© SEP 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 3 | ISSN: 2456-8880
Design and Construction (1KVA) a Quite Low-Cost
Inverter with High Efficiency and Quality Output
Capabilities
OLAITAN SUNDAY KOLAWOLE
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract- Power inverter is an electrical appliance here in Nigeria. Although in developing countries,
that can be used with DC battery as an alternative shortage of power is a problem commercially and
source of energy supply in the event of power domestically. New offices have tremendous load on
failures and energy crisis. It is cheap, clean, very already existing power generation sources. When
conducive and silent when in operation and a very added to rapidly increasing private and domestic
reliable source of power supply The methodology demand, the situation, especially in certain urban
was divided into four stage firstly determination of areas becomes devastating. Simply stated, our ability
the oscillatory frequency and determination of the to consume power is growing faster than our ability
transistor switching current is being determined to supply power. Under such conditions, failure will
from the oscillating frequency and also the drain occur unpredictably and without any warning due to
current of the MOSEF was determine. The input of stresses on the inadequate sources of power. Hence,
the inverter is 12V while the output voltage is 220V there is need for the alternative sourceof power which
and 4.5A. In conclusion the inverter has good could fill in the gap and cover the lapses of shortage
efficiency and durable. it is recommended that in power supply. Overcoming this obstacle led to the
increasing is the power rating and conversion of the invention of DC/AC power inverters.At the early
inverter to acts like uninterrupted power supply to stage, sun was the source of energy for generating
generator power. Due to the inadequacy of the power generated
through this source, there was a need to find other
Indexed Terms- Low-Cost, High Efficiency and ways to improve the power supply when the
Good Quality Output generating station could not meet the demand of the
people. As the technology advances, the
I. INTRODUCTION hydroelectric generation was developed, gas firing
generating station, and wired tubing methods of
Power electronic systems are used widely to convert generating power supply were developed. In spite of
electric energy from one form to other using all these developments, there was still failure in
electronic devices. Four basic power electronics electrical power generation as a result of obsolete
functions are AC to DC conversion, DC to AC equipment at the generating stations. There was still
conversion, DC to DC conversion and AC to AC need to find alternative for solving the problem. As a
conversion. These basic functions are used to build result of this, some options like alternators, inverters
power supplies, DC transmission systems, electric and others were developed (Babarindeet al.,
drives and others (Mushairin, 2006).Mobility and 2014).Power inverter is an electronic device that has
versatility have become a must for the fast-paced the ability to convert the direct current (DC) from the
society today. People can no longer afford to be tied battery or solar cells (panels) into an alternating
down to a fixed power source location when using current (AC) which is the conventional form that
their equipment. Overcoming the obstacle of fixed powers many electrical appliances. It maintains a
power has led to the invention of a DC/AC power continuous supply of electric power to the connected
inverter (Dustin et al., 2004).Companies, Industries, loads or equipment when the utility power is not
Organizations, Homes among the others are posed available.Inverters are generally used in a host of
with a major problem of power shortage especially applications that include variable speed drive,
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© SEP 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 3 | ISSN: 2456-8880
uninterruptible power supplies, flexible AC boats and at the construction sites where an electric
transmission systems, (FACTA), high voltage DC grid may not be as accessible to hook into (Hazlan,
transmission systems (HVDC), active filters among 2009).Inverters, besides coming in a wide variety of
the others (Geethalakshmi and Dananjayan, 2010).An power capacities, are distinguished primarily by the
inverter used for backup power in a grid connected shape of the alternating current wave they produce.
home will use grid power to keep the batteries The three major waveforms are square-wave,
charged, and when grid power fails, it will switch to modified sinewave and true sine-wave. Square wave
drawing power from the batteries and supplying it to inverters are largely obsolete, as the waveform shape
the building electrical system. For a business home or is not well suited for running most modern
office, a reliable power source is invaluable for appliances, and prices have come down considerably
preventing lost data on computer systems. Most for the superior modified sine wave and true sine
modern inverters also include overvoltage and under wave types (Alaskan, 2006).An inverter with the use
voltage protection, protecting sensitive equipment of many batteries is capable of generating power for
from dangerous power surges as well (Alaskan, hour’s even days depending on the capacity of the
2006). An inverter is a device that takes a direct battery and the load connected to it, and this power
current input and produces a sinusoidal alternating could be very crucial since in some office set-up, a
current output. An inverter needs to be designed to failure of about one minute could cause losses that
handle the requirements of an energy hungry could run into millions. Many researchers have
household yet remain efficient during periods of low worked on design of inverters with different
demand. The efficiency of inverter is highly being capacities to archives their aims. The aim of the work
dependent on the switching device, topology and is to design and construct (1KVA) a quite low cost
switching frequency of the inverter (Mushairin, inverter with high efficiency and quality output
2006).Alternating current (AC) power is used as a capabilities to power some selected domestic
power source as well for transmission purpose appliances such as computers, television sets and
because it can be generated and also converted from lighting systems. the objectives include but limited to
one voltage to another. Transmission of AC power Design and construct an inverter to serve as an
over long distance is still used until now, however it alternative source of power supply, reduce cost of
results in relatively high transmission loses. The electricity bills, reduce carbon discharges and
types of loses are transient stability problem and Improve and reliable energy source.
