JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
PANCHAWATI, NORTH& MIDDLE
ANDAMAN
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
2024 - 25
NAME : KRITI BAROI
CLASS : XII SCIENCE
ROLL NO:
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
TOPIC: TO INVESTIGATE THE DEPENDANCE OF THE ANGEL OF
DEVIATION ON THE ANGEL OF INCIDENCE
SUBMITTED TO: MR.NEERAJ BHATT
INDEX
＊CERTIFICATE
＊ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
＊DECLARATION
＊AIM OF THE PROJECT
＊INTRODUCTION
＊EXPERIMENT SET UP
＊PROCEDURE
＊OBSERVATION
＊RESULT
＊BIBLIOGRAPHY
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that Miss KRITI BAROI
student of XII Science Jawahar Navodaya
Vidyalaya , North& Middle Andaman has
successfully completed the project of
physics on the topic “To investigate the
dependence of the angel of deviation on the
angel of incidence”under the guidance of
MR.NEERAJ BHATT in particular fufillment
of curriculum of central board of secondary
education [CBSE]leading to the award of
annual examination 2024-2025
Signature of Signature of External
Physics teacher examiner
Signature of Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my profound gratitude
towards many individuals,as without their
support,it would not be possible for me to
complete this project report . Firstly ,I would like
to extend my thanks to SMTI.JOLLY VINCENT
our respected principal who gave the golden
opportunity in enhancing my hidden capabilities.
I addressed several difficulties in coordinating
the activities of the project but I am highly
indebted to MR.NEERAJ BHATT [PGT PHYSICS]
for his guidance and constant supervision,as well
as for providing necessary information regarding
my project and also for his support in completing
the project.
At last, I conclude by thanking my parents and
friends who helped me in the successful
completion of submission of the project within the
limited time frame.
DECLARATION
I, KRITI BAROI do hereby declare that
the project entitled “To investigate the
dependence of the angel of deviation on the
angel of incidence” is a bonafide record
of the project work which is done by us
and under the guidance of MR.NERAJ
BHATT , department of physics, this
project work is submitted in partial
fulfillment for CBSE.The result
embodied in this project have not been
submitted to any other institute.
KRITI BAROI
XII
SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat,polished
surfaces that refracts light. The exact angles between the surfaces
depend on the application. The traditional geometrical shape is that
of a triangular prism with a triangular base and rectangular sides,
and in daily use “prism” usually refers to this type. Some types of
optical prism are not in fact in the shape of geometric prisms.
Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the
wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include
glass, plastic and fluorite. Prism can be used to break light up into its
constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow).Prisms can
also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with
different polarization.
Before Isaac Newton, it was believed that white light was colorless,
and that the prism itself produced the color. Newton’s experiments
demonstrated that all the colors already existed in the light in a
heterogeneous fashion, and that “corpuscles” (particles) of
light were fanned out.
Because particles with different colors travelled withdifferent speeds
through the prism. It was only later that Young and Fresnel combined
Newton’s particle theory with Huygens’ wave theory to show that
color is the visible manifestation of light’s wavelength. Newton
arrived at his conclusion by passing the red color from one prism
through second prism and found the color unchanged.From this, he
concluded that the colors must already be present in the incoming
light and white light consists of a collection of colors. As the white
light passes through the triangular prism, the light separates
into the collection of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo
and violet.This collection of colors formed by the prism is called the
spectrum. The separation of white light into its spectrum is known
as dispersion.
Dispersion occurs because each color travels through the prism at different
speeds. Violet travels the slowest through the prism; hence we can see it
refracting the most. On the other hand, red passes through at a much fast
rate which makes its angle of refraction less,hence red is too scarce to be
seen
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
AIM: To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of
incidence using a hollow prism filled with different transparent fluids.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Drawing board, white sheets of paper prism drawing pins, pencil, half meter
scale, thump pins, graph paper sand a protractor.
THEORY:
Refraction of Light through a Prism –
Diagram shows section ABC of a prism taken by a vertical plane,perpendicular to the
edge.BC is the base of the prism and AB and AC are its two refracting surfaces.
RQ is the incident ray.
QS is the refracted ray.
ST is the emergent ray.
RQN1 = i = angle of incidence
SQN3 = r = angle of refraction inside prism
QSN3= r = angle of incidence inside prism
TSN2 = e = angle of emergence
BAC = A = angle of prism
SFK = D = angle of deviation
In ΔQFS,
KFS=FQS+FSQ
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction,
discovered and documented by Michael
Faraday in the 1800s, explains the
relationship between a dynamic magnetic
field and an induced electric potential or
voltage. Despite its complex mathematical
representations, the essence of the law is
relatively easy to understand. This concept
has wide-ranging implications that impact
our daily lives, from the functioning of the
sun to the convenience of mobile
communications and the electricity that
powers our homes. Faraday's law has a
profound impact on us and is a fundamental
concept in electromagnetism.
APPLICATIONS OF EMI
The principles of electromagnetic induction
are applied in many devices and systems,
including:
.Current clamp.
.Electric generators.
.Electromagnetic forming.
.Graphics tablet.
.Hall effect sensors.
.Induction cooking.
.Induction motors.
.Induction sealing.
PRECAUTION
* KEEP YOURSELF SAFE FROM
HIGH VOLTAGE .
* USE AND HANDLE LAB
INSTRUMENTS WITH CARE.
* DO NOT SCRATCH
INSULATED COPPER WIRE
WHILE MAKING A LOOP.
* DO NOT USE DIGITAL
VOLTMETER FOR ABOVE
DEMONSTRATION.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
#Wikipedia
#Googlesearchengine
#ncertphysicsbookclass
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