather? p. 146
. What did you do? o
.
Time order
Guidance for this writing exercise
. Did you have a good time?
Il TllP ll0T0ll o Lyrics p.

In7071,I wenl on a "My Dream Vacation"

ORAL REVIEW
CONTEST Form two teams. Each team looks at the PAIR WORK Choose one of the vacation pictures.
vacation pictures below and takes turns making a Create a conversation for the people. Start with one
statement about the vacation, using the past tense. of these, or your own idea:
Continue until one team cannot say anything more. . CanI give yov a hanA? . fhis 6ed is awful!
(Each team has thirty seconds to make a statement.) . Excute me! .fhis is so relaxing.
ROLE PLAY Create a conversation for the two women
on February 5. Start like this:
Were you on vaeation?

n
n
n
n
UNIT 7 85
 1 Shop and payforclothes.
2 Ask for a different size or color.
3 Navigate a mall or department store.
4 Discuss clothing do's and don'ts.

A VOCABULARY o Clothes and clothing departments

CARDS
Look at the online catalogue. Then listen and repeat.

B DISCUSSION What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying clothes online?

86 UNIT 8
 EilGUSH FOR TOOAY'S WORLD
Understand English speakers from
different language backgrounds.
PHOTO STORY Read and listen to a conversation between a Shopper = Chinese speaker
clerk and a customer about a sweater the customer wants to buy- Clerf( = Russian speaker

Shopper: Excuse me. How much is Shopper: Could I get it in a larger Shopper: No, thanks. l'll just take it.
that V-neck? size? It's a present for my sister. Would
Clerk: This red one? lt's $55. Clerk: Here you go. This onet a you be nice enough to gift wrap it
Shopper: That's not too bad. And it's medium. Would you like to try for me?
really nice. it on? Clerk Of course!

D THINK AND EXPLAIN Complete each statement. Then explain your answer.

1 The shopper wants to know the ......... of the sweater. 3 The clerk brings the shopper a different
@ price b size a stze b color
How do you know? The clerk says,

2 The shopper asks the clerk for another 4 The sweater is for ......... .

a color b size a the shopper b a different person

How do you know? The shopper says, How do you know? The shopper says,

E FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Complete each statement with a quotation from the Photo Story.
1 The shopper says, 'i .....;................. " to get the clerk's attention.
2 The shopper says, " ..... " to say that the price of the sweater is oK.
3 The clerk says, when she gives the shopper the second sweater.

SPEAKING
DISCUSSION What's important to you when you choose a clothing store or website? Complete the chart.
Then compare charts with your classmates. Explain your reasons.

lmportant

a) o
o o
o o
C o
UtllT 8 87
 Shop and pay for clothes

Also:
nllEIIEIT
FLASH
CARDS
VOCABU RY Iypes of clothingand shoes Formal clothes
a dress
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeau a skirt
a suit
a tie

@jeans @aT-shirt @acrewneck @acardigan @ oxfords @ loafers

@asweatshirt @a polo shirt @aturtleneck @aV-neck @ sandals @ running shoes
@ sweatpants @awindbreaker @a blazer @ pumps @ flats
B PAIR WORK Tell your partner what you're wearing today. I'm wearing black jeans and
a white turtleneck today. ll

GRAMMAR Uses of objectpronouns Subject Object

pronouns pronouns
As direct objects Itme
direct object (noun phrase) direct object (pronoun)
you ) you
I want the cardigan. t I want it.
he ) him
I love these pumps. t I love them.
she ) her
itrit
ln prepositional phrases
we)us
they ) them
prepositional phrase (with nouns) prepositional phrase (with pronouns)
We gave the loafers to the clerk. t We gave the loafers to hirn.
ls he buying a blazer for his wife? .) ls he buying a blazer lar her?

In a sentence with both a direct object and a prepositional phrase, the direct object comes first.
We gave the V-neck to the clerk. NOT We gave
p. 136
He's buying it for her. NOT He's buying
r Direct and indirect objects: usage

A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete each conversation, using the correct object pronouns.

1 A: Did you buy the green sweatpants? 5 A: Does your daughter want this cardigan?
B: Yes, I bought ..th...n.. yesterday. B: Yes, she definitely wantsit . But she
needs a size large. This one is too small.
2 A: Don't you love these cool windbreakers? A: l'm sure you can get it her
for ............ in
them . And they're so cheap!
B: Yes, I really love ............ large. Ask the clerk.
3 A: Should I buy this crewneck over here? 6 A: Did you want that blue polo shirt, sir?
B: ltt too expensive. Don't buy it B: Yes, thanks. l'd like to buy it . Could you
4 A: I love this T-shirt. l'm buyingit for Dad. gift wrap it me
for ............, please?
nlETMil
MORE
E(ERCISES B: Don't buy it for him . Dad hates black clothes.

88 UNIT 8
B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Unscramble the words and phrases to write statements.

1 t / lt / for her / buying / am ..........

I am buying it for her
2 getting I they I them / for us / are they are getting them for us
3 for my son-in-law / | / them / need I need them for my son-in-law
4 please I it I to me / give it give to me please
5 it / he / is / finding / for me he is finding it for me

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to someone pay for clothes.
A: l'll take these polo shirts, please.
B: Certainly. How would you like to
pay for them?
A: Excuse me?
B: Cash or credit?
A: Credit please. And could you
gift wrap them for me?
B: Of course!

B RHYTHM AND TNTONATTON Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

C FIND THE GRAMMAR Find and circle allthe object

pronouns in the Conversation Model and in the photo
Story on page 87. How many did you find in each place?

Shop and pay for clolhes

CONVERSATION ACTTVATOR Choose clothing from the

pictures. (Or choose from the online store on page g6.)
Then, with a partner, change the Conversation Model,
using the clothes you chose. Use the correct object
pronouns. Then change roles.
A: l'll take ......... , please.
B: .......... How would you like to pay for .........
A: Excuse me?
B: Cash or credit?
A: ......... , please. And could you gift wrap ......... for me?
B:......... .

D0lt'T sT0P!
Before you pay, talk about other clothes.
I love this / these !

Ask about prices.

How much is / are ?

CHANGE PARTNERS Create another conversation. Use

different clothes

UNIT 8 89
 Ask for a different size or color

Nll;fi7fl
FLASH
CARDS
VOCABULA Clothingthat comes in "pairs"
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

boxers brlefs

B LISTEN TO INFER Listen to the conversations. Complete each statement with

Departments
the name of a clothing department.
Men's underwear
1 She should go to 3 She got them in Athletic wear
Outerwear
2 She should go to 4 They're in ........ Lingerie
Sleepwear
Hosiery

GRAM MAR Comparative adjectives

Use comparative adjectives to compare two people, places, things, or ideas.

have these pa This pair is a little tight.
shoes that are These are very small.
have a pair of es? These are just too expensive.

Use than after the adjective when you compare two people, places, or things.
That suit is nicer than the one I'm wearing.
The crewneck is nice, but
These gloves are more expensive than the other pair. the cardigan is nicer.

Spelling rules
+er +I + ier consonant + er lrregular forms
small + smaller large + larger heavy > heavier big ) bigger good ) better
cheap t cheaper loose > looser pretty t prettier hot t hotter bad t worse

BUT use more or less with adjectives that have two or more syllables
and don't end in a. p. L37

more expensive / less comfortable . Comparative adiectives: spelling rules

90 UNIT 8
 GRAMMAR / VOCABULARY PRACTICE Write the opposite of each comparative adjective.
More than one correct answer may be possible.
1 smatler ..!ers=.r.......... 3 lighter 5 more expensive
2 taller 4 tighter 6 less popular
GRAMMAR PRAGTICE Complete each conversation with comparative adjectives. Use than if necessary.
1 A: Don't take that nightgown to Hawaii! lt,s .............
hot --""'J ............
it is here. Take somethinq " 'liglii "' '
B: Good idea.
2A: What do you think of these red gloves?
B: Beautiful. They're ....... .....p;iti the black ones. And they,re too.
cheap
3A: Excuse me. Do these pants come in a ............... length?
B: l'm sure they do. Let me see if lcan find you 1?............ ........ pair.
gooo
4A: ljust love these pajamas, but I wish they were .........
B: well, these blue ones look warm. Blue is a reaily flatt#i;E color for you,
and they're much .........
;iij;;;;r;...

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to someone ask for a different size.

Yes, we do. Here you go.

Thanks.
Would you like to take them?
Yes, please. Thanks for your help. )0rl extra extra large

My pleasure.

RHYTHM AND INTONATTON Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

Ask for a different size or color

NOTEPADDING On the notepad, make a list of clothes

you'd like to buy.

CONVERSATTON ACTTVATOR With a partner, personalize

the Conversation Model. Use your list of clothes. Ask for
a different size or color. Then change roles.

A: Excuse me. Doyou have ......... in ......... ?

B: Yes, we do. Here you go.
A: Thanks.
B: Would you like to take ......... ,
D0ll'I$T0P!
r Ask about other clothes, sizes, and colors.
Doyouhave_in...
A: ......... . Thanks foryour help. a smaller / larger size?
B:
. Pay for the clothes. a darker / lighter color?
[black]?
size [10]?
C CHANGE PARTNERS Ask about other types of clothes. How much is / are ?
How would you like to pay for _?
Cash or credit?

UNIT 8 91
 Navigate a mall or department store

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

ffi VOCABULARY o lnterior locations and directions Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

in the back

on the right

down the hall

top floor / level
third floor / level Prepositions of
interior location
second floor / level
i the first level
ground floor / level on i the ground floor
: the top floor
basement ; the
. basement
rn i the men's casual department
j men'S CaSUal

down = !
u0=f

take i take i

go down I the escalator go down : the stairs

90up: goup i

LI ENING COMPREHENSION
A UNDERSTAND LOCATIONS AND DIRECTIONS Listen to directions in a department
store. Write the number of each location in the white boxes on the floor diagrams.

FRONT
ENTRANCE

GROUND s

B PAIR WORK Take turns asking for and giving directions to any of the locations.

92 UNIT 8
 Etl
tlEo PRONUNCI ION Contrastivestress for clarification
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeal B PAIR WORK Now practice the conversation
A: The shoe department is upstairs, on the third floor. with a partner.

B: Excuse me? The first floor?

A: No. lt's on the tf'?O nJor.
STORE DIRECTORY

Navigate a mall or department store

NOTEPADDING Choose five departments from the store directory and

write one thing you'd like to get in each department.

:
ltnent
I

fur

REVIEW AND RECYCLE LANGUAGE Prepare for

the role play. Write the four topics below on a
separate sheet of paper. With a partner, make
a list of language you know for each topic.

I Ask for directions.

2 Describe store locations.

3 Ask for a size, color, etc.

4 Pay for things.

1a9. !11 lael<!ry f,t t|e lqriqry

GROUND
FTSOR

ROLE PLAY Using the floor plan, role-play

a conversation between the shopper and
the clerk at the information desk. Use your
notepad from Exercise A. Use your vocabulary
lists from Exercise B. Then change partners,
roles, and items you'd like to buy.

UNIT 8 93
 Discuss clothing do's and don'ts

BEFORE YOU READ

EEIInE
FLASH VOCABULARY c Formality and appropriateness Read and listen to each pair of antonyms.
CARDS
Then listen again and repeat.

Formality Appropriateness Strictness

formal for special events when appropriate socially correct llberal without many rules for
casual clothes are not OK appropriate dress
inappropriate socially incorrect
informal for everyday events conservative with more rules for
when casual clothes are OK appropriate dress

R DING

Last-Minute vel Deals Packing Tips Cultural lnformation Health and Safety About Us

Turkey
Pack light clothing for the heat. Even though most tourists wear T-shirts and shorts, Turkish
people usually wear more modest clothes: dresses or blouses with sleeves for women, and
shorl-sleeved shirts and long pants for men. For tourists visiting Turkey's beautiful historic
places, casual comfortable clothing is fine for men and women. lf you visit a mosque, however, the
dress code is stricter, and shorts are definitely inappropriate for both men and women. Women must
covertheir knees, shoulders, and head, and men must covertheir knees and shoulders. Everyone
must remove his or her shoes. 0n Turkey's beaches, on the other hand, anything goes for tourists.
Shorts, T-shirts, and sandals or flip-flops are normal for both Turkish people and foreigners.

Flip-fiops are popular summer shoes almost eve here.

The nited States

United States weather in July differs by region. A good rule of thumb is to check an lnternet
weather site to be sure. The dress code is generally liberal, so it's common in the warmer
months for Americans of both sexes to wear T-shirts, shorts, and sandals or flip-flops
on the street and in informal settings. But young people
frequently wear some pretg wild clothes! The dress code,
howeve[ is definitely nof anything goes in schools, formal
restaurants, or religious institutions. There, more conservative
clothes and shoes are appropriate, with women wearing
skirts, dresses, or nice pants with a sweater or a blouse. But
even in more formal places like offices, women never have to
cover their arms. For men, in formal settings, a suit and tie or a
nice shirt and a blazer are always appropriate.

94 UNIT 8
 IDENTIFY SUPPORTING DETAILS Circle T (true) or F (faEO. Explain each of your responses.
T F 1 lt's appropriate to wear shorts in Turkish mosques.
T F 2 The dress code for tourists is pretty liberal on Turkish
beaches.
T F 3 Clothing customs in Turkey are "anything goes" for everyone.
T F 4 The United States is very conservative about clothes.
T F 5 ltt appropriate for young Americans to wear wild clothes in religious institutions.
T F 6 Flip-flops are inappropriate in formal restaurants in the United states.

PARAPHRASE What are the main differences in the dress codes of Turkey and the United States?
Use the Vocabulary from page 94 in your description.

APPLY INFORMATION lmagine you are going on a trip to

New York in June, when the weather is warm or hot during $" l'm taking two or three pairs of shorts.
,' lt's really warm in the summer there,
the day and cool at night. You want to go to nice restaurants , :,,.. and it's OK to wear casual clothes in
and visit historic places and parks. Plan your clothes for a " rir New York. . . . pf
one-week visit. Be specific. Explain your choices.

Discuss clothing do's and don'ts

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Take the opinion survey. NOTEPADDING With a partner, write some clothing
do's and don'ts for visitors to your country. Do the
same rules apply to both men and women? Use the
survey as a guide.

C GROUP WORK Now discuss clothing do's and don'ts

for your country. Does everyone agree?

Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading

that were new to you. Use them in your Group Work.
For example: "modest clothes."
 Listen to the conversations. Use the context to infur which department the
people are in. Listen more than once if necessary. Departments
Shoes
lags and Accessories
2............... 5 Ft0stery
Outerwear
3 ............... Sleepwear
Lingerie
Electronics
Express your opinion. Complete the chart with the appropriate kinds of shoes and
clothes for certain places and occasions.

Complete the travel article with the comparative form of each adjective. Use than when necessary.

