Passage 1

Read the following passage carefully:

The Amazon rainforest is known as the lungs of the planet. It produces about 20% of the
world’s oxygen and plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate. However,
deforestation due to agricultural expansion, illegal logging, and mining has severely
threatened its existence. Scientists warn that if this destruction continues, the Amazon could
reach a tipping point where it no longer can sustain itself as a rainforest. Once this happens, it
would transform into a savanna, drastically impacting global climate and biodiversity.

Questions for Passage 1

1. Specific Information
What percentage of the world’s oxygen is produced by the Amazon rainforest?
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 25%
2. Synonym
The word crucial in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. Significant
B. Optional
C. Unimportant
D. Small
3. Text Organization
Which of the following is the main idea of the second sentence?
A. How agriculture affects the Amazon
B. Reasons for deforestation
C. The role of logging in the ecosystem
D. The importance of mining for the economy
4. Text Purpose
What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To explain how the Amazon rainforest regulates the climate
B. To discuss the importance of the Amazon for global oxygen production
C. To warn about the consequences of deforestation in the Amazon
D. To describe the different types of deforestation
5. Text Title
What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A. "The Amazon’s Oxygen Supply"
B. "The Destruction of the Rainforest"
C. "The Global Effects of Deforestation"
D. "The Amazon at Risk"
6. Text Topic
What is the topic of the passage?
A. The process of deforestation
B. The tipping point of rainforests
C. The environmental role of the Amazon rainforest
D. The savanna transformation
 7. Inference
What can be inferred from the passage about the future of the Amazon?
A. It will continue producing oxygen indefinitely.
B. The savanna transformation is inevitable if deforestation continues.
C. Scientists believe deforestation has stopped.
D. Agricultural expansion is no longer a threat.
8. Reference
What does this destruction refer to in the sentence "if this destruction continues"?
A. Agricultural expansion
B. Illegal logging
C. Deforestation
D. Climate change

Passage 2

Read the following passage carefully:

Coral reefs are vital to marine life. They provide habitat, food, and breeding grounds for
countless species. Yet, coral reefs around the world are facing unprecedented threats,
primarily from climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Rising sea temperatures and ocean
acidification due to increased CO2 levels are bleaching coral reefs, causing them to lose their
vibrant colors and, eventually, die. The loss of coral reefs can have far-reaching effects on
biodiversity and the economies of coastal communities that rely on fishing and tourism.

Questions for Passage 2

9. Specific Information
What is NOT mentioned as a threat to coral reefs?
A. Pollution
B. Overfishing
C. Illegal fishing
D. Climate change
10. Synonym
The word vital in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. Optional
B. Critical
C. Unnecessary
D. Basic
11. Text Organization
Which of the following best summarizes the third sentence?
A. The causes of coral bleaching
B. The effects of overfishing on coral reefs
C. The reason for ocean acidification
D. The role of CO2 in coral reef destruction
12. Text Purpose
What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To describe the importance of coral reefs to marine life
B. To explain how coral reefs are being threatened
 C. To warn about the economic impact of coral loss
D. To show how coral reefs benefit coastal communities
13. Text Title
What is the best title for this passage?
A. "The Role of Coral Reefs in Marine Biodiversity"
B. "The Threats to Coral Reefs"
C. "How Climate Change Affects Coral Reefs"
D. "Marine Habitats at Risk"
14. Text Topic
What is the passage mainly about?
A. Marine biodiversity
B. Coral reef destruction
C. Climate change and its effects
D. Coastal communities and tourism
15. Inference
What can be inferred from the passage about coral reefs?
A. They will recover if climate change is addressed.
B. They can withstand high levels of pollution.
C. Their destruction will primarily affect marine species.
D. They are only at risk from overfishing.
16. Reference
What does them refer to in the sentence "causing them to lose their vibrant colors"?
A. Marine species
B. Coral reefs
C. Coastal communities
D. Rising sea temperatures

Passage 3

Read the following passage carefully:

The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, transformed economies that
had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry,
mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. Innovations such as the steam engine and
the power loom revolutionized production, leading to significant increases in output.
However, this shift also brought about harsh working conditions, particularly in factories, and
environmental degradation due to increased pollution.

Questions for Passage 3

17. Specific Information

What innovation is NOT mentioned in the passage as part of the Industrial
Revolution?
A. Steam engine
B. Power loom
C. Assembly line
D. Factory system
18. Synonym
The word harsh in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. Severe
B. Relaxing
C. Comfortable
D. Easy
19. Text Organization
What is the function of the first sentence?
A. To describe the effects of the Industrial Revolution
B. To introduce the topic of the passage
C. To explain the role of agriculture
D. To discuss the rise of pollution
20. Text Purpose
What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To explain how the Industrial Revolution changed economies
B. To describe working conditions in factories
C. To discuss the causes of the Industrial Revolution
D. To highlight environmental degradation during the Industrial Revolution
21. Text Title
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A. "The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Agriculture"
B. "The Growth of Industry in the 18th Century"
C. "Innovations of the Industrial Revolution"
D. "The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences"
22. Text Topic
What is the topic of the passage?
A. The role of factories in industrial economies
B. The innovations that shaped the Industrial Revolution
C. The transformation of economies during the Industrial Revolution
D. The working conditions of factory workers
23. Inference
What can be inferred about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
A. They improved over time.
B. They were often poor and difficult.
C. They were better than agricultural work.
D. They were largely ignored by the government.
24. Reference
What does this shift refer to in the sentence "However, this shift also brought about
harsh working conditions"?
A. The transformation of economies
B. The increase in pollution
C. The rise of factories
D. The invention of the steam engine
Passage 4

Read the following passage carefully:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way businesses operate. From customer
service chatbots to complex data analysis, AI is being used to improve efficiency, reduce
costs, and drive innovation. Despite its benefits, the adoption of AI also raises ethical
concerns, particularly around privacy and job displacement. As AI continues to develop,
these issues will become even more pressing.

Questions for Passage 4

25. Specific Information

What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI in the passage?
A. Reducing costs
B. Improving efficiency
C. Raising ethical concerns
D. Driving innovation
26. Synonym
The word adoption in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. Rejection
B. Implementation
C. Discovery
D. Development
27. Text Organization
What is the purpose of the second sentence?
A. To describe the challenges of AI
B. To highlight the benefits of AI
C. To introduce ethical issues in AI
D. To explain how AI is changing customer service
28. Text Purpose
What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To describe the impact of AI on businesses
B. To explain how AI is being adopted in different sectors
C. To discuss the ethical concerns surrounding AI
D. To predict the future of AI in industries
29. Text Title
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A. "The Ethical Dilemmas of AI"
B. "AI’s Role in Business Innovation"
C. "The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence"
D. "The Challenges of Implementing AI"
30. Text Topic
What is the passage mainly about?
A. The ethical issues of AI
B. The adoption of AI in businesses
C. The technological advancements in AI
D. The economic benefits of AI