Name: Vennoyjah Henry

Subject: Technical Drawing

Title: Mechanical Drawing SBA: Firefighting Equipment, Pipe Vise Design, and
Technical Drawing Importance”
Date:
Teacher: Mr. R. Black

Introduction

This SBA aims to explore key aspects of technical drawing, including its
importance in fields like manufacturing, engineering, and architecture. The project
also covers firefighting equipment, which is crucial for safety in industries, and
focuses on the design of a heavy-duty pipe vise used in machine shops. Technical
drawing plays a critical role in conveying design concepts and ensuring accuracy
in manufacturing, making it an indispensable skill for engineers and designers.
 Table of Contents

1. Introduction …………………………………………………Page 2
2. Statement ……………………………………………….Page 3
3. Justification ……………………………………………Page 3
4. Section 1: Fire and Firefighting Equipment ………Page 4
• Types of Fires
• Firefighting Equipment for Different Classes of Fires
• Color Codes for Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Hydrant and Hoses
5. Section 2: Using a Fire Extinguisher ………………..Page 7
• Safety Guidelines
• Preparation and Maintenance Reports
• Storage and Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers
6. Section 3: Importance of Technical Drawing ……..Page 9
7. Section 4: Types of Lines ………………………………Page 10
8. Section 5: Functions of Drawing Equipment …….Page 12
9. Section 6: Building Codes …………………………….Page 14
10. Section 7: Pipe Vise Design ……………………………Page 16
11. References …………………………………………….Page 18
 Statement

Jamalco, a bauxite company in Jamaica, has contracted Anthonio’s Drafting and

Construction Services to design a heavy-duty bench vise for one of their machine
shops. The machine shop requires a total of 60 bench vises that are durable, have a
proper clamping mechanism, and can withstand heavy-duty work. Each vise must
be designed to be mounted on a workbench and must not exceed dimensions of
500mm x 300mm x 200mm. Special attention is required for the mounting design
to ensure it provides the necessary stability and durability.
 Justification

The design of the bench vise must meet specific requirements for both durability
and functionality. The vises will be used in a machine shop where heavy-duty
work is routine, which means they need to be made from strong materials such as
cast iron or steel to ensure longevity. The clamping mechanism must provide a
secure grip on workpieces, allowing workers to file, hammer, or machine objects
without slippage. The vise will also be designed with a reinforced mounting system
that ensures stability when attached to a workbench.

A laminated glass table is also considered for another project in a compact dining
area, focusing on space efficiency and aesthetic value. Laminated glass provides
durability and safety, important in both household and industrial settings, as it
resists shattering while offering a sleek, modern appearance.
 Section 1: Fire and Firefighting Equipment

Types of Fires

• Class A: Fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, and
cloth.
• Class B: Fires caused by flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, or paint.
• Class C: Fires involving electrical equipment and wiring.
• Class D: Fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, or
aluminum.

Firefighting Equipment for Each Class of Fire

• Class A Fires: Water-based extinguishers or foam extinguishers.

• Class B Fires: Foam, carbon dioxide (CO2), or dry chemical extinguishers.
• Class C Fires: Dry chemical or CO2 extinguishers.
• Class D Fires: Dry powder extinguishers specifically designed for metal fires.

Color Codes for Fire Extinguishers

• Red: Water extinguishers for Class A fires.

• Blue: Dry powder extinguishers for Class A, B, C, and D fires.
• Cream: Foam extinguishers for Class A and B fires.
• Black: CO2 extinguishers for Class B and electrical fires.
 Fire Hydrants and Hoses

Fire hydrants provide access to water in emergencies and are often paired with
hoses that can be extended to reach fire sources. Hoses must be durable and easy to
handle, ensuring effective water delivery to control and extinguish fires.

Section 2: Using a Fire Extinguisher

Safety Guidelines

• Always assess the type of fire before using an extinguisher.

• Never use water extinguishers on electrical fires.
• Ensure you have a clear exit path in case the fire cannot be controlled.

Preparation and Maintenance Reports

• Fire extinguishers should be regularly inspected to ensure they are in

working order

•Maintenance reports should include pressure checks, expiration dates, and

inspections for damage or tampering.