When you travel, think carefully about the clothes you pack. As far as color is concerned,
. colors are usually For
1 dark 2 practical 3 cool
destinations, ablazer can be a windbreaker or
,i corivenii:nt
cardigan because you can wear it in ..... ...... settings such as offices
5 ioni"iuutiu"
and ... ... restaurants. For travel to areas of the world,
6 formal 7 hoI
clothes are ... ... ones.
9 comfortable

D Rewrite each sentence. Change the underlined prepositional and noun phrases to object pronouns.
1 Please show the loafers to mv husband . ..1!.".g.tg..r.h.o.Y.!h.en.!.q.h!n'..................
2 They sent the jeans to their grandchildren.
3 How is she paying Robert for the clothes?
4 When are we buying the gift for Marie?

WRITING
lmagine that you have a friend from another country who is coming to visit
tTOPll0ICJl
q . Lyrics p. r5o
you in January. Write a letter or e-mail to your friend, explaining what to pack
"Anything Goes"
for the trip. Cive your friend advice on appropriate and inappropriate dress.
..memri .rilrdiflrl
SONG| KARAOKEi

p. 146
o Connecting ideas with because
and since
. Guidance for this writing exercise

96 UNIT 8
CIRAI- RE\,IIE\\i
CONTEST Sird,, ihe picture. Name all the kinds of
sweaters and shoes and the kinds of clothing that come in
pairs. (fhe student who can name the most kinds wins.)

PAIR W0RK \ll,ith a partner, make comparisons about the

clothes. For example:
\J.z"rs a(e r.ore for-ol lhanwinAbreakert"
ROLE PLAY Look at the directory. Create conversations for
the following people:
. the shoppers and clerks at the information desk
. the customer and the clerk talking about the jackets
. the clerk and the customer paying for clothes ':

n Sfrop and pay for clothes.

n Ask for. a different size or color.
E Navigate a mall or department store.
E Discuss clothing do's and don'ts.
 1 Discuss schedules and buy tickets.
2 Book travel services.
3 Understand airport announcements.
4 Describetransportation problems.

Read the schedules. Use them to find the answers to the questions.

1 ltt now 10:00 n.v. When is the next bus to Nazca?

2 When is the next non-stop bus to Nazca?
3 How much time does it take to get from Beijing to Shanghai on train '1461?
4 Which train is faster, train 1461 or train D31?
5 What time does flight 26 depart for Tokyo? When does it arrive?
B PAIR WORK Ask your partner more questions about each schedule.
d S How long is the flight * *
from Osaka to Tokyo? Fr

98 UNIT 9
 EIIGI-ISH FORTODAY'S
Understand English speakers from
different language backgrounds.
PHOTO STORY Read and listen to a conversation between Marcos = Portuguese speaker
two people trying to catch a flight. Roger = French speaker

Marcos: Excuse me. Do you speak Roger: And where is home?

English? Marcos: Brazil. Sio Paulo.
Roger: Actually l'm French. But, yes. Roger: No kidding! l'm going to go to
Marcos: Thank goodness! l'm looking S5o Paulo next weekl
for Terminal 2. Marcos: Really? What a small world!
Roger: No problem. l'm on my way
there now. Just follow me.

D FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Find and write an underlined word or expression from

the Photo Story with the same meaning:
1 l'm taking a plane to . 2 Let's walk faster. 3 l'm taking another flight to .

E THINK AND EXPLAIN Circle T (true), F (false), or Nl (no information). Then explain each answer.
T F Nl 1 Flight 56 leaves from Terminal 2. T F Nl 4 Marcos is staying in Manila.
T F Nl 2 Roger lives in France. T F Nl 5 Roger is staying in Manila.
T F Nl 3 Roger and Marcos are both flying to Manila. T F Nl 5 The two men get to the flight on time.

SPEAKING
PAIR woRK Complete the chart with the means of transportation you prefer popular cheap
for each occasion. Then discuss your choices with a partner. convenient scentc
affordable boring
comfortable long
olfo rd abl e, c o nv e nie nf, I ca
expensrve short
relaxing scary

To school or work
To social events on weekends
For travel in my
For travel outside of mv coun

UNIT 9 99
 Discuss schedules and buy tickets

rilafiEll
FLASH VOCABULARY Kinds of tickets and trips
CARDS

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

PASSEltlGER TI(KET PASSE]IGER TI(ET

a one-way ticket a round-trip ticket

an aisle seat a window seat

B Complete the conversations with phrases from the Vocabulary.

1 A: Would you like a window or an aisle? 3A: Do you want a ..... ticket to Rome?
B: ............. . I like to walk around. B: Actually, lneed a ...............
2 A: ls Flight 3 a ............... flight? l'm not coming back!
B: No. lt's a .......... flight. lt makes a stop, 4 A: l'm sorry. lt's too late to make the
but you don't have to change planes. B: Well, l'll take the ............... . l'm not in a hurry.

GRAMMAR Modals should and could

shquf d
Use should and the base form of a verb to give advice or to make a strong suggestion.
You shouldn't take that flight. You should take the non-stop.
Should they take the bus? (Yes, they should. / No, they shouldn't.)
When should we leave? (Before 2:00.)

could
Use could and the base form of a verb to offer alternatives or to make a weak suggestion.
The express bus is full, but you could take the local.
Could I take the 2:2A? ffes, you could. / No, you couldn't.) p. 138
. Modals can, could, and should:
meaning, form, and common errors

A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete each statement or question

with a form of should or could and the base form.
1 ..................:................... the express. The localarrives too late.
he / take
2 Theysaid ............;;.i.d;;........... twoaisleseatsoranaisleandawindowseat.

lm uNlT9
 3 ............... ..... a one-way ticket. lt's much more expenslve each way.
you / not get
4 Which train .............;;.ll;6... ? We absolutely have to be there on time.
5 ............... ..... a ticket at the station or on the train. lt doesn't matter.
they / buy

PAIR WORK Two co-workers are at Penn Station, and they

trrnhr=
work in Oak Plains. lt's 7:2O n.u. They have to arrive in Oak
Plains for work at 9:00. Use the schedule to discuss all the 7:15
possible choices. Use could and should. Explain your choices. 7-25
7:3O
They could take the
7:30 express. pp
7:tO

No. That train doesn't

stop in Oak Plains. f f

CONVERS ION MODET

A Read and listen to someone buy tickets.
A: Can I still make the 5:12 bus to Montreal?
B: l'm sorry. lt left five minutes ago.
n, Lqg.?l9..What should I do?
B: Well, you could take the 5:30.
A: OK. One ticket, please.
B: One-way or round-trip?
A: Round-trip, please.

RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and

repeat. Then practice the Conversation Model
with a partner.

Discuss schedules and buy tickets

CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR Choose a place on

the train departure board. lmagine it is now
7:15. With a partner, change the Conversation
Model, based on where you want to go. Express
disappointment. Then change roles.
A: Can I still make the ......... train to ......... ?
B: No, l'm sorry. lt left ......... minutes ago.

li ;;ii,,;Y::ilj::#Ifl"i oouTsToP!
o Discuss the price of tickets.
A: OK. One ticket, please. r Ask whether the train is a
B: One-way or round-trip? local or an express.
A: ......... , please. r Ask for the kind of seat
you'd like.

CHANGE PARTNERS Practice the conversation

again, using the bus, train, and flight schedules
on page 98. Discuss other departures.

uNtT 9 101
 GRAMMAR Be s.oins,to + base form to express the future: Review

I'm going to tako the bus to New York. I'm not going to fly. Remember: The present continuous is
She's going to eat at the airport. She's not (or She isn't) going to eat at home. also often used to express future plans.
We'ro going to takc a taxi into town. We're not (or We aren't) going to drivc. Next week, I'm takingthe bus to
New York.
Questions
Are they going to need a taxi? (Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.)
ls Beth going to make a reservation? (Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.)
When are you going to arrive? (At noon.) Who are they going to meet? fl-he travel agent.)
Where is he going to wait? (ln the restaurant.) Who's going to take me to the airport? fom is.)

p. 139
o Expansion: future actions
A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete each statement or question with
be going to and the base form of the verb.

1 ............... tickets for 4 Who ' 'i;G" "" ' him to

., thev / not buy
the express. the train station?
2 When .............. for 5 Who ............... in
she / leave he / call
the airport? chicago?
NGIIII
MORE
an aisle seat? 6 Where .... when larrive?
B(ERCISES Dad / be

B Complete the e-mail. Circle the correct verb forms.

Here's my travel information: I (1 go to leaving / 'm going to leave) Mexico City at 4:45 p.u. on Atlas Airlines
flight6702, and l'm arriving in Chicago at 9:50 p.v. Marat flight (2 is going to get there / going to get there) DrdIT[
VIDEO
COACH
ten minutes later, so we (3 're go meeting / 're going to meet) at the taxi stand downstairs. That's too
late for you to come to the airport, so we can take the express bus from O'Hare to the city. Mara
(4 goes to spend / is going to spend) the nightatourapartment. HerflighttoTokyo isn't leaving until
the next day,.and she and I (5 are going to spend / going to spend) the whole day shopping!

C PAIR WORK Ask your partner three questions about

his or herfuture plans. Use be goinq to.

ffi VOCABU RY lravel services

A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

a rental car alimousine/alimo

UNIT 9
 LISTEN TO INFER Listen to the conversations. Then listen again and complete
each sentence with be going to and infer the name of a travel servilce-

1 He "
;";;;;
(reserve)
'nl ;il;; il;;"or^',?J3,.,.
2 The tourist ......... (need) The agent .... (check) to
in Seoul. see if he can reserve .. for the tourist.

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to a conversation between a
travel agent and a business traveler.
A: Hello. BakerTravel. Can I helpyou?
B: I hope so. l'm going to need a car in Dubai.
A: Certainly. What date are you arriving?
B: April6th.
A: And what time?
B: Let me check . . . 5:45 p.v.

RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

FIND THE GRAMMAR Find and underline two ways that

A and B express future plans in the Conversation Model.

CI{ECK
ANO EAGGAGE

Book travel services

PASSEilGEBTICI(€"I
.'
rrllfr7lr A
UDEO r ' CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change the :*kll,,i';*" ;:''^::l;ll"'
LtlqA T0 cuzc0
:OACH
Conversation Model. Book a rental car, a taxi, or a limousine.
Use the tickets for arrival information. Then change roles.
?
o ttt ?611e86531
A: Hello. Can I help you? 889851?612{ |
B: I hope so. l'm going to need .........
in ......:.. .
A: ......... . What date are you arriving? ]|[ll'T ST[P!
B: Book additional services.
A: And what time? I'm also going to need {
B: Let me check [a hotel reservation]. I
13*% , @.&b.t

CHANGE PARTNERS Make your own flight, bus, or train ticket.

Then practice the conversation again, using yqul ticket.

EOARDING PASS
Yorrr Ticket EXCELA RAIL TRANSPORT
From JUNE 26 EXPRESS TRAIN

NEII YORK TO I{ASHINGTON

To
DEPARTURE: 6;00 Pl{
I Date ARRIVALT 9:10 Pl{

Departs Arrives

uNtT I 103
 U nderstand ai rport announcements

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

rJLfiTtt
FLASH
CARDS
A VOCABULARY o Airline passenger information Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

@ depart @ arrive @ take off @ land @ go through security

Class
ECONOMY
CLAS.S
Flighr & Dat€ cate
Some flight problems
o The flight is overbooked.
= The airline sold too
Eoatdlnq
flme
Ffo h

o
t,..iiti;ii
i
The flight
=
,;IJ;JJ'.'?:;10,ff[fl,,
,/flffrttr/ffiflft/t

Othe gate @an agent

@ a boarding pass @ a passenger @ the departure lounge

Use the Vocabulary to complete the pre-flight instructions.

When you
'1
. at the airport, you should take your luggage to the check-in
counter and getyour .............)............. . Then you can
where 4
......... have to put all their hand luggage on the belt. From there
you should go to the . ......s............. your plane is departing from. lf you are early
and your plane isn't at the gate, just have a seat in the ............
6
When they call your flight, you can show your boarding pass to the
7
and get on the plane. Be sure to turn off your phone before your plane . .. ..n ... .

from the gate. Enjoy the takeoff, and have a good flight!

LISTENING COMPREHENSION
A LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to the announcements.
Write the flight information.
1 flight number:
2 original departure gate: .........
3 finaldeparture gate: .........
4 final departure time: .........
t04 uNtT I
 B LISTEN TO UNDERSTAND ANNOUNCEMENTS Listen again and check the travel problems.

! a delay n a gate change

n a cancellation n a security problem
n an overbooked flight n a mechanical problem

EE
TDEO
COACH
PRONUNCI ION Intonation for offering alternatives
A Listen to the rhythm and intonation of alternatives. Then listen again and repeat.

1 Well, you could tate tf,e tral-nlor the bus.

2 They could wait or reserve a later flight.

B Now practice saying each sentence on your own.

Understand airport announcements

A Read and listen to the announcement by the

gate agent. Make sure you understand the details.

la
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Rapid Air
Flight 58 from Brasilia to S5o Paulo is overbooked.
We apologize. We need two volunteers to give up their
seats on this flight. There are seats available on all later
flights to Sdo Paulo. lf you volunteer to take a later
flight, Rapid Air will give you a free round-trip ticket
,,
anywhere we fly. The free ticket is good for one year,

PAIR WORK lmagine thatyou and your partner are business

travelers. You have tickets on flight 58. Here is the situation:
. The time is now 16:35.
. You're on your way to an important dinner in 56o Paulo at 20:30.
. The flight takes about two hours gate to gate.
We could volunteer. Flight 60 is
goinE to arrive before the dinner.
Look at the departure schedule and discuss your alternatives.
What do you think? t

DISCUSSION Summarize your decision for the class

and explain why you made that decision. How
many students decided to take a later flight?

uNtT I 105
 Descri be transportation problems

nffi
BEFORE YOU READ ft(
SERC!
rflafiuil
FLASH
CARDS
A VOCABULARY o Transportafion problems Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

We had an accident. We had mechanical We missed ourtrain. We got bumped We got seaslck.
problems. from the flight.
Also:
LISTEN TO ACTIVATE VOCABULARY Listen and complete each carsick F
statement with the Vocabulary. airsick +
1 They 4 They
2 They 5 They
3 They

READING

Driver blames GPS for train Grash

GOT BUMPED FROM A FLIGHT? night' Edwara Car11 +,:'
BEDFORD HILLS-Last
Maybe itt not so bad after all . .
Plains told police that his
car's global
.i*n.
instructed him t" Tuf:
u
f As most travelers know, airlines
O"*,a"** system (GPS)
I commonly overbook flights because of the train tracks in Bedford
wrong turn directly onto
i the large and predictable number of became stuck on the
..1s_516rvs"_people
who have
H"r.-Wn." he turned, his car
car
reservations but dont show up for the
and he had to abandon the
ffack,
flight. Overbooking helps airlines limit In a statement to
the number of empty seats on their the police' the man
flights. However, if a flight is overbooked, said he was driving
some passengets with confrmed north with his son
reservations have to get off the plane.
on the Saw Mill
Getting bumped isn't always a bad
ParkwaY at about
thing, however. There is a growing
B eu TheY Planned accident
number of passengers who feel lucky The location of last night's
if their flight is overbooked. \iX&y? to go to a restaurant
on Route 117'
Because airlines have to provide bumped
passengers with cash, free flights, hotels, U"i.*t* the instructions from n: t:t
"1t::-:
and/or meaLs to compensate them for ."nJ ;.;;; ut c'""' Lane .BYt':*' 11":1i-t
;;il;;'*""," itt risft thele' '
at:n'-l1o:ff:::f
their inconvenience. and turning
In fact, airlines usually ask for ;.il;;;;. rre turned right
Jl*u'
*1"1:n:
volunteers to get off an overbooked
;;; ;;; ;J his son tried to move the
flight in exchange for those perks, and afterward'-a Metro-
,.".nr, O*, they couldn't' Shortly
Luckily'
many passengers say "Sure!" and happily
deplane. Some people even make a habit
iorJ."*-";er ffain hit Mr' Carter's car'
of choosing flights that are likely to be thererrerenodeathsorinjuries.PolicesaYthatdrivers
to the road' not the GPS
unit'
overbooked, just so they can volunteer! nee d to pay attention

106 UN|T I
CRITICAL THINKING Based on the Reading and your own ideas, discuss the following topics.
1 Why do you think airlines overbook flights?
2 Are there some advantages of getting bumped from a flight? What are they?
3 What are some advantages of GPS systems? What are some disadvantages?
4 Do you prefer GPS systems, online maps with instructions, or paper maps? Explain.

