REVIEWER IN PERDEV Information about you that both you & others

know.
Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.
BLIND SELF(Unknown to self & known to
-Aristotle others)

Self is the union of elements, namely: Body, Information about you that you don't know but
thoughts, feelings or emotions and sensations others do know.
that constitute the individuality and identity of
a person.Is an intangible entity that directs a HIDDEN SELF(Known to self & unknown to
person's thoughts and actions. others)

Why is knowing yourself so important? Information about you that you know but
others don't know.
Knowing and understanding yourself part would
help you to make much better decisions.It will UNKNOWN SELF(Unknown to self & unknown
improve your decision making habits, in setting to others)
and reaching appropriate goals and altogether
Information about you that neither you nor
living more productively and more.Knowing and
others know.
understanding oneself during middle and late
adolescence is quite hard at times. Johari Window is a technique that helps people
improve self-awareness, interpersonal
Adolescence is a stage wherein we tend to build
relationships and opportunity for personal
a "socially constructed sense of self", that is our
development by giving or receiving feedbacks
sense of self as influenced by how others view
on each other's strengths, weaknesses and
us. This socially constructed sense of self is the
blind spots.
reason why we tend to seek approval and
acceptance of other people for a purpose of This was developed by American Psychologists
attaining sense of belongingness. Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955. The
name "Johari" is formed from combining their
Self-Awareness first names.
A state of having the knowledge about our
existence as unique individuals who are able to
recognize our values, beliefs, traits, behaviors Self-Concept
and feelings.
Self-concept is our general awareness about
Self-awareness is being significantly conscious ourselves, the image that we have of ourselves.
of what we are good at while recognizing our This image is influenced by our interactions with
flaws, limitations and imperfections. other people specifically those who are
important to us.
JOHARI WINDOW

OPEN SELF(Known to Self & known to others)

According to Carl Rogers, a humanist • Our overall subjective sense of value or
psychologist. Self-concept our self-concept is personal worth. That is how we feel about our
made up of three different parts, the actual strengths and weaknesses.
self, the ideal self and the self-esteem.

The Types of Self-Concept

Skills also determine whether real actions are
Actual Self (Actual Personal Self) performed in accordance with the plan. If the
same ability is used many times in the same
How people perceive themselves situation, then it becomes a habit that runs
Ideal Self (Ideal Personal Self) automatically, subconsciously.

How people would like to become Here are some skills that will greatly increases
the efficiency of any person who owns them:
Social Self
1. Determination. It allows you to focus only in
How people feel others see them achieving a specific goal without being
distracted by less important things or
Ideal Social Self
spontaneous desires.
How people would like others to see them
2. Self-Confidence. It appears in the process of
Expected Self personal development, as a result of getting
aware of yourself, your actions and their
How people expect to see themselves at some consequences.
future time
3. Persistence. It makes you keep moving
Actual Self forward regardless of emerging obstacles-
problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc.
• Our self-image, the one we actually see
including attributes like our physical 4. Managing Stress. It helps combat stress that
characteristics, personality traits and social arises in daily life from the environment and
roles. It is how we think and feel, behave or other people.
act.Our actual self is built on self-knowledge,
which is the actual genuine information that we 5. Problem-solving skills. They help cope with
have about our motivations, strong or the problems encountered with a lack of
weaknesses experience.

Ideal Self 6. Creativity. It allows to find extraordinary

ways to carry out a specific action that no one
• Ideal Self is the self that we aspire to be. The has tried to use.
one we hope will possess the characteristics
that we really want to have. 7. Generating ideas. It helps you achieve goals
using new, original, unconventional ideas.