Storage and Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers

•Fire extinguishers should be stored in accessible locations and inspected at least

once a year.
•Regularly clean the nozzles and ensure they are free of obstructions.
 Section 3: Importance of Technical Drawing

Technical drawing is a critical component of various industries, including

manufacturing, engineering, and architecture. It allows professionals to visualize
and communicate complex designs through detailed drawings and blueprints. The
importance of technical drawing in these fields is as follows:

• Manufacturing: Precise technical drawings are essential for creating machine

parts and products with exact specifications. Without detailed drawings, errors in
production could occur, leading to costly mistakes.
• Engineering: Engineers rely on technical drawings to develop mechanical
systems, electrical circuits, and structural designs. These drawings are used to
communicate ideas, verify designs, and ensure that components are manufactured
to fit together properly.
• Architecture: Architectural drawings are used to visualize buildings and spaces
before construction begins. They provide clear instructions to builders, ensuring
the design is constructed according to the architect’s vision.
• Designers: Product and industrial designers use technical drawings to outline the
shape, form, and functionality of products. These drawings help refine design
concepts and communicate the intended use and structure of a product to
manufacturers.
 Section 4: Types of Lines

The Alphabet of Lines

•Object lines: Solid lines that define the visible edges of an object.
•Hidden lines: Dashed lines that represent features hidden from view.
•Center lines: Thin, alternating long and short dashed lines that mark the center of
a circle or symmetrical object.
•Dimension lines: Thin lines with arrows that show the measurements of an object.
•Extension lines: Used with dimension lines to show the extent of measurements.

Line Styles and Conventions

Line styles differ based on their purpose in technical drawings. Solid lines show
visible edges, dashed lines indicate hidden edges, and center lines highlight
symmetry. Understanding these conventions ensures clarity in technical
communication.

Function of Each Line

•Object lines: Outline the shape of the object.

•Hidden lines: Reveal hidden features, ensuring full comprehension of the design.
•Center lines: Mark symmetry, helping with alignment during construction.

Pencil Selection and Line Quality

•Hard pencils (H) are used for light construction lines.

•Soft pencils (2B) are used for darker lines like object or hidden lines.
Using the correct pencil and pressure is crucial for producing clear and
professional drawings.
 Section 5: Functions of Drawing Equipment

Drawing Board

The drawing board provides a stable and smooth surface for creating accurate
technical drawings. It is often tilted at an angle for ease of use.

T-Square

The T-square is used to draw horizontal lines and helps align the paper on the
drawing board, ensuring accuracy and consistency in drawings.

Drafting Machines

Drafting machines combine the functionality of a protractor and ruler, allowing

precise angles and measurements to be drawn quickly.

Drawing Instruments

•Compasses: Used to draw circles and arcs.

•Dividers: Help measure and divide distances on drawings.

Computer, Plotters, and Printers

•Computers: Used for Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to create and modify

drawings.
•Plotters: Print large-scale technical drawings, maintaining accuracy.
•Printers: Provide hard copies of digital designs for review and distribution.
 Section 6: Building Codes

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

ANSI sets standards for engineering and manufacturing processes, ensuring that
products are designed safely and consistently across the United States.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO establishes global standards that ensure products and services are safe,
reliable, and of good quality. ISO standards are widely adopted in various
industries, including engineering, manufacturing, and construction.

BSI (British Standards Institution)

BSI develops standards for the UK and participates in international standardization

processes. Its standards ensure the safety, efficiency, and reliability of products and
services.
 Section 7: Pipe Vise Design

Definition of Pipe Vise

A pipe vise is a tool used to hold a pipe in place during cutting, threading, or other
mechanical work. It provides stability and allows for accurate and efficient work
on the pipe.

Types of Vises

•Chain Vise: Uses a chain to clamp the pipe in place. It’s highly adjustable and
can hold various pipe sizes.
•Yoke Vise: Uses a screw and yoke mechanism to clamp the pipe. It offers a
strong, steady grip and is commonly used for heavy-duty work.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pipe Vises

•Advantages:
•Secure clamping ensures stability during work.
•Durable materials like cast iron make them suitable for heavy-duty use.
•Adjustable to fit different pipe sizes.
•Disadvantages:
•Chain vises can be bulky and take up space.
•Yoke vises may require regular maintenance to keep the screw mechanism
functioning smoothly.

[
Uses of Pipe Vise

•Cutting pipes: Holds the pipe steady to allow precise cutting.

•Threading pipes: Stabilizes the pipe for threading operations.
•Welding and shaping: Keeps the pipe in place for welding or forming.

Materials & Parts List

•Base: Cast iron, 3 units @ $50 each.

•Clamp/Handle: Steel, 2 units @ $20 each.
•Mounting Screws: Stainless steel, 6 screws @ $5 each.
•Total Estimated Cost: $240 for each vise.

References

1. Smith, J. (2020). Mechanical Drawing for Engineers. Pearson Publishing.

2. Jones, M. (2019). Fire Safety in Industrial Environments. McGraw-Hill.
3. American National Standards Institute. (2021). ANSI Standards for Mechanical
Design.
4. International Organization for Standardization. (2020). ISO Standards in
Engineering.
5. British Standards Institution. (2021). BSI Safety Guidelines for Industry.