Measurement:- : The old measurement is used to tell usilength, weight and temperature are a change of these physical measurement is the result of an opinion formed by one (or) more observes about the relative size (or) intensity of some physical quantities, Definition: The word measurement is used to tell us the length, the weight, the temperature, the colour or a change in one of these physical entities of a material. Measurement provides us with means for describing the various physical and chemical parameters of materials in quantitative terms. For example 10cm length of and object implies that the object is 10 times as large as 1 cm; the unit employed in expressing length. ‘Standard ———e| Process of _ Sinaia campeon eeeceeat measurement | Resut ond ou Fundamental measuring process These are two requirements which are to be satisfied to get good result from the measurement. 1. The standard must be accurately known and internationally accepted. 2. The apparatus and experimental procedure adopted for comparison must be provable. Instrumentatio Definition: The human senses cannot provide exact quantitative information about the knowledge of events occurring in our environments. The stringent requirements of precise and accurate measurements in the technological fields have, therefore, led to the development of mechanical aids called instruments. or Definition: the technology of using instruments to measure and control physical and chemical properties of materials is called instrumentation. In the measuring and controlling instruments are combined so that measurements provide impulses for remote automatic action, the result is called control system. Uses: -> study the function of different components and determine the cause of all functioning of the system, to formulate certain empirical relations. -> to test a product on materials for quality control. -> to discover effective components. -> to develop new theories. -> monitor a data in the interest of health and safety.\ 1. Direct and indirect measurement: Measurement isa process of comparison of the physical quantity witra standard depending upon a requirement and based upon the standard employed, these are the two basic methods of ea measurement. ¢ Direct measurement: ‘The value of the physical parameter is determined by comparing it directly with different standards. The physical standards like mass, length and time are measured by direct Measurement. Indirect measurement: The value of the physical parameter is more generally determined by indirect ‘comparison with the secondary standards through calibration. The measurement is convert into an analogous signal which subsequently process and fed to the end device at present the result of measurement. 2. Primary and secondary & tertiary measurement: The complexity of an instrument system depending upon measurement being made and upon the accuracy level to which the measurement is needed. Based upon the complexity of the measurementsystems, the measurement are generally grouped into three categories, i. Primary Secondary ili. Tertiary. i In the primary mode, the sought value of physical parameter is determined by comparing it directly with reference standards the required information is obtained to sense of side and touch, Examples are: as : a) Matching of two lengths is determining the length of a object with ruler. b) Estimation the temperature difference between the components of the container by inserting fingers. c) Use of bean