Descri be transportation problems

A Check all the means of transportation you have taken. Then add other means you know.

I bus n train
ffi E limousine n ferry

! ship n airplane n helicopter n other

PAIR WORK Ask your partner questions about the means

of transportation he or she checked. dd When was the last
.;;:; time you took
a train?

NOTEPADDING Choose a time when you had transportation problems.

On the notepad, make notes about the trip.

means of transportation:
month , or year of trip:

GROUP WORK Now tell your story to your classmates.

You won't believe what happened on
Describe your transportation problems. Ask them my business trip. First, I got carsick in
questions about their problems. the airport limo. Then . .-.
Text-mining (optional)
Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading
that were new to you. Use them in your Group Work.
For example: "no-shows."

Problems Responses
The was terrible. Someone stole my _. What was wrong with the _?
The _ were unfriendly. The _ drove me craq. I'm sorry to hear that.
They canceled my _. The fflightl was bumpy / scary. That's a shame / too bad,
The didn't work. The [drive] was long / boring. 0h, nol
They lost my _.

UNIT 9 1U7
 It's 7:26 A.M. now. Listen as you look at the deparhrre
board. Then listen again and use reasoning to determineif
each statement is true or false. Circle T (!IUO or F (false).

T F 1 They could take the 8:31.

T F 2 They should take the 8:25.
T F 3 They're going to Boston.
T F 4 They're both going to take
the train to Washington.
T F 5 He usually takes the 7:25.
T F 6 They should hurry.
Complete each statement with a correct word or phrase.
1 lt's important to make a 5 My husband always gets an....... seat.
early because it can be difficult to find a room He likes to get up and walk around on long flights.
after you arrive.
6 I hope it's a .......... ... flight. lget really
2 When your whole family is going to the airport scared every time the plane takes off or lands.
together, you can reserve a ...............
7 It's not a non-stop, but it's a ...............
It's usually very comfortable and has space for all
flight. You don't have to change planes, but the
of your luggage.
plane stops twice.
3 lt can be convenient to book a ..............
8 Are you kidding? The flight was ........... ............. ?
if you want to drive but can't bring your ;;; .;; That was the last flight! Just ten minutes ago they
4 Do you think I could take the ........... said it was here and ready to board!
train? I know itt much faster, but l'm not sure it
stops at my station on weekends.
g The airline the flight, and
when I got to the gate, the agent said another
passenger had my seat. I had such bad luck!

C Complete the conversation with be going to and the indicated verbs.

A: On Saturday, ....1...*;.il;;;;........ ............. forCanc0n.
B Really? 'r t;;7ij;;k ....... a rental car there? There are some
great places to explore.
A No'lthinkt;;7't'v""'onthebeachandrest'
By the way, where "" " for your vacation?
4 9o
you and Margo /
B: l'm not sure. But ....................... to Bangkok on
j...i7.il;;;i..........
business next month, and ........................ a few days
;.. ii i;k;........
off to go sightseeing. I hear it's great.

IVRITING
Write two paragraphs-one about your most recent trip and one about your
next trip. ln the first paragraph, describe the transportation you took and
write about any problems you had. ln the second paragraph, write about p. L47

the transportation you plan to take. Use be going to. a The paragraph
a Guidance for this writing exercise
108 UN|T I
ORAL REVIEW
CONTEST Form teams. Create questions about the piccures
to ask another team. fleams get one point for each corrrt
question and one point for each correct answer.)
What Aay are lhey going to lake lhe frio? GATE LzB
ROLE PLAY Choose one picture. Create a conversation
for the people. Use could and should. For example: AUGUST 22
Agenf:You caulA golo Hawaii or . . . HAli{AIIAN AIRL NE5 TO HONOLULU

GROUP STORY Take turns telling the story in the FLIGHT SATE ) E PARTURT 5TATU5
pictures. Each student adds one sentence. 3450 128 07: 30 :ANCELED
3450 L2B 08:30 ]N TII,IE

Volcano Iour
Bus Schedule
Departures
t4:45
__t___t
_ _
- 15:15
--t__
-_t__ 15:45
_+t__
--l__ -t-_

n Discuss schedules and buy tickets.

n Book travel services.
n Understand airport announcements.
E Describe transportation problems.
 1 Ask for a recommendation.
2 Bargain for a lower price.
3 Discuss showing appreciation for service.
4 Describe where to get the best deals.

VlSTAoard

1
0/07
0/06
:S5j:Xi-^-sAcnoN FEE ,J.::
10/06 HOTEL DE CALLAO

A VOCABULARY c Financial terms B PAIR WORK Ask and answer the questions.
Listen and repeat.
I Do you-or does anyone you know-ever exchange
an exchange rate
money for foreign currency? When? How?
cash 2 When do people generally use cash? When do they
foreign currency usually use credit cards?
an ATM
a fee

110 UN|T 10
 ET{GLISH FOR TODAY'S WORTD
Understand English speakers from
I different language backgrounds.
C PHOTO STORY Read and listen to people shop for souvenirs. I Clert< = ltalian speaker

lenn: Oh, no. I'm a.lmost 9y!.oJ.qes.h.. Pat: Hey, what do you think of this? Clerk: Excuse me. Maybe lcan help.
And I want to get a gift for my lenn: lt's gorgeous. But it's .a.pit ngfg .TS. :llgy. yg.u. :9 ggth.i n9. ng5
mom. I sure hope these shops tg : pgl,'.q.
yv.a.qt.
!h ? l.
l. .afr.e14e9le.
accept credit cards.
Pat: Maybe you can get a better price. fenn: Oh, that one's nice, too. How
Pat I'll bet they do. Let's go in here. much do you want for it?
seli! n.u.r!le.e:\.
Jt
have some really nice.stuff. Clerk: Forty euros.
lenn: I don't know. !,.n.lgt y.ggg.q
nna r vi,ihiiiis;i s;;a.sdJt;nirs
of our trip. .a.t.qqtgeglif'9. fenn: l'll take it. You do accept credit
cards, don't you?
lenn: Great! Clerk: Sorry, no. But there is an ATM
right across the street.

FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Find an underlined statement in the Photo Story with the same meaning
as each of the following:

1 l'd prefer something cheaper. it's a bit more than i want to spend
2 This shop sells good things thet have some really nice stuff
3 I don't know how to ask for a lower price. ........
I'm not veey good at bargaing
4 I don't have much money. I'm almost out of cash
5 Don't be afraid to bargain. it can't hurt to ask
6 Heretacheaperone. let me show you something more affordable

SPEAKING
PAIR WORK Complete the chart with your opinions of the advantages and disadvantages of credit cards
and cash. Then discuss your ideas with a partner.
 Ask for a recommendation

GRAMMAR Superlative adjectives

i lrregular forms
Use superlative adjectives to compare more than two people, places, good t better (than) ) the best
:i
things, or ideas. j bad t worse (than) t the worst
' Which projector is the cheapest of these three? (the + an adjective + est)
Which brands are the most (or least) popular in your store? (the most / least + an adjective)
, the most = 'l
the least = 0
adjective comparative superlative adjective comparative
cheap cheaper (than) the cheapest comfortable more / less comfodable (than) the most / least comfortable
nrce nicer (than) the nicest portable more / less portable (than) the most / least portable
easy easier (than) the easiest difficult more / less difficult (than) the most / least difficult
big bigger (than) the biggest expensive more / less expensive (than) the most / least expensive
p. 140
o Comparatives and superlatives:
A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Read the salesperson's recommendations.
usage and form
Complete each statement, using the superlative form of the adjective.
1 The V5 is ......... vacuum cleaner model from Zorax. fif.mil
VIDEO

2 The Blendex is very inexpensive. lt's ............ . .;ii;;p.. . blender we sell.

3 Compared to our other washing machines, the Laundrex 300 is ..............
easy to use
4 The Focus C50 is .............. ......... digital camera we sell.
popular
5 The Vista PX is ............................................
" '"'' webcam you can buy.
lishi"
5 our customers say the My Juice 500 is ......... juicer available today.
p;;.ii'i.....
7 You'll ................Jiiii."ii...... to use.
like the Morning Brew coffeemaker. lt's
S lfyoudon'twanttospendalot,theViewMasteris.............;;i;;;;;;... projectoryoucanbuy.
9 The lmpress 400 isn't .....:................. projector we have, but it is the best.
expenstve

B GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the conversations. Use the superlative form of the adjectives.
1 A: All of these cameras are easy to use.
B: Butwhich is .............. . ?
;;;ii.................
2 A: All of our ski sweaters are pretty warm.
B: But I want a really heavy one. Which brand makes ..... ones?
heavy
3 A: She wrote at least six books about ltaly.
B: I know. But which of her books is .............. ......... ?
interesting
4 A: Do you want to take a taxi, bus, or train to the airport?
B: Which is ..............iJ^r",ii1,"i..... ......... ?

A: You can study English at any school you want.

B: OK. But which school is .............. ......... ?
good
marilr 6 A: Here are three vacation packages you can choose from.
B: That's nice. But justtell me which one is ..... . ......;ff;;;bl;.. . .. ......
MORE
EXERCISES .

112 UN|T 10
CONVERS ION MODEL
A Read and listen to someone ask for
a recommendation.

A: l'm looking for a pressure cooker. Which is the

least expensive?
B The Steam 2000. But it's not the best. How much.
do you want to spend?
A No more than $'100.
B Well, we have some really good ones in your
price range.
A: Great! Could I have a look?

RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and repeat.

Then practice the Conversation Model with a partner.

Ask for a recommendation

A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, change the

Conversation Model. Use superlative adjectives. Use the
ads, or your own real ads, to ask for a recommendation.
Then change roles.
A: l'm looking for .......... Which is the ')

B: The But it's not the

How much do you want to spend?
A: No more than
B: Well,
A: ......... .

DOI{'T STOP!
Continue the conversation.
I'm also looking for [a coffeemaker].
Tell me about the lBrew King].
Do you accept credit cards?
ls there an ATM nearby?
I think l'll take the [Power X].

CHANGE PARTNERS Askfora

recommendation for another
type of product.

EXTENSION Bring in newspaper ads for

similar products. Use both comparative and
superlative adjectives to discuss them.

uNtT 10 113
 Bargain for a lower price

CONVERS ION MODEL

A Read and listen to someone bargain
for a lower price.
A: How much do you want for that rug?
B: This one?
A: No. That one's not big enough. The other one.
B: 300.
A: That's a lot more than I want to spend.
I can give you 200.
B: How about225?
A: OK. That sounds fair.

B RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again

and repeat. Then practice the Conversation
Modelwith a partner.

GRAMMAR Ioo and enoush

When something is not satisfactory, use:

too + an adjective not+adiective+enough
Those rugs are too small. OR Those rugs aren't big enough.
That camera is too heavy. OR That camera isn't light enough.

When something is satisfactory, use an adjective + enough.

p. 141
This coffeemaker is small enough, I'll take it.
. Usage: verv, really, and too

Be careful!
Don't say: This coffeemaker is

GRAMMAR PRACTICE Read the conversations between customers and salespeople.

Adjectives
Then complete each conversation. Use too or enouqh and an adjective from the list.
big
1 A: Myphotocopieris .............. . .l'm readyforan upgrade! cheap
expensive
B: oK. I have several models that are very fast. How much do you want to spend? fast
heavy
2 A: These jeans aren't very uncomfortable.
. They're light
quiet
B: l'm so sorry. Let me get you a larger size. Here you go.
slow
small
3 A: I like these portable speakers, but they really aren't for travel.
B: Then check out this pair. They're lighter, and you can have them for $20.
4 A: Are you sure this microwave is ........ ....... ? l,m a pretty busy guy.
B: Absolutely. The X11 is our fastest model. And I can give you a great price.
5 A: How about this fan? Listen. lt's very quiet.
B: Thatt definitely for my bedroom. And itt very affordable. l'll take it.

MEIIiT 6 A: This jacket is a real bargain, sir. lt's only $692.

MORE
EXERCISES B: $692? Thatt . I don't want to spend that much.
114 UNIT 1O
Firn
VIDEO
@ACH
PRONUNCI ION Rising intonation for clarification
A Use rising intonation to ask for clarification. Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
1 A: Could I have a look at those bowls? 2 A: How much is that vase?
B These small ones? B Ihis g n-tf
one?
A No, the big ones. A That's right.

PAIR WORK Place pairs of objects on your desk.

Ask to have a look, and practice using rising
dd Could I have a look
intonation to ask for clarification. Pf
,rnglasses?
'
Il These brown ones? ll
tlifiEfl
FLASH
CARDS
VOCABU How to bargain
A Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

r How much do you want for . How much do you want

that [shawl]? to spend?
o That's more than I want . I could go as low as [seventy].
to spend. o I can't go lower than [sixty].
o I can give you [twenty] for it.
. You can have it for [fifty].
o Would you take [thirty]?
r How about fforty-fivel?
o All I have is [org].
o lt's a deal.
o lt's a deal.

B LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to people bargain. Complete each statement with the amount they agreed
on and the type of item.
1 The buyer pays forthe 3 The buyer pays forthe
2 The buyer pays for the 4 The buyer pays for the

Bargain for a lower price

A CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR With a partner, imagine

that you are in a place where bargaining is common.
One of you is the buyer, and the other is the seller.
Use the Vocabulary and the photos, or your own
ideas. Then change roles. Start like this:

A: How much do you want for .........7

00t{'T sToP!
o Ask about size, color, features, brand, etc.
. Use too and enough.
o Use superlatives.

CHANGE PARTNERS Create a new conversation.

$s
Bargain for the other items.
115
 Discuss showing appreciation for service

BEFORE YOU READ

WARM-UP ln your opinion, why is it important to understand the customs of other countries?

READING

In some countfies around the wotld. r-ou never bave

to tip. But in most countries-2g 1s251 180 of them-
tipping is customary, and the tules can be quite
complicated.

Restaurants
In the U.S., restaurant servers expect a ip of 1.5 to 20ok
of the check--depending on how satisfied you are
with the setvice. In most othet counffies, howevet, it's
abortl.0o/o.In the U.S., you leave yout tip on the table.
But in Austtia and Getmany, itt considered rude if you
dont hand the tip ditectly to the server.
In Eutope, restaurants almost always add a setvice
charge to the check, so you don't need to leave a
separate tip. But in the U.S., a setvice charge is only
added fot gtoups of six or more people. So it's a
good idea to iook catefully at your check!

Taxis
In the US. and Canada, taxi drivers expect a tip of
1.50k of the taxi fate. However, in South America and
many Eutopean countries, you don't usually tip taxi
drivers. Instead, you can round off the fare and say,
"Keep the change." (For example, if the fate is 3.80
euros, you iust round it of, to 4 eutos.)

Hotels
\ff/hat about the portet who carries your luggage? In Australia, you tip about AUS
$3
(JS $2) pet bag. But in most countries, a tip of about US g1 is fine. You can also leave
about US $1 to $2 a day fot the housekeepet rvho cleans your hotel toom.

So check the Internet for infotmation on tipping customs before you travel. And
temembet: Yow neuerhave to tip if the service is tetdble.

A CLASSIFY Circle two answers to each question, according to information in the Reading. Then explain.
1 ln which countries is tipping customary?
a Thailand b New Zealand c Australia d Austria

2 ln which countries do they almost always add a service charge to restaurant bills?
a France b the U.S. c Germany d United Arab Emirates
3 Who expects a U.S. $1 or $2 tip in most countries where tipping is customary?
a hotel clerks b hotel porters c hotel housekeepers d taxi drivers
4 ln which countries should you never leave a tip on the table?
a the U.S. b Japan c Cermany d Australia
116 UN|T 10
 DRAW CONCLUSIONS Read each persont question. Give advice, according to the Reading.
Underline the place in the Reading where you can find the information.

ie Uy class is flying Iil'm going to '.iil'm going to New 31Ym going to be in

to a sports event in Chicago, in the U.S., on Zealand. l'm staying in Toronto, Canada, this
Canberra, Australia, business. Let's say I take a nice hotel for about weekend. Someone
next week. I have two ten clients out for lunch six days. How much told me the fare from
large bags. lf a porter and the bill is U5 $400. should I tio th the airport is CAN $43.
helos me. how much How much more housekeeier? , How much should I
snolla tiipz )l should I leave for tlp the driver?1)
the tip? I !

fitfdllllt ta
MORE V APPLY INFORMATION lmagine that you are visiting one of the countries in the Reading. Describe a
EIERCtSES
situation in a restaurant a taxi, or a hotel. Your classmates decide how much to tip.

Discuss sh3wing for service

lppreciation
FRAME YOUR IDEAS How have you shown appreciation to someone for good service?
Complete the questionnaire. Then tell a partner about your experiences.

! Ileftatip. E I wrote a ('thank-yout' note.

n Igaveagift. n I sent an e-mail to the manager.
tr I said "Thank you." I Other:
$S"r Last year, I went to a restaurant,
:'i::, and the waiter was really nice. At
','r', the end of the meal, I spoke
to the
; , ,1 manager about his great service. f p

NOTEPADDING With a partner, write suggestions to a visitor to your country for

how to show appreciation for good service. What should you do or say? Use your
questionnaire above for examples.

DISCUSSION Now discuss how to show appreciation Text-mining (optional)

for good service in your country. What are the customs? Find and underline three words or phrases in the Reading
that were new to you. Use them in your Discussion.
Does everyone agree? For example: "expect a tip."

uNtT 10 117
 BEFORE YOU LI EN
mdmfl
FLASH A VOCABULARY . How to describe good and bad dears Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
CARDS

got a great deal.

Bz-100 She

She saved a lot of money,

digitaf eamera
It was a real bargain.

Now on
SALE
for onlY He got a bad deal.
He paid too much money.

It was a total rip-off.

ACTIVATE NEW VOCABULARY Read about two shopping experiences. With a partner,
write a two-sentence summary of each story, using the Vocabulary.

my last business trip, I wanted to buy When I was on vacation, I decided to look
handmade rug. So I went to a store for an antique vase. I found a beautiful blue
had some really nice stuff I found a and white one from the sixteenth century
I one, but the asking price was I bargained with the salesperson about
high: US $900. I'm not very good at the price, and she came way down for me.
*Y e* bargaining, but I figured it couldn't hurt
to ask So I said, "l can go as hlgh as
I was almost out of cash, but I bought it. lt
was a bit more than I wanted to spend, but
$350 " We bargained for a long time, but I really liked it. Later, a friend told me that
the merchant didn't come down in prlce. the "antiques" in these shops aren't really
Finally, we shook hands, and I turned to antiques-they're actually newl I guess
leave the store. The merchant was very I paid too much, but it's still a nice souvenir
surprised, and he stopped me. I thought of my trip.
the handshake meant "Sorry. Thats too
low." But it really meant "lt's a deal." So
I

bought it for $350

LISTEN I NG COM PREHENSION

A LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to the conversations about shopping.
Then listen again and complete the chart.

LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen again. Write the price each person paid.

1 ......... euros 2......... pounds 3......... dollars 4......... pesos

118 UNIT 1O
 Describe where to get the best deals

A NOTEPADDING Complete the chart with notes about places

in your city or town. lnclude an example or a reason for
each opinion you write.

the most expensive department stores?

the nicest hotels? the most unusual markets?

the best fruits and vegetables? the least expensive clothes?

the coolest electronic products? the most unusual gifts?

B DISCUSSION Compare your notes about places in your city or town and discuss where you can
get the best deals.

dd I think the fruits and

vegetables at the North
Market are the best in town. pp

$ Maybe. Butyou can save a I

money at the South Market.
have the lowest prices there
B
v
II
\
/
 ORAL REVIEW
CONTEST Form teams. Create false statements about
the products. Another team corrects the statements.
Super
EasyPix 500 (One point for each correction.) For example:
So Fast! Very Popular
us $35t) us s980 us $220

Now
us $r80 ROLE PLAY Create conversations for the people.
Easy to use
Only 3 oz / .085 ks
Very Professional
Only24 m/.68 kg Only 4.1 oz / .12 kg
. Ask for a recommendation. Start like this:
I'm looking for _. Whieh is the . . . ?

Dazio rt20 Glearview 3Z

. Bargain for the best price. Start like this:
Manna T-20
Brightness: 2fl)0 lumens Brightness: Zl00 lumens Blightness: 4{Xl0 lumens
Hovr mvch do yott V,tanf {or fhat . . .?
Beally a{fordable So powerfull
us$89e US

l\ow-
us $49
Only2.8 lbl127 kg Only 4 lb/ 1.81 kg Only 3.5 lb / 1.59 kq

Cloud 9 Runex
fi"|127 cm 19"/ tl8 cm
Like it loud? This is the onel Very portable
us $1,:ilr9 us s:199

fil$uv Now
us $1,149 us $229

t-
L Ask for a recommendation.
T Bargain for a lower price.
Discuss showing appreciation for service.
Describe where to get the best deals.

=
uNlT 10 121
Argentina Argentinean / Argentine i Guatemala Guatemahn

Colombia Colombian
Costa Rica Costa Rican
Ecuador Ecuadorian
Egypt Egyptian
El Salvador Salvadorean
France French

This list is an at-a-glance reference to the non-count nouns used in Top Notch 1,

aerobics cheese entertainment ice oil servtce traffic

airconditioning chicken fish ice cream outerwear shopping transportation
basketball clothing food juice pasta shrimp TV
beef coffee fruit junk food pepper sightseeing walking
bike riding crab garlic lamb pie skydiving water
bread culture golf lettuce rice sleepwear weather
broccoli dancing health lingerie runnrn9 soccer wildlife
butter dessert history meat salad soup yogurt
cake dinner hosiery milk salt squid
candy electronics hot sauce music sausage swimming
cash English housework nature seafood tennis

base simple past i base simple past I base simple past

form past participle i form past participle i form past participle
be was / were been : give gave grven r sell sod
begin began begun : go went gone , send sent sent
break broke broken j grow grew grown i shake shook shaken
bring brought brought : have had had ; sing sang sung
build built built 'i hear heard heard i sit sat sat
buy bought bought hit hit hit i sleep slept slept
catch caught caught i hurt hurt hurt i speak spoke spoken
choose chose chosen i keep kept kept i spend spent spent
come came come knew known i stand stood stood
cost cost cost left left i steal stole stolen
cut cut cut lost lost : swim swam swum
do did made made i take took taken
drink drank meant meant i teach taught taught
drive drove met met i tett told told
eat ate paid paid i think thought thought
fall fell put put : throw threw thrown
feel felt quit quit i understand understood understood
find found read read : wake up woke up woken up
fit fit rode ridden : wear wore worn
tly flew ran run i win won won
forget
forg forgot
forg said said i write wrote written
get got

REFERENCE
G ter
The Grammar Booster is optional. lt offers a variety of information and extra practice. Sometimes it further
explains or expands the Unit grammar and points out common erro6. tn other cases, it reviews and
practices previously learned grammar that would be helpful when leaming new grammar concepts. lf
you use the Grammar Booster, you will find extra exercises in the Workbook in a separate section labeled
Grammar Booster. The Grammar Booster content is not tested on any lop Notch tests.

Lesson I

Use Who to ask about people, What to ask about things, Where to ask about places, and
How old to ask about age.

Singular nouns Plural nouns

Who's your teacher? Who are the new students?
What's your name? What are their names?
Where's your father from? Where are your classmates from?
How old is your sister? How old are your children?

A Choose an answer for each question.

I Whatt your name? a Scotland, actually. She's British.

2 Where is she from? b He's the CEO of BRC lncorporated.
3 Where's her father from? c Kim's father? Seoul, I think.
4 Who is Bernard Udall? d Eighteen and ten.
How old are your cousins? e lvan. But everyone calls me Vanya.

Possessive nouns
Add 's to a name or a noun.
Where is Peter's father from? What's the teacher's name?

Add an apostrophe (') to plural nouns that end in -s.

What are the students' names?

Add 's to the name or noun that comes last in a list of two or more.
When is Sally and Hannah's class? Itmy
you ) your
Possessive adjectives he t his
Where's Chad's father f rom? ) she t her
)
Where's his father from? it ) its
What's Sheila's last name? What's her last name? we ) our
What's Lee and Ping's address? t
What's their address? they ) their

Complete each sentence with a possessive form of the noun.

I ................. (Dean) father is an engineer.
2 What is ................. (anec) e-mail address?
3 The book is ................. (Kayta).
4 ............... (Nicole and Sean) class is at eight.
5 What are your (brothers) occupations?

On a separate sheet of paper, write a question for each answer, using What and a possessive adjective.
I My occupation? l'm a student. Whaf'f your oceupalion?
2 Lin and Ben's? lt's 2 Bay Street. 5 Sandra,s nickname? lt,s Sandy.
3 His phone number? lt's 2'l-66-55. 6 My e-mail address? lt's acme4@mail.com.
4 Dave's last name? lt's Bourne. 7 Ray's? His address is 456 Rue Noire.

GRAMMAR BOOSTER 123

 D Complete each sentence with a possessive adjective.

1 This is my sister. ......... husband is from My husband and I live in Chicago, but .........
Ecuador. children don't.
Robert is a new student here. l'd lihpu to meet ......... colleague Sam.
nickname is Bobby. He works with me at the bank.
My friends live in London, but
hometown is in Scotland.

Lesson 2

The verb be gives information about the subject of a sentence. The subiect of a sentence can be a
noun or a pronoun.

noun subject pronoun subject

Our teacher is from the United States. She is from the United States.
That school is new. lt is new.

Affirmative statements
There are three forms of the verb be in the present tense: am, is, and are.
HerYoui
I am a student. She i is late. We i are married.
It: They i

Contracted forms
Contract be with subject nouns and pronouns. Use contractions in speaking and informal writing.
Robin is an artist. = Robin's an artist.
I am a student. = I'm a student.
He is single. = He's single. You are on time. = You're on time.

Negative contractions
There are two ways to form negative contractions.
He's not Brazilian. = He isn't Brazilian.
They're not teachers. = They aren't teachers.

Note: There is only one way to contract I am not ) I'm not.

Don't use contractions with affirmative short answers to yes / no questions.

Are you a salesperson? Yes, I am. NOT
ls he American? Yes, he is. NOT
Are they designers? Yes, they are. NOT

Note: lt is also common to answer just with Yes or No.

Are you a salesperson? Yes.

On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the sentences, using contractions. Then practice saying
each sentence aloud.

1 She is an opera singer. 3 I am a student. 5 My mother is late.

2 They are managers. 4 Bart is from Australia. 6 Yourfather is nice.

B On a separate sheet of paper, write a short answer for each question.

1 ls New York in Russia? 4 ls ltaly a city? 7 Are you Canadian?
2 Are you a scientist? 5 ls it 3:00 right now? 8 ls your father a manager?
3 Are Korea and lapan in Asia? 6 Are you a student? 9 ls English difficult?

124 GBAMMAR BOOSTEB

 Lesson I

Use on with the names of days or dates.

on Thursday on Monday morning on New Year's Day on May 3d
on the weekend on Sundays on a weekday

Use in with periods of time (but not with names of days).

in 2008 in July in [the] spring
in the morning in the 20th century in the 1950s

Use at with specific moments in time.

at 9:00 at dawn at noon
at sunrise at dusk at midnight

Place
Use on with the names of streets and specific physical locations.
on Main Street on Smith Avenue on the corner
on the street on the right on the left

Use in with the names of cities, countries, continents, and other large locations.
in the neighborhood in the center of in Lima town in front of the schirol
in Korea in Africa in the ocean

Use at for buildings and addresses.

at the theater at the supermarket at the bank
at the train station at 10 Main Street

Use at for general locations of activity.

at home at work at school

A Complete the sentences with on, !n, or at.

