Presentation
title
Mirjam Nilsson
Dr. Mostafa Mahran
Lecturer of Anatomy and Embryology
Anatomy department
You are the
energy of
the place
+
+
Reproductive
system
301
2nd lecture
The prostate gland
● The prostate is a fibromuscular organ
-
-
that surrounds the prostatic urethra in
male.
● It is about 3 cm long and lies between
the neck of the bladder and the
-
urogenital diaphragm.
--
-
● It surrounded by
- -
a fibrous capsule
surrounded by a fibrous sheath
--
derived from pelvic fascia.
&
-The fibrous sheath is attached to the
● - -
posterior surface of the pubic bones
-
-
by puboprostatic ligaments.
-
The prostate gland
The lobes of the prostate are:
T o in front of the urethra and devoid of glandular tissue
Anterior→
●
connects right -
-
and left lobes together
-
● ⑧
Median→ is a wedge between the urethra and ejaculatory ducts
related to the trigone of the bladder and rich in glandular
-
-
tissue, it projects upward behind internal urethral orifice
> - -
-
uvula reside
forming the uvula of bladder
--
>
-
-o
● Posterior→ is behind the urethra and-
-
below the ejaculatory
-
=
ducts
-
Cancer
-
>
-
prostate
-
● Right and left lobes→ lie on either side of the urethra
lateral lobe -
The prostate gland
-
Relations: the prostate is a cone its C
base
-
superior, lies against the neck of the
=> -
bladder
-
and G apex inferior, against the
urogenital diaphragm.
=> -
&
-
The ejaculatory ducts pierce the upper
-
part of the posterior surface of the
-
-
- -
prostate to open into the urethra on
-
-
either side of the prostatic utricle (small
-
-
pouch extending upward into the median
- -
-
-
lobe)
-
-
The prostate gland
-
● Superior:
Baseu The neck of the bladder
-
-
Apex- ●> Inferior:
~
The urogenital diaphragm
-
● Anterior: The retropubic space-
- (cave of Retzius) contains
~ -
extraperitoneal fat. The urethra leaves the prostate just below it
- -
-
-
=
● Posterior: separated from the rectum by the rectovesical pouch (fascia
u = - -
of denonvillier)
-
&
● Lateral: the anterior fibers of levator ani (levator prostate)
u -
The prostate gland
-
● Arterial supply: Inferior vesical and middle rectal
-
-
-
arteries (branches of internal iliac artery)
-
-
● Venous drainage: The prostatic venous plexus which
-
receives dorsal vein of penis and opens into internal
-
iliac vein
- > -
-
● Nerve supply: The inferior hypogastric plexus.
-
-
● Lymph drainage : Internal iliac lymph nodes
- -
Case 1
A 68-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with painful urination
-
and nocturia (urination during the night). MRI examination reveals
enlargement and irregularity of the -
-
uvula of the urethra. This
-
enlargement resulted in difficulty with urinary voiding and
inadequate emptying of the bladder. Which of the following lobes of
-
the prostate gland will most likely be hypertrophied?
-
A. Anterior
B. Median Mentimeter.com
C. Lateral
D. Posterior
E. Lateral and Posterior
Clinical Notices
=
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common to occur to the median lobe
of the prostate
Prostatic carcinoma is most commonly occurring at the Posterior
-
lobe
T
The penis
The male organ (penis)
The penis has a fixed
-
root and a body that hangs
-
free.
The root:
-
● It is made up of 3 masses of erectile tissue termed bulb of penis
- = =
and a right and left crura of penis.
= - -
-
● The bulb is traversed by the urethra and is covered on its outer
-
- -
-
surface by bulbo-spongiosus muscle.
-
● Each crus is attached to the pubic arch and is covered by
&
=
- -
ischiocavernosus muscle.
-
● The bulb
----
is continuous into the body of the penis forming the
corpus spongiosum.
~ -
● The two crura extend side by side to the corpus spongiosum into
- -
the body of the penis as corpora cavernosa. The crura converge on
=
- -
-
the anterior (dorsal) part of the penis
=> -
-
The male organ (penis)
The body:
-
● it is formed by the three corpora (one spongiosum
-
and 2 cavernosa).
-
-
● - - G
It is enclosed in a tubular sheath of fascia (Buck’s
G
fascia).
-
● At its distal part the corpus spongiosum expands to
= -
-
form the 2 glans penis which covers the distal ends of
-
corpora cavernosa.
=
● On the tip of the glans lies the external urethral
= -
orifice.
--
● The glans penis is surrounded by a fold of skin
-
termed=>
-
the prepuce is connected to the lower surface
- -
of the glans by the frenulum of the prepuce.
-
-
-
The male organ (penis)
Blood supply: the internal pudendal gives: deep
- -
arteries of penis to corpora cavernosa, artery of
-
-
- -
bulb
-
and dorsal artery of penis to corpus
spongiosum.
=
--
The veins drain into the internal pudendal vein
Nerve supply: the pudendal nerve and pelvic
- -
-
plexuses
Lymph drainage: in the superficial inguinal lymph -
-
G -
nodes and internal iliac lymph nodes
- -
Embryology of testis
Sources of testis
● The testis is formed from 3 sources: coelomic epithelium,
primordial germ cells and intermediate mesoderm.
-
• Coelomic epithelium : mesodermal cells responsible for formation
- =
of supporting cells of Sertoli
- - Aries
From Caudal
• Primordial germ cells: gives rise to -
wall of Yolk Sac
spermatoogonia which lines
seminiferous tubules ( coming from yolk sac)
-
--
-
• Intermediate mesoderm: gives rise to fibrous capsule of testis
= =
-
called -
tunica albugenia as well as septa dividing the testis into
>
-
compartments
-
Descent of testis
Course of descent:
-
● The testis descends from the high position opposite the upper
- --
lumbar segments to enter the scrotum after traversing the
- ---
inguinal canal.
-
-
It is guided by the gubernaculum and as it passes through the
● -
- -
inguinal canal it is accompanied by the processus vaginalis.
-
-
-
Descent of testis
The testis descends according to the following
time sequence:
-
1. It reaches the iliac fossa: by the 3rd month.
-
- =>
2. It traverses the inguinal canal: by the 7th month.
- -
3. It enters the scrotum: at the time of birth.
- -
Anomalies of descent
-
1) Cryptochism (undescended testis):
-
The testis may be arrested at any of the following sites:
a. In the abdomen
=
b.in the inguinal canal.&
2) Ectopic testis: the testis can be present in any of these
-
unusual sites:
-
a) Just above the superficial inguinal ring
- >
-
-
b) at the root of the penis.
- -
-
c) In the perineum.
- -
d) In the upper part of the medial side of the thigh.
- -
Anomalies of descent
-
3. Anomalies of the processus vaginalis:
The processus vaginalis may remain patent in whole or in
-
-
part leading to any of the following anomalies:
-
-
● Congenital hydrocele: whole processus vaginalis is patent
-
-
with accumulation of fluid in scrotum
- -
-
● Congenital inguinal hernia: the whole processus vaginalis is
-
patent, and a loop
-
of intestine may
-
herniated into it
-
-Cyst of the spermatic cord: is due to persistence of an
●
-
isolated segment of the processus
=>
-
-
vaginalis patent
Thank you