balance measure masses. d) Measurement of time by counting a number of strokes of a block. Secondary and tertiary measurement are the indirect measurements involving one seconcat atremen ne measurements involving o' transmission are called secondary measurements and those involving two convergent are called tertiary measurements. ee Ex: The convergent of pressure into displacement by means of be allows and the convergent of force into displacement. . Pressure measurement by manometer and the temperature measurement by mercury in glass tube thermometer.The measurement of static Pressure by boundary tube pressure gauge is a typical example of tertiary Measurement, 3. Contact and non-contact type of ‘Measurements; i a Contact type: Non-contact type: Where the sense doesn’t communicate physically with the medium. Ex: The optical, radioactive and some of the electrical/electronic ‘measurement belong to this category. Objectives of instrumentation:- 1. The major objective of instrumentation is safety and efficiency of the process 2. To achieve good quality. 3. To achieve auto machine and automatic control of process there by reducing human 4. To maintain the operation of the plan within the design exportations and to achieve good quantity product. Generalised measurement system and its functional elements:- to measure and control the field parameters to increase Physical yates Manipulator Controller “indicator Sor Transducer . - V—--—Y es fector transducer Recorder output stago Input stage Generalised measurement system Promele Cort enstalised meakhenent Silo Bousdow tee: — 1) Primary sensing element. 2) Variable conversion (or) Transducer element. 3) Manipulation of element. 4) Data transmission element. 5) Data processing element.11) PIMARY SENSING ELEMENT: sn element thats sense to the measured variable The sensing element sense the conden @e (or) value of the process variable by extracting a small part of energy from the measurement and State produces an output which is proportional to the input, Because of the energy expansion, the mea aoe 7 f yi su quantity is always disturb. Good instruments are designed to minimise this loading effect. 2) Variable conversion (or) transducer element: An element that converts the signal fr ic ther e lo ignal from one physical for to An i i it i an Mi ‘other without changing the informati Example: * Bourdon tube and bellows which transfer pressure into displacement, * Proving ring and other elastic members which converts force into displacement. Rack and Pinion: It converts rotary to linear and vice versa. ° Thermo couple which converts information about temperature difference to information in the form of E.M.F. 3) MANIPULATION ELEMENT: It modifies the direct signal by amplification, filtering etc., so that a desired output is produced. [input] constant = Output 4) DATA TRANSMISSION ELEMENT: An element that transmits the signal from one location to another without changing the information content. Data may by transmitted over long distances (from one location to another) or short distances (from a test centre to a nearby computer). 