Solar Powered Semi-Automated Multi-Purpose Agriculture Machine

Makina Vasanth Kumar,

G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College
Anumula Dinesh Kumar,
G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College

ABSTRACT
Agriculture is the main part of any country ,but in INDIA it is the economy to the
country and give life to many farmers in farming. The main abstract of this paper to produce
a multipurpose agriculture machine which increase production rate that helps farmers to
come across the problems facing by them like seed sowing, water spraying, grass cutting etc.
This helps to increase the production and decrease time to spend for production that helps
the country to become number one position in world so it is necessary to develop this project
to help future people and to aggregate them to advanced machine in agriculture by solar
powered which is renewable. This solar power helps to drive machine which is less cost and
more economy to country.
Keywords : Solar Panel, Seed Sowing, Water Spraying, Grass Cutting, Agriculture.

INTRODUCTION
The population is continuously increasing the crop production also has to increase this
can be done by using multipurpose machines to save time and money. In INDIA the availability
of skilled labour, water resources, crop monitoring is effecting the agriculture field. So to
overcome this, a special purpose machines has to be used. Conventional methods are very
difficult for sugar cane production.
Development of robots increase the rate of production that performs multiple
operations. Animals, Plants, Fungi are sustain due to agriculture. Human life and agriculture
are key for development of new agriculture things .The special machine plays a vital role to
avoid un skilled labour, use of less water and cultivate more. Producing a multipurpose vehicle
that can done seed sowing, water spraying, levelling etc. all functions has to be integrated into
a single machine to increase production rate and decrease cost. Use of hybrid power source
that helps to convert rotary motion to sliding motion which help in producing a multipurpose
machine. Development of multipurpose machines helps in safe handling and improve
accuracy. Development of agriculture multipurpose machines saves labour cost, saves energy
and improve quality and accuracy. As compare with traditional sowing this un-traditional
sowing of seed gives more production with less time placing of seeds.
 COMPONENTS
Components of agricultural multipurpose machine are:

• 24v, 200 rpm dc geared motor 12v,

• 60 rpm dc motor(seed sowing) 12v,
• 1000 rpm dc motor(grass gutter) 12v,
• 7amp battery
• 12v , 20WATT solar panel
• 12v water pump
• 5v relay with Bluetooth module
• Drive chain
• Wheels
• Cutting tool
• Seed storage tank & Hooper Water storage tank
• Water spraying nozzles
• Surface leveller

Fig 1. Frame design Fig 2.Solar Panel

Fig 3.Sprayer Fig 4.DC Motor

 Fig 5. Battery Fig 6. Relay with Bluetooth module
Frame
Frame is the base of any vehicle that supports all loads given to it. It is also known as
chassis. Wheels of vehicle has to be strong enough to carry the whole vehicle forward or
reverse.
Solar panel
Solar panel which absorbs the sun rays fall on it and convert to useful electricity, it
need solar controller to store the solar energy into electric energy in a battery. Specifications
are 12 V and 20 W.
Sprayer
Sprayer is used to spray water or pesticides to the plant it consist of tank to store water
or pesticides that helps the growth of a plant.
Motors

• 24 v, 200 rpm dc geared motor

• 12 v, 60 rpm dc motor (seed sowing)
• 12 v, 1000 rpm dc motor (grass gutter)
Battery
Specifications are - Type Sealed lead acid type - 12 v, 7amp battery – 2(no)
5 v relay with Bluetooth interface
Bluetooth interface which connects all the operations. Also it connects with the
battery. It receives signals from the device and converts the input into signals so that the
preferred operation only runs, whether, it may the movement of machine in forward and
backward direction, seed sowing operation, grass cutter, water sprayer and surface leveller.
 Methodology
The main aim of project is to convert the solar energy into electrical energy and that
energy is used to drive machine. The sun rays coming from the sun is absorbed by solar panel
and that absorbed radiation is converted into electric energy by solar controller this energy is
stored in batteries and used to drive vehicle and to rotate grass cutter motor on one side the
water is sprayed through the sprayers via storage tank.

