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Religion

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34 views7 pages

Religion

Uploaded by

Imran Umar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Qno1: Define Religion. Discuss various anthropological approaches to the study of religion.

Introduction
Characteristics of Religion:
 The holy
 Belief
 Rituals
 Community
 Symbols
Religion Definition According to Emile Durkheim
 Evolutionary Approach
 John Lublok: The origin of civilization of primitive religion
- Atheism
- Fetishism
- Totemism
- Shamanism
- Monotheism
 E.B Tylor
- Animism
- Polytheism
- Monotheism
 Anthony Wallace
- Shamanism
- Polytheism
- Monotheism
 Emile Durkheim
- Totemism
 Psychological Approach
 Emotional response acts as an anchor in giving religion a rationale
 Types of Emotion (Mana, Fear, and Numinous Feeling)
 Functional Approach
 Disciplinary function
 Durkheim: Religion exists in a social context
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
Qno2: All groups of people develop complexes of symbols, rituals, and beliefs that connect their own
experience to the essential nature of the universe. Explain the evolution and function of primitive religion
as discussed by anthropologists.
Introduction
Evolution of Religion:
Later belief:
 Shamans
 Monotheist
According to August Compte
 Stages of human religion: Theological stage, Abstract stage and Scientific stage
Functions of primitive religion:
 Explaining the unexperienced
 Provide a sense of community
 Rules and Laws
 Cultural tradition
 Social Order
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
Qno3: Discuss religion and supernatural beliefs according to an evolutionary perspective.
Religion Definition According to Emile Durkheim
Characteristics of Religion:
 The holy
 Belief
 Rituals
 Community
 Symbols
Anthropological Approaches to Religion
 Evolutionary Approach
 John Lublok: The origin of civilization of primitive religion
- Atheism
- Fetishism
- Totemism
- Shamanism
- Monotheism
 E.B Tylor
- Animism
- Polytheism
- Monotheism
 Anthony Wallace
- Shamanism
- Polytheism
- Monotheism
 Emile Durkheim
- Totemism
Critical analysis
Conclusion
Qno4: Discuss and compare various forms of divine religions with other world religions including
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
Introduction
Religion According to Emile Durkheim
Evolutionary Approach
 John Lublok: The origin of civilization of primitive religion
- Atheism
- Fetishism
- Totemism
- Shamanism
- Monotheism
 E.B Tylor
- Animism
- Polytheism
- Monotheism
 Anthony Wallace
- Shamanism
- Polytheism
- Monotheism
 Emile Durkheim
- Totemism
Comparison of Religion
 Hinduism
 Concept of god, caste vs other religions
 Buddhism
 Concept of god, caste vs other religions
 Jainism
 Concept of god, caste vs other religions
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
Qno5: Anthropologically what various belief and magic systems across history humans have practised as
a social institution? What belief systems other than the religions are still being practised in Pakistani
society today and why?
Introductions
Anthropological examples of belief and Marginal system
 Animism
 Totemism
 Folk belief
 Shamanism
 Witchcraft and sorcery
 Divination
Pakistan's context belief system
 Sufi System
 Saints
 Spiritual healers
 Cultural folk belief
 Pre-islamic customs
 Sectarians groups
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
Qno6: Religion is a significant commonality in Pakistani Culture. How sectarianism can be controlled to
use religion for national integration?
Introduction
Religion according to Emile Durkheim
Importance of Religion in Pakistani Culture
 Provide a complete code of life
 Religious laws
 Economical laws
 Ways to Pray
 Importance of religious events
 Understanding religious regulation
How sectarianism can be controlled?
 Involvement of religious scholars
 Telling people about actual religious duties
 Legal measures
 Role of OIC
 Educational awareness
 Political inclusivity
 Role of social media
Critical Analysis
Conclusion
Qno7: Define “animism” and state the evolutionary scheme of religion provided by E. B. Tylor.

Introduction

Animism: Definition

Animism According to Scholars

 John Luckbok (The origin of civilization of primitive religion)


 Anthony Wallace

E.B Tylor Evolutionary Approach

 Animism
 Polytheism
 Monotheism

Real- Life examples

- Arunta Tribe
- In ancient Greece, they believed in gods like Zeus, the god of thunder, and Poseidon,
the god of the sea
- In Islam, there's the belief in one God, Allah,

Critical Analysis

Conclusion

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