5) DATA PROCESSING ELEMENT: An element that modifies data before it is displayed or finally recorded. Data processing may be used for such purposes as: Y Corrections to the measured physical variables to compensate for scaling, non-linearity, zero offset, temperature error etc. iY Covert the data into useful and torque developed, form, e.g., calculation of engine efficiency from speed, Power input 'Y Collect int i formation regarding average, Statistical and logarithmic values, 6) DATA PRESANTION ELEMENT: An element that provides record or indication of the output from the data processing element. Ina Measuring system using electrical instrumentation, an exciter and an am into the circuit. The display unit may be required to serve the following functions. transmitting Signalling Registering Indicating recording’ A455 S Excter | Vols |} Transducer Volts Lr Amplifier Data presentation Electro-mechanical measurement system The generalised measurement system is classified into 3 stages: a) Input Stage b) Intermediate Stage i. Signal Amplifications ii, Signal Filtration iii, Signal Modification iv. Data Transmission c) Output Stage plifier are also incorporated_ 8 its wave icator or 3 f b) Intermeaiate stage: i ification to increase the power or amplitude of the signal without affec | signal aifiom the detector-transducer element’ is generally too small to operate an rocorder and is amplification i necessary. Depending upon te type of transducer signa the amplification device may be of mechanical, hydraulic/pneumatic, optical and electrical type. ii Signal filtration to extract the desired information from extraneous data. Signal filtration removes the unwanted noise signals that tend to obscure the transducer signal. Depending upon nature of the signal and situation, one may use mechanical, pneumatic or electrical filters ii, Signal modification to provide a digital signal from an analog signal or vice versa, or change the form of output from voltage to frequency or from voltage to current. \v, Data transmission to telemeter the data for remote reading and recording. ¢) Output stage: which constitutes the data display record or control, The data presentation stage collects the output from the signal;conditioning element and presents the same to be read or seen and noted by the experimenter for analysis. This element may be of:- visual display type such as the height of liquid in a manometer or the position of pointer on a scale Y numerical readout on an electrical instrument Graphic record on some kind of paper chart or a magnetic tape. Example: Dial indicator Seale Dial indicator = bowkden Fake PROM Guage, is Cyamelb ksh Primary, ec oe Se serowbnss wave hasye dis bf ened of Pelee agaistvu. ’ es Chat freaon of Measuring Ua men = e 7 Based on Shear appliehion, mode ff spoaten, manner of ° “yy G@ovesion, nedure af ol pont cle, intdmmen ds are Cb es AS follovas, © Mechanical Bra byenende @ Slechicat Dru denver ©D Ebecdrenr Gos dumends ® Deffecdion' a ny)I pe ‘adhumends © Ooty sod hyilt inidhumendy @ dey fro and priser operated Sngdrumendy @ Brodit and man speared Trudamend} ® Godacity x Non—~Con aeding fnsdrumesd @ Pemoye to ditading 7) intdhumecrt @ Mrdetli tor Snudniuming, ‘ ‘ B « 7) tMerharitat Gri gumeode Vaese jrrdrnen Ye ae vy felinble. en a Voy major~C or Udeand oak Gadidune- Et Ay ditt ee iadrandage. Seowne dey are unesle de fapoed ‘eply aaa y dynsnie any chanstenk “Condshons « Thi. is, che bo aft ev bee. essonaig ross togr Pani HO I og bulky 07d_ Gesdomnode and Messwrnmrot futons, a oe y Thersareneny taveve He we of een oes Phy rane of defemising quantity or Varieblas. The faednunen} cesy> 40 Eakension gf harman fotze god enables the mando oN Watue of unknown guandily or arnsle whnk be anaided amano qaeal}rea cemot meacurt, a mearury indumen Geiss do provide Se inforadion abouk dhe ppreal vaiue of