Self-esteem (Pagpapahalaga sa sarili)

Moviegoers - the people who only watch, The process of self-actualization and learning
admire and criticize the movie of their lives. that combines an individual's mental, physical,
They are the ones who have absolutely no social, emotional, spiritual growth.
control of their lives except to just comment,
react and criticize. There are various elements involved in the
holistic development of an individual. Human
Actors-they do not just watch the movie of their life is complex and has consist different phases,
lives, they act and can control how they portray social life, student life, etc.
the character. However, they don't have the
control over the script. ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Physiological Development
Actor-Scriptwriters-do not only watch, do not
only act, but they actually create the whole  Rapid body growth
movie and determine what they will say, what  Hair growth
they will do and how they will end the movie. T  Muscle modification
by realize they have the huge control over their The changes are preparing you to become
life and see to it that the movie will turn out to physically capable of biological reproduction
be amazing and beautiful.
Cognitive Development
According to Bo Sanchez, part of taking charge
of our future is to write a script of our life  The brain continues to develop
according to how we want it to be.  You are beginning to think from
concrete to abstract terms and able to
For Socrates, the most important thing to conceptualize theoretical ideas
pursue was self-knowledge, and admitting one's  Problems are now being evaluated
ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge. logically and scientifically.
For Plato, one of Socrates's students, the Psychological Development
beginning of knowledge is self - knowledge.
 Changes in the emotions, feelings,
Other ancient philosophers from other culture moods and manner of thinking.
saw the wisdom in knowing oneself. The  On going establishment of strongly-held
ancient Hindu writings Upanishads confirmed, beliefs, values, and goals in life.
"Inquiry into the truth of the "Self" is  During adolescence individuals
knowledge". undergo the process of self-evaluation
The Persian poet Rumi ruminated, "Who am I in which leads to long-range goal setting,
the midst of all this thought traffic?" and the emotional and social dependence and
American poet Walt Whitman celebrated his maturity.
"Self" as a "simple, separate person."  Social Development
 You begin to rely more on your friends
HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT or peer groups for suppor tthan on your
family. However, you are more prone to
peer pressure.
  Spiritual Development  Most of them spend more time with
 You begin to have interest in spiritual their peers rather than with their
concerns. You start pondering on parents and siblings.
questions concerning existence,  The period of risk-taking behaviors.
essence of spirituality, religion and God.  They find satisfaction in exploring and
DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD trying new things.
 Early Adolescence  Begins to think outside the box and star
 • 10-14 years old & to plan for their future.
 The changes in hormones happen which  Idealistic yet still unable to apply in real
contribute to mood swings life situations
 Physical growth and changes are vividly  Become interested and involved in a
significant. romantic relationship
 Arguments between them and their
parents do occur every time the latter
 Due to various body developments impose rules
many become curious to what is  The peek of peer pressure
happening to them which sometimes  They become conscious of their
resulted to anxiety. community and get more concern for
 This stage is where they value much of the well-being of others.
their privacy and their independence. Late Adolescence
 Understanding abstract ideas is not that
substantial but has eagerness to learn.  18 to 24 years old
 Begins thinking and considering  Considers mental and cognitive growth
spiritual and moral values  Maturity becomes evident with regard
to decision-making
 They become less impulsive, more
Middle Adolescence critical and rational
 They now have a better control with
 15 to 17 years old their emotions
 Puberty stage is almost complete.  Can now identify their own core values.
 Development in physical aspect  Start to value family relationship,
becomes slower among females but it becomes emotionally stable.
continues among males.  Life-plans are more specific
 Emotionally unstable most of the time  Faith in God is stronger.
which is linked to the social and school
environment. Emerging Adulthood
 Most of them are egocentric which This is development stage happened between
means they think more on themselves, ages 18-25 which occurs after the adolescence
for they are more self-conscious on how period and before young adulthood.This is more
they look or how they appear to other described as a period of identity exploration.
people.
 threatening or life changing. Examples: Car
accident, breakup with boyfriend or girlfriend,
STRESS and separation from loved ones.
It is the reaction of the mind and body to
stimulus that causes tension on the well-being
and disturbs the state of calm or equilibrium of Stress as RESPONSE - This is the aspect of stress
al person. emphasized by Selye (1956), the way the body
reacts to challenging situations. It involves the
Stress is now understood as a way of life crisis interactions between the hormones, glands and
(Masih & Gulrez, 2006) af fecting any individual nervous system where adrenal gland drive the
regardless of their developmental stage production 7 of cortisol (produces energy to an
(Banerjee & Chatterjee, 2016). action) and release norepinephrine (triggers the
Stress According Psychologist body's reaction; increased heart rate, higher
blood pressure,) or better known as "stress
DISTRESS hormone".

great pain, anxiety, or sorrow, acute physical or Stress is RELATIONAL - Lazarus and Folkman's
mental suffering affliction; trouble (1984) definition of stress reflects very clearly
this way of thinking. - Assessment here means
EUSTRESS
that when a person allows reasoning to prevail
stress that is deemed healthful or giving orte and weigh the relevance or irrelevance of
the feeling of fulfillment situation. Example of this is a flight delay.