'l A: When's the movie?
The park opens ......... 6:00 ......... the morning
B: The movie is ......... Friday ......... 8:30. and closes ......... dusk.
2 A: Where is he? 8 ls the concert hall ......... Grove Street?
B: He's not here right now. He's ......... work. 9 I think the theater is ......... the right side of
3 A: Where's his office? the street.
B: lt's ......... the center of town. lo Let's go to the evening show. The concert is
outside, and the weather is really hot
4 A: When was her mother born? the afternoon.
B: She was born ......... January 1. 11 This concert occurs every second year
5 Ar When does the movie take place? November.
B: lt takes place .... .. .. . the 19th century ....... .. Africa. 12 f ll see you ......... Thursday morning in front of
the theater, OK?
6 ......... the weekend, l'm going to the concert .........
the public library.

B Look at the tickets. On a separate sheet of paper, write questions with When or What time.
Write a question with Where.

8:55PM Fridoy,0ct. l7

Phontom of the 0pero

GRAMMARBOOSTER 125
 You can express a preference for an activity with would like to + a verb.
Statements
I'd like to go to the movies tonight.
She'd like to see a play.
They wouldn't like to be late.

Questions and answers

Would you like to go to the lecture with me? Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn't.
Would your parents like to see this movie? Yes, they would. / No, they wouldn't.
What would you like to download? Some good Peruvian folk music.
Where would he like to go? To the concert in the park.
When would they like to leave? At about 9:00 in the morning.
Who would you like to invite to the rock concert? All my friends.
BUT Who would like to go to a play tonight? We would!

Remember: You can also use would like + a noun to state a preference:
I'd like coffee. / Would you like tea?

Contractions
I would like t I'd like
We would not like ) We wouldn't like

Be careful! Don't contract would in affirmative short answers.

Would you like to listen to music? Yes, I would. NOT Yes, Fd

C Complete the conversations with would like to + a verb. Use contractions when possible.
1 A: .......... . (see) Frozen this evening?
B: Sorry. No, I .. .. ... . ... .. . ... . l'm not an animated movie fan.
2 A2.......... . (go)totheconcertwithus?
B: Yes, they ..................
3 A: Who (eat) dinner at Mario's Restaurant?
B: We ................. !

4 A: ................. you (download) a music video?

B: Sounds good! Yes, I ..................
5 What
A: yoursister ... (do)this afternoon afterclass?
She
B: (hang out) with her friends for an hour before dinner.
6 A: When your teacher (show) the video?
B: He .... ... .. . . (show) the video tomorrow morning in class.

Lesson I

Usage
Use the simple present tense to talk about facts and habitual actions in the present.
facts habitual actions
Josh speaks Spanish very well. Josh speaks Spanish every day.
They work at Coffee Central. They work late on Fridays.

Form
Add -s to the base form of the verb for third-person singular (!e, she, or !9.
I like Thai food. He likes Peruvian food.
You study English. She studies French.
They open at 6:00. The store opens at 8:00.
We work at a caf6. Marlene works at a school.

126 GRAMMAR BOOSTER

Negative forms
Use don't (do not) or doesn't (does not) + the base form of a verb to make negative statements.
I don't like American food. He doesn't like Greek food.

Yes / no questions
Use do or does + the base form of a verb to form yes / no questions.
Do you speak Portuguese? Does she speak French? NOT Does she French?

Write negative statements.

1 cwen tikesctassicatmusic. (hersister) ..1!.9tf.is.tg.r.Ap.e.s.n'Llike.cle.ilj.cel. ig......
2 The caf6 closes at 6:00. (the bookstore)
3 Neal lives in Quito. (his sister) .........
4 Miles works in an office. (his brother)
5 I have a big family. (my husband) ....... .. .

6 My younger brother speaks Chinese. (l) ... . . ......

7 Kiko's nephew likes hip-hop. (her niece)

Write yg5 / no questions.

B: No, she doesn't. She lives in another city.

2A. . drink coffee?
B: No, he doesn't. My brother drinks tea.
3A: children?
B: No. We don't have any yet.
4Al. .... in Mexico?
B: No. My in-laws live in Chile.
A:.............. English?
B: Yes, she does. My niece speaks it well.
A: .............. work here?
B: Yes, they do. My cousins work downstairs.
A: .............. ................. early?
B: No. The bookstore opens late.

Lesson 2

Do and does
Use do or does + the base form of a verb to ask information questions.
Where do your in-laws live? Where does your sister-in-law live?
When do you visit your cousins? When does she visit her nieces?
How often do they go to class?
How often does he go to class?

Questions with Who

Compare these questions with Who.
Who visits your aunt in Chicago? My mother does. (My mother = subject)
Who does your mother visit in Chicago? My mother visits my aunt. (my aunt = object)

Be careful! Don't use do or does with Who if the question is about the subject. Always use the
third-person singular form to ask questions with Who about the subject.

Be careful! Always use How manv with plural nouns.

How many cousins do you have? NOT How many do you have?

GRAMMAR BOOSTER 127

 Complete the information questions.
A:.............. youruncle.............? A: ...-.-........ speaks Russian?
B: He's a doctor B: My brother-in-law does.
A: .............. your in-laws .............? A: .............. your niece ............. with?
B: They live in Seoul. B: She lives with my aunt.

A: .............. cousins .. ..........? A: .............. you .............?

B: I have ten of them. B: I study late at night.
A: .............. your parents? A: .............. has three kids?
B: I visit them every weekend. B: My younger sister does.
A: .............. yourstepsister .............? 1O A:......... yourolderbrother
B: She lives across the street. B: He studies in London.

Lesson I

We can make many non-count nouns countable:

a slice of bread, a loaf of bread, three pieces of bread, kinds of bread

The following phrases are used with non-count nouns in order to make them countable:
liquids: a glass of, two cups of, a liter of, six gallons of, a bottle of, a can of
solids: a cup of, a piece of, three slices of, a kilo of, a spoonful of

A Complete each statement with a countable quantity. (Note: More than one phrase of quantity may be possible.)

liquids solids
1 This soup is so creamy. lt has two 4 I ate ... cheese, and now I feel sick.

milk in it. 5 A club sandwich doesn't have two ... bread.

2 She must be very thirsty. This is her third It has three ... bread.
... water. 6 I like my tea sweet. Please put in ..................... sugar.
3 My car has a big gas tank. lt holds ... gas.

Use some and any to describe an indefinite number or amount.

There are some apples in the fridge. (lndefinite number: we don't know how many.)
Are there any oranges? (lndefinite number: no specific number being asked about.)
They are bringing us some coffee. (lndefinite amount: we don't know how much.)

Use somewith non-count nouns and with plural count nouns in affirmative statements.
non-count noun plural count noun
We need some milk and sorne bananas.

Use any with non-count nouns and plural count nouns in negative statements.
non-count noun plural count noun
We don't want any cheese, and we don't need any apples.

Use any or some in questions with count and non-count nouns. There is no difference in meaning.
Do you need any cookies or butter? Do you need some cookies or butter?

B Change the sent€nces from affirmative to negative.

1 There is some coffee in the kitchen. ..Th.el."..i.s.n'I.q.qy.e g..;.n.lh.e.kite he.n.............

there aren't any onions on the table
2 There are some onions on the table. .........
3 We have some cookies we don't have any cookies
4 They need some onions for the soup. They
......... needn't any onions for soup
5 She's buying some fruit at the market She isn't buying any fruit at the market

128 GBAMMAR BOOSTER

 The Reeds want not any eggs for breakfast
6 The Reeds want some eggs for breaKast.
7 I want some butter on my sandwich I want not any butter on my sandwich
8 There is some chicken in the fridge.
There isn't any chicken in the fridge
They need chesses for the pasta
9 They need some cheese for the pasta. .........

C Complete each sentence with some or any.

any
1 ldon'twant ................. more coffee, thankyou. 5 The restaurant is making some pies for the party.
any
2 There isn't ................. salt in this soup. 6 lt's too bad that there isn't .................
any soup.
any sandwiches on the menu.
3 We don't see ................. any
7 I don't see ................. menus on those tables.
some
4 They need ................. sugarfor theirtea. 8 There are .................
someeggs for the omelette.

Ask questions with How much for non-count nouns. Ask questions with How many for count nouns.
How much rice is in the soup? Not much. Two cups.
How many eggs are in the fridge? Not many. Three.

D Complete each question with How much or How many.

1 .................
how much bread do we need? how muchoil should I put in this salad?
5.................
2 ...how
..... much
.. .. .... . salt did you put in the beef stew? how much cheese is there in the fridge?
6 .................
how much
3 ................. hot pepper do you like? how manyslices of bread do you want?
7 .................
4 how
.................
many spoonfuls of sugar do you want in 8 .................
how many cups of coffee did you drink?
your tea?

Some nouns can be used as count or non-count nouns. The word is the same, but the meaning is different.
non-count use count use
Chicken is delicious. I bought two chickens.
Let's watch TV. We have three Ws in our house.
The sun provides light. It's too bright in here. Turn off one of the li

Some words can have a count sense or a non-count sense with only a slight difference in meaning.
I'm in the mood for salad. OR I'm in the mood for a saled.
I'd like steak for dinner. 0R
I'd like a
k for dinner.

Add -s to most nouns.

cup cups appetizer appetizers apple

lf a noun ends in a consonant and 1, change the y to i and add -es.

cherry cherries berry berrier
BUT: Do not change the y when the letter before the y is a vowel.
boy

Add -es to nouns that end in -ch, -o, -s, -sh, or -x.
lunch ]unches radish radishes tomato
box boxes glass glasses

E Write the plural form of each count noun.

I clam 4 olive 7 french fry

2 snack 5 spoonful 8 sandwich
3 cup. 6 pear 9 vegetable
lo potato

GBAMMAB BOOSTER 129

 Lesson 2

Non-count nouns are common in the following categories:

abstract ideas: health, advice, help, luck, fun
sports and activities: tennis, swimming, golf, basketball
illnesses: cancer, AIDS, diabetes, dengue
academic subjects: English, chemistry, art, mathematics
foods: rice, milk, sugar, coffee, fat

All non-count nouns require a singular verb.

Fat isn't good for you.
Mathematics is my favorite sublect.

A Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb.

I Coffee (be) my favorite beverage. 4 lnfluenza (cause) pain and fever.

2 Rice (be) very good for you, even when 5 Darkness (frighten) some people, but I

you are sick. don't know why.

3 Mathematics ................. (create) problems for many Medical advice ................. (help) people decide
students, but not for me! what to do about their health.

B Complete the sentences with a oran. lf the noun is a non-count noun, write an I.
I He has diabetes. 6 Does the restaurant serve rice with the
2 She would like to eat banana. chicken?
3 "................. apple a day keeps the doctor away." 7 He always gives ................. good advice.
4 Would you like appetizer? 8 My family loves ................. music.
5 There's egg on the shelf.

Lesson I

The present continuous consists of two parts: a form of be and a present participle of a verb.

To form a present participle, add -ing to the base form of a verb.

base form present participle
t talking

lf the base form ends in a silent (unvoiced) -e, drop the -e and add -ing.
leave t leaving

ln verbs of one syllable, if the last three letters are a consonant-vowet-consonant* sequence,
double the last consonant and then add -ing to the base form. -* Vowels = a, e, i, o, u
cvc
sit t sitting ' Consonants = b, c, d, f, g,
h, j, k, I, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
BUT: lf the base form of the verb ends in jry, -x, or a, don't double the final consonant. v,w,x,y,z
blow ) blowing
fix t fixing
say t saying

lf a base form has more than one syllable and ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant
sequence, double the last consonant only if the spoken stress is on the last syllable.
aa
per - mit ) permitting BUT or - der t
ordering

130 GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A Write the present participle for each base form. Follow the rules.

1 turn 7 stop 13 sew l9 change

2 ratn 8 exit........ 14 listen 20 be ........
3 run 9 sit 15 do........ 21 have
4 help 1O eat 16 write 22
5 open ll buy 17 begin 23
6 close 12 mix 18 use 24

Remember to form the present continuous with be and a present participle of a verb.
Affirmative statements Negative statements
I'm studying English. I'm not studying French.
You're studying French. You're not studying English.
He's reading a book. He's not reading a newspaper.
She's reading a newspaper. She's not reading a book.
We're watching W. We're not hing a DVD.
They're watching a video. They're not watching W.

B On a separate sheet of paper, change each affirmative statement to a negative statement. Use contractions.
1 She's going to the supermarket. 4 The Roberts are feeding their kids early.
2 He's calling his wife this afternoon. 5 Joel's taking the bus to the movies.
3 l'm cooking dinner tonight. 6 We're getting a new printer.

C Write answers to the questions in complete affirmative or negative statements. Use the present
continuous and contractions.
1 Are you studying English this weekend?
2 When are you taking a vacation?
3 ls it raining now?
4 Where are you eating dinner tonight?
5 Are you listening to music now?
6 Who's making breaKast tomorrow?

Yes / no questions: Place a form of be before the subject of the sentence.

ls she watching W? Are we meeting this afternoon?
Are you driving there? Are they talking on the phone?
ls Stu shopping? Are Nan and Bert studying?

lnformation questions: Use question words to ask information questions.

When are you going? How much are you paying for that computer?
What are you doing right now? Why are you buying that laptop?
Who is he watching on TV?

Be careful! The word order changes when using who to ask a question about the subject:
Who's talking on the phone? (John is.)

D Write a question in the present continuous to complete each conversation.

1 A:..........
B: No. Luke's not watching TV right now.

GBAMMAR BOOSTER 131

 Lesson I

Be careful!
It has to close at 4:00. Does he have to go? Remember:
NOT NOT
t:
You
NOT NOT have to go to class at 9:00.
They
Be careful! Use can with the base form of a verb. We
She can play golf very well. Can he play tennis? She
has to go to class at 8:00.
He

There are three negative forms of can.

He can't swim. = He cannot swim. = He can not swim.

A Correct the sentences.

1 Can they to the movie next week? She doesn't have to working late tomorrow.

2 My mother-in-law have to go shopping this afternoon. She cans go out for dinner.

3 My cousin can't plays soccer tomorrow. 8 Can he visits his in-laws next weekend?

4 Does he has to meet his niece at the airport? 9 You have to filling out an application for your

5 We're going to the beach this weekend, but I no can swim. English class.

6 Alex can to go out for dinner tonight. 10 Do we have to studying now? We're watching TV.

Where can I play soccer around here? fry the park.)

When can they come for lunch? (After class.)
How often can we go running? (Any time. Our afternoons are free.)
What languages can she speak? (She can speak ltalian and Russian.)

Have to
What does he have to do tomorrow? (He has to go shopping.)
How often does she have to work late? (Not often.)
When do they have to buy the tickets? fihis afternoon.)
Where do you have to go this morning? fio the airport.)