cme varingle being mesured, J anske of 4 Single ‘ait fo He unkrewo 1s, howe : an dimple cates aN fngremen whith gives an owlput Vending or digrws according ve. comple meaduremen) Srhuahe Varianley applied do th. Dn ma Crem A measuring fngdaumen} Gontivy of Severe deparake Eleneg These Elements may concisds of fran: duvdrae Elemen Jp coh Grver} dhe meaturand do an Q@nnloqoul pn Ke Tol Jgeke ie dhe PrP cette d cme Inrkermedizde meanl and Hen ge do de End devices, do presen che Yeu of dhe. menguremen} & fhe purpoles gf cluplagy Yerora. and Arbol. The abore mendroned Gnpenendt xh be Ged ele aay or more boats, and dhe boat hele en Elemend maiyh} be eldfer close fege- | fhe fn dividuak meade in! Ker or poysteally Spante. Bee of Hs modular vate of He Flame ny wikin if, frng frames a & | pe Common bo refer dhe measur ameasuremen }- Fie Measavia Gruden ft t tr olseeres pean En geeral measurement mean yy do bras abou phrical oles cfeh as Lenglhy weight, demperatve presse pre! ed ede. (or pneaduremend ern ngdraménd- ee MECH A meauuving inedmumenl- is a dytder w- derke Heb har may Gmnponen ds be poor, ————————9 henve ip. asd 4 ge MOS. Wass presen dy Foerdta ppactlens - "ASE Lollns sre vcs changes ihe A tovelved in 4 ins drumen 8 ig ae ee volte disadvan)aae of merbunie st of dtm an a Potential ns of and ce NOIde An, ure nvise poilydion nas a SN ae G, Oakey wert am ky Spry Ben Seg wT opus indicated hy Cees ae PUL 10 Gmperiston Fo The mechanient sashZvenly 7 Bren in ecdvical inidument, mecdentyatdevicg are wed fe indiccde, Ke vetords. Bs Od Caren} Yading medey © Kec drons ¢ Lens duumendy YTB insdaumends Yeipond parly Thee indus are Ayh) io sey ht, vey Gmmpans ft, Corvome Kew poo Ahly Velesle 4 Gots hers eee Aigh ceri beily and feibshiy aad Yemode inditadion 1 prsisle, Pyenccondar} measartmen } Wass posrisle. Bb dyrrnic and Hareion’ Gndshions QD Ogre tion and nla) bype Erudnment Ceffeedion ty Pe Sinsbrumen be | bey pray Bb Spang AF Gnuidera pring Lela setiog aed bp _ measure dhe woe ht ff an cbjech Pa The weigh) generals on Effet chat oe 4 Fl, yy. WV ley dhe ping this defection &s inbiakd 7 Pome Has Of 3 orw aR Ghibrated Ede- The Ot ing balanve. 7 pa eught bein te Yelabed se Re Hg ae ¢ a Zep Heme 79 ok ftecdion lype ns dromen dh meadured que an effect drab is artimalely Hela ded by dhe deffudion ¢ a Ga clipleged A a number to 1b magabe \ 1 E> Beem Edam i Zisthen Fe ankenwoo way & pled [.. ° om ke pr ib Guyer dhe been and ae ’ ° Privlor do deflect 1 lath (Freon Ave) 8 auc_pleced on ie. Ofer pe undil de °| Veron jeniyhn } Ledance d Ghade Grit Condition ) is °| a indicaded by de poke ry ° ore Th eam Btanee ° 7 Thus dhe megnidide of knnor wocin} dfede's pleted - 8 Re par inorder de g nul baterce g She value oy dhe. a Unknoon weigh} 8 Ths io enti datenic fnudnenends, de Gffed Gused by che. andl © do be meakurd eg mullfied: hie reli friey effec) sak ty Verared © ge a measure of dhe ee af dee eodily being meagre d, © Crotey and Opie dpe ert ° ° eeco o Onatez dy Lurbume’s . 