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Medi-Caps International School

Session 2024-25

• Name: ANJALI YADAV

• Class: 12th – A
• Topic: REMOVAL OF ALCOHOL FROM
BODY THROUGH ESTERIFICATION

Submitted to-
Nidhi Pandit
ma’am
 Certificate

This is to certify that Anjali Yadav of

class 12th-A of Medi-caps international
school has satisfactorily completed the
investigatory project of chemistry.

I have examined the project and hereby

accord by my approval of it. As a study
carried out and presented in manner
required for its acceptance.

The references taken in this project

have been declared at the end of this
project

Teacher’s signature External’s Signature

 Acknowledgement

I would like to take this opportunity to

thank my chemistry teacher who provided
me the opportunity to work on this project
which helped me gain an immense amount
of knowledge about this particular topic.
Her knowledge was very insightful.

I am also very thankful to my parents for

their constant encouragement and support
throughout the project. Their mentorship
was much needed in the success of this
project. Also, I would like to thank my
friends for helping me whenever I needed
their help.
 Contents
1. Introduction
2. Esterification
3. Abstarct
4. Theory
5. Calculations
6. Procedures
7. Observations
8. Conclusions
 INTRODUCTION
Alcohol, scientifically known as ethanol, is a
psychoactive substance commonly consumed in
beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. It is produced
through the fermentation of sugars by yeast or, in the
case of spirits, through distillation. Alcohol has a long
history of use in social, cultural, and religious contexts,
and it is often consumed for its relaxing or euphoric
effects. In many cultures, alcohol plays an important
role in rituals, celebrations, and social gatherings. While
moderate consumption can be part of social life,
excessive or prolonged use can lead to a range of health
and societal issues, including addiction, liver disease,
and impaired judgment. Understanding alcohol’s effects
and the importance of responsible consumption is
essential for promoting well-being and safety. Alcohol
may offer certain benefits, particularly for adults
without specific health risks. Here are some possible
benefits of moderate alcohol consumption:
1. Cardiovascular Health: Research suggests that
moderate alcohol consumption, especially in the form
of red wine, may increase "good" HDL cholesterol and
reduce the risk of heart disease.
2. Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Some studies
have linked moderate alcohol consumption to a
reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
3. Potential Longevity: In some populations, moderate
alcohol use has been associated with slightly longer
life expectancy compared to non-drinkers or heavy
drinkers. This correlation could be due to improved
cardiovascular health
4. Pharmaceutical industry: Alcohol serves multiple
roles due to its chemical properties. Here are some
primary uses of alcohol in pharma:
. Solvent: Ethanol is widely used as a solvent to dissolve
drugs and other active ingredients that are not water-soluble.
This is common in the formulation of liquid medications,
tinctures, and syrups.
. Antiseptic and Disinfectant: Isopropyl alcohol
and ethanol are commonly used as antiseptics and
disinfectants in healthcare settings. They help reduce the risk
of infection by killing or inactivating many types of bacteria,
viruses, and fungi. Alcohol swabs and hand sanitizers are
popular examples.
. Drug Extraction: Alcohol is used in the extraction
and purification of active compounds from natural sources,
such as plant-based ingredients. This is essential in creating
herbal or botanical medicines.
. Cough and Cold Formulations: Alcohol is
often included in small amounts in cough syrups and cold
medicines. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, provides
preservation, and can have a mild sedative effect that can help
relieve symptoms.
 . Carrier for Active Ingredients: In certain
pharmaceutical sprays and topical medications, alcohol is
used as a carrier, ensuring that the active ingredient spreads
evenly and evaporates quickly.
. Astringent: Alcohol is sometimes used as an
astringent in pharmaceutical preparations, which helps in
shrinking tissues and reducing skin irritation. This property is
helpful in acne treatments and skin cleansers.
-Alcohol, while commonly used and sometimes
beneficial in moderation, has several disadvantages,
especially when consumed in excess. Here are some key
disadvantages:
1. Liver Damage: Chronic alcohol use can lead to liver
diseases, such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis, which
are potentially fatal.
2. Brain and Nervous System: Alcohol impairs brain
function, leading to memory issues, cognitive decline, and,
with long-term use, can result in neurological damage and
mental health issues.
3. Cancer Risk: Long-term alcohol consumption is linked
to an increased risk of various cancers, including those of
the liver, mouth, throat, esophagus, and breast.
4. Cardiovascular Issues: Excessive drinking can
increase blood pressure and raise the risk of heart disease,
stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.
5. Withdrawal Symptoms: For those dependent on
alcohol, stopping suddenly can lead to withdrawal
 symptoms such as anxiety, tremors, nausea, and, in severe
cases, seizures.
6. Memory and Cognition: Over time, heavy alcohol
use can impair cognitive functions and memory

Chemical Reactions
• Oxidation: Alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes,
ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the type of alcohol
and the reaction conditions.
• Esterification: Alcohols react with carboxylic acids in
the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters, which are
commonly used as flavorings and fragrances.
• Dehydration: Alcohols can undergo dehydration (loss
of water) to form alkenes when heated with an acid catalyst.
 Esterification
Esterification is a chemical reaction in which an alcohol reacts
with an acid to produce an ester and water. This reaction
typically occurs in the presence of a catalyst, often an acid
like sulfuric acid, which speeds up the process.

