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Rabbit
Rabbit are four-legged herbivorous mammals with long ears, a divided upper lip and
two powerful back legs which make them a good hopper.
At first, they were called coneys. The name “Rabbit” was first used to address the
young coneys until the 18th century when the word “Rabbit” became more popular in
the society.
The new born rabbits are naked and blind, this helpless condition is the reason why
rabbits live in a secure dens underground.
Rabbits can only be found in several parts of the world, and of all that are divided into
eight different genera, they are: Genus Pentalagus, Genus Bunolagus, Genus
Nesolagus, Genus Romerolagus, Genus Brachylagus, Genus Sylvilagus, Genus
Oryctolagus and Genus Poelagus.
All rabbits has a typical short tail. Their average body size are 20 to 50 cm long and
the average weight around half to 2 kg. It is recorded that adult rabbit has 3 years
lifespan in their natural habitat, but it is also believed that they can live longer if they
are under human care.
Just like human, they sleep for about 8 hours in their underground burrows. They
have a wide variety of color, start from white, brown, black and grey, but most of
them have a combination of some colors. Rabbits communicate to each other by
performing various body position and also by making a few sounds.
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Chicken
Chicken is the most popular domesticated fowl in the world with a total population of
more than 19 billion in 2011. Even if some people keep it at home as a pet, but
generally it is considered to be livestock because most people keep it as a source of
food for its meat and eggs.
The ability of female chicken, usually called as “hen”, to lay egg every day, give
them the title “bird that gives birth every day” since the mid-15th century BC.
Chickens are omnivore. They consume almost anything, starting from worm, insect,
seeds, rice to lizard and young mice. In their natural habitat, chickens can live up to
ten years.
Chicken have several nickname that come from several places. The name “cocks”
refer to the adult male chickens with age of more than one year. This nickname is
used widely in the UK and Ireland.
Meanwhile, the same chicken is called “roosters” in United States, Australia and
Canada. Another nickname is used when we want to address to male chickens with
age less than a year, and the nickname is “cockerels”.
As the world develop, some parts of the world allow the implementation of surgical
or chemical castration to the male chicken. A castrated roosters are called “capons”.
As for the female chicken, there are two nick name for them, they are “hen” for the
adult female chicken, and “pullets” for the young female chicken.
Chickens have two legs with four fingers on each of it. They also have two wings on
each side of the body. All of their body is covered with plumage.
Both adult male and female chicken have additional flesh on their head called a comb
and also under their head called wattles.
There are several difference between male and female chickens, some of them are:
there are an additional part on each of rooster’s leg called as the spur (it is their
weapon during a fight), rooster’s plumage usually looks shiny and has a brighter
color, roosters usually have long tail.
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Mosquito
Mosquitoes are flying insects of the family Culicidae and order Diptera. There are
around 2.700 species of mosquitoes in the world.
It is believed that they have a cosmopolitan distribution, which means that they can
be found anywhere in this world.
Some species who live in a tropical regions are active for the entire year and those
who live in cold regions will go through a hibernation process. They suck blood from
various kinds of hosts such as vertebrates, mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, amphibians
and also humans.
Mosquitoes have a small and slender body with the size of 3 mm to 6 mm. The
average weight of a mosquito is 5 mg. As an insect, they also have three segments on
their body. They have two large eyes, antenna, mouth and a proboscis. This tube-like
proboscis is used to pierce the host's skin and suck their blood.
The antenna on their head is used to detect the odor of the host and also the breeding
sites. They have six legs and two wings attached on their thorax. Their abdomen is
the place where they store the blood and their eggs. Mosquitoes actually feed on
nectar and plant juices.
Some species of mosquitoes suck blood because they need its nutrients to produce
eggs. In fact, some species does not suck blood at all. Only female mosquitoes suck
blood, the male does not need it at all.
Female mosquitoes can live for 42 to 56 days while male mosquitoes only live for 10
days. During this time, a female mosquito is able to produce 100 to 200 eggs.
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Cat
Cat or as we usually called it as the domestic cat are four-legged carnivorous
mammal. Their latin name is Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus.
The domestication of cats is believed to have started since ancient Egypt 9,500 years
ago. Since that, cats have become humans companion.
Nowadays it is the most popular pet in the world and also the second most popular pet
in the US and they are often called as the house cats.