6 Sipe Se Je be omlay 2 Jk Changes in & Genfinuow) mann? and ib dates infinite nowdoro ° of velua in “ger Yonge : oO Una bof. dee quen dito do be meat d oviginade in aol fom? (os) crangducert ased do dedec} dhese quenkbies arcalio #9 ° u Gnaheg fom. - é : “ try Pegrre ~ Trane gaye { Speedemne Jor, geteenome lave o ) 2— @ Digits c 2, ee ea ; ' SPA Ope Breland ® Signal Gn be byte dy it cla ina sere de mennus, g- peafred kg. The fp oo , ; e Ip of 4 lta insduunen} & ctiphayed oe os di ay The Sibel insdrumen ky Ore abvantaneoys becous ¢ ib dekes rite, mimber of vabaes in “y ; Hey aive dive) ae pese Feedeog. Oipita Frat ort noise. oe nae Sranimiction ore. overs dh “Mat YL he quandthes art 19 anclo. chro aad hve Yegutve an : ca), de diyital Ganvertion + For dtis, with Some charping Peds the aneloy ghkn is to Se disaehkud .hen He Feaa ding dy fled value ude be Gded. @ fet generating and Feger gpoaded Trsdramen ds U * 7 «a © © ep geounting Grutownenh, There insdrumerdt done} Fesuire Gor Exdemal poo durte do poem dere apera ions Ke Cony Feucned by He rridsumend Cony keel, wd rors He Fp Signal deelf. Bomb Meecwry ia phe hem mete Boudon dube PreINre Gouge, Dik indiarer Reser Gpaked Lridramen|s,. These. inshrwnen ure an bxlenal. wr Sate & perform decir epeetient: Te Chere ge er iar , hydreute 8 oon- do txcife He pinay Gi) f on LOT “7 Yeguire ovo a Ngges ger operation, my be Gorprased at, : ° jeden and dhe futon oudpud- ic vobed: Gf de. fides opi ©. devises devinles wih raped do dhe given known top; Gerardi © art ede in dhe inudumen} So dheb dhe. outpah medehes with she \ hapat. THe pretest it Glled Glibretion- ; °\ ° © Hyaderesis: On dé J Gmponent © B le ene ui) tab dhe ddreaed Comp W Rene the oujpat of e token foeded iy ro} Yecovered upon aundoading + - : Synels a measureonen pice coil] pra deperd on iy previous inp dy S ° A s ap Lond ofp come by of dnd when ond dé it Galled as feberes oS hig ea 7 dee ye hyo © rod SHE pegy cds te eBal b Be med bad) OBeed 208, Hod ame ie che Lepuh Cope to de. plytiot Kise Grenswand) do cakih de frudumend dog re} Vyponds Uhed: if, Ske. region updo which dle frrdumen} dewno}+ Yapond gf inp} ty Glled dhe. alead zene (Ep O10 gv fr m 19 dow wicighing making) : © devboler ensids “y = Chere io dhe wep cfynel Ange. In te Inpsk diynek Cy) hrecld EME he minimus rebse of de inptt prt (om 0 ae Gatewe)n Veznire d do mebe a nage or Gard oo gen it Ged a dhesho|d vatue- a @ Qetehadion The minimum value of Ke. inp dignal (nm - georahe] © ea an Ineremend in He ode 2 ©00COCCOFHODO0 Veguired do Gare an opprectasle & cled Verdin. (thee Beselubor) . ® Beck baths Qh ic dhe maximum dlideme sash thu one part of 6Ww oo. : ite inidumren| mp, 5 tae "JS Moved withoud alidhediog de @ © Belebie Fro, The rai d 3 Her par: pried o 0 pertenlage 2M Wedic. Br be che dou value eH Gted a5 Velde Eros D2 promie ferns. O Dyownic _theswwemen)- F 1 | © Cppeente. mentwemen} mer ted dhe mead Geen Gudhonent) Feguired do menpure an taps sahich is Vaaing eth Ocheed o ‘ | Oohed of Carve ©) Cyporrenen, Fe peed of Vapse of 0 Dan, intdmumen} iy dined ar de. quickness with which an Snr drame a doa cheage in dhe inped ral Q) Measwing dag Dt dhe delewy in he Reponse yr ‘iasdramen} doa 7. In he Pop Signal © Pidethy Gt is He abiily of A mesearement goken ch repodue. | dke ouput in the Same form av he. inp Ex gy Ke ingy) do dee often ua ine vonve, dhe puke is hid to, foxe. 00: Fidelity 5 Gf He oudprd alto ta cine stave © Dyramic wry gre alifference belwseen dhe mdtended quently ent te « frre velue of dke Hime vayying goontity by Gled ar prac ror OQOxd time. ge ome dalen ‘a an inigumen} do begin th Fyponre 7 dere Fenge to de meapared guantily 6 Gil ar deod Hine: © Gow whook, Q wnvig pod of on tocdmen) (ee 0 poder nok aitume id nal deffecdion pusidton due do Fs mate g smerdte «TE moves beyond dhe. flerdy Uiade: Ke meeimum amount y which te root Pa “ wnver beyond dre Uday Wade & Clkd ay overthoop. I OF) Beanenin Dervonce, PL te rlelned 01 dhe meximun chegeny