operational requirements such as dynamic damping
of electrical system may also arise along the II. METHODOLOGY
transmission line. Direct Current (DC) transmission
is an alternative which overcomes most of this Materials used for this research to be complete, there
problem. Besides that, it is more economically is a need to know the components used in the design.
feasible only when the transmission distance exceeds In electronics, the power system is designed in such a
500 to 600 km, underwater cables for the case in a way that the equipment always has power so that it
small distance transmission. At the receiving end can function effectively. These components include:
HVDC is converted back to HVAC or LVAC. The Integrated Circuit(IC) SG 3524 PWM, IC NE 555
design of an inverter is referring to the requirement of Timer, IC LM 393 (LM 324) Comparator, Transistor,
point distribution and economical aspect (Muhamed, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
2010).Power inverters come in all shapes and sizes, (MOSFET), Transformer, Relay Switch, Rectifier,
from low power functions such as powering a car Capacitor, Diode, Light-Emitting Diode (LED),
radio to that of backing up a building in case of Resistor, Breakers, OptoIsolator, Operational
power outage. Inverters may come in different Amplifier
varieties, differing in price, power, efficiency and
purpose. Power inverters are used today for many Design
tasks like powering appliances in a car such as cell In one simple inverter circuit, DC power is connected
phones, radios and televisions. They also come in to a transformer through the center tap of the primary
handy for consumers who own camping vehicles, winding. A switch is rapidly switched back and forth
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© SEP 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 3 | ISSN: 2456-8880
to allow current to flow back to the DC source outputs of two or more converters in parallel that are
following two alternate paths through one end of the phase shifted in respect to one another.
primary winding and then the other. The alternation
of the direction of current in the primary winding of CONCLUSION
the transformer produces alternating current (AC) in
the secondary circuit. The electromechanical version In conclusion, the inverter was able to convert an
of the switching device includes two stationary input voltage of 12V DC source into an output
contacts and a spring supported moving contact. The voltage of 220V AC power supply and a frequency of
spring holds the movable contact against one of the 50Hz and it can now be use to power electrical
stationary contacts and an electromagnet pulls the appliances rated 700W depending on the capacity of
movable contact to the opposite stationary contact. the battery and can also reduce family spending on
The current in the electromagnet is interrupted by the energy utilization because of its non-fuel
action of the switch so that the switch continually consumption, low price and maintenance cost as
switches rapidly back and forth. This type of compared to the other sources of power supply in the
electromechanical inverter switch, called a vibrator or market but it cannot be used on three-phase
buzzer, was once used in vacuum tube automobile machines, domestic appliances with voltages above
radios. A similar mechanism has been used in door 240V and below 220V, and devices with 60Hz
bells, buzzers and tattoo machines.As they became frequency. The total cost of all components used in
available with adequate power ratings, transistors and the construction of the circuit was around GHC200 as
various other types of semiconductor switches have compared to the GHC400 modifier sine wave
been incorporated into invertercircuit designs. inverters on the market now.
Certain ratings, especially for largesystems (many
kilowatts) use thyristors (SCR). SCRs provide large RECOMMENDATIONS
power handling capability in a semiconductor device,
and can readily be controlled over a variable firing More research should be made into power inverter
range. when not coupledto an output transformer, systems design as a more cost-effective means of
produces a square voltage waveform due to its simple electric power generation in our part of the world due
off and on nature as opposed to the sinusoidal to adverse climatic change which poses threat to the
waveform that is the usual waveform of an AC power already available power supplies and care should also
supply. Using Fourier analysis, periodic waveforms be taken in the installation, maintenance and usage of
are represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine power inverter systems, extreme caution should be
waves. taken when handling batteries and electrolyte and
final, for the constant unavailability of electronic
Based on the basic H-bridge topology, there are two components in the market, the School of Engineering
different fundamental control strategies called basic should study research proposals of students and made
frequency-variable bridge converter and PWM available the basic components for each academic
control (Kassakian, 1991). Here, in the left image of year, the Electrical and Electronic Engineering
H-bridge circuit, the top left switch and others are in Department should also put up a state of the art
counterclockwise order. For the basic frequency- electrical and electronic laboratories to enable
variable bridge converter, the switches can be students to undertake their final projects and also
operated at the same frequency as the AC in the have first-hand information and usage of modern
electric grid (60 Hz in the U.S.). However, it is the tools or gadgets.
rate at which the switches open and close that
determines the AC frequency. We could control the REFERENCES
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