When no type of acid is specified, the word ester is assumed

to mean a carboxylic ester. The general reaction can be
represented as follows:
Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water

Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with

alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of
specialized reagents and conditions can be used.
ABSTRACT
The removal of alcohol from the human body is a
crucial process, as alcohol accumulation can lead to
toxic effects on various physiological systems. One of
the innovative biochemical approaches to assist in
alcohol detoxification is the esterification reaction,
which leverages the body’s metabolic pathways to
transform alcohols into less harmful substances. In this
process, alcohol molecules react with organic acids in
the presence of specific enzymes, producing esters that
can be more easily metabolized or excreted from the
body. This study explores the feasibility of employing
esterification as a supportive detoxification
mechanism, examining the roles of key enzymes like
alcohol dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA in catalyzing
these reactions. Results suggest that enzymatic
esterification may aid the liver’s natural detoxification
pathway, providing a potential supplemental strategy
for accelerating alcohol clearance in cases of excessive
intake.
Theory
-reactions
1. Actual esterification reaction
C2H5OH+CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 +H2O
Ethyl alcohol Acetic acid Ethyl Acetate Water
2.Pre- esterification reaction
2CH3COOH+Ca(OH)2 Ca(CH3COO)2+2H2O
Acetic acid Calcium Calcium Acetate Water
Hydroxide
3.Modified Esterification reaction
CH3COO-Ca++2C2H5OH CH3COOCH2CH3
Calcium Acetate Ethanol Ethyl Acetate
+Ca(OH)2
Calcium Hydroxide
 SUMMARY
Some necessary calculations to obtain pH
of solution i.e., in the range of 3-4 are as
follows
1. 100ml of vinegar contains
approximately 0.067 moles of acetic
acid depending upon manufacturer.
2. According to FDA, recommended
consumption of calcium for an adult is
1.3g per day.
3. Now,100ml=0.067 moles of acetic acid
1000ml=0.67 moles of acetic acid
4. Approximately the concentration of
vinegar should be 0.03M using
M1V1=M2V2
We obtain the quantity of vinegar as,
(1000 X 0.03)/0.67 = 44ml
5. Permissible value for Ca (OH)2 is 0.02
moles, the amount of Ca (OH)2 is
0.02 X 74 = 1.48g (Where,
molecular weight of Ca (OH)2 is 74)
 PROCEDURE
-Preparation of Solution:
1. Take 44ml of vinegar in a beaker.
2. Measure 1.48g of calcium hydroxide using
digital weighing machine.
3. Add the measured calcium hydroxide to
the beaker containing vinegar and stir well.
4. With the help of pH paper or pH indicator
solution, measure the pH of the solution.
5.Obtained pH should be in range of 3-4.
-Titration against Potassium
permanganate:
1. Take 10ml of this solution and add 10ml
alcohol to it.
2. Fill the burette with 2% of KMnO4.
3. Perform the titration till brown color is
obtained.
 OBSERVATIONS
1. Alcohol reacts with acetate ions present in the
solution to form ester, ethyl acetate.
2. It is indicated by citric flavor aroma of ester
instead of pungent smell of acetic acid.
3. Observations from titration suggest complete
reduction of alcohol to ester because:
▪ Potassium permanganate which is purple
colored acts as indicator and end point
achieved is purple-brown color.
▪ Formation of MnO2 ions gives the brown
color and suggests reduction of alcohol.
 Conclusion
Ultimately, the choice to consume alcohol should be made
responsibly, considering one’s health, environment, and limits.
Being mindful of personal consumption can help minimize
potential negative impacts on health and life. Many regions set
legal drinking ages to help protect younger people from the
risks associated with alcohol. Following these laws helps
mitigate risks, especially for adolescents whose brains are still
developing.
Long term effects include memory loss, strokes and
concussions. Reproductive organs are also damaged due to
consumption of alcohol.
Esters having negligible effect on our health proves to be a
better alternative than alcohol in our body.
Usually our liver takes 10-12 hours to reduce alcohol but this
might prove to be a faster solution.
 BIBLIOGRAPGHY
i. Chemistry NCERT Book
ii. Edu cart
iii. Google.com
iv. byjus