f dhemenutd Vaieble dfed dhe. menguremen) dra lFatmen?) fy Go fibeig wo ny Ge # : we ca aC Denne Cheracderis has id dle Lrapumendy (Gash w 9p ° i ‘ $ 4 & Ovende) bi Pesdebilr 4 anls yr of fnarumendt | readabiliy a \ pord ehstk tr, fregnen uted « Dato is dipitel intently One, vey 0) Friedel, ‘raed only ops) ave. ov Leing Utd Blea ce ew] Ape nghamends he oda is Ved by az human obdevers Dee amar dBlenear roles ke posttion of a poinder ad acaps over a GAAibvated cate. Gaby Gok Gul Lond indiecher by Oreliz on) by digtbes) _ oh definition, Veadabiliy is che cloceners souk which che Sete ofan anabe Gyre ingdrmen}” Gn be yead- THente an insdumen) with a lo inch Lele can wt) have 0 Iho a chin Cmpared with an BIRD 6 fouh dole fan and He dame Yange: Diterimi nating poset of dfe human obsurer allo makler.Thed-hs an Obderrer vith high altcriminading Pwd wit) gre an fnydumen} a better readability in Gmposnsion wR an obsewer with Low diseri- mina din pees: Seder Readabilily of dre Stele. of oe sntrhmen) it Seid » tei) it dada Gn be veemded AO a higher manber of Signi frean} dyvrd. 5 shumbur and dpxte of gredaetiont 4s die of te porter: Ly peradex Effect. Note 7 tatue of ce fol pony ob}oined wing He. fridrumen} coill never be equat do dhe dnd value, and of tt occuy Soritic due do Luck and tt wil be unrecognised - chute ?s busy ¢ A OOOH OO OOOOOOCOS®PHLCOHODOH 00090000000ime alevia W meaguy Praune Vue ig Ke ) - Snare - wen erdatn) ~ : jsetiay) in dhe measured @lue and He dete in fer 0 fom of Recwesy, prchion ond, Exore L When a ! hen Pied peoly fs beng mere, & numerical Ckieinal. BCncero arites reg “hoo che shistabue. th value. dme wlue hey ore tion |h 66 ke Piytiod gueedihy Go} be defined pod 7 dhe dre. Value of che phyciaL guerdihy & wslnowe and untmaasle: Zn prrcfice dre value Yeas do a walue cbhain by 4 “Gramplr —Medhod?. Ke mbted far been agreed by Epos he be. decent afficiontty accurate + The clase Pear of de meanived value with Vepech fo dhe frre value is Glled case Baonwny Srample Ar hed us day A meromele bt used do meaque a wht. colore dicmeder Re [0 ma ¢ edermintd by an Germpherm medod): > TS he mivomeder ads 94Gom or 1w-olm, Kee values aie ¢ dodge dre value and hente dhe mivomedar is cbid do be accurade. 7 dhe micomeder Yeads FeSmm or lod 7 Heese Valats ae foc Pe dhe tue value and hene the vioomedur ly eid fo be jnacoura tes The acewy of te physical Greohily beig measured depends “0” He basing 2 Ly Deewrms of the iatdnumen) being wed Ao measue He py A Nevtahin of de piciok guentily bag more d Le dhe der} do wohith He dre nha & iprened on He. wik whith dhe obleradion it made 4 He observer Jose. Fol Sun pes duner. Lo tee a. a, Precise The dere Ackewney and precision art wed to erbaypat wien) Meer in many Siduadiong. Buk Sq incdrumenfadion Aowrrry + prey *apo cd tke abil f an invdrneode de mgs @ Vneaaieh a « _ preeton ink gain) jn dhe cfrne. periner dy are made On He ching measuremend Ne Glled a \ ~ ghe dem ie vexed Sank: Thetis # a mmbty of ren furtinony fue value , dte clegree of closeness fF dese precision’. oo Adve fferen}rede bedween aceurety 4 preciion . & iteassrd earlier, acourey ries do cke closeness of Fe mrensuytd Vole fowk expect do ‘he drae value. Bid precision Yefu do de abiliig ‘an icudrmen} do Vepredwe tk eadings agin 4 age in He hme. roanner cfr © Cosdanl input dyrals Dn chord Precis tt he get of aagreemon} nithin agp of mesguremends, Enample, Led us Conidae dkrte tarduumenty X,Y ond dre whe of 1am. Ten measuremenyy ae dake