It is believed that there are more than 70 cat breeds now in the world. Most cats are
furry, only some of them such as Sphynx cat born with less fur on their body.
Some cats have a long tail and some others have a short tail. It also has a very flexible
body and sharp claws which can be retracted. Usually cats can grow up to 4 to 5 kg in
weight and 23 to 25 cm in length, but sometimes it can be smaller or grow even
bigger.
Their eyes allow them to see in the dark and their ears allow them to hear sound with
a high frequency that human could not hear.
They are a good solitar hunters who have a really good sense of smell. There are
various colors of cats in the world such as white, brown, grey, black, stripes and even
multi color. They are a social species and they can make various sound such as
mewing, purring, hissing and growling.
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Cheetah
The cheetah is a large cat native to Africa and central Iran. It is the fastest land animal,
estimated to be capable of running at 80 to 128 km/h.
Cheetah can run fast because of its long thin legs and a long tail. Cheetah body length is
typically reaches 67–94 cm.
Adults weigh between 21 and 72 kg (46 and 159 lb). Its head is small and rounded, and
has a short snout and black tear-like facial streaks.
The coat is typically tawny to creamy white or pale buff and is mostly covered with
evenly spaced, solid black spots. Four subspecies are recognised. The cheetah lives in
three main social groups: females and their cubs, male groups, and solitary males.
While females lead a nomadic life searching for prey in large home ranges, males are
more sedentary and instead establish much smaller territories in areas with plentiful prey
and access to females. The cheetah is active during the day, with peaks during dawn and
dusk.
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Giraffe
Giraffe is the tallest animal in the world. With its long legs and its long neck it can reach
the height of 5 to 6 m (male) and 4,6 m (female). Giraffe is one of endemic animal of
Africa.
They are herbivorous mammals. Their scientific name is Giraffa camelopardalis. The
species name, camelopardalis, was taken from latin which was the combination of
“camel” and “leopard”.
Giraffe is distinguishable for its long neck, its skin pattern and also its horn-like part on
top of its head called as ossicones.
It has mane along its neck. Its skin pattern looks like leopard, the difference is that it has
wider spot and the color is brown instead of black as on leopard’s skin.
The shape of its head is similar to camel with two nostril in front of it and located right
above its mouth. Its eyes and ears are located on each side of the head.
Generally, they live in savannahs or in woodlands where they can easily get their food
such as leaves, fruits and flowers.
The body weight of an adult male giraffe can reach 1.200 kg while the female can reach
830 kg. This heavy body doesn’t stop them from running at maximum speed of 60 km/h.
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Dolphin
Dolphins are marine mammals with a very high inteligence. There are more than 40
species of them spread around the world.
Most of them live in the ocean, but some of them such as the Chinese river dolphin live
in the river. They consume fish and squid as their main diet but some of them also eat
other marine mammals.
The maximum size of each species is different. Maui’s dolphin (the smallest dolphin) can
grow to the size of 1,7 m with the maximum weight of 50 kg, while the largest dolphin,
the killer whale, can reach the maximum size of 9,5 m with the maximum body weight of
10 tons.
They have streamlined bodies and two flippers located on left and right bottom of their
body. Those flippers are called “pectoral fins”. On the top of their body, there is a large
fin caled as “dorsal fin”. A dolphin breathe through a hole located on top of their head. It
is called as “blowhole”. They have a long snout called as “rostrum”.
The tail of a dolphin consist of several parts, they are: peduncle (the tail stock), flukes
(the flat part of their tail which split into two), and the median notch (the middle part of
the two flukes).
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Seahorse
Seahorse is a type of marine fish with a head that resemble the head of a horse. They are
from the family of Syngnathidae and genus Hippocampus.
There are 54 species of them and we named them all “seahorse”. They can be found in
shallow tropical water and usually they inhabit an area where coral or seagrass exist.
Their maximum body size can reach 1,5 to 35,5 cm depending on their species. There is
no scales on their body. But they have segmented bony armour around the body which
looks like thorns. They also have a curled prehensile tail that they use to grab on
something.
They have a dorsal fin and it is located close to their tail. Their pectoral fins are located
on each side of their head next to their eyes.
Their long snout is used to suck up their food such as small shrimp and plankton.