Beneficial stress - Stress can be beneficial and Healthy Stress

helpful to individuals when a small and sporadic
It can motivate, energize, and produce fruitful
amount of stress occur. It became a motivation
actions.
for you to work hard and conquer those
conflicts that makes you stressed. Examples: Stage performance- stress can help
individual to perform something better, it can
Destructive stress - stress can be destructive to
develop and individual.
both physical and mental health when excessive
amounts of stress sustained over lengthy
period.
TWO SOURCES OF STRESS
Three (3) Views about Stress
1. External Stressors - comes from the outside
Stress as STIMULUS of you like cer ain situations and people.
Example: Major life changes, such as death of a
Stress as RESPONSE
loved one. Work or school.
Stress as RELATIONAL
2. Internal Stressors - coming from within your
Stress as STIMULUS - Caused by situations thoughts that caused you to feel fear ful about
(which often called stressors) that may be life
the future and personal beliefs, which include 19. Not achieving something that you really
your own expectations. wanted

Example: Negative self-talk, Unrealistic 20. Thinking about future

expectations
21. Dealing with sexual feelings

22. Worrying about neighborhood or world

Some possible sources of stress for teenagers problems
includes:
23. Feeling guilty
1. School demands (test and homework) and
frustrations Fight

2. Negative thoughts and feelings about  Aggressiveness

themselves  Toughness of body
 Stomp, kick
3. Change in their bodies  Anger, rage
 Knot in stomach, nausea, vomiting
4. Problems with friends and/or peers at school
Flight
5. Unsafe living environment or neighborhood
Restless legs and feet
6. Separation or divorce of parents
Feeling trapped
7. Chronic illness or sever problems in the
family Anxiety/ adrenaline

8. Death of a loved one Wide eyes

9. Moving or changing schools Tense

10. Taking on too many activities Freeze

11. Family financial problems Feeling numb

12. Moving to new home and school Heart pounding

13. Dating Sense of dread

14. Too high parental and school expectations Pale skin

15. Sports and extracurricular activities Holding breath/ restricted breathing

16. Job Hunting

17. Social backwardness Healthy Coping Mechanisms

18. Too many things to do Emotion-Focused Coping Skills

  Exercise 8. Decrease negative self-talk: challenge
 Listening to Music negative thoughts about yourself with
 Journaling alternative neutral or positive thoughts.

Problem-Focused Coping Skills 9. Learn to feel good about doing a competent

or good enough job rather than demanding
 Work on Time Management perfection from yourself and others.
 Establish Healthy Boundaries
 Ask for Support 10. Take a break from stressful situations.

It can help in avoiding the damages that may be 11. Build a network of friends who help you
brought about by sever or chronic stress to your cope in a positive way.
health and well-being.

Coping can be problem-focused, when

remedies or solutions are thought of change the Adolescence is rooted in the Latin verb
situation to reduce the stress or emotion- adolescence which denotes "to grow" or "to
focused, objective is decreasing the emotional grow to maturity."
effect caused by the stressful situation (Feist This stage signifies the period of growth: from
and Rosenberg, 2012) childhood to adulthood.
Teens can handle stress with the following They also experience sexual awareness and
behaviors and techniques: gender identity.
1. Exercise and eat regularly

2. Avoid excess caffeine intake which can Gender identity refers to a person's internal
increase feelings of anxiety and agitation sense of gender, which may or may not match
3. Avoid illegal drugs, alcohol and tobacco with the sex assigned at birth.

4. Learn relaxation exercise (abdominal Cognitive ability enables adolescents to perform

breathing and muscle relaxation technique). mental activities such problem solving and
learning. Adolescents are also concerned about
5. Develop assertiveness training skills. For their physical identity.
example, state feelings in polite firm and not
overly aggressive or passive ways: ("I feel angry Physical identity refers to an individual's
when you yell at me", "Please stop yelling ") awareness of his/her own appearance.