Be careful! See the difference when Who is the object or the subject.
Who can John visit on the weekend? He can visit his cousins. (object)
Who can visit his cousins on the weekend? John can. (subject)
Who do you have to call? I have to call my boss. (object)
Who has to write the report? My boss does. (subject)

B Complete the questions, using the cues and can.

1 A: .......... ... basketball? A: .............. ................. ?

(where/l/play)
B: Try the school. lt isn't far. B: Not as much as l'd like to. l'm too busy.
2 A:.......... ... dinner? A: .............. breakfast?
(when/we/have) (who / make)
B: How about tomorrow night? B: What about Bill? He wakes up early.
3A: walking? A: .............. ......... with about classes?
(where/l/go) (wholl/speak)
B: You can go to the park. lt's very nice. B: The receptionist can help you.

132 GRAMMAR BOOSTER

 4A: ......... they ......... (send)
the form to?
B: They can't send it. They ........................... (take)
it to the office.
5 A:.......... you........... (meet)
after class?
B: I ............ (meet) my sister. We're going
to the movies.
6 A: .......... (help) the teacher after class?
B: Chris and Tania. They .......... (clean)
the board.

You can also use be able to + base form for ability or possibility. Can is more frequent in spoken language.
I can play the violin. = I'm able to play the violin. (ability)
Bill can meet you at six. = Bill is able to meet you at six. (possibility)
He can't swim. = He isn't able to swim. (ability)
They can't call this afternoon. = They aren't able to call this afternoon. (possibility)

Use could or was / were able to + base form to talk about the past.
When I was four I could ride a bike (or was able to ride a bike).
They could speak (or were able to speak) French before they were ten.
She couldn't be (or wasn't able to be) there yesterday because she had a meeting.
We couldn't understand (or weren't able to understand) the directions.

Be careful! Use was / were able to (NOT could) for affirmative past statements of possibility.
She was able to be there yesterday. NOT She there yesterday.

D On a separate sheet of paper, change can to be able to in the sentences.

1 She can swim very well. 4 George can meet you at the airport.
2 They can't ride a bicycle. 5 Lucy can't take the bus to the mall.
3 I can't finish this report today. 6 We can call you before the meeting.
On a separate sheet of paper, change the statements from the present to the past.
More than one correct answer may be possible.

1 We're able to help him. 4 Nicole can cook for the party.
2 The Martins can't go to the concert. 5 Rachel and Brooke aren't able to play
3 She is able to be there at seven. basketball at the school.

Lesson 2

Some verbs are non-action verbs. Most non-action verbs are not usually used in the present continuous,
even when they are describing something that is happening right now.
I want a sandwich. NOT I a sandwich. Some non-action verbs
be miss
Some non-action verbs have action and non-action meanings. have need
non-action meaning action meaning know see
I have two sandwiches. (possession) I'm having a sandwich. (eating) like understand
I think English is easy. (opinion) I'm thinking about her. (the act of thinking) love want

GRAMMAR BOOSTER 133

 A Complete the message. Use the simple present tense or the pcsent continuous form of the verbs.

Frequency adverbs generally go after the verb be and before other verbs.
I am usually at the pool on Saturdays.
I usually go to the pool on Saturdays.

Sometimes, usually, often, generally, and occasionally can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence.
Sometimes I go to the mall on Saturdays.
I go to the pool occasionally.

Be careful! Don't use never or always at the beginning or end of a sentence.

ln negative sentences, most frequency adverbs can go before or after don't or doesn't.
Hank usually doesn't go running on the weekend.
Hank doesn't usually go running on the weekend.

Be careful! The frequency adverb always cannot go before don't or doesn't.

I don't always have breakfast in the morning. NOT I have breakfast in the morning.

Be carefull Use the frequency adverb never or not + ever to form the negative. Don't use never with a
negative verb.
I never eat sweets. OR I don't ever eat sweets. NOT I sweets.

Some time
every week "rpr"r.io*-
Time expressions generally go at the beginning or end of a sentence. When a time expression every other dav
is at the beginning, a comma is optional. Don't use d comma when the time expression is at the end. once a month '
Three times a week, I go to the pool. I go to the pool three times a week. twice a year
three times a
The time expression a lot goes at the end of a sentence. week
I go to the pool a lot. NOT Other expressions
once in a while
a lot
B On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the sentences correctly.

1 She plays usually golf on Sunday. 6 Never I go swimming at night.

2 They go to the park hardly ever. 7 Vivian doesn't drink always coffee.
3 I always am hungry in the afternoon. 8 Corey and I play twice a week tennis together.
4 We once in a while have eggs for breakfast. 9 We go often bike riding in the afternoon.
5 Penny doesn't never exercise. 10 She is every day late for class.

134 GRAMMAR BOOSTER

 Lesson I

Use was and were for affirmative statements. Use wasn't and weren't for negative statements.
I was in Rome yesterday. They were in Paris.
She wasn't on time. They weren't early.
Begin yes / no questions with Was or Were.
Was your flight late? Were you late?

Begin information questions with a question word followed by was or were.

How long was your vacation? How many people were there?
Where was your passport? Where were your tickets?

A Complete the conversations with wq5 were, wasn't, or weren't.

1 A: ................. you outof town lastweek? A: Where you last weekend?

B: No, I ................. . Why? B: I ................. on vacation.
A: Well, you ................. at work all week. A: Really? How ................. it?
2 A: How the food? A: How long ................. your trip?
B: Creat! There ................. lots of fresh seafood, and B: Only a few hours, but we pretty tired.
fruit
the delicious. A: ................. your brother on vacation lastweek?
3 A: So yourvacation OK? B: Yes, he ................. . He and his wife .................
B: Well, actually it .................. The food on a cruise.
terrible, and there ................. too
many people.

B On a separate sheet of paper, unscramble the words to write questions, using was or were.
I vacation I your lvery long 3 comfortable / the drive 5 late / your friends
2 your luggage / where 4 you I on the morning flight 5 there / how many / on the train / people

Lesson 2

Form the past tense of most verbs by adding -ed to the base form.
play )
played

For verbs ending in -e or -ie, add -d.

smile )smiled tie ) tied

For one-syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant, double the consonant and add -ed.
stop t stopped plan planned )
For two-syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant: lf the first syllable is stressed, add -ed.
ii-rit; uirit"d
lf the second syllable is stressed, double the consonant and add -ed.
pre-f8r ) preferred

For verbs ending in a consonant and 1, change the 1 to -i and add -ed.
study )
studied

Be careful! Do not use -ed for irregular verbs.

See page L22lor a list of irregular verbs in the simple past tens€ form.

GRAMMAB BOOSTEB 135

 A Write the simple past tense form of the verbs.

1 5 try...---.-. 9 rarn
2 6 stay lo wait
3 change 7 travel tl offer
4 8 arrive 12 hurry

B Write the simple past tense form of these irregular verbs.

1 eat ......... 5 write 9 buy

2 drink 6 meet l0 read
3 swim 7 run ........ 11 pay
4 go..-...... 8 begin l2 understand ..................

Use the simple past tense to talk about completed actions in the past.
My grandparents went to Paris in April.
Last year, we played tennis and did aerobics every day.

Negative forms
Use didn't + the base form of a verb.
He didn't go out last weekend. NOT He didn't out last weekend.
They didn't have a good time. NOT They didn't a good time.

Questions
Begin yes / no questions with Did. Use the base form of the verb.
Did you go swimming every day? NOT Did you swimming every day?

Begin information questions with a question word followed by did. Use the base form of the verb.
Where did you go shopping? When did he arrive? What did they eat every day?

C On a separate sheet of paper, change each affirmative statement into a negative statement.

1 I slept all night. 4 They drank a lot of coffee.

2 We went swimming. 5 We had dinner at eight.
3 She ate a lot of food. 6 He bought postcards.
D On a separate sheet of paper, unscramble the words to write questions. Use the simple past tense.

1 you I go / where / on vacation last summer 4 in London I you ldo / what

2 you lfrom vacation / get back / when 5 your parents / their trip I enioy
3 they I agood flight/ have 6 stay / how long / in Paris / Alicia

Lesson l

The subject of a sentence performs the action of the verb. A direct object receives the action of the verb.
subject verb direct object
I like spicy food.
Anne wears dark clothes.

A Underline the subjects in the sentences. Circle the direct objects.

You can't enter this store before 10:00.

2 Many people buy outerwear in this store. 6 Do you have your credit card?
3 I love red shoes. 7 Marianne wants a pair of warm pajamas.
4 Sanford and Gloria never wear shorts.

136 GRAMMAR BOOSTER

When a sentence contains a direct object and a prepositional phrase, you can use an indirect object to
say the same thing.
prepositional phrase indirect object
I'm buying the gloves for her.
I'm buying her the gloves.
Give the sweater to Jay. Give Jay the sweater.

Be careful! When a sentence contains a prepositional phrase and a direct object, the direct obiect
comes first.
Mindy wrote a letter to her parents. NOT Mindy wrote

When a sentence contains a direct object and an indirect object, the indirect object comes first.
Mindy wrote them a letter. NOT Mindy wrote

B On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite each sentence, changing the prepositional phrase into an
indirect object Pronoun.

1 She buys clothes for them. 4 They serve meals to us in the dining room.
Shebvys them clothes- 5 They never give gifts to me on my birthday.
2 Laurie sends a check to her father every month.
3 At night we read stories to our children.

On a separate sheet of paperf rewrite each sentence, changing the indirect object pronoun into a prepositional
phrase
C
using the preposition in parentheses.
4 His friend showed him the check for dinner' (to)
5 She'd like to get her mother a book. (for)
2 He always gives me the check. (to)
3 I sent my colleagues the tickets. (to)
On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the sentences, adding the indirect object or prepositional phrase to each sentence,
Don't add ony words.

I They sent it on MondaY. (to me) 4 They make lunch every day. (for him)
They rentitto me on l\onday- 5 He brought flowers last night. (his wife)
2 Did they give breakfast at the hotel? (you)
3 We always tell the truth. (her)

Lesson 2

Add -er to one-syllable adiectives. lf the adjective ends in -e add 1.

tight ) tighter loose ) looser

lf an adjective ends in (or is) a consonant-vowel-consonant sequence, double the final consonant before
adding -er.
hot ) hotter

For most adjectives that end in 1, change the y to ! and add -er.
pretty t prettier busy ) busier

To make the comparative form of most adjectives that have more than two syllables, use more or less.
affordable )
more affordable convenient )
less convenient

When comparing two people or things that are both in the sentence, use than when the second person or
thing is mentioned.
She's less practical than her sister. The weather is warmer there than here.

GRAMMAR BOOSTER 137

 A on a separate sheet of paper, write the compantive form dthe a{ectives.
1 tall 5 light 9 sad 13 spicy l7 popular
2 sunny 6 clean lO fatty 14 healthy 18 red
3 comfortable 7 large 11 salty 15 cute 19 conservative
4 heavy 8 late 12 sweet 16 short 20 interesting
complete each sentence with a comparative adjective. Use than if necessary.
1 I like the pink purse. lt's much ......... ...... (nice).
2 Low-fat milk is not bad, but no-fat milk is ............... (healthy).
3 France is ............... (small) Russia.
4 Women's shoes are usually ..... (expensive) men,s shoes.
5 lt's hot during the day, but it,s (cool) at night.
6 He's a lot ........... .... (tall) his brother.
7 ........
This projector is a lot .. (popular), but it,s (affordable).
8 They're much ......... ...... (liberal) about clothing rules at the beach.
9 lt's usually (sunny) in the morning before the rain begins.
lo French fries are (fatty) and (salty) a salad.

Lesson I

Meaning
Use can to express ability or possibility.
Jerome can speak Korean. I can be there before g:00.

Use could to offer an alternative or to make a weak suggestion.

They could see an old movie like litanic, or they could go to something new.
You could eat a healthier diet.

Use should to give advice, to make a strong suggestion, or to express criticism.

You should think before you speak.

Form
Modals_are followed by the base form of the main verb of the sentence, except in short
answers
to questions.
You can eat at a lot of good restaurants in this neighborhood.
Who should read this? They should.
Can you see the moon tonight? yes, I can.

Use not between the modal and the base form.

You shouldn't stay at the Galaxy Hotel.They can't take the express.
In veL / no questions, the modal precedes the subject of the sentence. ln information questions,
question word precedes the modal. the
Yes / no questions lnformation questions
Should I buy a round-trip ticket? When should they leave? BUI Note t
Can we make the 1:05 flight? Why should they go? the subject.
Could she take an express train? Which trains could I take? me the information?
Who could they call? nt can.)

Common errors
Never add -s to the third-person singular form of modals.
He should buy a ticket in advance. NOT a ticket in advance.

Never use to between modals and the base form.

You could take the train or the bus. Nor you the train or the bus.

138 GRAMMAR BOOSTER

 Circle the correct phrases to complete the sentences.

I Who (should buy / should to buy) the tickets? 5 We (can to not take / can't take) the bus; it left. '

2 Where (l can find / can lfind) a hotel? 6 When (should you giving / should you give) the agent
your boarding pass?
3 You (could to walk / could walk) or (take / taking) the
bus. Which trains (can get / can getting) me there soon?

4 (l should to call / Should I call) you when I arrive?

Lesson 2

There are four ways to express future actions, using present forms.

Be going to + base form usually expresses a future plan or certain knowledge about the future.
I'm going to spend my summer in Africa. She's going to get a rental car when she arrives.
It's going to rain tomorrow.

The present continuous

The present continuous can also express a future plan.
We're traveling tonight. They aren't wearing formal clothes to the wedding.
I'm not eating at home tomorrow

The simple present tense

The simple present tense sometimes expresses a future action with verbs of motion: arrjve,.come, dgqart'
the simple present tense
!!y, gq, l'eav6, sail, and staft-especially when on a_schedule or a timetable. When
ex-pilsses ttre tuture, there is almost always a word, phrase, or clause indicating the future time.
This Monday, the express leaves at noon. The flight arrives at 9:00 tonight.

The present of be
The present of be can describe a future event if it includes a word or phrase that indicates the future.
The wedding is on SundaY.

A Read the arrival and departure schedules. Then complete each sentence or question
with the simple present tense.

3 A: Whattime ................. thetrain in Beiiing?

2 A: When the flight B: At 10:20 P.v.

B: lt ................. at23:30. 4 A: ................. thetrain ................. at 7:00?
B: Yes, it does.

On a separate sheet of paper, answer each of the questions with a complete sentence. There may be more than one correct
way to answer each question.

1 What are your plans for your next vacation? 3 What are you doing this evening?
2 What are you going to do this weekend?

GMMMAR BOOSTER 139

 Lesson I

Comparative adiectives compare two people, places, or things. Use than when the second item is mentioned.
Mexico City is larger than Los Angeles. Housing in New York b more expensive than in Lima.
Compared with Los Angeles, Mexico City is larger. Compared with Lirna, housing's more expensive in New york.