Ra ee ne nnn 1 0 € 2 messing he Lme¢ 17 on Me cone. Aree vobuh Dededls of inet meseart sen ane a elbow : A : eee ne ¢ Graduenen) | pressured Valags ze : oa (Qendings Co>“9) : : eee | ees Xx 441,495 FA, 494, | ohe meuwtd veharae— € 43 FA, FAS, Ay | CINE dn de be 4.45443 | Bane dhe intdnamat S € highly acon € 7 DN ate reafurtd Vaboy § ave cluc Jo ean hy ¢ diadris Hay Chikr with ¢ YSped bo cath Bop R ‘ Rene fe iasbumen) hey ¢ ; Eye geen es eae < NG ANF, AN, 913, Sr The menured volvo) wee Fu, VID ANZHB, 0% Chose be she Gre ¢ GNU FAS Glues Dente dhe Tespumen? ©2 Bed othe mesyured Med BE chose bo cath othe and MC dhe Fas humenb hay high aes = So Precision, V3.5 UL 5K) WH, WT measure | Value) ae FOS (45,944 38 neh close dee fre Vatu fo 9°63 45s Frente the insdumest has low i ALwwary. 77 BY He measure L yatuy am Scattered ter is, dey are. not cle bo ek ottur, There fore Ake insdrmner has fox os . Presid iO Ay Shate espense & Dyanst Pape. n ern Yeponse mearu Eralucting dte yt abiltly do f° 7 a netelary _ingor firdost ow cone ty ik Fronmits and. prbvenly oot ee neuter Pee’ tr neces faery, Woation curied by dee inpw) Spon, Eliminating te vonecetsery Informacion yy namely » Cespente wy chssified tne 4wo an we. = Jodie Response & 7 Oye cableg are many —a~ Hees Seay; Shdie Response, Mescured Variables Y ~ sh ae hel dhe dono} wey voifh dime (or ag “7 v we, hed ig dhey ore Udodic 9 na juve Ex, Cempera dare of a puree arpa 2 dono? var he beberiour of qybint siageckd fe tps He Z aie dime ie demed @ Static repeat_ Ors, Pepnie. Ervvary Bsey he mercurtd Vériable uy | dfugjecded bo adden changes, Hel Mey are dyoanie in Nature, That is, the ‘pad Synak Jo an rrohumen) vill egg iH dime Cinvlen} Jo iasfen}) and Jo dees ids ouput» Heentt, ate bebeviour \ of felons duugeted do dren inpads (coniromsly chy) | demned as dyrarnic Fesponse. © by ER ¢ Ey Temperature of ke gre of a pifon, clisplecemen}- ofa c Vibrating Componen ‘ —7 Fora Guten do here dynes ruponte, the postmen ope ign Should ch a i aaduading inpadcigal- 9? clerly Follows Yep bly J iaeduadiog imps a +> Gh of gpeteos wth a good dynamic. Yeporte axe sed 2 Aigh 19 Comparision with uders aged do Measure wy adicvaliyg Beproduceabilily and Bespealy Wit Leprodateabilily , Gp is He degree of- clawen bekoeer urement measuremtr ly of dhe dame geeokity vohere fhe individu men am made under differen) Gadi ions. @©00000090 for Eumgle. = 4A ar differen) fowyions > with differeo} 7, imghraonen Ly by aifferen). operon Ap over by dime gored. by Under different Gadisou of insrmead ye Dr is wmably Soecgeed im derms of fate Yeading unis pre c COOdCKDCOCCOOC®A giver) Donod : POD of dene, G ¥ i i} bene AS he iasdumen) hey no dvi os a Sedation of pene Hay iy io T—'— Fapeada hi lity 4 7 t Soke reading and ts vendors a ener ’) andor in mo hure, Ox pee tnditil i . meson of ie bok golly aoe by dhe chine opera Jor over a dhod Aime Yepraduci bil by. ? bih yy , Cloreness Zeeon dace essive WH de Lanny Span Pepeadobs Wy) Ooi) ss) y ain Sneple dervns, dpileresis means “en Gincide By efron, by r a oli fferente in he oth or # ren inp hen ea rant Mehed cron he. poste Snctdion. He OOD Pe he dheaed when beaded , is not Yecovervd op ‘ i xl on ids meawwremen} gwk noi) portly dye 4 Jie 1 der y Ged hystee Hygs tan fon diog auves dew oe} Ae Stewed comyonen} Aene fre opt yf 4 PION Input dignals anc Unteading Ts te Seen tad hyp deygereo} Valug a ; NY : . [ iy obbeined of popu) for Me ame inp g ohired ang decreasio7 Godin. me pot Undue jn treadiog