Teens can handle stress with the following Three Stages of Adolescence
behaviors and techniques:
Early adolescence (10-13 years old) is the
6. Rehearse and practice situations which cause beginning stages of puber y where both sexes
stress. experience significant physical growth and
increased sexual interest.
7. Learn practical coping skills
Middle adolescence (14-16 years old) is a stage 2. Good grooming
where puber y is already completed. In this
stage, both sexes continue to experience 3. Proper bearing and posture
growing capacity for abstract ideas. This is also 4. Proper nutrition
where numerous social and emotional changes
occur. 5. Better sleep hours and clean environment

Late adolescence (17-19 years old) is a mark of 6.Social Development

the f hal preparations for adult roles. Ta
8.Personality as reiterated by Eric Erickson is a
developmental demands of the late
result of an individual's relationship with the
adolescence extend up to the period of young
significant others as he goes along performing
adulthood.
his everyday tasks.
Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence
Merki (2020) stated that social health directly
Middle Adolescence (Ages 14-16) connotes relatedness with other people. T base
are the connections we establish with other
During this stage, adolescents become morally groups of people. T base are based on how one
aware (Morality refers to the beliefs about what relates and acts which involves key skills of
is right behavior and what is wrong behavior). social health inclusive of communication,
They have the potential ability for abstract compromise and cooperation.
thinking which is characterized by the ability to
apply concepts and to create and comprehend Mental Development
generalizations. They also experience desire for
• Personality is never measured by external
independence, which is the freedom from the
factors alone. Mental ability forms part and
control or influence of other people.
parcel of one's persona.

• People differ in several ways. Intelligence is

Late Adolescence (Ages 17-19) one element that separates one from all others
of same demographics.
During this stage, adolescents attain increased
independence and emotional stability, which Cognitive Problems
enables a person to manage her emotions and
• Memory problems
life. Adolescents also attain the ability to think
about ideas logically, make plans, and gain a • Inability to concentrate
firm sense of identity (Identity refers to the set
of qualities and beliefs that make one person or • Poor judgement
group dif ferent from others). They are also
Study Habits
concerned with romantic relationships.
1. Have the right mindset
Promoting Physical Health
2. Practice Zero Navigation when preparing for
1. Personal hygiene
the coursework
3. Choose the proper venue for studying Emotions are spontaneous responses to certain
stimuli. It is a natural and random response to
4. Make a reviewer situations that may cause anger, sadness,
5. Bring only the things that you need happiness and fear.

Emotional Symptoms
Morality
 Moodiness
This is principle concerning how individuals
 Irritability or short temper
distinguish what is right from what is wrong.
 Agitation, inability to relax
Morality comes from the Latin word.
 Feeling overwhelmed
"moralitas" which denotes manner, character
 Sense of loneliness and isolation
and proper behavior.
 Anxiety
• It is the differentiation of intentions, decisions  Constant worrying
and actions between those that are  Depression or general unhappiness
distinguished as proper and those that are
Anxiety
improper the disjunction between right and
wrong. The American Psychological Association (APA)
defines Anxiety is an emotion characterized by
Emotional Development
feelings of tension, worried thoughts and
Positive Emotions physical changes like increased blood pressure.
People with anxiety disorders usually have
A classification of pleasant emotion which may recurring intrusive thoughts or concerns. They
include happiness, excitement, joy, relief, may avoid cer tain situations out of worry.
triumph, jubilation. It connotes an expression
where one finds himself smiling or laughing They may also have physical symptoms such as
with a feel of "elation". This come from positive sweating. trembling, dizziness or a rapid
experiences especially when one is able to heartbeat.
attain or satisfy his expectations and desires.