Superlative adjectives compare more than two people, places, or things.

Be careful! Use the with superlative
Compared to other cities in the Americas, Mexico City is the largest. adjectives.
Don't say: Mexico City is
Form
adjective comparative adjective superlative adjective
cheap cheaper (than) the cheapest
expenstve more expensive (than) the most expensive
practical less practical (than) the least practical

Superlative adjectives: spelling rules

Add -est to one-syllable adjectives. lf the adjective ends in -e, add -st.
cheap ) the cheapest loose ) the loosest
lf an adiective ends in (or is) a consonant-vowel-consonant sequence, double the final consonant before
adding -est.
hot ) the hottest

For most adjectives that end in a, change the y to ! and add -est.
pretty t the prettiest busy ) the busiest
To form the superlative of most adiectives of two or more syllables, use the most or the least.
Car trips are the least expensive vacations. Cruises are the most relaxing vacations.

A Write both the comparative and superlative form of each adjective.

comparative superlative comparative superlative

I tall l0 interesting
2 easy ll conservative
3 liberal 12 light
4 heavy 13 casual
5 unusual 14 comfortable
6 pretty 15 relaxing
7 exciting 16 long
8 wild l7 short
9 informal 18 scary

Complete each sentence with a comparative or superlative adjective. Use than if necessary.
1 That dinner was ........... (delicious) meal we had on our vacation.
2 The caribbean cruise is .... (relaxing) of our vacation packages.
3 TheHonsux24isago dcamera,buttheCashiois............... ....... (easy)touse.
4 We have several models, but ld say the R30O is ............... ....... (popular).
5 I like that rug, but I think this one is ............... ....... (beautiful).
6 ourvacation in Brazil as .............. ........ (nice) ourvacation in ltaly lastyear.
7 All three stoves look good. But which one is ............... ....... (easy) to use?
8 I like both the J12, the summit, and the pro tablets, but which one,s .......... (small)?
9 Which of these three plates do you think is .... (pre ?
lo lcan'tdecideif lshouldreadthisbookorthatone. hichoneis............... ... (interesting)?

14{I GBAMMAR BOOSTER

 Lesson 2

lntensifiers make the meaning of adjectives stronger.

Very and really have the same meaning. They can intensify adjectives with a positive or negative meaning.
That restaurant is really (or very) good. I want to go there.
That movie is really (or very) scary. I don't want to see it'

Too also makes the meaning of adjectives stronger. But too expresses the idea of "more than enough." Too
usually has a negative meaning.
That movie is too long. I don't want to see it.
This restaurant is too expensive. I'm not going to eat here.

Be careful! Don't use too to intensify adjectives with a positive meaning. Use very and really.
This camera is very affordable! NOT This camera is !

Complete each sentence with too, reall% or verv and your own adiective.
1 Beach vacations are .........'.' .l lov them'
2 French fries are ... ' shouldn't eat them every day.
. You

3 Acruiseis ............... ldon'thaveenough moneytotakeone.

4 Theysaythismovieis .........'.'.........'.1 anttoseeit.
5 This book is '... . You should read it.
6 English is ............... People are learning it all over the world.
7 ...............
This printer is I need to replace it.
8 These pants are .... ' I need to buy a larger pair.

Complete each conversation, using too or enouqh.

1 A: How about this? Should we buy it for your mother?
B: No. ltisn't........ .... . ....... (p ' lwantsomething nicer.
2 A: Do you think this rug is too small?
B: No, it's great. I think it's ..' (big).

3 A: Did you buy a microwave yesterday?

B: I looked at some. But they were .. .. .. .. .' (expensive).

4 A: Why are you sending that steak back to the chef?

B: lt's an expensive meal, and this steak just isn't .... (good).
5 A: You never eat dessert?
B: No. Desserts are ........ (sweet) for me.

6 A: How was your vacation?

B: To vasn't
tell the truth, it just .... (retaxing).
7 A: How's that soup? ls it . .......... .......... (hot)?
B: No, it's fine. Thanks.

8 A: Would you like more ice in your water?

B: Yes, please. lt isn't ........ (cold).

GRAMMAB BOOSTER 141

 Writing Booster
The Writing Booster is optional. lt is intended to teach students the conventions
of written English. Each unit's Writing Booster is focused both on a skill and its
application to the Writing exercise from the Unit Review page.

Use acapital letter to begin a sentence.

Meet my new classmate. Her first name is Sue.
Use a capital letter for:
cities / countries I live in Beijing. He's from Colombia.
nationalities They're Honduran.
languages I speak Russian and ltalian.
days and months My birthday is on Tuesday, June 19th.
the pronoun ! MV brother and I are students.
names and formal titles I'd like you to meet Mr. Smith.

on a separate sheet of paper, rewrite each sentence, using correct capitalization.

I please say hello to iulio cueva from lima, peru. 5 miss wang teaches chinese to college students.
2 my friend mr. lee is a computer programmer from korea. 6 this monday john met his friend mr. abe.
3 he is brazilian, and his birthday is in october. 7 when i travel, i need to use english.
4 my classmate ms. silva is twenty-six years old.

Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 12) Answer the questions below when you write about your
classmate.
Add more information if you can. Make sure you use capital letters correctly.
a What's your classmate's name? o What is your classmate's hometown?
Does your classmate have a nickname? a ls your classmate's hometown his or her birthplace?
How old is your classmate? a Who's your classmate's favorite actor?
What's you r classmate's occu pation? What's your classmatet favorite sport?

ln English' a sentence is a group of words that expresses.a complete thought. A sentence has a subject
and a verb. when you write a sentence, begin with a capital lettLr and a period.
subject verb subject "no-"i1,
verb
Theplay is great. She loves music.

Circle the subject and underline the verb in each sentence.

1 Her children like folk music. 4 Theirfavorite musician is Esperanza Spaulding.

2 I don't like big concerts. 5 The play isn't very good.
3 My boyfriend loves classical music.

Write an I next to the groups of words that are not sentences.

n I A theaterfan. n 4 I listen to music in the shower.
n 2 The theater is down the street from the park. n 5 Really loud concerts.
n 3 And around the corner from the art gallery. n 6 Downloading music.

142 WBITING BOOSTER

c Guidance for the writing Exercise (on page 24) Use the ideas as a guide to ldeas
help you write five sentences about your musical tastes. Begin each sentence r your favorite music
with a capital letter and end each sentence with a period' Be sure to use a o your favorite artist
subject and a verb in each sentence.
. when you listen to music
. where you buy music

And
Use and to combine two sentences if you want to add information. lt's common, but not necessary,
to use a comma before and.
My cousin loves rock music, and she's a great dancer.

But
Use but to combine two sentences if you want to show a difference or contrast. lt's common, but
not necessary, to use a comma before but.
My stepfather loves classical music, but I love rock'
My niece loves Latin music, but my nephew doesn't.

Be careful! ln traditional formal writing, writers avoid beginning sentences with And or But.
Don't write: My cousin loves rock music.
Don't write: My cousin loves rock music.

On a separate sheet of paper, combine the sentences, using and'

1 My sister-in-law has long hair. She's very pretty. 4 My cousin likes classical music. He loves ltalian food'
2 My aunt is a computer programmer. Her husband is a teacher. 5 We look very different. We like different music.
3 We look alike. We wear the same kind of clothes.

On a separate sheet of paper, combine the sentences, using !qg.

I My brother wears old clothes. I wear new clothes. 4 I love rock music. My stepfather doesn't.

2 My sister has long hair. I have short hair. 5 We look alike. We wear very different clothes.
3 My cousin lives near the airport. His parents don't.
ldeas
. appearance
Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 36) Use the ideas to help you write the . musical tastes
six statements comparing two people in your family. Use and or but to o food preferences
combine sentences. . clothing preferences
. birthplaces and hometowns
o marital status
o favorite colors

Rernember that and connects two sentences and makes them one sentence'
I like fruit, and I also like vegetables.

You can also use and to connect words in a series. Notice the use of the comma
in the examples below.
I like apples, oranges, grapes, and other fruits.

Be careful! Don't use a comma when and connects only two words.
I like apples and oranges. NOT I like

ln addition
ln addition connects the ideas in one sentence with the ideas in the next sentence.
Use a comma after in addition.
I like fruit. ln addition, I like vegetables.
I like apples and oranges. ln addition, I like grapes and other fruits.
 A Connect the words and ideas with and or in addition.
1 The people eat a lot of vegetables in Spain, ltaly, .......... France.
2 ln the U.S., many restaurants serve big portions. they serve a lot of fatty foods.
3 There are five or six great ltalian restaurants near the hotel. ....-..-.
, there are two restaurants where the
menu has dishes from Mexico, Thailand, lndia, ......... even lndonesia!
4 She loves pasta, ......... lwantto invite herto myfavorite ltalian restaurant.
5 Raw carrots taste great, ....... they,re good foryou.
6 This restaurant has great food. .............. , the service is excellent.
7 You can choose from six entr6es on the menu, ......................... they all come with a choice of vegetable.
8 I usually order soup, salad, a main course, ....... dessert.
Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 48) Read the description of food in the United States. Use these
paragraphs as a guide to help you write the article about the food of your country. Change the details
so the sentences describe your food.

American food is more than hamburgers, hot dogs, and pancakes. The best American
food is regional. One regional specialty is clam chowder. Clam chowder is a delicious soup
from the northeast coast. In Boston, clam chowder contains milk, and in New York it contains
tomatoes. Clam chowder always contains Atlantic clams. In addition, clam chowder always
contains some vegetables, such as onions, potatoes, peppers, or corn.
Another famous regional specialty of American cooking is barbecue. Barbecue comes from
the center and south of the United States. Barbecue style is not always the same, but it always
has meat and a spicy sauce. Americans are very proud of barbecue. Many restaurants claim
that they have the only authentic barbecue. When you travel to the United States, be sure to try
some regional specialties like clam chowder and barbecue.

Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns.

noun pronoun
The old photocopier is obsolete. lt's also broken.
Adjectives come before nouns or after the verb be when the subject of a
sentence is a noun or pronoun.
Adjectives
I have a new computer.
The computer is new. lt's terrific.
affordable good
awesome great
Be careful! Adjectives don't come after nouns. Adjectives don't have plural forms. awful guaranteed
new refrigerators
broken new / old
convenient obsolete
NOT
defective popular
NOT fast terrible
When two adjectives describe the same noun, connect them with and.
fixable terrific
When there are more than two, use commas. Some adjectives are compound phrases.
The microwave is popular and convenient. This scanner is really up-to-date.
This camera is obsolete, broken, and defective. She bought an up-to-date camcorder.

A Circle the adjectives in each sentence.

1 My old printer is obsolete. 4 This terrible car is a lemon! lt's awful.

2 The XLM projector is easy to use. ln addition, it's small 5 Our new washing machine is both good
and very portable. and guaranteed.
3 ls your scanner fixable?

14 WRITING BOOSTEB
B On a separate sheet of paper, write sentences about five of the fo, ,otra'iir-€ e|edfl@imrc dbirces or abo'ut
other ones. Use the Adiectives f rom page 144.

Products
a smad phone a desktop (computenl
a mobile / cell phone a digital camerzt
aGPS aTV
a tablet (computer) a camcorder

C Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 60) Use your answers to the questions below as a guide to
'l
help you write the review of a product you use. Give your product -5 stars.
. What is it? . What adjectives describe it?
. What brand is it? . Where do you use it?
. What model is it? . ls it working?
. ls it a good product? WhY or whY not?
. Does it drive you crazy?
. What does it do? . How old is it?

period = .
question mark = ?
exclamation point = !

comma = ,
Use a period at the end of a statement.
Remember:
I go to the gym every morning.
Use commas to connect more than two
ideas in a series.
Use a question mark at the end of a question.
I go to the gym, go running in the Park,
What do I do to stay in shape? and go bike riding every weekend.
Use an exclamation point at the end of a sentence if you want to indicate that something It's common, but not necessary, to use
is funny or surprising. a comma before and or but when You
The truth is I'm a couch potato! connect two ideas.
I eat well, but I don't exercise.

A On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite each statement or question, using correct punctuation.
Remember to begin each with a capital letter.

1 I really don't have time to exercise 5 my father never eats sweets but I do
2 do you get enough sleep every night 6 what do I do on weekends
3 my friends think I exercise a lot but I don't 7 my younger brothers eat junk food watch
TV and stay up late every night
4 we go running bike riding and swimming
in the summer amlacouchpotato

Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 721 Use the ldeas to write three questions with "1." Use
these questions to introduce each topic in your description of your exercise and health habits.
Be sure to check all your sentences and questions for correct punctuation.

ldeas
. the foods you eat
. the foods you avoid
o your exercise routine

WRMNG BOOS'TB I€
 Use a time clause in a sentence to show the order of events.
We visited the old part of town after we had lunch.
We checked into our hotel before we had lunch.

You can begin a sentence with a time clause. Most writers use a comma when the time clause comes first.
After we had lunch, we visited the old part of town.
Before we had lunch, we checked into our hotel.

Use transition signals to show.time order in a paragraph. Use First to begin a series and Finally to end one. Use
Then, Next, and After that to indicate a series of evtnts. Gomm-as are oplional.
First, we checked in to our hotel. After we had lunch, we visited the old part of town and took pictures. Then, we
went to the beach and lay in the sun for a while. Next, we played golf. After that, we went shopping and bought a rug.
Finally, we went back to our hotel.

A On a separate sheet of paper, use the cues to write sentences. Begin each sentence with a time clause.
1 (before) First we had lunch. Then we went to the beach. 5 (before) I spent three days in Mexico City. Next I flew
[).f ore tve wenl lo lhe beach, we haA lunch to Canc0n.
2 (after) First we visited Rome. Then we went to Venice. (after) She got back from the airport. After tha! she
3 (before) First they went snorkeling. After that, they had called her mother.
lunch. (before) The weather was beautiful. Then it rained.
4 (after) He arrived in Miami on Saturday. Then he
looked for a hotel.

B On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the paragraph, using time-order transition words.

Let me tell you about my trip. I flew from New York to London, and I spent two days there. I took the train through
the chunnel to Paris. Paris was amazing. I got a car and drove to Rome. It was a long drive, but it was really scenic.
I took a boat to the island of Sardinia. It was very beautiful. I flew back to London and back home to New york.

Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 84) Write sentences describing your vacation in the order
that
the events happened. Then use your sentences to write your paragraph, using time clauses and
time-order transition words.