Fig 7.Layout Fig 8. Grass Cutter

Fig 9. Seed Sowing Mechanism Fig 10. Surface leveller

Pre-treatment of soil before seed sowing
Before sowing of seeds pre-treatment is suggested to be prior in the sowing process.
The treatment is of various types namely 1. seed scarification, 2. stratification, 3. seed soaking
(or) seed cleaning with water that has prescribed temperature.
Seed sowing
Seeds of crops like, maize, corn, oats, wheat, and also like vegetable seeds, and also
like grasses and soybeans are planted. In planting, wider rows (generally with a width of 75
cm) are used, and the intent is being precise, even there should be spacing between individual
seeds in the row, each type of seeds are having their own depth of sowing and also their own
spacing between the seed drills proportionately as the specified measurements.
Grass cutter
Before the process of seed sowing the ground or field or farm is to be ploughed though
roughly. Initially the grass on the fields is to be cutted or trimmed properly that is present on
the ground so they can adapt individually to ground contours. The grass cutting tool is
powered by motor or can be drawn by a tractor or can be drafted by animals. The cutting tools
which may be blades or spikes can be mounted below the tractor in between the front and
rear axle, mounted behind the tractor as a trolley. The mower so also equipped with the self-
propelled cutting machines, which often have the mower tool mounted at the front and sides
for easy vision to the driver. Side-arm mowers are mounted with a long hydraulic arms, similar
to the back arm. Also there are independent machines for grass cutting like lawn mowers
which run by electric motors or I.c engines. The machine which runs by electric motor is said
to be more efficient than a diesel one as the maintenance is less for the motor operated
mower and ease to operation.
Water spraying machine
Sprayers that are used for agricultural purpose comes with various design types, sizes,
equipment and performance specifications. There are small, spraying agricultural sprayers up
to very large sprayers with extended land and coverage of spray to the plant. Sprayers have
been engineered and optimized their application and performance for the many crops,
vegetation, and soil that sprayers are used on. Agriculture sprayers are often used for applying
water and water chemical solutions containing acids or caustic materials, often as crop-
performance pest-maintenance chemicals; i.e. fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
Engineering in water spraying
Sprayers are fully integrated with nozzles that exert the water or fertilizers or pesticide
with high pressure, mechanical systems, which means they are composed of various
components that work integrated to achieve the desired output, however the projection of
the liquid that is to be sprayed. This can be as simple as a hand sprayer which is sprayed
manually by hand (and it requires a human effort) attached to a bottle that is pumped and
primed by a spring-lever mechanism, tube, and vacuum-pressure pump. or as complex as
afoot reach boom sprayer with a list of system components that work together to deliver the
pesticide or water or fertilizer. For more complex sprayers, such as agricultural sprayers, the
general components include the nozzles for spraying, sometimes with a spraying gun, fluid
tank, spraying pump, pressure regulators, valves, gaskets, and fluid plumbing. The sprayer
pump can be sprayer type itself as there are many sprayer pump design types with various
construction materials, inlet / outlet sizes of fluid or fertilizer or pesticide or water, and
performance specifications. Common sprayer pump types include diaphragm, centrifugal, and
roller pumps.
 Fig 11. Complete setup of machine

Benefits of using solar energy

Independent supply of electricity is one that matters for many agriculture workers,
many have even faced serious loses. If one who thinks about the benefits of installing solar
energy, we are noting some (if not all) of them for you. Application of solar energy will result
in low cost when compared to the cost of fossil fuels. The initial installation will be costly but
once you get the invested amount in return the energy you used will be free of cost.
Beneficiaries are that you get subsidies from state and central government which will help you
to easily pay off the cost of installation. The Complete Setup Of Solar Powered Semi
Automated Multi Purpose Agricultural Machine.
Advancement in technology
Agriculture is ever backlog in adopting the technological benefits when compared to
other sectors. By using solar energy to supply power for agriculture activities, the farming
sector proves that they are ready for more technological advancements. With solar energy on
the rise, almost all the farmer’s use solar energy to produce electricity for their agricultural
activities and this will provoke businesses and researchers to provide farmers with more
technologically equipped apparatus.
Impact on environment
To avoid the developing of hearing problem and reduce noise disturbance, one can
choose the use of reel mowers or newer ‘‘green” or battery-operated mowers. Following the
measures for hearing protection such as earplugs or earmuffs will also help reduce the amount
of sound that the operator hears, which can reduce hearing loss caused by lawnmowers. It is
possible for a grass cutter to damage the underneath soil, the grass’s and roots, and the
mower gets stuck by grass itself if the blades cut through the grass and collide with the
underlying ground. Therefore it is mandatory to adjust the cutting blade height properly and
choose the right tires for lawn mower to prevent any marking or digging.
The most efficient way to prevent environmental pollution
Global warming has been the hot topic of the 21st century. Each sector is trying to
reduce its usage of carbon footprint in one many ways. Farmers adopting solar energy for their
agricultural fields will become easier for us to fight the dangerous effects of global warming.

Conclusion
Practically our multipurpose agricultural equipment can be used for tilling, ploughing,
seeding, weeding and for levelling purposes. All the parts are connected in such a way that in
every stage of agriculture the equipment can be rearranged or easily assembled with fasteners
to required specifications of field operation in a modular way, so this makes the machine less
bulkier than the rest of the multipurpose machines. The team has successfully combined
many ideas from various fields of mechanical engineering and agricultural knowledge to
improve the yield and by reducing the labor effort and expenses. The whole idea of a modular
multipurpose equipment is a new concept and can be successfully implemented in real life
situations.
Our multipurpose machine is used for seed sowing, water spraying, grass cutting that
helps the former to reduce the cost of taking un skilled labours in agriculture and increase the
production rate and reduce time for seed sowing spraying of fertilizers and grass cutting. This
is more useful for feature also because the population is gradually increasing.

References
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