Negative Emotions
Depression
A classification of emotion involving sadness,
Depression otherwise known as major
disgust, annoyance, anxiety, anger, jealousy,
depressive disorder or clinical depression is a
fear and the like. It is shown through facial
common and serious mood disorder.
expression that is manifested in an unhappy
face, tears, discomfort, pain and even Aside from the emotional problems caused by
psychosomatic illness. depression, individuals can also present with a
physical symptom such as chronic pain or
Emotions comes the latin word "Emovere" digestive issues.
which means to "move out".
Men may experience symptoms related to Bipolar
their:
The American Psychological Association said
 Mood, such as anger, aggressiveness, that Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that
irritability, anxiousness, restlessness causes changes in a person's mood, energy, and
Emotional well-being, such as feeling ability to function.
empty, sad, hopeless
 Behavior, such as loss of interest, no People with bipolar disorder experience intense
longer finding pleasure in favorite emotional states that typically occur during
activities, feeling tired easily, thoughts distinct periods of days to weeks, called mood
of suicide, drinking excessively, using episodes.
drugs, engaging In high-risk activities Eating Disorders
 Sexual interest, such as reduced sexual
desire, lack of sexual performance Eating disorders are a range of psychological
 Cognitive abilities, such as inability to conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits to
concentrate, dif tuity completing tasks, develop. They might star twith an obsession
delayed responses during conversations with food, body weight, or body shape.
 Sleep patterns, such as insomnia,
Anorexia Nervosa
restless sleep, excessive sleepiness,
Physical well-being, such as fatigue, An eating disorder that can result in severe
pains, headache, digestive problems weight loss. A person with anorexia is
preoccupied with calorie intake and weight.
Women may experience symptoms related to
their: Bulimia Nervosa
 Mood, such as irritability An eating disorder, commonly referred to
 Emotional well-being, such as feeling simply as bulimia. It's a serious condition that
sad or empty, anxious or hopeless can be life-threatening. It's generally
 Behavior, such as loss of interest in characterized by binge eating followed by
activities, withdrawing from social purging.
engagements, thoughts of suicide
 Cognitive abilities, such as thinking or What is Mental Health?
talking more slowly
According to World Health Organization
 Sleep patterns, such as dif fculty
"Mental health is a state of well-being in which
sleeping through the night, waking
an individual realizes his or her own abilities,
early, sleeping too much
can cope with the normal stresses of life, can
work productively, and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community."
 Physical well-being, such as decreased
energy, greater fatigue, changes in
appetite, weight changes, aches, pain,
Adolescents also experience challenges in peer,
headaches, increased cramps
family, and romantic relationship.
1.Peer relationship includes relationships with Lack of education is a condition in which a
friends, neighbors, teammates, and classmates; person has a below-average level of knowledge
it enables an adolescent to have independence in basic things in which life due to little or no
from their parents and to develop his/her own formal schooling.
personal identity.
Family problems involve conflict with family
2.Family relationship involves relationship with members, parenting issues, sibling rivalry,
immediate family members including parents separation of parents, and financial problems.
and siblings. An adolescent with a good family
relationship makes him/her feel secured and Managing Extreme Emotions and Live Mentally
loved. Healthy

3Romantic relationship is an interpersonal 1.Seek Help

relationship that involves emotional intimacy 2. Explore
and passion with the opposite sex.
3. Be Positive
Example of social challenges during middle and
late adolescence 4. Practice proper breathing technique

Youth violence refers to the intentional use of 5. Use Mantra

physical force or power to threaten or harm
6. Humor
young people.
7. Keep yourself busy
Examples are sexual assault, kicking, and
bullying. 8. Protect yourself by improving your self-
esteem
Substance abuse is a long-term, pathological
use of alcohol or drugs, characterized by daily 9. Develop Hardiness
intoxication, inability to reduce consumption,
and impairment in social or occupational 10. Take a Break
functioning; broadly, alcohol or drug addiction.

Malnutrition refers to faulty nutrition due to

STAGES OF PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT
inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients or
their impaired assimilation or utilization.  germinal
 embryonic
Reproductive Health is a condition in which the
 fetal
reproductive functions and processes are
Periods of Human Development
accomplished in a state of complete physical,
 Prenatal Development.
mental and social well-being.
 Infancy and Toddlerhood.
Example of social challenges during middle and  Early Childhood.
late adolescence  Middle Childhood.
 Adolescence.
 Early Adulthood.
  Middle Adulthood.
 Late Adulthood.

ASPECTS OF THE SELF

 Spiritual Self
 Physical Self
 Contextual Self
 Sensual Self
 Intellectual Self
 Nutritional Self
 Emotional Self
 Interactional Self