A clause with because or since presents a reason. There's no difference in meaning between
because anO g14ggEtre f-ollowing sentences.
Remember:
I'm going to Paris because I love French food.
ln English, a sentence
He's not wearing a jacket since it's really warm today. is a group of words
ln speaking, it's oK to answer a question using only a clause with because or since. containing a subject and
A: Why are you wearing jeans?
a verb. lt expresses a
complete thought.
B: Because it's a really casual restaurant.

ln writing, however, a clausebeginningwith b=ecausg or since is not a sentence; it's an incomplete thought.
i s"ni6n"L-. --''
To make the thought complete, ionneit the ciause beginning wlttr uecauie oi g!_[ce to
-
I wear jeans at that restaurant because it is a really casual restaurant.

A clause with because or since can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. When it comes
at the
beginning, use-E-oh-ma. ltis good writing style to iary piacement so jrr ient"n"es don't sound the same.
I eat vegetables every day because they are healthy.
Because they are healthy, I eat vegetables every day.

146 WRITING BOOSTEB

 On a separate sheet of paper, connect and rewrite the sentences, using clauses with either because or
since. Be careful! Make sure the clause with because or since presents a reason.

I l'm wearing a sweater. lfeel cold. 4 They didn't have a ticket for the concert. They
2 She called her brother. lt was his birthday. stayed home.

3 He bought a blue blazer. He needed it for a 5 Our printer is broken. We have to get a new one.
business trip.

On a separate sheet of paper, answer each question with a complete sentence containing a clause
with because or since.
1 Why do you like dance music? 4 Why do people like malls?
I like dance muticbecaure ilis happy mutie. 5 Why are running shoes more comfortable than formal
shoes?
2 Why are you studying English?
3 Why is a clothing store better than a clothing website?

Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 96) Write a list of at leastfive clothing do's and don'ts for
appropriate dress in your country. Explain the reasons for the tips, using because and since.
Use your sentences as a guide to help you write your letter or e-mail.

A paragraph is a group of sentences countries

Clothing customs in different
that relate to a topic or a theme, When your
writing contains information about a variety
of topics, it is convenient to divide your
writing into separate paragraphs.
Traditionally, the lirst wotd ol a paragraph
is indented. (Sometimes new paragraphs,
especially in books, are not indented. lnstead,
a separation is made by leaving a blank line
space, as follows,)

read and understand. blank appropriate for both men and women'
line space

A Write a check mark in the place or places where a new paragraph could or should start.
Then, on a separate sheet of paper, copy the paragraphs, indenting each one.

Famous families

Jackie Chan is a movie star and singer from Hong Kong. His wife, Joan Lin, is an actress from Taiwan. They have a son,
JC Chan. Het a singer and actor in the United States. Another famous family is the Williams family. Venus and Serena
Williams are famous tennis players. Their mothert name is Oracene Price. Their father, Richard Williams, was their
coach. Still another famous family is the Ferniindez family from Mexico. Vicente and Alejandro are father and son.
They are both singers, and they are famous all over Latin Amerrca.

WRIT]NG BOOSTER 147

B Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 108) Use the ldeas
ldeas
and your answers to the questions below as a guide to help
you write your two paragraphs.
A trip to visit friends or relatives I A trip to and from school
A trip to and from work I A vacation

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2
Begin your paragraph with an opening statement, Begin your next paragraph with an opening statement,
such as: Latf monfh,T wenl to such as: On -y next trip, . . .
. Where did you go? -. . Where are you going to go?
. What kind of transportation did you take? . What kind of transportation are you going to take?
. Were there any transportation problems? . Do you think you are going to have transportation
lf so, what were they? problems on your next trip? Why or why not?
. When did you leave? . Whenareyou leaving?
. Who did you travel with? . Who are you traveling with?
. What did you do when you were there? . What are you going to do when you are there?
. When did you get back? . When are you getting back?

Use eYen though to connect contradictory ideas in a sentence. (A comma is optional before
even though when it comes at the end of the sentence.)
Bee Flowers is the most popular shop in town even though it's quite expensive.
You can bargain for low prices at Marty's, even though the service isn't very friendly.

Always use a comma if the clause that begins with even though comes first.
ve* tlhou h !t's xlte exgrensive. Bee Flowers is the most popular shop in town.
ve* t *r.r h tlt,r: ssrvi*e isn't very friendiy, you can bargain for low prices at Marty's.

Use however or on the other haqd at the beginning of a sentence to connect contradictory
ideas frorn one sentence to another. Use a c-om.a]
You can bargain for low prices at Marty's. l"lerwever, the service isn't very friendly.
Bee Flowers is quite expensive. on the nther hand, it's the most popular shop in town.

Be careful! Don't use however or on the other hand to combine clauses in a sentence.
Don't write: You can bargain for low prices at Marty's,

on a separate sheet of paper, combine each pair of sentences into one sentence, using
even thouqh to begin each one.

I You can find some good deals at the Savoy Hotel. Their rooms are the most expensive in town.
2 You can bargain for really low prices at the Old Market. lt isn't the prettiest place to shop.
3 The Philcov X30 is easy to use and not too expensive. lt isn't the most popular camera.
4 The prices of smart phones are getting lower every year. They can still be very expensive.
5 The Samson camcorder is the most professional camera you can buy. lt isn't the lightest.
Now rewrite the sentences, using however or on the other hand.

Guidance for the Writing Exercise (on page 120) Write at least six sentences about places to shop
in your town or city. Use even thouqh, however, and on the other hand. Use your sentences to
help you write your guide.
 To Notch Po
Classical is more my style. Does it come with the choice of another
It's Nice To Meet You
1] I like blues and I like soul. dish?
[Unit
(cHoRUS) Bach and Mozart make me smile! Excuse me waiter, please-
It's nice to meet you, Around the corner and down the street. I think I'm in the mood
Good to meet you. That's the entrance to the park. for a little dessert, and the cake looks good.
Pleasure to meet you. There's a place where we could meet. Do you know? Are there any low-fat desserts
I wouldn't go there after dark! that we could try now?
What's your name?
(CHORUS: 2 times) I feel like having a bowl of fruit.
My name is Mr. Johnson.
Do you have to say good-bye now?
Please lust call me Stan.
l'd like you to meet my wife, Mary Anne. (cHoRus)
An Only Child [Unit 3] Apples, oranges, cheese, and ham,
(cHoRUS)
Let me see the photos of coffee, juice, milk, bread, and jam,
What do you do? your wife and family. rice and beans, meat and potatoes,
Actually, l'm a teacher Who's that guy there, on the right, eggs and ice cream,
at the Children's lnstitute. next to the W? grilled tomatoes-
The little kids are really cute. ls that your younger brother, John? That's the menu.
That sounds nice. Where are you from- And who are those two? That's the list.
somewhere far or near? Your sisters both look so alike. ls there anything I missed?
As a matter of fact, Chicago is my Please tell me what they do.
hometown.
(cHoRus)
(cHoRUS)
Could you say that louder please?
Iask so many questions.
How did you end up here? It's Not Working Again
You just answer with a smile,
My father was a salesman. [Unit 5]
You have a large family,
We moved all around. Hi. l'm calling on my cell phone.
but I am an only child.
(cHoRUS) I need a little help with a fax machine.
How about your cousins now?
Who is that? It's not working, and it's pretty bad.
Please tell me something new.
I feel like l've been had, if you know
Let me introduce you Do they both play basketball?
to my new friend Eileen. what I mean.
You know that I do, too.
She's a chef and she's nineteen. l'm coming to the store right now
(cHoRUS) Can you show me how to use it?
(cHoRUS)
I don't have a brother, The front lid won't open.
Good-bye. Take care. but you have two or three. When my cat's around,
You're all one big happy family. it squeaks and makes a funny sound.
Idon't have a sister, (cHoRUS)
Going Out lunit 4 but you have older twins. It's not working again.
Do you want to see a play? This is a game I can't ever win. It's driving me crazy.
What time does the play begin? Do you have nieces and nephews, It's not working again.
It starts at eight. ls that OK? and how many are there now?
l'd love to go. l'll see you then. I called yesterday, and a guy named Jack
Do they all like the same kinds of things?
I heard it got some good reviews. said,
Are they difierent somehow?
Where's it playing? What's the show? "l'm busy right now, can I call you back?"
(cHoRUS) He didn't even ask me what was wrong
It's called "One Single Life to Lose."
I'll think about it. I don't know. with it.
He didn't want to hear the short and
(cHoRUS) The World Cafd lUnit 4l long of it.
Everything will be all right ls there something that you want? I just bought the thing yesterday,
when you and I go out tonight. ls there anything you need? and it won't turn on so please don't say,
When Thomas Soben gives his talk- Have you made up your mind "l'm sorry to hear that.
The famous chef? That's not for me! what you want to eat? That's a shame.
The doors open at nine o'clock. Place your order now, That's too bad."
There's a movie we could see or do you need more time? It's all a game.
at Smith and Second Avenue. Why not start with some juice-
(cHoRUS)
That's my favorite neighborhood! lemon, orange, or lime?
I can't wait to be with you. Some like it hot, some like it sweet, I'm not looking for a laptop computer
I can't wait to have some food. some like it really spicy. or an X340 or a PDA.
You may not like everything you eat, Just tell me what's wrong with my fax
(cHoRUS)
but I think we're doing nicely. machine
We're going to have a good time. so I can say good-bye and be on my way.
Don't keep me up past my bedtime. (cHoRUS)
It won't send a copy of my document.
We'll make a date. I can understand every word you say.
The paper goes through, and it comes
Tonight's the night. Tonight we're speaking English at
out bent.
It starts at eight. The World Caf6.
On second thought, it's guaranteed.
The price is right! l'll take the main course now. I want my money back-that's what I need.
I'm a fan of rock 'n' roll. I think l'll have the fish.
(CHORUS:2 times)

Top Notch Pop Lyrics 149

 A Typical Day [unit 6]
and there you were,
Five Hundred Ways
The Couch Potato sits around. sitting by my side.
lUnit 9l
He eats junk food by the pound. (cHoRus) You could take the bus,
It's just a typical day. You were so unusual. or you could take the train.
Watching as the world goes by, The day was so exciting. You could take the ferry
he's out of shape and wonders why. I opened up my eyes, or you could take a plane.
It's just a typical day. and you were gone. Baby, it's a small world,
(cHoRUS) I waited for hours. when all is said and done.
Every night he dreams that he's You never called. We have so many options,
skydiving through the air. I watched W the question is, which one?
And sometimes you appear. and looked at the walls. (cHoRus)
He says, "What are you doing here?', Where did you go to? There are five hundred ways to get here. +
He cleans the house and plays guitar,
Why weren't you near? What are you going to do?
takes a showe[ drives the car. Did you have a reason You could get a one-way ticket to see me. I

It's just a typical day. to disappear? l'm waiting here for you.
He watches TV all alone,
Solflewaplane
You should really hurry.
reads and sleeps, talks on the phone. to the south of France, !
When are you going to call
It's just a typical day.
and I heard you say,
and make your reservation?
Would you like to dance?"
(cHoRUSl You could miss them all.
(cHoRUS) And do you know how long
I'm sorry.
you are going to stay?
Mr. Couch Potato's resting right now.
Anything Goes [unit You could come and be with me
Can he call you back? 8]
forever and a day.
He usually lies down every day of the week, The shoe department's upstairs.
and he always has to have a snack. It's on the second floor. (cHoRUS)
Now all his dreams are coming true. Women's Casual is down the stairs, Follow me.
He's making plans to be with you. there by the door. Follow me.
It's just a typical day. This helpful store directory Yes, you can follow me.
He goes dancing once a week. shows every kind of clothes. You have my phone number,
He's at the theater as we speak! I look for the department where and you have my address. 'lL

It's just a typical day. it says anything goes. Tell me, are you coming on
.l
the local or express? I
(cHoRUS) (cHoRUS)
il
At home and when I travel, (cHoRUS) lt
lalways like to wear +
My Dream Vacation pajamas in the daytime
/r

lUnit 4 with a blazer and a pair Shopping for Souvenirs

IN

The ride was bumpy [Unit 10]

rl
J
and much too long.
of socks on my fingers
I go to the bank at a quader to ten. il
It was pretty boring.
and gloves on my toes- I pick up my cash from the ATM. I
It felt so wrong.
anything goes.
Here at the store, it won't be too hard 4
I slept all night, On the ground floor, there's a restaurant to take out a check or a credit card.
and it rained all day. and a photo studio, The bank has a good rate of exchange,
[_
so I take the escalator i
We left the road, and everything here is in my price range. I
and we lost the way. down to the floor below. The easiest part of this bargain hunt
Then you came along There are turtlenecks and T-shirts. is that I can afford anything I want. t
and you took my hand. There are cardigans and jeans #
(cHoRUS) n
You whispered words in every size and color. lt
Whenever ltravel around the world, {
I could understand. They look comfortable and clean.
I spend my money for turo, $
(cHoRUS) (cHoRUS)
Shopping for souvenirs
On my dream vacation, The salesperson says, helps me to be near you.
I dream of you. "Here you go. t
I try to decide how much I should pay
I don't ever want to wake up. Try it on. il
for the beautiful art I see on display. {il
On my dream vacation, That's not too bad. To get a great deal, I can't be too nice. !t
this much is true: Let me see if I can find you something It can't hurt to ask for a better price. ;
I don't ever want it to stop. better."
(cHoRUS)
The food was aMul. Some people say that black clothes
Yes, it's gorgeous, and I love it.
They stole my purse. are more flattering than white,
It's the biggest and the best,
{
The whole two weeks went or they think that they look nicer {
from bad to worse. in the day or in the night. though it might not be the cheapest. 1

They canceled my ticket. Their clothes can't be too liberal How much is it-more than all the rest? !
."1

or too consenuative. I'll pass on some good advice to you:

I missed my flight.
They were so unfriendly
it just wasn't right.
lf I love it, then I wear it.
That's the way I want to live.
When you're in Rome, do as the Romans do.
A ten percent tip for the taxi fare
should be good enough when you're staying
i
.;r
Solcalledataxi, (cHoRus) &
there.
and I got inside,
(cHoRus) u
tf
I
150 Top Notch Pop Lyrics
t
i;
These are the pronunciation symbols used in ToP Notch 1.

Consonants
Symbol Words Symbol KeyWords Symbol Words
I beat, feed P pack, happy z zip, please, goes
I bit, did b back, rubber I ship, machine, station,
EI date, paid t tie special, discussion
t bet, bed d die 3 measure, vision
a bat, bad k <ame, key, quick h hot, who
o box, odd, father I game, guest m men
l bought, dog u church, nature, watch n sun,knoq pneumonia
OU boat road d3 judge, general, major rJ sung, ringing
u book, good f fan, photograph wet white
u boot food, flu van I light, long
but mud, mother 0 thing, breath r righq wrong
a banana, among 6 then, breathe v yes
e. shlrt, murder 5 sip, city, prychology
AI bite, cry, buy, eye t butter, bottle
AU about, how t' button
)I volce, boy
IT deer
tr bare
qr bar
fr door
UT tour

REFEBENCE 151