Seahorse are one of two fish that swim upright. The other one is Razorfish. Although
they can swim, they swim very poorly.
They are considered to be the slowest-moving fish in the world who can only reach the
maximum speed of 1,5 m per hour. One thing that only seahorse can do is that the male
seahorse can be pregnant and give birth.
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Angora Cat
The Angora cat is a cat that comes from Türkiye. This cat is loved by many people.
Angora cat is famous for its agility, and it also has adorable behavior. Angora cats are
generally white. The top of his head seems wider, while the bottom looks narrower, like
an inverted triangle. Apart from that, the Angora cat's head is also slightly rounder.
The ears of the Angora cat appear more pointed, with very close spacing, without a lot of
thick or long hair. Do you know what is most unique about Angora cats? yes, the eyes.
Angora cat's eyes appear slightly tilted upwards. Another unique thing is that the Angora
cat has blue eyes, which means this cat is deaf or cannot hear. unique isn't it? Another
difference between the Angora cat and other types of cats is the cat's nose which looks
sharper and its face is oval. Meanwhile, the tail looks thicker and bushier, and the legs
also look tall and long.
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One-Horned Rhinoceros
The one-horned rhinoceros is one of the animals that can only be found in Indonesia. As
the name suggests, the uniqueness of this rhino is its single horn. This four-legged animal
is an animal that is protected by the state because it is rare and almost extinct. This
animal has a long snout and has large nostrils. Right above the muzzle is a sharp curved
horn or horn. Meanwhile, the wide ears are on the back of the head and almost on the
neck or hump. His body is big and muscular.
In fact, it is known that the one-horned rhinoceros is the largest animal on the island of
Java. Just imagine, it can weigh up to 1.5 tons. His whole body was covered with thick
skin that looked almost like a knight's armor made of metal. The color of his skin is
brown, almost like pale ash, like the color of a solid mountain rock. This large rhino is
supported by its four strong legs. Each leg has three nails. Their thick nails are covered
with thick skin to support their tall body. How extraordinary is this rare prima donna of
Indonesia. It's time for all of us to help preserve these animals by at least getting to know
them
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Elephant
An elephant is the largest and strongest animals which live in land. It is a strange looking
animal which has thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tail, little
pair of eyes, long white tusks and above all, elephant has a long nose called the trunk.
An elephant is commonly seen in a zoo because it is hard to find them in their natural
habitat. The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature and it has various usages.
The elephant’s trunk can also lift leaves and put them into its mouth. In other word, their
trunks serve the elephant as long arm and hand.
An elephant looks very clumsy and heavy but an elephant can move very quickly. The
elephant is considered to be an intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great
strength make an elephant a very useful servant to man.
Elephant can be trained to serve in various ways such as carrying heavy loads, hunting
for tigers and even fighting.
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Dinosaur
Dinosaur consist of various groups of animals from different morphology, taxonomy, and
ecology. Generallyit is divided into avian dinosaurs (birds form) and non-avian dinosaurs
(all other dinosaurs).
It is believed that they were first appeared in the Triassic Period (about 230 million years
ago). They are already extinct, but we can still learn about them through their fossils.
Some of dinosaur are herbivore and the rest are carnivore. Eventhough most of them has
huge body, but there are also some dinosaur with small body such as Eoraptor.
There is also a type of dinosaur which considered to be the tallest animal of all time with
the body height of 14 m, and the name is Brachiosaurus. Some groups of dinosaur
developed skeletal modification such as spines and bony armor such as Triceratops.
They have lizard-like type of skin, this is the reason why some people also consider them
to be a giant lizards. Most of dinosaur will travel in group rather than alone. They also
tend to build nest and live together with their group.
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Bird
Birds are interesting flying creature found in the earth. They are considered as vertebrates
and warm blooded animals.
They include eaves class which can be found all over the world, and so can in Indonesia.
Birds breathe by using their air bags. As the addition organs of respiration, air bags can
also increase or decrease their weight when flying or swimming.
There are many kinds of bird in the world. Birds have special characteristics and have
different morphologies according to their food and their habitat. Most of them eat seeds,
pollen, worm, fish, and meat.
There are several species that live on land and the other lives in the water. Land birds
stay in their nests. All female birds have specific tasks to lay their eggs and to feed their
babies, and they forage for their baby.